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Hradilek P, Revendova KZ, Horakova J, Bunganic R, Pelisek O, Zeman D, Hanzlikova P, Kusnierova P. Cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light chains and CXCL13 as predictive factors for clinical course of multiple sclerosis. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2023; 167:30-35. [PMID: 36695545 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2023.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to identify whether NfL and CXCL13 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations at diagnostic lumbar puncture can predict the course of multiple sclerosis (MS) in terms of relapses, higher expanded disability status scale (EDSS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) activity. METHODS We conducted a single-centre prospective observational cohort study at the MS center, University Hospital Ostrava, Czech Republic. CSF NfL (cNfL) and CXCL13 concentrations were examined (ELISA method) in patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) at the time of diagnostic lumbar puncture. RESULTS A total of 44 patients with CIS or early RRMS were enrolled, 31 (70.5%) of whom were women. The median age at the time of CSF sampling was 31.21 years (IQR 25.43-39.32), and the follow-up period was 54.6 months (IQR 44.03-59.48). In the simple and multiple logistic regression models, CXCL13 levels did not predict relapses, MRI activity or EDSS > 2.5. Similarly, cNfL concentrations did not predict relapses or MRI activity in either model. In the multiple regression, higher cNfL levels were associated with reaching EDSS > 2.5 (odds ratio [OR] 1.002, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.000 to 1.003). CONCLUSIONS Our data did not confirm cNfL and/or CXCL13 CSF levels were predictive factors for disease activity such as relapses and MRI activity at the time of diagnostic lumbar puncture in patients with RRMS. While cNfL CSF levels predicted higher disability only after adjustment for other known risk factors, elevated CSF CXCL13 did not predict higher disability at all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Hradilek
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Zondra Revendova
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Horakova
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Radovan Bunganic
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Pelisek
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Zeman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Hanzlikova
- Department of Imaging Methods, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlina Kusnierova
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
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2
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Ölander C, Edvardsson Rasmussen J, Eriksson PO, Laurell G, Rask-Andersen H, Bergquist J. The proteome of the human endolymphatic sac endolymph. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11850. [PMID: 34088924 PMCID: PMC8178308 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89597-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The endolymphatic sac (ES) is the third part of the inner ear, along with the cochlea and vestibular apparatus. A refined sampling technique was developed to analyse the proteomics of ES endolymph. With a tailored solid phase micro-extraction probe, five ES endolymph samples were collected, and six sac tissue biopsies were obtained in patients undergoing trans-labyrinthine surgery for sporadic vestibular schwannoma. The samples were analysed using nano-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (nLC-MS/MS) to identify the total number of proteins. Pathway identification regarding molecular function and protein class was presented. A total of 1656 non-redundant proteins were identified, with 1211 proteins detected in the ES endolymph. A total of 110 proteins were unique to the ES endolymph. The results from the study both validate a strategy for in vivo and in situ human sampling during surgery and may also form a platform for further investigations to better understand the function of this intriguing part of the inner ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Ölander
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jesper Edvardsson Rasmussen
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Olof Eriksson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Göran Laurell
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helge Rask-Andersen
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Analytical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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3
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Caminati G, Procacci P. Mounting evidence of FKBP12 implication in neurodegeneration. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:2195-2202. [PMID: 32594030 PMCID: PMC7749462 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.284980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered proteins, such as tau or α-synuclein, have long been associated with a dysfunctional role in neurodegenerative diseases. In Alzheimer's and Parkinson's' diseases, these proteins, sharing a common chemical-physical pattern with alternating hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains rich in prolines, abnormally aggregate in tangles in the brain leading to progressive loss of neurons. In this review, we present an overview linking the studies on the implication of the peptidyl-prolyl isomerase domain of immunophilins, and notably FKBP12, to a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, focusing on the molecular origin of such a role. The involvement of FKBP12 dysregulation in the aberrant aggregation of disordered proteins pinpoints this protein as a possible therapeutic target and, at the same time, as a predictive biomarker for early diagnosis in neurodegeneration, calling for the development of reliable, fast and cost-effective detection methods in body fluids for community-based screening campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Caminati
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Center for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Piero Procacci
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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4
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Korecka M, Figurski MJ, Landau SM, Brylska M, Alexander J, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Jagust WJ, Trojanowski JQ, Shaw LM. Analytical and Clinical Performance of Amyloid-Beta Peptides Measurements in CSF of ADNIGO/2 Participants by an LC-MS/MS Reference Method. Clin Chem 2020; 66:587-597. [PMID: 32087019 PMCID: PMC7108496 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvaa012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid-β1-42 (Aβ42) reliably detects brain amyloidosis based on its high concordance with plaque burden at autopsy and with amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) ligand retention observed in several studies. Low CSF Aβ42 concentrations in normal aging and dementia are associated with the presence of fibrillary Aβ across brain regions detected by amyloid PET imaging. METHODS An LC-MS/MS reference method for Aβ42, modified by adding Aβ40 and Aβ38 peptides to calibrators, was used to analyze 1445 CSF samples from ADNIGO/2 participants. Seventy runs were completed using 2 different lots of calibrators. For preparation of Aβ42 calibrators and controls spiking solution, reference Aβ42 standard with certified concentration was obtained from EC-JRC-IRMM (Belgium). Aβ40 and Aβ38 standards were purchased from rPeptide. Aβ42 calibrators' accuracy was established using CSF-based Aβ42 Certified Reference Materials (CRM). RESULTS CRM-adjusted Aβ42 calibrator concentrations were calculated using the regression equation Y (CRM-adjusted) = 0.89X (calibrators) + 32.6. Control samples and CSF pools yielded imprecision ranging from 6.5 to 10.2% (Aβ42) and 2.2 to 7.0% (Aβ40). None of the CSF pools showed statistically significant differences in Aβ42 concentrations across 2 different calibrator lots. Comparison of Aβ42 with Aβ42/Aβ40 showed that the ratio improved concordance with concurrent [18F]-florbetapir PET as a measure of fibrillar Aβ (n = 766) from 81 to 88%. CONCLUSIONS Long-term performance assessment substantiates our modified LC-MS/MS reference method for 3 Aβ peptides. The improved diagnostic performance of the CSF ratio Aβ42/Aβ40 suggests that Aβ42 and Aβ40 should be measured together and supports the need for an Aβ40 CRM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Korecka
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Michal J Figurski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Susan M Landau
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA
| | - Magdalena Brylska
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jacob Alexander
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - William J Jagust
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Institute on Aging, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Leslie M Shaw
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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5
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Bettcher BM, Johnson SC, Fitch R, Casaletto KB, Heffernan KS, Asthana S, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Carlsson CM, Neuhaus J, Bendlin BB, Kramer JH. Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma Levels of Inflammation Differentially Relate to CNS Markers of Alzheimer's Disease Pathology and Neuronal Damage. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 62:385-397. [PMID: 29439331 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory markers have been shown to predict neurocognitive outcomes in aging adults; however, the degree to which peripheral markers mirror the central nervous system remains unknown. We investigated the association between plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers of inflammation, and explored whether these markers independently predict CSF indicators of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology or neuronal damage. Plasma and CSF samples were analyzed for inflammatory markers in a cohort of asymptomatic older adults (n = 173). CSF samples were analyzed for markers of AD pathology (Aβ42, phosphorylated tau [p-tau], sAβPPβ) or neuronal damage (total tau; neurofilament light chain) (n = 147). Separate linear models for each analyte were conducted with CSF and plasma levels entered simultaneously as predictors and markers of AD pathology or neuronal damage as outcome measures. Strong associations were noted between CSF and plasma MIP-1β levels, and modest associations were observed for remaining analytes. With respect to AD pathology, higher levels of plasma and CSF IL-8, CSF MIP-1β, and CSF IP-10 were associated with higher levels of p-tau. Higher levels of CSF IL-8 were associated with higher levels of CSF Aβ42. Higher CSF sAβPPβ levels were associated with higher plasma markers only (IL-8; MCP-1). In terms of neuronal injury, higher levels of plasma and CSF IL-8, CSF IP-10, and CSF MIP-1β were associated with higher levels of CSF total tau. Exploratory analyses indicated that CSF Aβ42 modifies the relationship between plasma inflammatory levels and CSF tau levels. Results suggest that both plasma and CSF inflammatory markers independently relay integral information about AD pathology and neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianne M Bettcher
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Rocky Mountain Alzheimer's Disease Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sterling C Johnson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ryan Fitch
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, Memory and Aging Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kaitlin B Casaletto
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, Memory and Aging Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kate S Heffernan
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Rocky Mountain Alzheimer's Disease Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Cynthia M Carlsson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - John Neuhaus
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Barbara B Bendlin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Joel H Kramer
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, Memory and Aging Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
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6
