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Shah DN, Chorya HP, Ramesh NN, Gnanasekaram S, Patel N, Sethi Y, Kaka N. Myopathies of endocrine origin: A review for physicians. Dis Mon 2024; 70:101628. [PMID: 37718136 DOI: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2023.101628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Myopathies are a common manifestation of endocrine disorders. Endocrine myopathies are often overlooked while considering differential diagnoses in patients with musculoskeletal symptoms. The hindrance to mobility and the musculoskeletal discomfort owing to these myopathies are important causes of disability and depreciated quality of life in these patients. Endocrine myopathies occur due to the effects of endogenous or iatrogenic hormonal imbalance on skeletal muscle protein and glucose metabolism, disrupting the excitation-contraction coupling. Abnormalities of the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, and gonadal hormones have all been associated with myopathies and musculoskeletal symptoms. Endocrine myopathies can either be the complication of a secondary endocrine disorder or a presenting symptom of a missed underlying disorder. Therefore, an underlying endocrine abnormality must always be excluded in all patients with musculoskeletal symptoms. This review presents a compilation of various endocrine myopathies, their etiopathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnostic modalities, and treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devarsh N Shah
- Government Medical College Baroda, India; PearResearch, India
| | | | - N Nishitha Ramesh
- PearResearch, India; Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, India
| | | | - Neil Patel
- PearResearch, India; GMERS Medical College, Himmatnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Yashendra Sethi
- PearResearch, India; Government Doon Medical College, HNB Uttarakhand Medical Education University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nirja Kaka
- PearResearch, India; GMERS Medical College, Himmatnagar, Gujarat, India.
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2
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Li Y, Qin Y, Wei S, Ling L, Ding CF. Differentiation of steroid isomers by steroid analogues adducted trapped ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:313-319. [PMID: 37940728 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-05019-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Steroids are one of the important indicators of health and disease. However, due to the high similarity of steroid structures, there are several potential obstacles in the differentiation of steroids, especially for their isomers. Herein, we described a trapped ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (TIMS-MS) approach based on the steroid analogue adduction for isomer-specific identification of steroids. The application of dexamethasone (DEX) to form heterodimers with steroids enhanced the separation of their isomers in TIMS. Two isomer pairs including 17-hydroxyprogesterone/11-deoxycorticosterone and androsterone/epiandrosterone were successfully separated as the heterodimers with DEX by TIMS. The stability of DEX-adducted heterodimers is comparable with steroid dimers. Owing to the high separation efficiency and stability, the relative quantification of steroid isomers was demonstrated with the proposed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yujiao Qin
- Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Songchang Wei
- Ningbo No.6 Hospital, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ling Ling
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Chuan-Fan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China.
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3
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Hosoi T, Yakabe M, Hashimoto S, Akishita M, Ogawa S. The roles of sex hormones in the pathophysiology of age-related sarcopenia and frailty. Reprod Med Biol 2024; 23:e12569. [PMID: 38476959 PMCID: PMC10927916 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Sarcopenia is an age-related condition characterized by a progressive and systemic decline in skeletal muscle mass, quality, and strength. The incidence of sarcopenia contains sex-specific aspects, indicating the contribution of sex hormones to its pathophysiology. This review focuses on changing trends in sarcopenia, discusses alterations in definitions and diagnostic criteria, and emphasizes the association between sarcopenia and sex hormones. Methods A literature search was performed on PubMed for related articles published between 1997 and December 2023 using appropriate keywords. Main Findings Results Advances in research have emphasized the significance of muscle quality and strength over muscle mass, resulting in new diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia. Androgens demonstrated anabolic effects on skeletal muscles and played a significant role in the pathophysiology of sarcopenia. In clinical settings, androgen replacement therapy has exhibited certain positive outcomes for treating sarcopenia, despite concerns about potential side effects. Conversely, estrogen is involved in skeletal muscle maintenance, but the detailed mechanisms remain unclear. Moreover, results regarding the clinical application of estrogen replacement therapy for treating sarcopenia remained inconsistent. Conclusion The elucidation of molecular mechanisms that involve sex hormones is eagerly awaited for novel therapeutic interventions for sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Hosoi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Mitsutaka Yakabe
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Seiji Hashimoto
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Masahiro Akishita
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo Japan
| | - Sumito Ogawa
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo Japan
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Lee HJ, Choi JY, Hong D, Kim D, Min JY, Min KB. Sex differences in the association between sarcopenia and mild cognitive impairment in the older Korean population. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:332. [PMID: 37248457 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-03911-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A link between sarcopenia and cognitive function has been proposed and is supported by several investigations. Nevertheless, the sex-linked relationship between these two diseases has been scarcely investigated. This cross-sectional study investigated sex differences in the association between sarcopenia and mild cognitive impairment. METHODS We included all 286 participants aged 60 years or older with MCI who visited the Department of Neurology at Veterans Health Service Medical Center in South Korea from January to December 2021. The diagnosis of MCI was confirmed by two neurologists based on the participants' neuropsychological test scores. Diagnosis of sarcopenia was based on the algorithm of Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 including bioelectrical impedance analysis and handgrip strength, and cognitive function was assessed using Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery Core (SNSB-C) test. RESULTS Among the 286 participants, 171 and 112 were men and women. After adjustment for potential covariates including APOE genotype, in women participants, there were significant associations between diagnosis of sarcopenia and MCI (OR = 4.72, 95%CI [1.39-15.97]), while there was no significant relationship in men participants. In eight subdomains of SNSB-C, we also found that women participants with sarcopenia demonstrated a significant memory decline (OR = 3.21, 95%CI [1.01-10.19]) as compared with the reference women group without sarcopenia after adjusting all covariates mentioned above. No significant association between any SNSB-C subdomain and MCI was demonstrated in men participants. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that there was a different relationship between sarcopenia and MCI by sex and that sarcopenia may affect the cognitive subdomain differently by sex. These results imply that, with regard to cognitive function, maintaining muscle function and muscle mass might be more crucial for women than for men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Jung Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Young Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongui Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghoon Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Young Min
- Veterans Medical Research Institute, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, 53, Jinhwangdo-ro 61-gil, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyoung-Bok Min
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Di Luigi L, Greco EA, Fossati C, Aversa A, Sgrò P, Antinozzi C. Clinical Concerns on Sex Steroids Variability in Cisgender and Transgender Women Athletes. Int J Sports Med 2023; 44:81-94. [PMID: 36174581 DOI: 10.1055/a-1909-1196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
In the female athletic community, there are several endogenous and exogenous variables that influence the status of the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis and serum sex steroid hormones concentrations (e. g., 17β-estradiol, progesterone, androgens) and their effects. Moreover, female athletes with different sex chromosome abnormalities exist (e. g., 46XX, 46XY, and mosaicism). Due to the high variability of sex steroid hormones serum concentrations and responsiveness, female athletes may have different intra- and inter-individual biological and functional characteristics, health conditions, and sports-related health risks that can influence sports performance and eligibility. Consequently, biological, functional, and/or sex steroid differences may exist in the same and in between 46XX female athletes (e. g., ovarian rhythms, treated or untreated hypogonadism and hyperandrogenism), between 46XX and 46XY female athletes (e. g., treated or untreated hyperandrogenism/disorders of sexual differentiation), and between transgender women and eugonadal cisgender athletes. From a healthcare perspective, dedicated physicians need awareness, knowledge, and an understanding of sex steroid hormones' variability and related health concerns in female athletes to support physiologically healthy, safe, fair, and inclusive sports participation. In this narrative overview, we focus on the main clinical relationships between hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis function, endogenous sex steroids and health status, health risks, and sports performance in the heterogeneous female athletic community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Di Luigi
