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Álvarez R, Aramburu L, Gajate C, Vicente-Blázquez A, Mollinedo F, Medarde M, Peláez R. Methylsulfanylpyridine based diheteroaryl isocombretastatin analogs as potent anti-proliferative agents. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 209:112933. [PMID: 33328100 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Isocombretastatins are the not isomerizable 1,1-diarylethene isomers of combretastatins. Both families of antimitotics are poorly soluble and new analogs with improved water solubility are needed. The ubiquitous 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl ring and most of its replacements contribute to the solubility problem. 39 new compounds belonging to two series of isocombretastatin analogs with 2-chloro-6-methylsulfanyl-4-pyridinyl or 2,6-bis(methylsulfanyl)-4-pyridinyl moieties replacing the 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl have been synthesized and their antimitotic activity and aqueous solubility have been studied. We show here that 2-chloro-6-methylsulfanylpyridines are more successful replacements than 2,6-bis(methylsulfanyl)pyridines, giving highly potent tubulin inhibitors and cytotoxic compounds with improved water solubilities. The optimal combination is with indole rings carrying polar substitutions at the three position. The resulting diheteroaryl isocombretastatin analogs showed potent cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines caused by tubulin inhibition, as shown by in vitro tubulin polymerization inhibitory assays, cell cycle analysis, and confocal microscopy studies. Cell cycle analysis also showed apoptotic responses following G2/M arrest after treatment. Conformational analysis and docking studies were applied to propose binding modes of the compounds at the colchicine site of tubulin and were in good agreement with the observed SAR. 2-Chloro-6-methylsulfanylpyridines represent a new and successful trimethoxyphenyl ring substitution for the development of improved colchicine site ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007, Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007, Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de La Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS). Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Laura Aramburu
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007, Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007, Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de La Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS). Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Consuelo Gajate
- Laboratory of Cell Death and Cancer Therapy, Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), E-28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alba Vicente-Blázquez
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007, Salamanca, Spain; Laboratory of Cell Death and Cancer Therapy, Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), E-28040, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007, Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de La Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS). Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Faustino Mollinedo
- Laboratory of Cell Death and Cancer Therapy, Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), E-28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Manuel Medarde
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007, Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007, Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de La Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS). Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Rafael Peláez
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007, Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007, Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de La Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS). Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007, Salamanca, Spain.
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Yetkin-Arik B, Kastelein AW, Klaassen I, Jansen CHJR, Latul YP, Vittori M, Biri A, Kahraman K, Griffioen AW, Amant F, Lok CAR, Schlingemann RO, van Noorden CJF. Angiogenesis in gynecological cancers and the options for anti-angiogenesis therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1875:188446. [PMID: 33058997 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is required in cancer, including gynecological cancers, for the growth of primary tumors and secondary metastases. Development of anti-angiogenesis therapy in gynecological cancers and improvement of its efficacy have been a major focus of fundamental and clinical research. However, survival benefits of current anti-angiogenic agents, such as bevacizumab, in patients with gynecological cancer, are modest. Therefore, a better understanding of angiogenesis and the tumor microenvironment in gynecological cancers is urgently needed to develop more effective anti-angiogenic therapies, either or not in combination with other therapeutic approaches. We describe the molecular aspects of (tumor) blood vessel formation and the tumor microenvironment and provide an extensive clinical overview of current anti-angiogenic therapies for gynecological cancers. We discuss the different phenotypes of angiogenic endothelial cells as potential therapeutic targets, strategies aimed at intervention in their metabolism, and approaches targeting their (inflammatory) tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Yetkin-Arik
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arnoud W Kastelein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Ingeborg Klaassen
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte H J R Jansen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yani P Latul
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Miloš Vittori
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aydan Biri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Koru Ankara Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Korhan Kahraman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bahcesehir University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arjan W Griffioen
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frederic Amant
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Center for Gynaecological Oncology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Center for Gynaecological Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Center for Gynaecological Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christianne A R Lok
- Center for Gynaecological Oncology, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Reinier O Schlingemann
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cornelis J F van Noorden
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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The influence of hypoxia and energy depletion on the response of endothelial cells to the vascular disrupting agent combretastatin A-4-phosphate. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9926. [PMID: 32555222 PMCID: PMC7303175 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66568-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Combretastatin A-4 phosphate (CA4P) is a microtubule-disrupting tumour-selective vascular disrupting agent (VDA). CA4P activates the actin-regulating RhoA-GTPase/ ROCK pathway, which is required for full vascular disruption. While hypoxia renders tumours resistant to many conventional therapies, little is known about its influence on VDA activity. Here, we found that active RhoA and ROCK effector phospho-myosin light chain (pMLC) were downregulated in endothelial cells by severe hypoxia. CA4P failed to activate RhoA/ROCK/pMLC but its activity was restored upon reoxygenation. Hypoxia also inhibited CA4P-mediated actinomyosin contractility, VE-cadherin junction disruption and permeability rise. Glucose withdrawal downregulated pMLC, and coupled with hypoxia, reduced pMLC faster and more profoundly than hypoxia alone. Concurrent inhibition of glycolysis (2-deoxy-D-glucose, 2DG) and mitochondrial respiration (rotenone) caused profound actin filament loss, blocked RhoA/ROCK signalling and rendered microtubules CA4P-resistant. Withdrawal of the metabolism inhibitors restored the cytoskeleton and CA4P activity. The AMP-activated kinase AMPK was investigated as a potential mediator of pMLC downregulation. Pharmacological AMPK activators that generate AMP, unlike allosteric activators, downregulated pMLC but only when combined with 2DG and/or rotenone. Altogether, our results suggest that Rho/ROCK and actinomyosin contractility are regulated by AMP/ATP levels independently of AMPK, and point to hypoxia/energy depletion as potential modifiers of CA4P response.