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Melah KE, Lu SYF, Hoscheidt SM, Alexander AL, Adluru N, Destiche DJ, Carlsson CM, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Okonkwo OC, Gleason CE, Dowling NM, Bratzke LC, Rowley HA, Sager MA, Asthana S, Johnson SC, Bendlin BB. Cerebrospinal Fluid Markers of Alzheimer's Disease Pathology and Microglial Activation are Associated with Altered White Matter Microstructure in Asymptomatic Adults at Risk for Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 50:873-86. [PMID: 26836182 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immune response in Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves activation of microglia which may remove amyloid-β (Aβ). However, overproduction of inflammatory compounds may exacerbate neural damage in AD. AD pathology accumulates years before diagnosis, yet the extent to which neuroinflammation is involved in the earliest disease stages is unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine whether neuroinflammation exacerbates neural damage in preclinical AD. METHODS We utilized cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and magnetic resonance imaging collected in 192 asymptomatic late-middle-aged adults (mean age = 60.98 years). Neuroinflammatory markers chitinase-3-like protein 1 (YKL-40) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in CSF were utilized as markers of neuroinflammation. Neural cell damage was assessed using CSF neurofilament light chain protein (NFL), CSF total tau (T-Tau), and neural microstructure assessed with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). With regard to AD pathology, CSF Aβ42 and tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (P-Tau181) were used as markers of amyloid and tau pathology, respectively. We hypothesized that higher YKL-40 and MCP-1 in the presence of AD pathology would be associated with higher NFL, T-Tau, and altered microstructure on DTI. RESULTS Neuroinflammation was associated with markers of neural damage. Higher CSF YKL-40 was associated with both higher CSF NFL and T-Tau. Inflammation interacted with AD pathology, such that greater MCP-1 and lower Aβ42 was associated with altered microstructure in bilateral frontal and right temporal lobe and that greater MCP-1 and greater P-Tau181 was associated with altered microstructure in precuneus. CONCLUSION Inflammation may play a role in neural damage in preclinical AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey E Melah
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Siobhan M Hoscheidt
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Nagesh Adluru
- Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Cynthia M Carlsson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Ozioma C Okonkwo
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Carey E Gleason
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - N Maritza Dowling
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lisa C Bratzke
- School of Nursing, Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Howard A Rowley
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mark A Sager
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sterling C Johnson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Barbara B Bendlin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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7
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Dorey A, Perret-Liaudet A, Tholance Y, Fourier A, Quadrio I. Cerebrospinal Fluid Aβ40 Improves the Interpretation of Aβ42 Concentration for Diagnosing Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurol 2015; 6:247. [PMID: 26640457 PMCID: PMC4661235 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2015.00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of decreased amyloid β42 (Aβ42) and increased total tau proteins (T-Tau) and phosphorylated tau (P-Tau) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has recently been considered as a biological diagnostic criterion of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Previous studies showed significant heterogeneity in CSF Aβ42 levels to discriminate AD from non-AD patients. It was also suggested that the CSF amyloid peptide β42/β40 ratio has better diagnostic performance than Aβ42 alone. The objective of the present study was to investigate the potential added value of determining CSF amyloid β40 peptide (Aβ40) for biological diagnosis of AD when CSF Aβ42 levels failed. CSF AD biomarkers were run in 2,171 samples from 1,499 AD and 672 non-AD patients. The following pathologic thresholds were used to define an AD-positive CSF biomarker profile: T-Tau ≥ 400 ng/L, P-Tau181 ≥ 60 ng/L, and Aβ42 ≤ 700 ng/L. CSF Aβ40 was assayed in AD patients with CSF Aβ42 levels above 700 ng/L and non-AD patients with CSF Aβ42 levels below 700 ng/L. CSF Aβ40 levels were higher in AD than non-AD patients. The receiver operator characteristic curves of CSF Aβ40 and the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio defined AD cut-off values at 12,644 ng/L and 0.06, respectively. In AD patients with non-pathological CSF Aβ42, CSF Aβ40 concentration was able to correct 76.2% of cases when expressed as CSF Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio and 94.7% of cases when used alone. Using CSF Aβ42 and then CSF Aβ40, the percentage of misinterpreted AD patients fell to 1.0%. CSF Aβ40 concentration improved interpretation of Aβ42 level for the diagnosis of AD. CSF Aβ40 alone showed better diagnostic performance than the amyloid peptide Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio. The added value of determining CSF Aβ40 in AD diagnosis now needs confirming in a cohort of definite AD patients and to be completed with novel amyloid cascade biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Dorey
- Center for Memory Resources and Research, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Charpennes Hospital, Lyon 1 University , Villeurbanne , France ; Neurochemistry Unit, Biochemistry Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est , Bron , France
| | - Armand Perret-Liaudet
- Center for Memory Resources and Research, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Charpennes Hospital, Lyon 1 University , Villeurbanne , France ; Neurochemistry Unit, Biochemistry Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est , Bron , France ; BioRaN Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon 1 University , Bron , France
| | - Yannick Tholance
- Neurochemistry Unit, Biochemistry Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est , Bron , France ; WAKE Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CNRS UMR5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon 1 University , Lyon , France
| | - Anthony Fourier
- Neurochemistry Unit, Biochemistry Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est , Bron , France ; BioRaN Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon 1 University , Bron , France
| | - Isabelle Quadrio
- Neurochemistry Unit, Biochemistry Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Est , Bron , France ; BioRaN Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CNRS UMR 5292, INSERM U1028, Lyon 1 University , Bron , France
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8
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Biomarkers in multiple sclerosis. Clin Immunol 2015; 161:51-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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9
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Lu H, Zhu XC, Jiang T, Yu JT, Tan L. Body fluid biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2015; 3:70. [PMID: 25992369 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2305-5839.2015.02.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A heterogeneous and slowly progressive disease with extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits and intracellular hyperphosphorylated tau protein aggregates, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is already a hard nut to crack, featured with cognitive decline and memory lapse. Body fluid biomarkers are proved to be useful in exploring further study of AD, might benefit for a full comprehension of the etiopathogenesis, an improved precision of the prognosis and diagnosis, and a positive response of treatments. The cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers Aβ, total tau, and hyperphosphorylated tau reflect the main pathologic changes of AD. We also review data from several novel biomarkers, such as, β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1, soluble amyloid precursor proteins α and β, soluble Aβ oligomers and so on, which are associated with the occurrence and deterioration of this disease and couldn't be ignored. The rationale for the clinical use of those biomarkers, the challenges faced with and the properties of the most appropriate biomarkers are also summarized in the paper. We aim to find several ideal biomarkers to improve the diagnosis and optimize the treatment respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Lu
- 1 Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 2 Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 3 Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266001, China ; 4 Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Xi-Chen Zhu
- 1 Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 2 Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 3 Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266001, China ; 4 Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Teng Jiang
- 1 Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 2 Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 3 Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266001, China ; 4 Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- 1 Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 2 Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 3 Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266001, China ; 4 Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Lan Tan
- 1 Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 2 Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China ; 3 Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266001, China ; 4 Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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10
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Raphael I, Webb J, Stuve O, Haskins W, Forsthuber T. Body fluid biomarkers in multiple sclerosis: how far we have come and how they could affect the clinic now and in the future. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 11:69-91. [PMID: 25523168 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2015.991315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, which affects over 2.5 million people worldwide. Although MS has been extensively studied, many challenges still remain in regards to treatment, diagnosis and prognosis. Typically, prognosis and individual responses to treatment are evaluated by clinical tests such as the expanded disability status scale, MRI and presence of oligoclonal bands in the cerebrospinal fluid. However, none of these measures correlates strongly with treatment efficacy or disease progression across heterogeneous patient populations and subtypes of MS. Numerous studies over the past decades have attempted to identify sensitive and specific biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment efficacy of MS. The objective of this article is to review and discuss the current literature on body fluid biomarkers in MS, including research on potential biomarker candidates in the areas of miRNA, mRNA, lipids and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itay Raphael
- University of Texas San Antonio - Biology, San Antonio, TX, USA
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11
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Peinado MÁ, Hernández R, Peragón J, Ovelleiro D, Pedrosa JÁ, Blanco S. Proteomic characterization of nitrated cell targets after hypobaric hypoxia and reoxygenation in rat brain. J Proteomics 2014; 109:309-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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A prediction model to calculate probability of Alzheimer's disease using cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. Alzheimers Dement 2012; 9:262-8. [PMID: 23123231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2012.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to develop a prediction model based on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, that would yield a single estimate representing the probability that dementia in a memory clinic patient is due to Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS All patients suspected of dementia in whom the CSF biomarkers had been analyzed were selected from a memory clinic database. Clinical diagnosis was AD (n = 272) or non-AD (n = 289). The prediction model was developed with logistic regression analysis and included CSF amyloid β42, CSF phosphorylated tau181, and sex. Validation was performed on an independent data set from another memory clinic, containing 334 AD and 157 non-AD patients. RESULTS The prediction model estimated the probability that AD is present as follows: p(AD) = 1/(1 + e (- [-0.3315 + score])), where score is calculated from -1.9486 × ln(amyloid β42) + 2.7915 × ln(phosphorylated tau181) + 0.9178 × sex (male = 0, female = 1). When applied to the validation data set, the discriminative ability of the model was very good (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.85). The agreement between the probability of AD predicted by the model and the observed frequency of AD diagnoses was very good after taking into account the difference in AD prevalence between the two memory clinics. CONCLUSIONS We developed a prediction model that can accurately predict the probability of AD in a memory clinic population suspected of dementia based on CSF amyloid β42, CSF phosphorylated tau181, and sex.