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Roma 'Foro Italico', Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela A Greco
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Roma 'Foro Italico', Rome, Italy.,Department of Science of Movement, Università degli Studi Niccolò Cusano, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Fossati
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Roma 'Foro Italico', Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Aversa
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Paolo Sgrò
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Roma 'Foro Italico', Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Antinozzi
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Roma 'Foro Italico', Rome, Italy
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Jones PR, Voisin S, Nolan BJ, Landen S, Jacques M, Newell B, Zwickl S, Cook T, Wong A, Ginger A, Palmer A, Garnham A, Alvarez-Romero J, Mohandas N, Seale K, Cheung A, Eynon N. Uncovering the effects of gender affirming hormone therapy on skeletal muscle and epigenetics: protocol for a prospective matched cohort study in transgender individuals (the GAME study). BMJ Open 2022; 12:e060869. [PMID: 35545400 PMCID: PMC9096568 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-060869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gender affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) is increasingly used by transgender individuals and leads to shifts in sex hormone levels. Skeletal muscle is highly responsive to hormone activity, with limited data on the effects of GAHT on different human tissues. Here, we present the protocol for the GAME study (the effects of Gender Affirming hormone therapy on skeletal Muscle training and Epigenetics), which aims to uncover the effects of GAHT on skeletal muscle 'omic' profiles (methylomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics) and markers of skeletal muscle health and fitness. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This study is a prospective age-matched cohort study in transgender adults commencing GAHT (n=80) and age-matched individuals not commencing GAHT (n=80), conducted at Austin Health and Victoria University in Victoria, Australia. Assessments will take place prior to beginning GAHT and 6 and 12 months into therapies in adults commencing GAHT. Age-matched individuals will be assessed at the same time points. Assessments will be divided over three examination days, involving (1) aerobic fitness tests, (2) muscle strength assessments and (3) collection of blood and muscle samples, as well as body composition measurements. Standardised diets, fitness watches and questionnaires will be used to control for key confounders in analyses. Primary outcomes are changes in aerobic fitness and muscle strength, as well as changes in skeletal muscle DNA methylation and gene expression profiles. Secondary outcomes include changes in skeletal muscle characteristics, proteomics, body composition and blood markers. Linear mixed models will be used to assess changes in outcomes, while accounting for repeated measures within participants and adjusting for known confounders. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The Austin Health Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC) and Victoria University HREC granted approval for this study (HREC/77146/Austin-2021). Findings from this project will be published in open-access, peer-reviewed journals and presented to scientific and public audiences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12621001415897; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice R Jones
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Footscray, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah Voisin
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Footscray, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brendan J Nolan
- Trans Health Research Group, Department of Medicine (Austin Health), The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology (Austin Health), The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shanie Landen
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Footscray, Victoria, Australia
| | - Macsue Jacques
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Footscray, Victoria, Australia
| | - Beau Newell
- Pride in Sport, ACON Health, Surry Hills, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sav Zwickl
- Trans Health Research Group, Department of Medicine (Austin Health), The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Teddy Cook
- Pride in Sport, ACON Health, Surry Hills, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alex Wong
- Trans Health Research Group, Department of Medicine (Austin Health), The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ariel Ginger
- Trans Health Research Group, Department of Medicine (Austin Health), The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Palmer
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Footscray, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Garnham
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Footscray, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Namitha Mohandas
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Footscray, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kirsten Seale
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Footscray, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ada Cheung
- Trans Health Research Group, Department of Medicine (Austin Health), The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology (Austin Health), The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nir Eynon
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Footscray, Victoria, Australia
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Differential effect of canagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, on slow and fast skeletal muscles from nondiabetic mice. Biochem J 2022; 479:425-444. [PMID: 35048967 PMCID: PMC8883489 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There has been a concern that sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors could reduce skeletal muscle mass and function. Here, we examine the effect of canagliflozin (CANA), an SGLT2 inhibitor, on slow and fast muscles from nondiabetic C57BL/6J mice. In this study, mice were fed with or without CANA under ad libitum feeding, and then evaluated for metabolic valuables as well as slow and fast muscle mass and function. We also examined the effect of CANA on gene expressions and metabolites in slow and fast muscles. During SGLT2 inhibition, fast muscle function is increased, as accompanied by increased food intake, whereas slow muscle function is unaffected, although slow and fast muscle mass is maintained. When the amount of food in CANA-treated mice is adjusted to that in vehicle-treated mice, fast muscle mass and function are reduced, but slow muscle was unaffected during SGLT2 inhibition. In metabolome analysis, glycolytic metabolites and ATP are increased in fast muscle, whereas glycolytic metabolites are reduced but ATP is maintained in slow muscle during SGLT2 inhibition. Amino acids and free fatty acids are increased in slow muscle, but unchanged in fast muscle during SGLT2 inhibition. The metabolic effects on slow and fast muscles are exaggerated when food intake is restricted. This study demonstrates the differential effects of an SGLT2 inhibitor on slow and fast muscles independent of impaired glucose metabolism, thereby providing new insights into how they should be used in patients with diabetes, who are at a high risk of sarcopenia.
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Pellikaan K, Ben Brahim Y, Rosenberg AGW, Davidse K, Poitou C, Coupaye M, Goldstone AP, Høybye C, Markovic TP, Grugni G, Crinò A, Caixàs A, Eldar-Geva T, Hirsch HJ, Gross-Tsur V, Butler MG, Miller JL, van der Kuy PHM, van den Berg SAA, Visser JA, van der Lely AJ, de Graaff LCG. Hypogonadism in Women with Prader-Willi Syndrome-Clinical Recommendations Based on a Dutch Cohort Study, Review of the Literature and an International Expert Panel Discussion. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10245781. [PMID: 34945077 PMCID: PMC8707541 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10245781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare neuroendocrine genetic syndrome. Characteristics of PWS include hyperphagia, hypotonia, and intellectual disability. Pituitary hormone deficiencies, caused by hypothalamic dysfunction, are common and hypogonadism is the most prevalent. Untreated hypogonadism can cause osteoporosis, which is already an important issue in PWS. Therefore, timely detection and treatment of hypogonadism is crucial. To increase understanding and prevent undertreatment, we (1) performed a cohort study in the Dutch PWS population, (2) thoroughly reviewed the literature on female hypogonadism in PWS and (3) provide clinical recommendations on behalf of an international expert panel. For the cohort study, we retrospectively collected results of a systematic health screening in 64 female adults with PWS, which included a medical questionnaire, medical file search, medical interview, physical examination and biochemical measurements. Our data show that hypogonadism is frequent in females with PWS (94%), but is often undiagnosed and untreated. This could be related to unfamiliarity with the syndrome, fear of behavioral changes, hygienic concerns, or drug interactions. To prevent underdiagnosis and undertreatment, we provide practical recommendations for the screening and treatment of hypogonadism in females with PWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlijn Pellikaan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (K.P.); (Y.B.B.); (A.G.W.R.); (K.D.); (S.A.A.v.d.B.); (J.A.V.); (A.J.v.d.L.)
