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Venditti A, Bianco A. Sulfur-containing Secondary Metabolites as Neuroprotective Agents. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:4421-4436. [PMID: 30207214 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180912105036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur-containing secondary metabolites are a relatively small group of substances of plant origin. The present review is focused on their neuroprotective properties. The results obtained in a series of in vitro and in vivo studies are reported. Among glucosinolates, the wide class of compounds in the sulfur-containing metabolites, glucoraphanin, sulforaphane and isothiocyanates proved to be the more studied in this context and showed interesting properties as modulators of several systems involved in the pathogenesis of neurologic diseases such as oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. Allium sativum L. (garlic) is widely known for its sulfur-containing components endowed with health-promoting activities and its medicinal properties are known from ancient times. In recent studies, garlic components proved active in neuroprotection due to the direct and indirect antioxidant properties, modulation of apoptosis mediators and inhibiting the formation of amyloid protein. Dihydroasparagusic acid, the first dimercaptanic compound isolated from a natural source, effectively inhibited inflammatory and oxidative processes that are important factors for the etiopathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, not only for its antioxidant and radical scavenging properties but also because it may down-regulate the expression of several microglial-derived inflammatory mediators. Serofendic acid represents a rare case of sulfur-containing animal-derived secondary metabolite isolated from fetal calf serum extract. It proved effective in the suppression of ROS generation and in the expression of several inflammatory and apoptosis mediators and showed a cytotrophic property in astrocytes, promoting the stellation process. Lastly, the properties of hydrogen sulfide were also reported since in recent times it has been recognized as a signaling molecule and as a mediator in regulating neuron death or survival. It may be produced endogenously from cysteine but may also be released by sulfur-containing secondary metabolites, mainly from those present in garlic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Venditti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Universita di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Armandodoriano Bianco
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Universita di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
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Makitani K, Nakagawa S, Izumi Y, Akaike A, Kume T. Inhibitory effect of donepezil on bradykinin-induced increase in the intracellular calcium concentration in cultured cortical astrocytes. J Pharmacol Sci 2017; 134:37-44. [PMID: 28499726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Donepezil is a potent and selective acetylcholinesterase inhibitor developed for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. In the present study, we investigated the responses of astrocytes to bradykinin, an inflammatory mediator, and the effect of donepezil on these responses using cultured cortical astrocytes. Bradykinin induced a transient increase of intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in cultured astrocytes. Bradykinin-induced [Ca2+]i increase was inhibited by the exposure to thapsigargin, which depletes Ca2+ stores on endoplasmic reticulum, but not by the exclusion of extracellular Ca2+. Twenty four hours pretreatment of donepezil reduced the bradykinin-induced [Ca2+]i increase. This reduction was inhibited not only by mecamylamine, a nAChR antagonist, but also by PI3K and Akt inhibitors. In addition, donepezil inhibited bradykinin-induced increase of the intracellular reactive oxygen species level in astrocytes. These results suggest that donepezil inhibits the inflammatory response induced by bradykinin via nAChR and PI3K-Akt pathway in astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouki Makitani
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shota Nakagawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Izumi
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Akinori Akaike
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Kume
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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Masutomi H, Kawashima S, Kondo Y, Uchida Y, Jang B, Choi EK, Kim YS, Shimokado K, Ishigami A. Induction of peptidylarginine deiminase 2 and 3 by dibutyryl cAMP via cAMP-PKA signaling in human astrocytoma U-251MG cells. J Neurosci Res 2016; 95:1503-1512. [PMID: 27704563 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) are posttranslational modification enzymes that citrullinate (deiminate) protein arginine residues in a calcium-dependent manner, yielding citrulline residues. Enzymatic citrullination abolishes positive charges of native protein molecules, inevitably causing significant alterations in their structure and function. Previously, we reported the abnormal accumulation of citrullinated proteins and an increase of PAD2 content in hippocampi of patients with Alzheimer disease. In this study, we investigated PAD expression by using dibutyryl cAMP (dbcAMP) in human astrocytoma U-251MG cells. Under normal culture conditions, PAD2 and PAD3 mRNA expression is detectable with quantitative PCR in U-251MG cells. The addition of dbcAMP in a dose-dependent manner significantly increased this mRNA expression and protein levels. Moreover, PAD enzyme activity also increased significantly and dose-dependently. Furthermore, the expression of PAD2 and PAD3 mRNA was inhibited by the cAMP-dependent PKA inhibitor KT5720, suggesting that such expression of dbcAMP-induced PAD2 and PAD3 mRNA is mediated by the cAMP-PKA signaling pathway in U-251MG cells. This is the first report to document the PAD2 and PAD3 mRNA expression induced by dbcAMP and to attribute the induction of these genes to mediation by the cAMP-PKA signaling pathway in U-251MG cells. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Masutomi
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.,Geriatrics and Vascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saki Kawashima
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kondo
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Uchida
- Research & Development Division, Fujirebio Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Byungki Jang