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Optimisation of the quantification of glutamine synthetase and myelin basic protein in cerebrospinal fluid by a combined acidification and neutralisation protocol. J Immunol Methods 2012; 381:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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CSF and clinical hallmarks of subcortical dementias: focus on DLB and PDD. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2012; 119:861-75. [PMID: 22622365 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-012-0820-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Dementia has become a relevant problem associated with the elderly in our countries. Increased interest in the field has yielded a copious literature, so far mostly centered on Alzheimer's dementia. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis combined with neuropsychology, even in absence of neuroimaging, represents the gold standard to reach a diagnosis when cortical cognitive impairment prevails. In view of this, low levels of CSF amyloid peptides β (Aβ) and high tau/Aβ protein ratio, despite prominent impairment of executive functions or concomitant vascular burden, facilitate the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Conversely, an early cognitive impairment occurring in patients suffering from Parkinson's disease (PD) or Lewy body disorders (LBDs), both diagnoses posed on pure clinical grounds, remains quite elusive in term of biomarkers or neuropsychological assessment. Whether PD with dementia (PDD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) represent further steps along with a continuum of the same progressive degeneration due to Lewy bodies deposition, rather then the association of Lewy bodies and Aβ pathology, remains a challenging issue. Aim of this work is to set a state-of-the-art on the neuropsychological profiles of both or DLB. Then, we will focus on the ongoing controversies about the specificity of the standard CSF biomarkers if applied to extrapyramidal disorders. Our conclusions are that the CSF pattern, in PDD and DLB, can certainly be distinct from that in AD, though mechanisms leading to dementia could be shared among them. It is possible that, by combining imaging tracers, neuropsychologically careful assessment and renewed CSF biomarkers, DLB can be better distinguished in subgroups, depending on the presence or absence of a relevant amyloid burden. However, more complete data, possibly collected in fieri during the progressive derangement of cognitive abilities, are needed to improve our ability to decipher and treat these entities.
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Dementia in Parkinson's Disease Correlates with α-Synuclein Pathology but Not with Cortical Astrogliosis. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2012; 2012:420957. [PMID: 22577599 PMCID: PMC3347756 DOI: 10.1155/2012/420957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Dementia is a common feature in Parkinson's disease (PD) and is considered to be the result of limbic and cortical Lewy bodies and/or Alzheimer changes. Astrogliosis may also affect the development of dementia, since it correlates well with declining cognition in Alzheimer patients. Thus, we determined whether cortical astrogliosis occurs in PD, whether it is related to dementia, and whether this is reflected by the presence of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We have examined these proteins by immunohistochemistry in the frontal cortex and by Western blot in CSF of cases with PD, PD with dementia (PDD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and nondemented controls. We were neither able to detect an increase in cortical astrogliosis in PD, PDD, or DLB nor could we observe a correlation between the extent of astrogliosis and the degree of dementia. The levels of GFAP and vimentin in CSF did not correlate to the extent of astrogliosis or dementia. We did confirm the previously identified positive correlation between the presence of cortical Lewy bodies and dementia in PD. In conclusion, we have shown that cortical astrogliosis is not associated with the cognitive decline in Lewy body-related dementia.
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16
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Serum GFAP levels in optic neuropathies. J Neurol Sci 2012; 317:117-22. [PMID: 22410258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2012.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complement mediated autoimmunity against aquaporin-4 results in astrocytic damage in neuromyelitis optica (NMO). There is evidence for increased CSF glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and S100B levels in acute NMO. Here we tested whether the CSF finding also holds true for the diagnostic value of serum GFAP and S100B levels in NMO. METHODS A multicentre study included 322 patients from London (n=160), Nijmegen (n=95), Pecs (n=44), and Lyon (n=24). Patients were classified into the following diagnostic categories: neurological control patients (n=45), MS optic neuritis (MSON, n=38), isolated optic neuritis (ION, n=11), relapsing isolated optic neuritis (RION, n=48), chronic relapsing isolated optic neuropathy (CRION, n=18), unclassified optic neuritis (UCON, n=39), NMO (n=77) and relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS, n=47). Serum GFAP and S100B levels were quantified using ELISA. RESULTS Median serum GFAP but not S100B levels were significantly higher (p<0.0001, general linear model) in patients with NMO (4.83 pg/mL) if compared to MSON (1.5 pg/mL, p=0.0001), UCON (1.92 pg/mL, p<0.01), ION (0.0 ng/mL, p<0.05), RION (1.3 pg/mL, p<0.0001) and CRION (2.2 pg/mL, p=0.01). Serum GFAP levels in the control cohort (3.6 pg/mL) were not significantly different to NMO. There was no relationship between serum GFAP levels and any other clinical or demographic parameter. Serum S100B concentrations correlated with the number of relapses in MSON (R=0.83, p=0.005). CONCLUSION In contrast to the CSF, neither serum GFAP nor S100B levels were of major diagnostic value for the laboratory supported differential diagnosis between optic neuritis in the context of NMO and other optic neuropathies.