- Center for Adults with Rare Genetic Syndromes, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Dutch Center of Reference for Prader-Willi Syndrome, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Academic Centre for Growth Disorders, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yassine Ben Brahim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (K.P.); (Y.B.B.); (A.G.W.R.); (K.D.); (S.A.A.v.d.B.); (J.A.V.); (A.J.v.d.L.)
- Center for Adults with Rare Genetic Syndromes, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Dutch Center of Reference for Prader-Willi Syndrome, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Academic Centre for Growth Disorders, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anna G. W. Rosenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (K.P.); (Y.B.B.); (A.G.W.R.); (K.D.); (S.A.A.v.d.B.); (J.A.V.); (A.J.v.d.L.)
- Center for Adults with Rare Genetic Syndromes, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Dutch Center of Reference for Prader-Willi Syndrome, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Academic Centre for Growth Disorders, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kirsten Davidse
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (K.P.); (Y.B.B.); (A.G.W.R.); (K.D.); (S.A.A.v.d.B.); (J.A.V.); (A.J.v.d.L.)
- Center for Adults with Rare Genetic Syndromes, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Dutch Center of Reference for Prader-Willi Syndrome, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Academic Centre for Growth Disorders, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christine Poitou
- Rare Diseases Center of Reference ‘Prader-Willi Syndrome and Obesity with Eating Disorders’ (PRADORT), Nutrition Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75013 Paris, France; (C.P.); (M.C.)
- International Network for Research, Management & Education on adults with PWS (INfoRMEd-PWS); (A.P.G.); (C.H.); (T.P.M.); (G.G.); (A.C.)
- ENDO-ERN (European Reference Network)
| | - Muriel Coupaye
- Rare Diseases Center of Reference ‘Prader-Willi Syndrome and Obesity with Eating Disorders’ (PRADORT), Nutrition Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75013 Paris, France; (C.P.); (M.C.)
- International Network for Research, Management & Education on adults with PWS (INfoRMEd-PWS); (A.P.G.); (C.H.); (T.P.M.); (G.G.); (A.C.)
- ENDO-ERN (European Reference Network)
| | - Anthony P. Goldstone
- International Network for Research, Management & Education on adults with PWS (INfoRMEd-PWS); (A.P.G.); (C.H.); (T.P.M.); (G.G.); (A.C.)
- PsychoNeuroEndocrinology Research Group, Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Psychiatry, and Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0HS, UK
| | - Charlotte Høybye
- International Network for Research, Management & Education on adults with PWS (INfoRMEd-PWS); (A.P.G.); (C.H.); (T.P.M.); (G.G.); (A.C.)
- ENDO-ERN (European Reference Network)
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Adults with Rare Genetic Syndromes, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Department of Endocrinology, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tania P. Markovic
- International Network for Research, Management & Education on adults with PWS (INfoRMEd-PWS); (A.P.G.); (C.H.); (T.P.M.); (G.G.); (A.C.)
- Metabolism & Obesity Services, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Graziano Grugni
- International Network for Research, Management & Education on adults with PWS (INfoRMEd-PWS); (A.P.G.); (C.H.); (T.P.M.); (G.G.); (A.C.)
- ENDO-ERN (European Reference Network)
- Divison of Auxology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 28824 Piancavallo, Italy
| | - Antonino Crinò
- International Network for Research, Management & Education on adults with PWS (INfoRMEd-PWS); (A.P.G.); (C.H.); (T.P.M.); (G.G.); (A.C.)
- Reference Center for Prader-Willi Syndrome, Bambino Gesù Hospital, Research Institute, 00050 Palidoro, Italy
| | - Assumpta Caixàs
- International Network for Research, Management & Education on adults with PWS (INfoRMEd-PWS); (A.P.G.); (C.H.); (T.P.M.); (G.G.); (A.C.)
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Institut d’Investigació I Innovació Parc Taulí I3PT, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08208 Sabadell, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (L.C.G.d.G.)
| | - Talia Eldar-Geva
- The Israel Multidisciplinary Prader-Willi Syndrome Clinic, Jerusalem 9103102, Israel; (T.E.-G.); (H.J.H.); (V.G.-T.)
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Genetics Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shaare-Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem 9103102, Israel
- Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Harry J. Hirsch
- The Israel Multidisciplinary Prader-Willi Syndrome Clinic, Jerusalem 9103102, Israel; (T.E.-G.); (H.J.H.); (V.G.-T.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem 9103102, Israel
| | - Varda Gross-Tsur
- The Israel Multidisciplinary Prader-Willi Syndrome Clinic, Jerusalem 9103102, Israel; (T.E.-G.); (H.J.H.); (V.G.-T.)
- Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
- Neuropediatrics Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem 9103102, Israel
| | - Merlin G. Butler
- Departments of Psychiatry, Behavioral Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA;
| | - Jennifer L. Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Paul-Hugo M. van der Kuy
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Sjoerd A. A. van den Berg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (K.P.); (Y.B.B.); (A.G.W.R.); (K.D.); (S.A.A.v.d.B.); (J.A.V.); (A.J.v.d.L.)
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jenny A. Visser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (K.P.); (Y.B.B.); (A.G.W.R.); (K.D.); (S.A.A.v.d.B.); (J.A.V.); (A.J.v.d.L.)
| | - Aart J. van der Lely
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (K.P.); (Y.B.B.); (A.G.W.R.); (K.D.); (S.A.A.v.d.B.); (J.A.V.); (A.J.v.d.L.)
| | - Laura C. G. de Graaff
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (K.P.); (Y.B.B.); (A.G.W.R.); (K.D.); (S.A.A.v.d.B.); (J.A.V.); (A.J.v.d.L.)
- Center for Adults with Rare Genetic Syndromes, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Dutch Center of Reference for Prader-Willi Syndrome, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Academic Centre for Growth Disorders, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- International Network for Research, Management & Education on adults with PWS (INfoRMEd-PWS); (A.P.G.); (C.H.); (T.P.M.); (G.G.); (A.C.)
- ENDO-ERN (European Reference Network)
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (L.C.G.d.G.)