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Eun-Kyoung Choi
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Yong-Sun Kim
- Ilsong Institute of Life Science, Hallym University, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Kentaro Shimokado
- Geriatrics and Vascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihito Ishigami
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Rodriguez-Pallares J, Rodriguez-Perez AI, Muñoz A, Parga JA, Toledo-Aral JJ, Labandeira-Garcia JL. Effects of Rho Kinase Inhibitors on Grafts of Dopaminergic Cell Precursors in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:804-15. [PMID: 27075764 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED In models of Parkinson's disease (PD), Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitors have antiapoptotic and axon-stabilizing effects on damaged neurons, decrease the neuroinflammatory response, and protect against dopaminergic neuron death and axonal retraction. ROCK inhibitors have also shown protective effects against apoptosis induced by handling and dissociation of several types of stem cells. However, the effect of ROCK inhibitors on dopaminergic cell grafts has not been investigated. In the present study, treatment of dopaminergic cell suspension with ROCK inhibitors yielded significant decreases in the number of surviving dopaminergic neurons, in the density of graft-derived dopaminergic fibers, and in graft vascularization. Dopaminergic neuron death also markedly increased in primary mesencephalic cultures when the cell suspension was treated with ROCK inhibitors before plating, which suggests that decreased angiogenesis is not the only factor leading to cell death in grafts. Interestingly, treatment of the host 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats with ROCK inhibitors induced a slight, nonsignificant increase in the number of surviving neurons, as well as marked increases in the density of graft-derived dopaminergic fibers and the size of the striatal reinnervated area. The study findings discourage treatment of cell suspensions before grafting. However, treatment of the host induces a marked increase in graft-derived striatal reinnervation. Because ROCK inhibitors have also exerted neuroprotective effects in several models of PD, treatment of the host with ROCK inhibitors, currently used against vascular diseases in clinical practice, before and after grafting may be a useful adjuvant to cell therapy in PD. SIGNIFICANCE Cell-replacement therapy is one promising therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). However, many questions must be addressed before widespread application. Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitors have been used in a variety of applications associated with stem cell research and may be an excellent strategy for improving survival of grafted neurons and graft-derived dopaminergic innervation. The present results discourage the treatment of suspensions of dopaminergic precursors with ROCK inhibitors in the pregrafting period. However, treatment of the host (patients with PD) with ROCK inhibitors, currently used against vascular diseases, may be a useful adjuvant to cell therapy in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannette Rodriguez-Pallares
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I Rodriguez-Perez
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Muñoz
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan A Parga
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J Toledo-Aral
- Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Department de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Hospital Virgen del Rocío/Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Jose L Labandeira-Garcia
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Department of Morphological Sciences, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Zou L, Xu X, Zhai Z, Yang T, Jin J, Xiao F, Wang C. Identification of downstream target genes regulated by the nitric oxide-soluble guanylate cyclase-cyclic guanosine monophosphate signal pathway in pulmonary hypertension. J Int Med Res 2016; 44:508-19. [PMID: 27048385 PMCID: PMC5536717 DOI: 10.1177/0300060516636751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the downstream target genes regulated by the nitric oxide–soluble guanylate cyclase–cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO-sGC-cGMP) signal pathway and their possible roles in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Methods Digital gene expression tag profiling was performed to identify genes that are differentially expressed after activation of the NO-sGC-cGMP signal pathway in human pulmonary artery smooth muscles cells using 8-bromo-cyclic guanosine monophosphate, BAY 41-2272 and BAY 60-2770. Results were confirmed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Gene ontology and signal transduction network analyses were also performed. Results A number of genes were differentially expressed, including MMP1, SERPINB2, GREM1 and IL8. A total of 68 gene ontology terms and seven pathways were found to be associated with these genes. Most of these genes are involved in cell proliferation, cell migration and apoptosis, which may contribute to the pathological pulmonary vascular remodelling in PH. Conclusion These results may provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Zou
- Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital & Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomao Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenguo Zhai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Junhua Jin
- Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital & Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital & Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, China
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Hernández-Jiménez M, Martínez-López D, Gabandé-Rodríguez E, Martín-Segura A, Lizasoain I, Ledesma MD, Dotti CG, Moro MA. Seladin-1/DHCR24 Is Neuroprotective by Associating EAAT2 Glutamate Transporter to Lipid Rafts in Experimental Stroke. Stroke 2016; 47:206-13. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.115.010810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background and Purpose—
3β-Hydroxysteroid-Δ24 reductase (DHCR24) or selective alzheimer disease indicator 1 (seladin-1), an enzyme of cholesterol biosynthetic pathway, has been implicated in neuroprotection, oxidative stress, and inflammation. However, its role in ischemic stroke remains unexplored. The aim of this study was to characterize the effect of seladin-1/DHCR24 using an experimental stroke model in mice.