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Abstract
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) results from deposition of β-amyloid in the media and adventitia of small arteries and capillaries of the leptomeninges and cerebral cortex and is a major cause of lobar intracerebral hemorrhage and cognitive impairment in the elderly. CAA is associated with a high prevalence of magnetic resonance imaging markers of small vessel disease, including cerebral microbleeds and white matter hyperintensities. Although advanced CAA is present in approximately ¼ of brains with Alzheimer disease (AD), fewer than half of CAA cases meet pathologic criteria for AD. This review will discuss the pathophysiology of CAA and focus on new imaging modalities and laboratory biomarkers that may aid in the clinical diagnosis of individuals with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Viswanathan
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Trials Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Baird GS, Nelson SK, Keeney TR, Stewart A, Williams S, Kraemer S, Peskind ER, Montine TJ. Age-dependent changes in the cerebrospinal fluid proteome by slow off-rate modified aptamer array. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 180:446-56. [PMID: 22122984 PMCID: PMC3349859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
An important precondition for the successful development of diagnostic assays of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of age-related neurodegenerative diseases is an understanding of the dynamic nature of the CSF proteome during the normal aging process. In this study, a novel proteomic technology was used to quantify hundreds of proteins simultaneously in the CSF from 90 cognitively normal adults 21 to 85 years of age. SomaLogic's highly multiplexed proteomic platform can measure more than 800 proteins simultaneously from small volumes of biological fluids using novel slow off-rate modified aptamer (SOMAmer) protein affinity reagents with sensitivity, specificity, and dynamic ranges that meet or exceed those of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. In the first application of this technology to CSF, we detected 248 proteins that possessed signals greater than twofold over background. Several novel correlations between detected protein concentrations and age were discovered that indicate that both inflammation and response to injury in the central nervous system may increase with age. Applying this powerful proteomic approach to CSF provides potential new insight into the aging of the human central nervous system that may have utility in discovering new disease-related changes in the CSF proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey S Baird
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Harborview Medical Center, Box 359743, 325 9th Avenue, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
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Pontes-Neto OM, Auriel E, Greenberg SM. Advances in our Understanding of the Pathophysiology, Detection and Management of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 7:134-139. [PMID: 24058380 DOI: 10.17925/enr.2012.07.02.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is pathologically defined as the deposition of amyloid protein, most commonly the amyloid β peptide (Aβ), primarily within the media and adventitia of small and medium-sized arteries of the leptomeninges, cerebral and cerebellar cortex. This deposition likely reflects an imbalance between Aβ production and clearance within the brain and leads to weakening of the overall structure of brain small vessels, predisposing patients tolobar intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH), brain ischaemia and cognitive decline. CAA is associated with markers of small vessel disease, like lobar microbleeds and white matter hyperintensities on magnetic resonance imaging. Therefore, it can be now be diagnosed during life with reasonable accuracy by clinical and neuroimaging criteria. Despite the lack of a specific treatment for this condition, the detection of CAA may help in the management of patients, regarding the prevention of major haemorrhagic complications and genetic counselling. This review discusses recent advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology, detection and management of CAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavio M Pontes-Neto
- J Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, US and Associate Professor of Neurology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Agarwal R, Tripathi CB. Diagnostic Utility of CSF Tau and Aβ(42) in Dementia: A Meta-Analysis. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2011; 2011:503293. [PMID: 22195288 PMCID: PMC3235580 DOI: 10.4061/2011/503293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Revised: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CSF tau and Aβ42 are considered as important markers to diagnose Alzheimer's disease in early stages. Hence, it is important to assess their status in different types of dementia. The main objective of this study was to assess whether these CSF biomarkers can be used to make the differential diagnosis of AD. In the present study, articles published from 1998 till 2009 were taken and meta-analysis was performed to clarify the consistency in trends of biomarkers- CSF tau and Aβ42 in AD and other dementias and whether the same can be used as diagnostic biomarkers for its early diagnosis. 11 out of 60 for CSF tau and 07 out of 40 for CSF Aβ42, dementia case-control studies were selected for final analysis. Descriptive statistics shows that median effect size (raw mean difference) of CSF tau was 429 pg/mL (range: 32 to 910 pg/mL) in AD whereas in Dementia due to other causes (DOC) studies it was 69 pg/mL (range: −53 to 518 pg/mL). Similarly the median effect size of CSF Aβ42 levels was −442 pg/mL (range: −652 to −41.200 pg/mL) whereas in DOC studies it was −193 pg/mL (range: −356 to −33 pg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachna Agarwal
- Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Human Behaviour & Allied Sciences, Dilshad Garden, Delhi 110095, India
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21
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Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for α-synuclein with species and multimeric state specificities. J Neurosci Methods 2011; 199:249-57. [PMID: 21658411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2011.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Revised: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal intracellular deposition of aggregated α-synuclein is the characteristic feature of a number of neurological disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Although α-synuclein is typically known as a cytosolic protein, a small amount is secreted by exocytosis in both monomeric and aggregated forms. The extracellular forms of α-synuclein in human body fluids, such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood plasma, might be a diagnostic target for PD and related diseases. Here, we characterized a new set of monoclonal antibodies against α-synuclein, and using different combinations of antibodies, we established ELISA systems to specifically detect human α-synuclein, mouse and human α-synuclein together, and multimeric forms of α-synuclein in biological samples. By employing the Tyramide signal amplification method, the sensitivity of the assay was significantly improved to detect a concentration as low as ∼12.5 pg/ml. These assays might be useful tools for quantitative analysis of α-synuclein in various forms and with high sensitivity in diverse biological samples.
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Rosén C, Mattsson N, Johansson PM, Andreasson U, Wallin A, Hansson O, Johansson JO, Lamont J, Svensson J, Blennow K, Zetterberg H. Discriminatory Analysis of Biochip-Derived Protein Patterns in CSF and Plasma in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2011; 3:1. [PMID: 21442044 PMCID: PMC3057441 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2011.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of biomarkers in neurodegenerative diseases has been emphasized by recent research. Future clinical demands for identifying diseases at an early stage may render them essential. The aim of this pilot study was to test the analytical performance of two multiplex assays of cerebral markers on a well-defined clinical material consisting of patients with various neurodegenerative diseases. We measured 10 analytes in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 60 patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia, frontotemporal dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, or mild cognitive impairment, as well as 20 cognitively healthy controls. We used the Randox biochip-based Evidence Investigator™ system to measure the analytes. We found it possible to measure most analytes in both plasma and CSF, and there were some interesting differences between the diagnostic groups, although with large overlaps. CSF heart-type fatty acid-binding protein was increased in AD. Glial fibrillary acidic protein and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in CSF and D-dimer in plasma were elevated in patients with cerebrovascular disease. A multivariate statistical analysis revealed that the pattern of analytes could help to differentiate the conditions, although more studies are required to verify this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoffer Rosén
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg Gothenburg and Mölndal, Sweden
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Ku BD, Kim SG, Lee JY, Park KH, Shin JH, Kim KK, Youn YC, Lee YM, Hong CH, Seo SW, Na DL, Kim SY, Cheong HK, Kim DK, Lee JH, Kim S, Yeon BK, Kim SY, Han SH. Clinical practice guideline for dementia by Clinical Research Center for Dementia of South Korea. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 2011. [DOI: 10.5124/jkma.2011.54.8.861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bon D. Ku
- Department of Neurology, Myongji Hospital, Kwandong University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Shin Gyeom Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Jun-Young Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kee Hyung Park
- Department of Neurology, Gil Hospital, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, Korea
| | - Joon Hyun Shin
- Department of Neurology, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang Ki Kim
- Department of Neurology, Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University School of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Young Chul Youn
- Department of Neurology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yung Min Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Busan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Chang Hyung Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sang Won Seo
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Duk L. Na
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Yoon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae-Kwan Cheong
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Doh Kwan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Lee
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - SangYun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Byeong Kil Yeon
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Young Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seol-Heui Han
- Department of Neurology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Slats D, Spies PE, Sjögren MJC, Verhey FRJ, Verbeek MM, Olde Rikkert MGM. Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in Diagnosing Alzheimer's Disease in Clinical Practice: An Illustration with 3 Case Reports. Case Rep Neurol 2010; 2:5-11. [PMID: 20689628 PMCID: PMC2914365 DOI: 10.1159/000286280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of the brain specific biomarkers amyloid β42 (Aβ42) and total tau (t-tau) protein in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has a sensitivity and specificity of more than 85% for differentiating Alzheimer's Disease (AD) from non-demented controls. International guidelines are contradictory in their advice on the use of CSF biomarkers in AD diagnostics, resulting in a lack of consistency in clinical practice. We present three case reports that illustrate clinical practice according to the Dutch and European guidelines and portray the value of CSF biomarker analysis as an add-on diagnostic to the standard diagnostic workup for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Slats
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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25
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Hwang H, Zhang J, Chung KA, Leverenz JB, Zabetian CP, Peskind ER, Jankovic J, Su Z, Hancock AM, Pan C, Montine TJ, Pan S, Nutt J, Albin R, Gearing M, Beyer RP, Shi M, Zhang J. Glycoproteomics in neurodegenerative diseases. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2010; 29:79-125. [PMID: 19358229 PMCID: PMC2799547 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation regulates protein function and cellular distribution. Additionally, aberrant protein glycosylations have been recognized to play major roles in human disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases. Glycoproteomics, a branch of proteomics that catalogs and quantifies glycoproteins, provides a powerful means to systematically profile the glycopeptides or glycoproteins of a complex mixture that are highly enriched in body fluids, and therefore, carry great potential to be diagnostic and/or prognostic markers. Application of this mass spectrometry-based technology to the study of neurodegenerative disorders (e.g., Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease) is relatively new, and is expected to provide insight into the biochemical pathogenesis of neurodegeneration, as well as biomarker discovery. In this review, we have summarized the current understanding of glycoproteins in biology and neurodegenerative disease, and have discussed existing proteomic technologies that are utilized to characterize glycoproteins. Some of the ongoing studies, where glycoproteins isolated from cerebrospinal fluid and human brain are being characterized in Parkinson's disease at different stages versus controls, are presented, along with future applications of targeted validation of brain specific glycoproteins in body fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Hwang
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jianpeng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kathryn A. Chung
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - James B. Leverenz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Cyrus P. Zabetian
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Elaine R. Peskind
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Joseph Jankovic
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhen Su
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Aneeka M. Hancock
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Catherine Pan
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Thomas J. Montine
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sheng Pan
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - John Nutt
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Roger Albin
- Ann Arbor VAMC GRECC and Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Marla Gearing
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Richard P. Beyer
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Min Shi
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Kay GW, Verbeek MM, Furlong JM, Willemsen MAAP, Palmer DN. Neuropeptide changes and neuroactive amino acids in CSF from humans and sheep with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs, Batten disease). Neurochem Int 2009; 55:783-8. [PMID: 19664668 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2009.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2009] [Revised: 07/28/2009] [Accepted: 07/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Anomalies in neuropeptides and neuroactive amino acids have been postulated to play a role in neurodegeneration in a variety of diseases including the inherited neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs, Batten disease). These are often indicated by concentration changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Here we compare CSF neuropeptide concentrations in patients with the classical juvenile CLN3 form of NCL and the classical late infantile CLN2 form with neuropeptide and neuroactive amino acid concentrations in CSF from sheep with the late infantile variant CLN6 form. A marked disease related increase in CSF concentrations of neuron specific enolase and tau protein was noted in the juvenile CLN3 patients but this was not observed in an advanced CLN2 patient nor CLN6 affected sheep. No changes were noted in S-100b, GFAP or MBP in patients or of S-100b, GFAP or IGF-1 in affected sheep. There were no disease related changes in CSF concentrations of the neuroactive amino acids, aspartate, glutamate, serine, glutamine, glycine, taurine and GABA in these sheep. The changes observed in the CLN3 patients may be progressive markers of neurodegeneration, or of underlying metabolic changes perhaps associated with CLN3 specific changes in neuroactive amino acids, as have been postulated. The lack of changes in the CLN2 and CLN6 subjects indicate that these changes are not shared by the CLN2 or CLN6 forms and changes in CSF concentrations of these compounds are unreliable as biomarkers of neurodegeneration in the NCLs in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham W Kay
- Agriculture and Life Sciences Faculty, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand
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Bouwman NAMG, Verhagen WIM, Meulstee J. EEG abnormalities in poikilothermia suggesting Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Clin EEG Neurosci 2009; 40:196-9. [PMID: 19715183 DOI: 10.1177/155005940904000313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A 87-year-old woman was admitted with a rapidly progressive confusion, disorientation and myoclonus, all suggestive of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD). This diagnosis was initially strongly supported by the EEG, which showed slow background activity and triphasic waves, combined with the finding of an increased level of 14-3-3 protein in the cerebrospinal fluid. Remarkably, this patient had also developed hypothermia, which, after warming-up, resulted in alleviation of the mental disturbances and disappearance of myoclonus. Over time, the EEG abnormalities disappeared. She recovered clinically for which reason the diagnosis of sCJD had to be rejected; however, she kept the inability to maintain body temperature (poikilothermia). Therefore, in patients with the aforementioned symptoms body temperature should be measured and adequately managed. Our hypothesis is that she suffered from a misleading acquired encephalopathy with reversible EEG and laboratory features, mimicking sCJD. When laboratory findings suggest sCJD it remains very important to see whether or not these findings are compatible with the clinical observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A M G Bouwman
- Department of Neurology, Orbis Medical Centre, Sittard, The Netherlands.