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9
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Rosa-Caldwell ME, Mortreux M, Kaiser UB, Sung DM, Bouxsein ML, Dunlap KR, Greene NP, Rutkove SB. The oestrous cycle and skeletal muscle atrophy: Investigations in rodent models of muscle loss. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:2472-2488. [PMID: 34569104 DOI: 10.1113/ep089962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Is the oestrous cycle affected during disuse atrophies and, if so, how are oestrous cycle changes related to musculoskeletal outcomes? What is the main finding and its importance? Rodent oestrous cycles were altered during disuse atrophy, which was correlated with musculoskeletal outcomes. However, the oestrous cycle did not appear to be changed by Lewis lung carcinoma, which resulted in no differences in muscle size in comparison to healthy control animals. These findings suggest a relationship between the oestrous cycle and muscle size during atrophic pathologies. ABSTRACT Recent efforts have focused on improving our understanding of female muscle physiology during exposure to muscle atrophic stimuli. A key feature of female rodent physiology is the oestrous cycle. However, it is not known how such stimuli interact with the oestrous cycle to influence muscle health. In this study, we investigated the impact of muscle atrophic stimuli on the oestrous cycle and how these alterations are correlated with musculoskeletal outcomes. A series of experiments were performed in female rodents, including hindlimb unloading (HU), HU followed by 24 h of reloading, HU combined with dexamethasone treatment, and Lewis lung carcinoma. The oestrous cycle phase was assessed throughout each intervention and correlated with musculoskeletal outcomes. Seven or 14 days of HU increased the duration in dioestrus or metoestrus (D/M; low hormones) and was negatively correlated with gastrocnemius mass. Time spent in D/M was also negatively correlated with changes in grip strength and bone density after HU, and with muscle recovery 24 h after the cessation of HU. The addition of dexamethasone strengthened these relationships between time in D/M and reduced musculoskeletal outcomes. However, in animals with Lewis lung carcinoma, oestrous cyclicity did not differ from that of control animals, and time spent in D/M was not correlated with either gastrocnemius mass or tumour burden. In vitro experiments suggested that enhanced protein synthesis induced by estrogen might protect against muscle atrophy. In conclusion, muscle atrophic insults are correlated with changes in the oestrous cycle, which are associated with deterioration in musculoskeletal outcomes. The magnitude of oestrous cycle alterations depends on the atrophic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Rosa-Caldwell
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Marie Mortreux
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ursula B Kaiser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dong-Min Sung
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mary L Bouxsein
- Center for Advanced Orthopedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kirsten R Dunlap
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Nicholas P Greene
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Seward B Rutkove
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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10
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Phelps M, Yablonka-Reuveni Z. Female Outperformance in Voluntary Running Persists in Dystrophin-Null and Klotho-Overexpressing Mice. J Neuromuscul Dis 2021; 8:S271-S281. [PMID: 34275905 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-210703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a degenerative muscle disease that results from impairment of the dystrophin gene. The disease causes progressive loss in muscle mass and function. OBJECTIVE The anti-aging protein, α-klotho, has been implicated in the regulation of muscle regeneration. We previously discovered that mice harboring reduced α-klotho levels exhibited a decline in muscle strength and running endurance. METHOD To investigate the ability of α-klotho to improve overall endurance in a dystrophin null murine model, we examined the voluntary wheel running performance of dystrophin-null, mdx4cv mice overexpressing an α-klotho transgene. RESULTS As expected, compared to wild type, both male and female dystrophic mice exhibited reduced running ability that was characterized by shorter running duration and longer periods of rest between cycles of activity. While our results did not detect an improvement in running performance with α-klotho overexpression, we identified distinct differences in the running patterns between females and males from all mouse strains analyzed (i.e., mdx4cv, mdx4cv overexpressing α-klotho, α-klotho overexpressing, α-klotho hypomorph, and wild type). For all strains, male mice displayed significantly reduced voluntary running ability compared to females. Further analysis of the mdx4cv strains demonstrated that male mice ran for shorter lengths of time and took longer breaks. However, we did not identify gender-associated differences in the actual speed at which mdx4cv mice ran. CONCLUSION Our data suggest key differences in the running capabilities of female and male mice, which are of particular relevance to studies of dystrophin-null mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Phelps
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Zipora Yablonka-Reuveni
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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11
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Borrani F, Solsona R, Candau R, Méline T, Sanchez AM. Modelling performance with exponential functions in elite short-track speed skaters. J Sports Sci 2021; 39:2378-2385. [PMID: 34058952 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1933351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Mathematical models are used to describe and predict the effects of training on performance. The initial models are structured by impulse-type transfer functions, however, cellular adaptations induced by exercise may exhibit exponential kinetics for their growth and subsequent dissipation. Accumulation of exercise bouts counteracts dissipation and progressively induces structural and functional changes leading to performance improvement. This study examined the suitability of a model with exponential terms (Exp-Model) in elite short-track speed (ST) skaters. Training loads and performance evolution from fifteen athletes (10 males, 5 females) were previously collected over a 3-month training period. Here, we computed the relationship between training loads and performance with Exp-Model and compared with previous results obtained with a variable dose-response model (Imp-Model). Exp-Model showed a higher correlation between actual and modelled performances (R2 = 0.83 ± 0.08 and 0.76 ± 0.07 for Exp-Model and Imp-Model, respectively). Concerning model parameters, a higher τA1 (time constant for growth) value was found (p = 0.0047; d = 1.4; 95% CI [0.4;1.9]) in males compared to females with Exp-model, suggesting that females have a faster adaptative response to training loads. Thus, according to this study, Exp-model may better describe training adaptations in elite ST athletes than Imp-Model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Borrani
- Institute of Sport Sciences of University of Lausanne (ISSUL), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Robert Solsona
- University of Perpignan via Domitia (UPVD), Faculty of Sports Sciences, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Performance Santé Environnement De Montagne (LIPSEM), Font-Romeu, France
| | - Robin Candau
- University of Montpellier (UM), Faculty of Sports Sciences, INRA UMR866, Dynamique Musculaire Et Métabolisme (DMEM), Montpellier, France
| | | | - Anthony Mj Sanchez
- University of Perpignan via Domitia (UPVD), Faculty of Sports Sciences, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Performance Santé Environnement De Montagne (LIPSEM), Font-Romeu, France
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12
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Spinal muscular atrophy: Broad disease spectrum and sex-specific phenotypes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166063. [PMID: 33412266 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.166063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is one of the major genetic disorders associated with infant mortality. More than 90% of cases of SMA result from deletions of or mutations in the Survival Motor Neuron 1 (SMN1) gene. SMN2, a nearly identical copy of SMN1, does not compensate for the loss of SMN1 due to predominant skipping of exon 7. The spectrum of SMA is broad, ranging from prenatal death to infant mortality to survival into adulthood. All tissues, including brain, spinal cord, bone, skeletal muscle, heart, lung, liver, pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, kidney, spleen, ovary and testis, are directly and/or indirectly affected in SMA. Accumulating evidence on impaired mitochondrial biogenesis and defects in X chromosome-linked modifying factors, coupled with the sexual dimorphic nature of many tissues, point to sex-specific vulnerabilities in SMA. Here we review the role of sex in the pathogenesis of SMA.
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13
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Exercise as a therapy for cancer-induced muscle wasting. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2020; 2:186-194. [PMID: 35782998 PMCID: PMC9219331 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a progressive disorder characterized by body weight, fat, and muscle loss. Cachexia induces metabolic disruptions that can be analogous and distinct from those observed in cancer, obscuring both diagnosis and treatment options. Inflammation, hypogonadism, and physical inactivity are widely investigated as systemic mediators of cancer-induced muscle wasting. At the cellular level, dysregulation of protein turnover and energy metabolism can negatively impact muscle mass and function. Exercise is well known for its anti-inflammatory effects and potent stimulation of anabolic signaling. Emerging evidence suggests the potential for exercise to rescue muscle's sensitivity to anabolic stimuli, reduce wasting through protein synthesis modulation, myokine release, and subsequent downregulation of proteolytic factors. To date, there is no recommendation for exercise in the management of cachexia. Given its complex nature, a multimodal approach incorporating exercise offers promising potential for cancer cachexia treatment. This review's primary objective is to summarize the growing body of research examining exercise regulation of cancer cachexia. Furthermore, we will provide evidence for exercise interactions with established systemic and cellular regulators of cancer-induced muscle wasting.