Methods—
Dhcr24
+/−
and wild-type (WT) mice were subjected to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. In another set of experiments, WT mice were treated intraperitoneally either with vehicle or U18666A (seladin-1/DHCR24 inhibitor, 10 mg/kg) 30 minutes after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Brains were removed 48 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion for infarct volume determination. For protein expression determination, peri-infarct region was obtained 24 h after ischemia, and Western blot or cytometric bead array was performed.
Results—
Dhcr24
+/
−
mice displayed larger infarct volumes after middle cerebral artery occlusion than their WT littermates. Treatment of WT mice with the seladin-1/DHCR24 inhibitor U18666A also increased ischemic lesion. Inflammation-related mediators were increased after ischemia in
Dhcr24
+/
−
mice compared with WT counterparts. Consistent with a role of cholesterol in proper function of glutamate transporter EAAT2 in membrane lipid rafts, we found a decreased association of EAAT2 with lipid rafts after ischemia when DHCR24 is genetically deleted or pharmacologically inhibited. Accordingly, treatment with U18666A decreases [
3
H]-glutamate uptake in cultured astrocytes.
Conclusions—
These results support the idea that lipid raft integrity, ensured by seladin-1/DHCR24, plays a crucial protective role in the ischemic brain by guaranteeing EAAT2-mediated uptake of glutamate excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Hernández-Jiménez
- From the Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense and Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain (M.H.-J., D.M.-L., I.L., M.A.M.); and Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC, Madrid, Spain (E.G.-R., A.M.-S., M.D.L., C.G.D.)
| | - Diego Martínez-López
- From the Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense and Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain (M.H.-J., D.M.-L., I.L., M.A.M.); and Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC, Madrid, Spain (E.G.-R., A.M.-S., M.D.L., C.G.D.)
| | - Enrique Gabandé-Rodríguez
- From the Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense and Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain (M.H.-J., D.M.-L., I.L., M.A.M.); and Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC, Madrid, Spain (E.G.-R., A.M.-S., M.D.L., C.G.D.)
| | - Adrian Martín-Segura
- From the Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense and Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain (M.H.-J., D.M.-L., I.L., M.A.M.); and Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC, Madrid, Spain (E.G.-R., A.M.-S., M.D.L., C.G.D.)
| | - Ignacio Lizasoain
- From the Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense and Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain (M.H.-J., D.M.-L., I.L., M.A.M.); and Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC, Madrid, Spain (E.G.-R., A.M.-S., M.D.L., C.G.D.)
| | - María D. Ledesma
- From the Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense and Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain (M.H.-J., D.M.-L., I.L., M.A.M.); and Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC, Madrid, Spain (E.G.-R., A.M.-S., M.D.L., C.G.D.)
| | - Carlos G. Dotti
- From the Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense and Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain (M.H.-J., D.M.-L., I.L., M.A.M.); and Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC, Madrid, Spain (E.G.-R., A.M.-S., M.D.L., C.G.D.)
| | - María A. Moro
- From the Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense and Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain (M.H.-J., D.M.-L., I.L., M.A.M.); and Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC, Madrid, Spain (E.G.-R., A.M.-S., M.D.L., C.G.D.)