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28
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Chou YY, Leporé N, Avedissian C, Madsen SK, Parikshak N, Hua X, Shaw LM, Trojanowski JQ, Weiner MW, Toga AW, Thompson PM. Mapping correlations between ventricular expansion and CSF amyloid and tau biomarkers in 240 subjects with Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment and elderly controls. Neuroimage 2009; 46:394-410. [PMID: 19236926 PMCID: PMC2696357 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2008] [Revised: 01/22/2009] [Accepted: 02/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to improve on the single-atlas ventricular segmentation method of (Carmichael, O.T., Thompson, P.M., Dutton, R.A., Lu, A., Lee, S.E., Lee, J.Y., Kuller, L.H., Lopez, O.L., Aizenstein, H.J., Meltzer, C.C., Liu, Y., Toga, A.W., Becker, J.T., 2006. Mapping ventricular changes related to dementia and mild cognitive impairment in a large community-based cohort. IEEE ISBI. 315-318) by using multi-atlas segmentation, which has been shown to lead to more accurate segmentations (Chou, Y., Leporé, N., de Zubicaray, G., Carmichael, O., Becker, J., Toga, A., Thompson, P., 2008. Automated ventricular mapping with multi-atlas fluid image alignment reveals genetic effects in Alzheimer's disease, NeuroImage 40(2): 615-630); with this method, we calculated minimal numbers of subjects needed to detect correlations between clinical scores and ventricular maps. We also assessed correlations between emerging CSF biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease pathology and localizable deficits in the brain, in 80 AD, 80 mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 80 healthy controls from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Six expertly segmented images and their embedded parametric mesh surfaces were fluidly registered to each brain; segmentations were averaged within subjects to reduce errors. Surface-based statistical maps revealed powerful correlations between surface morphology and 4 variables: (1) diagnosis, (2) depression severity, (3) cognitive function at baseline, and (4) future cognitive decline over the following year. Cognitive function was assessed using the mini-mental state exam (MMSE), global and sum-of-boxes clinical dementia rating (CDR) scores, at baseline and 1-year follow-up. Lower CSF Abeta(1-42) protein levels, a biomarker of AD pathology assessed in 138 of the 240 subjects, were correlated with lateral ventricular expansion. Using false discovery rate (FDR) methods, 40 and 120 subjects, respectively, were needed to discriminate AD and MCI from normal groups. 120 subjects were required to detect correlations between ventricular enlargement and MMSE, global CDR, sum-of-boxes CDR and clinical depression scores. Ventricular expansion maps correlate with pathological and cognitive measures in AD, and may be useful in future imaging-based clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yu Chou
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Natasha Leporé
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christina Avedissian
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah K. Madsen
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Neelroop Parikshak
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xue Hua
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Leslie M. Shaw
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Q. Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael W. Weiner
- Department of Radiology, Medicine and Psychiatry, UC San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, UC San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, UC San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Arthur W. Toga
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Leow AD, Yanovsky I, Parikshak N, Hua X, Lee S, Toga AW, Jack CR, Bernstein MA, Britson PJ, Gunter JL, Ward CP, Borowski B, Shaw LM, Trojanowski JQ, Fleisher AS, Harvey D, Kornak J, Schuff N, Alexander GE, Weiner MW, Thompson PM. Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative: a one-year follow up study using tensor-based morphometry correlating degenerative rates, biomarkers and cognition. Neuroimage 2009; 45:645-55. [PMID: 19280686 PMCID: PMC2696624 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tensor-based morphometry can recover three-dimensional longitudinal brain changes over time by nonlinearly registering baseline to follow-up MRI scans of the same subject. Here, we compared the anatomical distribution of longitudinal brain structural changes, over 12 months, using a subset of the ADNI dataset consisting of 20 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), 40 healthy elderly controls, and 40 individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Each individual longitudinal change map (Jacobian map) was created using an unbiased registration technique, and spatially normalized to a geometrically-centered average image based on healthy controls. Voxelwise statistical analyses revealed regional differences in atrophy rates, and these differences were correlated with clinical measures and biomarkers. Consistent with prior studies, we detected widespread cerebral atrophy in AD, and a more restricted atrophic pattern in MCI. In MCI, temporal lobe atrophy rates were correlated with changes in mini-mental state exam (MMSE) scores, clinical dementia rating (CDR), and logical/verbal learning memory scores. In AD, temporal atrophy rates were correlated with several biomarker indices, including a higher CSF level of p-tau protein, and a greater CSF tau/beta amyloid 1-42 (ABeta42) ratio. Temporal lobe atrophy was significantly faster in MCI subjects who converted to AD than in non-converters. Serial MRI scans can therefore be analyzed with nonlinear image registration to relate ongoing neurodegeneration to a variety of pathological biomarkers, cognitive changes, and conversion from MCI to AD, tracking disease progression in 3-dimensional detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex D Leow
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1769, USA.