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14
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Loh R, Stamatakis E, Folkerts D, Allgrove JE, Moir HJ. Effects of Interrupting Prolonged Sitting with Physical Activity Breaks on Blood Glucose, Insulin and Triacylglycerol Measures: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports Med 2020; 50:295-330. [PMID: 31552570 PMCID: PMC6985064 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-019-01183-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) breaks in sitting time might attenuate metabolic markers relevant to the prevention of type 2 diabetes. OBJECTIVES The primary aim of this paper was to systematically review and meta-analyse trials that compared the effects of breaking up prolonged sitting with bouts of PA throughout the day (INT) versus continuous sitting (SIT) on glucose, insulin and triacylglycerol (TAG) measures. A second aim was to compare the effects of INT versus continuous exercise (EX) on glucose, insulin and TAG measures. METHODS The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) recommendations. Eligibility criteria consisted of trials comparing INT vs. SIT or INT vs. one bout of EX before or after sitting, in participants aged 18 or above, who were classified as either metabolically healthy or impaired, but not with other major health conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or peripheral arterial disease. RESULTS A total of 42 studies were included in the overall review, whereas a total of 37 studies were included in the meta-analysis. There was a standardised mean difference (SMD) of - 0.54 (95% CI - 0.70, - 0.37, p = 0.00001) in favour of INT compared to SIT for glucose. With respect to insulin, there was an SMD of - 0.56 (95% CI - 0.74, - 0.38, p = 0.00001) in favour of INT. For TAG, there was an SMD of - 0.26 (95% CI - 0.44, - 0.09, p = 0.002) in favour of INT. Body mass index (BMI) was associated with glucose responses (β = - 0.05, 95% CI - 0.09, - 0.01, p = 0.01), and insulin (β = - 0.05, 95% CI - 0.10, - 0.006, p = 0.03), but not TAG (β = 0.02, 95% CI - 0.02, 0.06, p = 0.37). When energy expenditure was matched, there was an SMD of - 0.26 (95% CI - 0.50, - 0.02, p = 0.03) in favour of INT for glucose, but no statistically significant SMDs for insulin, i.e. 0.35 (95% CI - 0.37, 1.07, p = 0.35), or TAG i.e. 0.08 (95% CI - 0.22, 0.37, p = 0.62). It is worth noting that there was possible publication bias for TAG outcomes when PA breaks were compared with sitting. CONCLUSION The use of PA breaks during sitting moderately attenuated post-prandial glucose, insulin, and TAG, with greater glycaemic attenuation in people with higher BMI. There was a statistically significant small advantage for PA breaks over continuous exercise for attenuating glucose measures when exercise protocols were energy matched, but no statistically significant differences for insulin and TAG. PROSPERO Registration: CRD42017080982. PROSPERO REGISTRATION CRD42017080982.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Loh
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, London, KT1 2EE, UK.
| | - Emmanuel Stamatakis
- Charles Perkins Centre, Prevention Research Collaboration, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dirk Folkerts
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, London, KT1 2EE, UK.,Faculty of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Judith E Allgrove
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, London, KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Hannah J Moir
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, London, KT1 2EE, UK.
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15
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Lowe DA, Kararigas G. Editorial: New Insights into Estrogen/Estrogen Receptor Effects in the Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:141. [PMID: 32265837 PMCID: PMC7096469 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dawn A. Lowe
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Georgios Kararigas
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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16
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Francis MR, Pinniger GJ, Noble PB, Wang KCW. Intrauterine growth restriction affects diaphragm function in adult female and male mice. Pediatr Pulmonol 2020; 55:229-235. [PMID: 31535471 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In utero diaphragm development is critically important for postnatal respiratory function and any disturbance to fetal development may lead to diaphragm dysfunction and respiratory complications in the postnatal period. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) has been shown to affect respiratory function in a sex-dependent manner; however, the effect of IUGR on diaphragm function is unknown. AIM This study used a maternal hypoxia-induced mouse model of IUGR to investigate the impact of IUGR on diaphragm function and structure in male and female adult offspring. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pregnant BALB/c mice were housed under hypoxic conditions (10.5% O2 ) from gestational days 11 to 17.5 and then returned to normoxic conditions. Control mice were housed under normoxic conditions throughout pregnancy. At 8 weeks of age, offspring were euthanized and diaphragms isolated for functional assessment in organ bath experiments and for histological analysis. RESULTS IUGR offspring were lighter at birth and remained lighter at 8 weeks of age compared to Controls. While diaphragm force (maximal or twitch) was not affected by treatment or sex, the IUGR group exhibited a longer half-relaxation time after twitch contractions compared to Control. Female offspring had a lower maximum rate of force development and higher fatigue resistance compared to males, independent of IUGR. There was no difference in the diaphragm myofibre cross-sectional area between groups or sexes. CONCLUSION Sex and IUGR independently affect diaphragm contraction in adult mice without changes in structure. This study demonstrates that IUGR affects diaphragm contractile function in later life and could impair respiratory function if exacerbated under conditions of increased respiratory load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddison R Francis
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gavin J Pinniger
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter B Noble
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kimberley C W Wang
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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17
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Rosa-Caldwell ME, Greene NP. Muscle metabolism and atrophy: let's talk about sex. Biol Sex Differ 2019; 10:43. [PMID: 31462271 PMCID: PMC6714453 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-019-0257-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle health is a strong predictor of overall health and longevity. Pathologies affecting skeletal muscle such as cancer cachexia, intensive care unit treatment, muscular dystrophies, and others are associated with decreased quality of life and increased mortality. Recent research has begun to determine that these muscular pathologies appear to present and develop differently between males and females. However, to our knowledge, there has yet to be a comprehensive review on musculoskeletal differences between males and females and how these differences may contribute to sex differences in muscle pathologies. Herein, we present a review of the current literature on muscle phenotype and physiology between males and females and how these differences may contribute to differential responses to atrophic stimuli. In general, females appear to be more susceptible to disuse induced muscle wasting, yet protected from inflammation induced (such as cancer cachexia) muscle wasting compared to males. These differences may be due in part to differences in muscle protein turnover, satellite cell content and proliferation, hormonal interactions, and mitochondrial differences between males and females. However, more works specifically examining muscle pathologies in females are necessary to more fully understand the inherent sex-based differences in muscle pathologies between the sexes and how they may correspond to different clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Rosa-Caldwell
- Integrative Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Human Health Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Nicholas P Greene
- Integrative Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Human Health Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
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18