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Nishiyama K, Morioka A, Kita S, Nakajima H, Iwamoto T, Azuma YT, Takeuchi T. Na/Ca(2+) exchanger 1 transgenic mice display increased relaxation in the distal colon. Pharmacology 2014; 94:230-8. [PMID: 25427675 DOI: 10.1159/000363246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger 1 (NCX1) is a plasma membrane transporter involved in regulating intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations. NCX1 is critical for Ca(2+) regulation in cardiac muscle, vascular smooth muscle and nerve fibers. However, little is known about the physiological role of NCX1 in gastrointestinal motility. To determine the role of NCX1 in gastrointestinal tissues, we examined electric field stimulation (EFS)-induced responses in the longitudinal smooth muscle of the distal colon in smooth muscle-specific NCX1 transgenic mice (Tg). Tg show that NCX1 protein was overexpressed in the distal colon at a level twofold greater than that of endogenous NCX1. We found that the amplitudes of EFS-induced relaxation that persisted during EFS were greater in Tg than in wild-type mice (WT). Under the nonadrenergic, noncholinergic condition, the EFS-induced relaxation in Tg was also greater than that in WT. Inhibition of NO synthase, CO synthase, soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), and protein kinase G (PKG) all attenuated the enhanced relaxation in Tg, demonstrating the importance of NCX1 in NO/sGC/PKG signaling. The action of NOR-1, an NO donor, induced enhanced relaxation in Tg compared with that in WT. Unlike NOR-1, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide and vasoactive intestinal peptide induced a similar relaxation in Tg compared with that in WT. In this study, we demonstrate that NCX1 plays an important role in smooth muscle motility in the mouse distal colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Nishiyama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Division of Veterinary Science, Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Osaka, Japan
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8
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Borrajo A, Rodriguez-Perez AI, Villar-Cheda B, Guerra MJ, Labandeira-Garcia JL. Inhibition of the microglial response is essential for the neuroprotective effects of Rho-kinase inhibitors on MPTP-induced dopaminergic cell death. Neuropharmacology 2014; 85:1-8. [PMID: 24878243 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Several recent studies have shown that activation of the RhoA/Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) pathway is involved in the MPTP-induced dopaminergic cell degeneration and possibly in Parkinson's disease. ROCK inhibitors have been suggested as candidate neuroprotective drugs for Parkinson's disease. However, the mechanism responsible for the increased survival of dopaminergic neurons after treatment with ROCK inhibitors is not clear. We exposed primary (neuron-glia) mesencephalic cultures, cultures of the MES 23.5 dopaminergic neuron cell line and primary mesencephalic cultures lacking microglial cells to the dopaminergic neurotoxin MPP+ and the ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 in order to study the effects of ROCK inhibition on dopaminergic cell loss and the length of neurites of surviving dopaminergic neurons. In primary (neuron-glia) cultures, simultaneous treatment with MPP+ and the ROCK inhibitor significantly reduced the loss of dopaminergic neurons. In the absence of microglia, treatment with the ROCK inhibitor did not induce a significant reduction in the dopaminergic cell loss. Treatment with the ROCK inhibitor induced a significant decrease in axonal retraction in primary cultures with and without microglia and in cultures of the MES 23.5 neuron cell line. In conclusion, inhibition of microglial ROCK is essential for the neuroprotective effects of ROCK inhibitors against cell death induced by the dopaminergic neurotoxin MPP+. In addition, ROCK inhibition induced a direct effect against axonal retraction in surviving neurons. However, the latter effect was not sufficient to cause a significant increase in the survival of dopaminergic neurons after treatment with MPP+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Borrajo
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Dept. of Morphological Sciences, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Ana I Rodriguez-Perez
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Dept. of Morphological Sciences, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Begoña Villar-Cheda
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Dept. of Morphological Sciences, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Maria J Guerra
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Dept. of Morphological Sciences, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - Jose L Labandeira-Garcia
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy and Experimental Neurology, Dept. of Morphological Sciences, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Spain.
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9
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Abd-El-Basset EM. Process formation in astroglia: scanning electron microscopy study. J Histotechnol 2013; 36:135-141. [DOI: 10.1179/2046023613y.0000000031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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10
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Fang KM, Liu YY, Lin CH, Fan SS, Tsai CH, Tzeng SF. Mps one binder 2 gene upregulation in the stellation of astrocytes induced by cAMP-dependent pathway. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:3019-28. [PMID: 22566124 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes, the major glial population in the central nervous system (CNS), play an important role in neuronal homeostasis, neurogenesis, and synaptogenesis. The cells have a stellate shape with elaborated processes in the developing CNS. Cultured astrocytes become stellate when the cells undergo differentiation in response to stimuli. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism for astrocytic stellation is poorly understood. Here, we showed that the addition of serum induced a flat polygonal shape in cultured astrocytes with a reduced level of Mps one binder 2 (Mob2) that is involved in neurite growth by forming stable complex with a nuclear Ser/Thr kinase Dbf2-related protein kinase 1 (NDR1). Furthermore, exposure to a membrane permeable cAMP analogue, dbcAMP, not only induced astrocytic stellation, but also caused an increase in Mob2 expression. Similarly, the upregulation of Mob2 mRNA expression was induced by exposure of astrocytes to pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP). Pretreatment with a cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, KT-5720, significantly blocked the effect of dbcAMP and PACAP on induced upregulation of Mob2 mRNA expression in astrocytes. In addition, the process withdrawal of dbcAMP-treated astrocytes was caused by the inhibition of Mob2 expression using lentivirus-mediated Mob2 shRNA delivery system. Based on our findings, we suggest that Mob2 is involved in PKA signaling-mediated astrocytic stellation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Min Fang
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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11
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Involvement of microglial RhoA/Rho-Kinase pathway activation in the dopaminergic neuron death. Role of angiotensin via angiotensin type 1 receptors. Neurobiol Dis 2012; 47:268-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2012.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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