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Yin GN, Lee HW, Cho JY, Suk K. Neuronal pentraxin receptor in cerebrospinal fluid as a potential biomarker for neurodegenerative diseases. Brain Res 2009; 1265:158-70. [PMID: 19368810 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2008] [Revised: 01/27/2009] [Accepted: 01/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), are characterized by progressive loss of cognitive function, dementia, and problems with movements. In order to find new protein biomarkers of high specificity from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of AD and PD patients, one-dimensional gel electrophoresis (1-DE) coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) as well as 2-DE analysis were performed. In 1-DE and LC-MS/MS 371 proteins were identified, among which levels of proteins such as isoform 1 of contactin-1, contactin-2, carnosine dipeptidase 1 (CNDP1), 120 kDa isoform precursor of neural cell adhesion molecule 1 (NCAM-120), alpha-dystroglycan, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine-like protein 1 precursor (SPARCL1), isoform 2 of calsyntenin 1 (CLSTN1), and neuronal pentraxin receptor (NPR) showed significant changes in AD or PD CSF compared with normal subjects. In 2-DE analysis approximately 747-915 spots were detected in CSF of AD or PD patients, from which 17-24 proteins with more than a 1.2 fold change were identified by tandem MS. Most proteins identified showed consistent changes in LC-MS/MS and 2-DE analysis. Three proteins that showed significant changes were selected for further validation by Western blot analysis. While NCAM-120 and alpha-dystroglycan exhibited higher levels in both AD and PD CSF compared with normal subjects, the level of NPR was increased only in AD CSF in Western blot analysis. The results were consistent with quantitative analysis of 2-DE spots. A higher level of NPR was also found in AD serum. This study suggests that NCAM-120, alpha-dystroglycan, and NPR are candidate biomarkers in CSF for neurodegenerative diseases, and that the changes in the CSF level of NPR may be specific for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Nan Yin
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, CMRI, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Joong-Gu, Daegu, South Korea
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31
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Fang Q, Strand A, Law W, Faca VM, Fitzgibbon MP, Hamel N, Houle B, Liu X, May DH, Poschmann G, Roy L, Stühler K, Ying W, Zhang J, Zheng Z, Bergeron JJM, Hanash S, He F, Leavitt BR, Meyer HE, Qian X, McIntosh MW. Brain-specific proteins decline in the cerebrospinal fluid of humans with Huntington disease. Mol Cell Proteomics 2008; 8:451-66. [PMID: 18984577 PMCID: PMC2649809 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m800231-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We integrated five sets of proteomics data profiling the constituents of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) derived from Huntington disease (HD)-affected and -unaffected individuals with genomics data profiling various human and mouse tissues, including the human HD brain. Based on an integrated analysis, we found that brain-specific proteins are 1.8 times more likely to be observed in CSF than in plasma, that brain-specific proteins tend to decrease in HD CSF compared with unaffected CSF, and that 81% of brain-specific proteins have quantitative changes concordant with transcriptional changes identified in different regions of HD brain. The proteins found to increase in HD CSF tend to be liver-associated. These protein changes are consistent with neurodegeneration, microgliosis, and astrocytosis known to occur in HD. We also discuss concordance between laboratories and find that ratios of individual proteins can vary greatly, but the overall trends with respect to brain or liver specificity were consistent. Concordance is highest between the two laboratories observing the largest numbers of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaojun Fang
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
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Verbeek MM, Olde Rikkert MGM. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in the evaluation of Alzheimer disease. Clin Chem 2008; 54:1589-91. [PMID: 18824570 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2008.113027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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33
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Leen WG, Weemaes CM, Verbeek MM, Willemsen MA, Rotteveel JJ. Rituximab and intravenous immunoglobulins for relapsing postinfectious opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. Pediatr Neurol 2008; 39:213-7. [PMID: 18725071 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2008.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2008] [Revised: 05/14/2008] [Accepted: 05/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We describe 2 children with postinfectious opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. Although the patients initially responded to monotherapy with methylprednisolone, intravenous immunoglobulins, or rituximab, they manifested persistent neurologic deficits and relapsing signs. Treatment with rituximab in combination with intravenous immunoglobulin, however, resulted in significant longterm clinical improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilhelmina G Leen
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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34
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Osterlundh G, Kjellmer I, Lannering B, Rosengren L, Nilsson UA, Márky I. Neurochemical markers of brain damage in cerebrospinal fluid during induction treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008; 50:793-8. [PMID: 17973312 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.21378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central nervous system (CNS) irradiation has been replaced by systemic high-dose methotrexate (MTX) and intrathecal MTX in acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment due to the risk of late effects. However, treatment without CNS irradiation might also cause brain damage. PROCEDURE Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was analyzed in 121 patients in an attempt to detect CNS injury. Seventy-three samples were analyzed for neuron-specific enolase (NSE), 108 for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAp), 110 for neurofilament protein light chain (NFp), and 70 for ascorbyl radical (AsR). Samples were taken at day 0, 8, 15, and 29 during induction treatment, including intrathecal MTX. Levels at days 8, 15, and 29 were compared with the levels before treatment. RESULTS NSE levels were 9.0 (+/-3.5) microg/L (mean (+/-SD)) at day 0, 15.0 (+/-5.3) at day 8 (P < 0.001), 13.6 (+/-4.7) at day 15 (P < 0.001) and 11.1 (+/-4.3) at day 29 (P < 0.001). GFAp were 177 (+/-98) ng/L at day 0, 206 (+/-101) at day 8 (P < 0.001), 200 (+/-106) at day 15 (n.s.) and 228 (+/-137) at day 29 (P < 0.001). NFp were below the detection limit 125 ng/L at day 0 in all 110 CSF samples analyzed, and increased significantly above the detection limit in 6/77 samples at day 8, in 11/84 at day 15 and in 22/91 at day 29. The AsR content did not change significantly. CONCLUSIONS Levels of NSE, GFAp, and NFp increased in CSF, which can be interpreted as early signs of brain damage. AsR levels do not show any convincing signs of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustaf Osterlundh
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden.
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de Jong D, Kremer BPH, Olde Rikkert MGM, Verbeek MM. Current state and future directions of neurochemical biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. Clin Chem Lab Med 2008; 45:1421-34. [PMID: 17970699 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2007.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this comprehensive review, we summarize the current state-of-the-art of neurochemical biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. Predominantly, these biomarkers comprise cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers directly related to the pathophysiology of this disorder (such as amyloid beta protein, tau protein). We particularly pay attention to the innovations in this area that have been made in technological aspects during the past 5 years (e.g., multiplex analysis of biomarkers, proteomics), to the discovery of novel, potential biomarkers (e.g., amyloid beta oligomers, isoprostanes), and to the extension of this research towards identification of biomarkers in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniëlle de Jong
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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van Geel WJA, Abdo WF, Melis R, Williams S, Bloem BR, Verbeek MM. A more efficient enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measurement of alpha-synuclein in cerebrospinal fluid. J Neurosci Methods 2007; 168:182-5. [PMID: 17976734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2007.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2007] [Revised: 09/19/2007] [Accepted: 09/21/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We describe a modification of a previously described assay for the quantification of alpha-synuclein in naive cerebrospinal fluid, which allows for a more efficient quantification of alpha-synuclein. Detection limit of the assay is 3.8 ng/ml and the assay is linear until 300 ng/ml. Inter-assay and intra-assay coefficients of variation are below 15% in a wide range of concentrations. Mean recovery of the assay is 94%. The 95% upper limit of the reference range (p95) in a group of neurological controls above the age of 45 years is 62 ng/ml. This assay can be routinely applied for quantification of alpha-synuclein in cerebrospinal fluid, but not in serum, and this may serve as a possible biomarker for alpha-synucleinopathies such as Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wieneke J A van Geel
- Laboratory of Pediatrics and Neurology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, The Netherlands
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Diagnostic utility of serum or cerebrospinal fluid levels of toxic advanced glycation end-products (TAGE) in early detection of Alzheimer's disease. Med Hypotheses 2007; 69:1358-66. [PMID: 17888585 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2006.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2006] [Accepted: 12/06/2006] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in developed countries. AD is characterized pathologically by the presence of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), the major constituents of which are amyloid beta protein (A beta) and tau protein, respectively. Based on the disease pathology, numerous blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tests have been proposed for early detection of AD. However, there is no definite clinical method to determine in which patients with mild cognitive impairment will progress to AD with dementia. Therefore, to develop a novel promising biomarker for early diagnosis of AD is urgently needed. Several epidemiological studies have reported moderately increased risks for AD in diabetic patients compared with general population. In diabetes mellitus, the formation and accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), senescent macroprotein derivatives, progress more rapidly. In addition, recent understanding of this process has confirmed that AGEs-their receptor (RAGE) interactions may play a role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders including AD. In human AD brains, AGEs are distributed in the cytosol of neurons in the hippocampus and para-hippocampal gyrus. In this paper, we discuss the pathophysiological role for toxic AGEs (TAGE) in AD. We further review here the possibility that serum or cerebrospinal fluid levels of TAGE could become a promising biomarker for early detection of AD.