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Tanikawa C, Takata S, Takano R, Yamanami H, Edlira Z, Takada K. Functional decline in facial expression generation in older women: A cross-sectional study using three-dimensional morphometry. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219451. [PMID: 31291323 PMCID: PMC6636602 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Elderly people show a decline in the ability to decode facial expressions, but also experience age-related facial structure changes that may render their facial expressions harder to decode. However, to date there is no empirical evidence to support the latter mechanism. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of age on facial morphology at rest and during smiling, in younger (n = 100; age range, 18-32 years) and older (n = 30; age range, 55-65 years) Japanese women. Three-dimensional images of each subject's face at rest and during smiling were obtained and wire mesh fitting was performed on each image to quantify the facial surface morphology. The mean node coordinates in each facial posture were compared between the groups using t-tests. Further, the node coordinates of the fitted mesh were entered into a principal component analysis (PCA) and a multifactor analysis of variance (MANOVA) to examine the direct interactions of aging and facial postures on the 3D facial morphology. The results indicated that there were significant age-related 3D facial changes in facial expression generation and the transition from resting to smiling produced a smaller amount of soft tissue movement in the older group than in the younger group. Further, 185 surface configuration variables were extracted and the variables were used to create four discriminant functions: the age-group discrimination for each facial expression, and the facial expression discrimination for each age group. For facial expression discrimination, the older group showed 80% accuracy with 2 of 66 significant variables, whereas the younger group showed 99% accuracy with 15 of 144 significant variables. These results indicate that in both facial expressions, the facial morphology was distinctly different in the younger and older subjects, and that in the older group, the facial morphology during smiling could not be as easily discriminated from the morphology at rest as in the younger group. These results may help to explain one aspect of the communication dysfunction observed in older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Tanikawa
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School
of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka
University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sadaki Takata
- Department of Fashion & Beauty Sciences, Osaka Shoin Women’s
University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ruriko Takano
- Corporate Culture Department, Shiseido Co., ltd., Tokyo,
Japan
| | - Haruna Yamanami
- Shiseido Global Innovation Center, Shiseido Co., ltd., Yokohama,
Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Zere Edlira
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School
of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Takada
- Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka
University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore,
Republic of Singapore
- * E-mail:
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19
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Chidi-Ogbolu N, Baar K. Effect of Estrogen on Musculoskeletal Performance and Injury Risk. Front Physiol 2019; 9:1834. [PMID: 30697162 PMCID: PMC6341375 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen has a dramatic effect on musculoskeletal function. Beyond the known relationship between estrogen and bone, it directly affects the structure and function of other musculoskeletal tissues such as muscle, tendon, and ligament. In these other musculoskeletal tissues, estrogen improves muscle mass and strength, and increases the collagen content of connective tissues. However, unlike bone and muscle where estrogen improves function, in tendons and ligaments estrogen decreases stiffness, and this directly affects performance and injury rates. High estrogen levels can decrease power and performance and make women more prone for catastrophic ligament injury. The goal of the current work is to review the research that forms the basis of our understanding how estrogen affects muscle, tendon, and ligament and how hormonal manipulation can be used to optimize performance and promote female participation in an active lifestyle at any age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nkechinyere Chidi-Ogbolu
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Keith Baar
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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20
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Montalvo RN, Counts BR, Carson JA. Understanding sex differences in the regulation of cancer-induced muscle wasting. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 2018; 12:394-403. [PMID: 30102621 PMCID: PMC6239206 DOI: 10.1097/spc.0000000000000380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We highlight evidence for sexual dimorphism in preclinical and clinical studies investigating the cause and treatment of cancer cachexia. RECENT FINDINGS Cancer cachexia is unintended bodyweight loss occurring with cancer, and skeletal muscle wasting is a critical predictor of negative outcomes in the cancer patient. Skeletal muscle exhibits sexual dimorphism in fiber type, function, and regeneration capacity. Sex differences have been implicated in skeletal muscle metabolism, mitochondrial function, immune response to injury, and myogenic stem cell regulation. All of these processes have the potential to be involved in cancer-induced muscle wasting. Unfortunately, the vast majority of published studies examining cancer cachexia in preclinical models or cancer patients either have not accounted for sex in their design or have exclusively studied males. Preclinical studies have established that ovarian function and estradiol can affect skeletal muscle function, metabolism and mass; ovarian function has also been implicated in the sensitivity of circulating inflammatory cytokines and the progression of cachexia. SUMMARY Females and males have unique characteristics that effect skeletal muscle's microenvironment and intrinsic signaling. These differences provide a strong rationale for distinct causes for cancer cachexia development and treatment in males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan N Montalvo
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Public Health Research Center, Columbia, USA
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Vassilakos G, Lei H, Yang Y, Puglise J, Matheny M, Durzynska J, Ozery M, Bennett K, Spradlin R, Bonanno H, Park S, Ahima RS, Barton ER. Deletion of muscle IGF-I transiently impairs growth and progressively disrupts glucose homeostasis in male mice. FASEB J 2018; 33:181-194. [PMID: 29932867 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800459r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are essential for local skeletal muscle growth and organismal physiology, but these actions are entwined with glucose homeostasis through convergence with insulin signaling. The objective of this work was to determine whether the effects of IGF-I on growth and metabolism could be separated. We generated muscle-specific IGF-I-deficient (MID) mice that afford inducible deletion of Igf1 at any age. After Igf1 deletion at birth or in young adult mice, evaluations of muscle physiology and glucose homeostasis were performed up to 16 wk of age. MID mice generated at birth had lower muscle and circulating IGF-I, decreased muscle and body mass, and impaired muscle force production. Eight-wk-old male MID had heightened insulin levels with trends of elevated fasting glucose. This phenotype progressed to impaired glucose handling and increased fat deposition without significant muscle mass loss at 16 wk of age. The same phenotype emerged in 16-wk-old MID mice induced at 12 wk of age, compounded with heightened muscle fatigability and exercise intolerance. We assert that muscle IGF-I independently modulates anabolism and metabolism in an age-dependent manner, thus positioning muscle IGF-I maintenance to be critical for both muscle growth and metabolic homeostasis.-Vassilakos, G., Lei, H., Yang, Y., Puglise, J., Matheny, M., Durzynska, J., Ozery, M., Bennett, K., Spradlin, R., Bonanno, H., Park, S., Ahima, R. S., Barton, E. R. Deletion of muscle IGF-I transiently impairs growth and progressively disrupts glucose homeostasis in male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Vassilakos
- Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Hanqin Lei
- Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Yun Yang
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University-West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jason Puglise
- Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Michael Matheny
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Julia Durzynska
- Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Molecular Virology, Institute of Experimental Biology, A. Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Matan Ozery
- Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Katherine Bennett
- Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ray Spradlin
- Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Heather Bonanno
- Animal Care Services, Cancer and Genetics Research Complex, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Soohyun Park
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rexford S Ahima
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Elisabeth R Barton
- Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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22
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TORNBERG ÅSAB, MELIN ANNA, KOIVULA FIONAMANDERSON, JOHANSSON ANDERS, SKOUBY SVEN, FABER JENS, SJÖDIN ANDERS. Reduced Neuromuscular Performance in Amenorrheic Elite Endurance Athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017; 49:2478-2485. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Leon AS. Attenuation of Adverse Effects of Aging on Skeletal Muscle by Regular Exercise and Nutritional Support. Am J Lifestyle Med 2017; 11:4-16. [PMID: 30202306 PMCID: PMC6124840 DOI: 10.1177/1559827615589319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Beginning early in midlife, natural/primary aging is inevitably associated with a progressive reduction in muscle mass and function. This process can progress with aging to a substantial loss of strength, particularly in the lower extremities, reducing mobility. This condition, commonly referred to as sarcopenia, can result in frailty, reducing one's ability to live independently. This article reviews the underlying biological process contributing to the development of sarcopenia and the roles of regular exercise and nutritional support for attenuating aging-associated muscle loss as well as risk and management of sarcopenia and associated frailty.
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24
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Vandenboom R. Modulation of Skeletal Muscle Contraction by Myosin Phosphorylation. Compr Physiol 2016; 7:171-212. [PMID: 28135003 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c150044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The striated muscle sarcomere is a highly organized and complex enzymatic and structural organelle. Evolutionary pressures have played a vital role in determining the structure-function relationship of each protein within the sarcomere. A key part of this multimeric assembly is the light chain-binding domain (LCBD) of the myosin II motor molecule. This elongated "beam" functions as a biological lever, amplifying small interdomain movements within the myosin head into piconewton forces and nanometer displacements against the thin filament during the cross-bridge cycle. The LCBD contains two subunits known as the essential and regulatory myosin light chains (ELC and RLC, respectively). Isoformic differences in these respective species provide molecular diversity and, in addition, sites for phosphorylation of serine residues, a highly conserved feature of striated muscle systems. Work on permeabilized skeletal fibers and thick filament systems shows that the skeletal myosin light chain kinase catalyzed phosphorylation of the RLC alters the "interacting head motif" of myosin motor heads on the thick filament surface, with myriad consequences for muscle biology. At rest, structure-function changes may upregulate actomyosin ATPase activity of phosphorylated cross-bridges. During activation, these same changes may increase the Ca2+ sensitivity of force development to enhance force, work, and power output, outcomes known as "potentiation." Thus, although other mechanisms may contribute, RLC phosphorylation may represent a form of thick filament activation that provides a "molecular memory" of contraction. The clinical significance of these RLC phosphorylation mediated alterations to contractile performance of various striated muscle systems are just beginning to be understood. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:171-212, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene Vandenboom
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, Ontario, Canada
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25
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Peng XG, Wang Y, Zhang S, Bai Y, Mao H, Teng GJ, Ju S. Noninvasive assessment of age, gender, and exercise effects on skeletal muscle: Initial experience with T 1 ρ MRI of calf muscle. J Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 46:61-70. [PMID: 27862560 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To prospectively investigate age- and gender-related changes in the fast-twitch (tibialis anterior, TA) and slow-twitch (soleus, SOL) skeletal muscle of healthy rats and volunteers and to compare the exercise-related difference in health volunteers with T1 ρ magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS In all, 18 rats and 70 humans were involved in this study. For the animal study, T1 ρ relaxation times were measured in the TA and SOL rat muscle with a 3.0T MRI scanner and compared to histological data. For the human study, three groups (young, middle-aged, and elderly) of volunteers underwent T1 ρ MRI scans (3.0T) of their calves. To further differentiate the human scans, 18 volunteers were recruited, half of them (n = 9) routinely trained with high-intensity sports, while the other half (n = 9) with no physical training. Statistical analysis was performed via paired t-test, independent-sample t-test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Correlations between T1 ρ and age/gender/physical endurance were calculated. RESULTS The average T1 ρ relaxation times of the TA and SOL of female rats were higher than that of male rats (P < 0.001). The T1 ρ relaxation time of TA was significantly lower compared to SOL (P < 0.001). A significant linear correlation was observed between T1 ρ and the type I slow-twitch fiber proportion (%) in SOL (R2 = 0.837, P < 0.001). Similarly, in human studies the average T1 ρ relaxation times of TA were significantly lower than SOL for all age groups (P < 0.001). The higher T1 ρ relaxation times of TA and SOL in the elderly volunteers (P < 0.001) and in the females (P < 0.05) indicated significant age- and gender-dependent differences. In high-intensity sports groups, the higher T1 ρ in SOL (P < 0.01) and lower in TA (P < 0.05) were observed compared with the control group. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that T1 ρ MRI can be used to display the differences in fast- and slow-twitch skeletal muscle as well as potentially age-, gender-, and exercise-related differences. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 1 J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;46:61-70.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Gui Peng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yuancheng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Shijun Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Bai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Hui Mao
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Gao-Jun Teng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Shenghong Ju
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
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26
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Kim YJ, Tamadon A, Park HT, Kim H, Ku SY. The role of sex steroid hormones in the pathophysiology and treatment of sarcopenia. Osteoporos Sarcopenia 2016; 2:140-155. [PMID: 30775480 PMCID: PMC6372754 DOI: 10.1016/j.afos.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex steroids influence the maintenance and growth of muscles. Decline in androgens, estrogens and progesterone by aging leads to the loss of muscular function and mass, sarcopenia. These steroid hormones can interact with different signaling pathways through their receptors. To date, sex steroid hormone receptors and their exact roles are not completely defined in skeletal and smooth muscles. Although numerous studies focused on the effects of sex steroid hormones on different types of cells, still many unexplained molecular mechanisms in both skeletal and smooth muscle cells remain to be investigated. In this paper, many different molecular mechanisms that are activated or inhibited by sex steroids and those that influence the growth, proliferation, and differentiation of skeletal and smooth muscle cells are reviewed. Also, the similarities of cellular and molecular pathways of androgens, estrogens and progesterone in both skeletal and smooth muscle cells are highlighted. The reviewed signaling pathways and participating molecules can be targeted in the future development of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jin Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Guro Hospital, South Korea
| | - Amin Tamadon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Tae Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, South Korea
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Yup Ku
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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27
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Carson JA, Hardee JP, VanderVeen BN. The emerging role of skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism as a biological target and cellular regulator of cancer-induced muscle wasting. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 54:53-67. [PMID: 26593326 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
While skeletal muscle mass is an established primary outcome related to understanding cancer cachexia mechanisms, considerable gaps exist in our understanding of muscle biochemical and functional properties that have recognized roles in systemic health. Skeletal muscle quality is a classification beyond mass, and is aligned with muscle's metabolic capacity and substrate utilization flexibility. This supplies an additional role for the mitochondria in cancer-induced muscle wasting. While the historical assessment of mitochondria content and function during cancer-induced muscle loss was closely aligned with energy flux and wasting susceptibility, this understanding has expanded to link mitochondria dysfunction to cellular processes regulating myofiber wasting. The primary objective of this article is to highlight muscle mitochondria and oxidative metabolism as a biological target of cancer cachexia and also as a cellular regulator of cancer-induced muscle wasting. Initially, we examine the role of muscle metabolic phenotype and mitochondria content in cancer-induced wasting susceptibility. We then assess the evidence for cancer-induced regulation of skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, mitophagy, and oxidative stress. In addition, we discuss environments associated with cancer cachexia that can impact the regulation of skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism. The article also examines the role of cytokine-mediated regulation of mitochondria function, followed by the potential role of cancer-induced hypogonadism. Lastly, a role for decreased muscle use in cancer-induced mitochondrial dysfunction is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Carson
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly St., Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
| | - Justin P Hardee
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly St., Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Brandon N VanderVeen
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly St., Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
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28