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Wang J, Xu Z, Fang H, Duhart HM, Patterson TA, Ali SF. Gene expression profiling of MPP+-treated MN9D cells: A mechanism of toxicity study. Neurotoxicology 2007; 28:979-87. [PMID: 17475336 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2007.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2007] [Revised: 02/22/2007] [Accepted: 02/27/2007] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons with unknown etiology. MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium) is the active metabolite of the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), which induces Parkinson's-like syndromes in humans and animals. MPTP/MPP+ treatment produces selective dopaminergic neuronal degeneration, therefore, these agents are commonly used to study the pathogenesis of PD. However, the mechanisms of their toxicity have not been elucidated. In order to gain insights into MPP+-induced neurotoxicity, a gene expression microarray study was performed using a midbrain-derived dopaminergic neuronal cell line, MN9D. Utilizing a two-color reference design, Agilent mouse oligonucleotide microarrays were used to examine relative gene expression changes in MN9D cells treated with 40microM MPP+ compared with controls. Bioinformatics tools were used for data evaluation. Briefly, raw data were imported into the NCTR ArrayTrack database, normalized using a Lowess method and data quality was assessed. The Student's t-test was used to determine significant changes in gene expression (set as p<0.05, fold change >1.5). Gene Ontology for Function Analysis (GOFFA) and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis were employed to analyze the functions and roles of significant genes in biological processes. Of the 51 significant genes identified, 44 were present in the GOFFA or Ingenuity database. These data indicate that multiple pathways are involved in the underlying mechanisms of MPP+-induced neurotoxicity, including apoptosis, oxidative stress, iron binding, cellular metabolism, and signal transduction. These data also indicate that MPP+-induced toxicity shares common molecular mechanisms with the pathogenesis of PD and further pathway analyses will be conducted to explore these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyong Wang
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Division of Neurotoxicology, HFT-132, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
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Henkel AW, Dittrich PS, Groemer TW, Lemke EA, Klingauf J, Klafki HW, Lewczuk P, Esselmann H, Schwille P, Kornhuber J, Wiltfang J. Immune complexes of auto-antibodies against A beta 1-42 peptides patrol cerebrospinal fluid of non-Alzheimer's patients. Mol Psychiatry 2007; 12:601-10. [PMID: 17279093 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The diagnostic potential of large A beta-peptide binding particles (LAPs) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of Alzheimer's dementia (AD) patients and non-AD controls (nAD) was evaluated. LAPs were detected by confocal spectroscopy in both groups with high inter-individual variation in number. Molecular imaging by confocal microscopy revealed that LAPs are heterogeneous superaggregates that could be subdivided morphologically into four main types (LAP 1-4). LAP-4 type, resembling a 'large chain of pearls', was detected in 42.1% of all nAD controls but it was virtually absent in AD patients. LAP-4 type could be selectively removed by protein A beads, a clear indication that it contained immunoglobulins in addition to beta-amyloid peptides (A beta 1-42). We observed a close correlation between LAPs and immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration in CSF in controls but not in AD patients. Double labeling of LAPs with anti-A beta and anti-IgG antibodies confirmed that LAP-4 type consisted of A beta and IgG aggregates. Our results assign a central role to the immune system in regulating A beta1-42 homeostasis by clustering this peptide in immunocomplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Henkel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Reijn TSM, Rikkert MO, van Geel WJA, de Jong D, Verbeek MM. Diagnostic accuracy of ELISA and xMAP technology for analysis of amyloid beta(42) and tau proteins. Clin Chem 2007; 53:859-65. [PMID: 17395712 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2006.081679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of amyloid beta(42) (Abeta(42)) peptides and tau proteins may serve as biomarkers for Alzheimer disease (AD). Recently, the xMAP technology has been introduced as an alternative to ELISA for measurement of these markers. METHODS We used xMAP assays and ELISA to analyze CSF concentrations of Abeta(42), total tau (t-tau), and tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (p-tau(181)) in samples from 69 patients with Alzheimer disease, 26 patients with vascular dementia, and 55 controls without neurological disorders. RESULTS High CV values (>28%) for the ratio of xMAP:ELISA were observed for each biomarker, indicating that a constant correction factor cannot be applied to recalculate xMAP results into ELISA results. When a combination of CSF markers was used, the sensitivity, specificity, and area under the ROC curves for xMAP assays and ELISAs were not significantly different in differentiating AD patients from vascular dementia patients and controls. CONCLUSIONS A constant conversion factor cannot be used successfully to recalculate results obtained with xMAP assays to those from the ELISAs. With the use of analysis of a combination of Abeta(42), t-tau, and p-tau in CSF, however, differentiation of clinical groups is equivalent when either xMAP technology or conventional ELISA is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry S M Reijn
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Centre Nijmegen, Laboratory of Pediatrics and Neurology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Bibl M, Mollenhauer B, Wolf S, Esselmann H, Lewczuk P, Kornhuber J, Wiltfang J. Reduced CSF carboxyterminally truncated Abeta peptides in frontotemporal lobe degenerations. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2007; 114:621-8. [PMID: 17245538 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-006-0618-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2006] [Accepted: 11/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) carboxyterminally truncated amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptides, Abeta1-42 and tau protein were evaluated in 30 patients with frontotemporal lobe degenerations (FTLD), 30 Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and 30 non-demented disease controls (NDC) by Abeta-SDS-PAGE/immunoblot as well as commercial ELISAs for Abeta1-42 and total tau. FTLD displayed a significant drop of Abeta1-37 (p = 2.7 x 10(-4)), Abeta1-38 (p = 4.2 x 10(-5)) and Abeta1-42 (p = 3.3 x 10(-4)). Abeta1-42 was selectively decreased in AD (p = 8.5 x 10(-10)). Decreased Abeta1-38 enabled contrasts of beyond 85% to distinguish FTLD from AD and NDC patients, alone or in combination. Accordingly, low CSF Abeta1-37 and Abeta1-38 represent a biomarker candidate for FTLD and may reflect disease-specific changes of APP metabolism. Further validation should be carried out on dementias other than AD, diagnostically relevant control groups without dementia and without any evident affection of the central nervous system and subgroups of FTLD. Moreover, independent methods of measurement should be applied to CSF Abeta1-38.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bibl
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.
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42
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Waldemar G, Dubois B, Emre M, Georges J, McKeith IG, Rossor M, Scheltens P, Tariska P, Winblad B. Recommendations for the diagnosis and management of Alzheimer's disease and other disorders associated with dementia: EFNS guideline. Eur J Neurol 2007; 14:e1-26. [PMID: 17222085 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01605.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 338] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this international guideline on dementia was to present a peer-reviewed evidence-based statement for the guidance of practice for clinical neurologists, geriatricians, psychiatrists, and other specialist physicians responsible for the care of patients with dementia. It covers major aspects of diagnostic evaluation and treatment, with particular emphasis on the type of patient often referred to the specialist physician. The main focus is Alzheimer's disease, but many of the recommendations apply to dementia disorders in general. The task force working group considered and classified evidence from original research reports, meta-analysis, and systematic reviews, published before January 2006. The evidence was classified and consensus recommendations graded according to the EFNS guidance. Where there was a lack of evidence, but clear consensus, good practice points were provided. The recommendations for clinical diagnosis, blood tests, neuroimaging, electroencephalography (EEG), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, genetic testing, tissue biopsy, disclosure of diagnosis, treatment of Alzheimer's disease, and counselling and support for caregivers were all revised when compared with the previous EFNS guideline. New recommendations were added for the treatment of vascular dementia, Parkinson's disease dementia, and dementia with Lewy bodies, for monitoring treatment, for treatment of behavioural and psychological symptoms in dementia, and for legal issues. The specialist physician plays an important role together with primary care physicians in the multidisciplinary dementia teams, which have been established throughout Europe. This guideline may contribute to the definition of the role of the specialist physician in providing dementia health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Waldemar
- Memory Disorders Research Group, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark.