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MacDonald TL, Ritchie KL, Davies S, Hamilton MJ, Cervone DT, Dyck DJ. Exercise training is an effective alternative to estrogen supplementation for improving glucose homeostasis in ovariectomized rats. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/11/e12617. [PMID: 26603453 PMCID: PMC4673645 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The irreversible loss of estrogen (specifically 17-β-estradiol; E2) compromises whole-body glucose tolerance in women. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is frequently prescribed to treat estrogen deficiency, but has several deleterious side effects. Exercise has been proposed as an HRT substitute, however, their relative abilities to treat glucose intolerance are unknown. Thirty ovariectomized (OVX) and 20 SHAM (control) rats underwent glucose tolerance tests (GTT) 10 weeks post surgery. Area under the curve (AUC) for OVX rats was 60% greater than SHAM controls (P = 0.0005). Rats were then randomly assigned to the following treatment groups: SHAM sedentary (sed) or exercise (ex; 60 min, 5×/weeks), OVX sed, ex, or E2 (28 μg/kg bw/day) for 4 weeks. OVX ex rats experienced a ∼45% improvement in AUC relative to OVX sed rats, whereas OVX E2 underwent a partial reduction (17%; P = 0.08). Maximal insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in soleus and EDL was not impaired in OVX rats, or augmented with exercise or E2. Akt phosphorylation did not differ in soleus, EDL, or liver of any group. However, OVX ex and OVX E2 experienced greater increases in p-Akt Ser473 in VAT and SQ tissues compared with SHAM and OVX sed groups. Mitochondrial markers CS, COXIV, and core1 were increased in soleus posttraining in OVX ex rats. The content of COXIV was reduced by 52% and 61% in SQ of OVX sed and E2 rats, compared to SHAM controls, but fully restored in OVX ex rats. In summary, exercise restores glucose tolerance in OVX rats more effectively than E2. This is not reflected by alterations in muscle maximal insulin response, but increased insulin signaling in adipose depots may underlie whole-body improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara L MacDonald
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kerry L Ritchie
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Davies
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melissa J Hamilton
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel T Cervone
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - David J Dyck
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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29
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Carson JA, Manolagas SC. Effects of sex steroids on bones and muscles: Similarities, parallels, and putative interactions in health and disease. Bone 2015; 80:67-78. [PMID: 26453497 PMCID: PMC4600533 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Estrogens and androgens influence the growth and maintenance of bones and muscles and are responsible for their sexual dimorphism. A decline in their circulating levels leads to loss of mass and functional integrity in both tissues. In the article, we highlight the similarities of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of action of sex steroids in the two tissues; the commonality of a critical role of mechanical forces on tissue mass and function; emerging evidence for an interplay between mechanical forces and hormonal and growth factor signals in both bones and muscles; as well as the current state of evidence for or against a cross-talk between muscles and bone. In addition, we review evidence for the parallels in the development of osteoporosis and sarcopenia with advancing age and the potential common mechanisms responsible for the age-dependent involution of these two tissues. Lastly, we discuss the striking difference in the availability of several drug therapies for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, as compared to none for sarcopenia. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Muscle Bone Interactions".
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Carson
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - Stavros C Manolagas
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, USA.
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30
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Haizlip KM, Harrison BC, Leinwand LA. Sex-based differences in skeletal muscle kinetics and fiber-type composition. Physiology (Bethesda) 2015; 30:30-9. [PMID: 25559153 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00024.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have identified over 3,000 genes that are differentially expressed in male and female skeletal muscle. Here, we review the sex-based differences in skeletal muscle fiber composition, myosin heavy chain expression, contractile function, and the regulation of these physiological differences by thyroid hormone, estrogen, and testosterone. The findings presented lay the basis for the continued work needed to fully understand the skeletal muscle differences between males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Haizlip
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - B C Harrison
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - L A Leinwand
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
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31
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Froehle AW, Hopkins SR, Natarajan L, Schoeninger MJ. Moderate to high levels of exercise are associated with higher resting energy expenditure in community-dwelling postmenopausal women. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2013; 38:1147-53. [PMID: 24053522 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2013-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Postmenopausal women experience an age-related decline in resting energy expenditure (REE), which is a risk factor for energy imbalance and metabolic disease. Exercise, because of its association with greater lean tissue mass and other factors, has the potential to mediate REE decline, but the relation between exercise and REE in postmenopausal women is not well characterized. This study tests the hypothesis that exercise energy expenditure (EEE) is positively associated with REE and can counter the effects of age and menopause. It involves a cross-sectional sample of 31 healthy postmenopausal women (aged 49-72 years) with habitual exercise volumes at or above levels consistent with current clinical recommendations. Subjects kept exercise diaries for 4 weeks that quantified exercise activity and were measured for body composition, maximal oxygen uptake, and REE. Multiple regression analysis was used to test for associations between EEE, age, body composition, and REE. There was a significant positive relation between EEE and lean tissue mass (fat-free mass and fat-free mass index). The relation between REE and EEE remained significant even after controlling for lean tissue mass. These results support the hypothesis that exercise is positively associated with REE and can counter the negative effects of age and menopause. They also indicate a continuous relation between exercise and REE across ranges of exercise, from moderate to high. Exercise at levels that are at or above current clinical guidelines might, in part, ameliorate the risk for energy imbalance and metabolic disease because of its positive relation with REE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Froehle
- a Department of Anthropology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093-0532, USA
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32
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Tiidus PM, Lowe DA, Brown M. Estrogen replacement and skeletal muscle: mechanisms and population health. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2013; 115:569-78. [PMID: 23869062 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00629.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing body of information supporting the beneficial effects of estrogen and estrogen-based hormone therapy (HT) on maintenance and enhancement of muscle mass, strength, and connective tissue. These effects are also evident in enhanced recovery from muscle atrophy or damage and have significant implications particularly for the muscular health of postmenopausal women. Evidence suggests that HT will also help maintain or increase muscle mass, improve postatrophy muscle recovery, and enhance muscle strength in aged females. This is important because this population, in particular, is at risk for a rapid onset of frailty. The potential benefits of estrogen and HT relative to skeletal muscle function and composition combined with other health-related enhancements associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular events, overall mortality, and metabolic dysfunction, as well as enhanced cognition and bone health cumulate in a strong argument for more widespread and prolonged consideration of HT if started proximal to menopausal onset in most women. Earlier reports of increased health risks with HT use in postmenopausal women has led to a decline in HT use. However, recent reevaluation regarding the health effects of HT indicates a general lack of risks and a number of significant health benefits of HT use when initiated at the onset of menopause. Although further research is still needed to fully delineate its mechanisms of action, the general use of HT by postmenopausal women, to enhance muscle mass and strength, as well as overall health, with initiation soon after the onset of menopause should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Tiidus
- Department of Kinesology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo Ontario, Canada
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