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43
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Pan S, Wang Y, Quinn JF, Peskind ER, Waichunas D, Wimberger JT, Jin J, Li JG, Zhu D, Pan C, Zhang J. Identification of glycoproteins in human cerebrospinal fluid with a complementary proteomic approach. J Proteome Res 2006; 5:2769-79. [PMID: 17022648 DOI: 10.1021/pr060251s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers are pressingly needed to assist with the clinical diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases and/or the monitoring of disease progression. Glycoproteins are enriched in bodily fluids such as human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), an ideal source for discovering biomarkers due to its proximity to the central nervous system (CNS), and consequently can serve as diagnostic and/or therapeutic markers for CNS diseases. We report here an in-depth identification of glycoproteins in human CSF using a complementary proteomic approach which integrated hydrazide chemistry and lectin affinity column for glycoprotein enrichment, followed by multidimensional chromatography separation and tandem mass spectrometric analysis. Using stringent criteria, a total of 216 glycoproteins, including many low-abundance proteins, was identified with high confidence. Approximately one-third of these proteins was already known to be relevant to the CNS structurally or functionally. This investigation, for the first time, not only categorized many glycoproteins in human CSF but also expanded the existing overall CSF protein database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Pan
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104, USA
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44
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Wunderlich MT, Wallesch CW, Goertler M. Release of glial fibrillary acidic protein is related to the neurovascular status in acute ischemic stroke. Eur J Neurol 2006; 13:1118-23. [PMID: 16987165 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01435.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at an analysis of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in acute ischemic stroke, its association with the neurovascular status and its potential value as monitoring parameter. In 53 consecutive patients, serial venous blood samples were taken on admission, 6, 12, 18, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h after stroke onset. The neurovascular status was assessed by repetitive extracranial and transcranial duplex sonography. Neurologic deficits were quantified by the National Institutes of Health stroke scale, and functional outcome was assessed with the modified Rankin Scale. Mean GFAP values were elevated from admission on with highest levels 48 h after stroke onset. GFAP release was highly correlated with severity of neurologic deficits and infarct volume. In patients with persistent middle cerebral artery occlusion, GFAP increased significantly compared with patients with normal sonographic findings (P = 0.019) and recanalization after thrombolysis resulted in a significant reduced increase (P = 0.038). GFAP concentrations were associated with the functional outcome after 3 months. Release kinetics of GFAP are associated with patients clinical deficits and infarct volume, depend on the neurovascular status on admission and on early recanalization after thrombolysis, and may be used as an additional predictor of the early course and functional outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Wunderlich
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
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45
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Mollenhauer B, Trenkwalder C, von Ahsen N, Bibl M, Steinacker P, Brechlin P, Schindehuette J, Poser S, Wiltfang J, Otto M. Beta-amlyoid 1-42 and tau-protein in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Parkinson's disease dementia. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2006; 22:200-8. [PMID: 16899997 DOI: 10.1159/000094871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Measurement of tau-protein and beta-amyloid(1-42 )(Abeta42) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has gained increasing acceptance in the differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. We investigated CSF tau-protein and Abeta42 concentrations in 73 patients with advanced idiopathic Parkinson's disease with dementia (PDD) and 23 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease without dementia (PD) and in a comparison group of 41 non-demented neurological patients (CG) using commercially available enzyme-linked-immunoabsorbant-assay (ELISA). tau-Protein levels were statistically significantly higher and Abeta42 lower in the PDD patients compared to PD patients and the CG. This observation was most marked (p < 0.05) in a subgroup of patients with PDD carrying the apolipoprotein genotype epsilon3/epsilon3. The distribution of the apolipoprotein genotypes in PDD and PD patients was similar to that of the CG. Although a significant difference in tau-protein values was observed between PDD and CG, no diagnostic cut-off value was established. These findings suggest that such protein CSF changes may help to support the clinical diagnosis of cognitive decline in PD and that there may be apolipoprotein-E-isoform-specific differences in CSF protein regulation in advanced PDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brit Mollenhauer
- Department of Neurology,Georg-August University, Kassel, Germany.
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46
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Huang YF, Huang CC, Hu CC, Chang HT. Capillary electrophoresis-based separation techniques for the analysis of proteins. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:3503-22. [PMID: 16927348 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
CE offers the advantages of high speed, great efficiency, as well as the requirement of minimum amounts of sample and buffer for the analysis of proteins. In this review, we summarize the CE-based techniques coupled with absorption, LIF, and MS detection systems for the analysis of proteins mostly within the past 5 years. The basic principle of each technique and its advantages and disadvantages for protein analysis are discussed in brief. Advanced CE techniques, including on-column concentration techniques and high-efficiency multidimensional separation techniques, for high-throughput protein profiling of complex biological samples and/or of single cells are emphasized. Although the developed techniques provide improved peak capacity, they have not become practical tools for proteomics, mainly because of poor reproducibility, low-sample lading capacity, and low throughput due to ineffective interfaces between two separation dimensions and that between separation and MS systems. In order to identify the complexities and dynamics of the proteomes expressed by cells, tissues, or organisms, techniques providing improved analytical sensitivity, throughput, and dynamic ranges are still demanded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fen Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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47
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Bibl M, Mollenhauer B, Esselmann H, Lewczuk P, Trenkwalder C, Brechlin P, Rüther E, Kornhuber J, Otto M, Wiltfang J. CSF diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2006; 113:1771-8. [PMID: 16906356 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-006-0537-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2006] [Accepted: 05/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is often crucial. CSF Tau protein and Amyloid-beta (A beta) peptides have shown diagnostic value for the diagnosis of AD, but discrimination from DLB was poor.Herein, we investigate CSF of 18 patients with probable AD, 25 with probable DLB and 14 non-demented disease controls (NDC) by A beta-SDS-PAGE/immunoblot and commercially available ELISAs for A beta1-42 and tau. CSF A beta peptide patterns and tau exhibited disease specific alterations among AD and DLB. The ratio of A beta1-42 to A beta1-38 and A beta1-42 to A beta1-37, respectively, in combination with absolute tau, yielded a sensitivity and specificity of 100 and 92%, respectively. We conclude that CSF A beta peptide patterns and tau levels reflect disease-specific pathophysiological pathways of these dementias as distinct neurochemical phenotypes. Combined evaluation of these biomarkers provides a reasonable accuracy for differential diagnosis of AD and DLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bibl
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.
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48
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Li X, Miyajima M, Mineki R, Taka H, Murayama K, Arai H. Analysis of potential diagnostic biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus by proteomics. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2006; 148:859-64; discussion 864. [PMID: 16755327 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-006-0787-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2005] [Accepted: 03/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (INPH) is unknown, and the syndrome of INPH remains a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. The present study investigated the disease-specific proteins that aid in the diagnosis and treatment of INPH and thus to study their role in the disease process. METHODS A comparative proteomic analysis was used for clinical screening of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteins in 15 patients with INPH and compared with 12 normal subjects. Furthermore, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed for comparison with CSF proteins between individual INPH patients and controls. RESULTS Seven proteins and their isoforms, including leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein (LRG), alpha1-antichymotrypsin, apolipoprotein D, apolipoprotein J, haptoglobin alpha1, serum albumin, and alpha-1-microglobulin/bikunin precursor showed significant changes in CSF of INPH patients compared with controls by proteomic analysis. And significant higher CSF levels of LRG in INPH patients compared with controls were found by ELISA. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that there are significant differences in the expression of certain proteins in the CSF of patients with INPH and normal subjects. In particular, the CSF level assay of LRG suggests that LRG is a specific biomarker for INPH and has potential use in the diagnosis and indication for CSF shunting.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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49
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Burgess JA, Lescuyer P, Hainard A, Burkhard PR, Turck N, Michel P, Rossier JS, Reymond F, Hochstrasser DF, Sanchez JC. Identification of Brain Cell Death Associated Proteins in Human Post-mortem Cerebrospinal Fluid. J Proteome Res 2006; 5:1674-81. [PMID: 16823975 DOI: 10.1021/pr060160v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Following any form of brain insult, proteins are released from damaged tissues into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This body fluid is therefore an ideal sample to use in the search for biomarkers of neurodegenerative disorders and brain damage. In this study, we used human post-mortem CSF as a model of massive brain injury and cell death for the identification of such protein markers. Pooled post-mortem CSF samples were analyzed using a protocol that combined immunoaffinity depletion of abundant CSF proteins, off-gel electrophoresis, SDS-PAGE and protein identification by LC-MS/MS. A total of 299 proteins were identified, of which 172 proteins were not previously described to be present in CSF. Of these 172 proteins, more than 75% have been described as intracellular proteins suggesting that they were released from damaged cells. Immunoblots of a number of proteins were performed on individual post-mortem CSF samples and confirmed elevated concentrations in post-mortem CSF compared to ante-mortem CSF. Interestingly, among the proteins specifically identified in the post-mortem CSF, several have been previously described as biochemical markers of brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Burgess
- Biomedical Proteomics Research Group, Department of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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50
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de Jong D, Jansen RWMM, Kremer BPH, Verbeek MM. Cerebrospinal Fluid Amyloid ss42/Phosphorylated Tau Ratio Discriminates Between Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2006; 61:755-8. [PMID: 16870640 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/61.7.755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The differentiation of Alzheimer's disease (AD) from vascular dementia (VaD) is hampered by clinical diagnostic criteria with disappointing sensitivity and specificity. The objective of this study was to investigate whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of total tau protein (t-tau), amyloid beta42 protein (Abeta42), and tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (p-tau181) are useful biomarkers to distinguish AD patients from VaD patients. METHODS We measured CSF levels of p-tau181, Abeta42, and t-tau in 86 patients with a clinical diagnosis of AD or VaD and in 30 control participants. RESULTS Optimal differentiation between AD and VaD was achieved by using the ratio of the CSF levels of Abeta42 and p-tau181 (Q Abeta42/p-tau) with sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values all > or = 85%. CONCLUSIONS Our results support further efforts to prospectively validate the use of Q Abeta42/p-tau as a biomarker to discriminate between AD and VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniëlle de Jong
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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