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Daei Farshchi Adli A, Jahanban-Esfahlan R, Seidi K, Farajzadeh D, Behzadi R, Zarghami N. Co-Administration of Vadimezan and Recombinant Coagulase-NGR Inhibits Growth of Melanoma Tumor in Mice. Adv Pharm Bull 2020; 11:385-392. [PMID: 33880362 PMCID: PMC8046391 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2021.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Tumor vascular targeting appeared as an appealing approach to fight cancer, though, the results from the clinical trials and drugs in the market were proved otherwise. The promise of anti-angiogenic therapy as the leading tumor vascular targeting strategy was negatively affected with the discovery that tumor vascularization can occur non-angiogenic mechanisms such as co-option. An additional strategy is induction of tumor vascular infarction and ischemia. Methods: Such that we used truncated coagulase (tCoa) coupled to tumor endothelial targeting moieties to produce tCoa-NGR fusion proteins. We showed that tCoa-NGR can bypass coagulation cascade to induce selective vascular thrombosis and infarction of mild and highly proliferative solid tumors in mice. Moreover, combination therapy can be used to improve the potential of cancer vascular targeting modalities. Herein, we report combination of tCoa-NGR with vascular disrupting agent (VDA), vadimezan. Results: Our results show that synergistic work of these two agents can significantly suppress growth of B16-F10 melanoma tumors in C57/BL6 mice. Conclusion: For the first time, we used the simultaneous benefits of two strategies for inducing thrombosis and destruction of tumor vasculature as spatial co-operation. The tCoa-NGR induce thrombosis which reduces blood flow in the peripheral tumor region. And combined with the action of DMXAA, which target inner tumor mass, growth and proliferation of melanoma tumors can be significantly suppressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Daei Farshchi Adli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rana Jahanban-Esfahlan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khaled Seidi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Davoud Farajzadeh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ramezan Behzadi
- North Research Center, Pasture Institute of Iran, Tehran, Amol, Iran
| | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Chen D, Qu X, Shao J, Wang W, Dong X. Anti-vascular nano agents: a promising approach for cancer treatment. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:2990-3004. [PMID: 32211649 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02957e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Anti-vascular agents (AVAs) are a class of promising therapeutic agents with tumor vasculature targeting properties, which can be divided into two types: anti-angiogenic agents (AAAs, inhibit angiogenesis factors) and vascular disrupting agents (VDAs, disrupt established tumor vasculature). AVAs exhibit an enhanced anti-cancer effect by cutting off the oxygen and nutrition supplement channels of tumors. However, the intrinsic drawbacks, such as poor hydrophilicity, undesirable membrane permeability and inferior tumor targeting ability, discount their anti-vascular efficacy. Fortunately, the development of nanotechnology has brought an opportunity for efficient delivery of AVAs to tumour sites with great therapeutic efficacy. The works summarized in this review will provide an understanding of recent advances of anti-vascular nano agents (AVNAs) with a goal to define the mechanism of anti-vascular-based cancer therapy and discuss the challenges and opportunities of AVNAs for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211800, China.
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Álvarez R, Aramburu L, Gajate C, Vicente-Blázquez A, Mollinedo F, Medarde M, Peláez R. Potent colchicine-site ligands with improved intrinsic solubility by replacement of the 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl ring with a 2-methylsulfanyl-6-methoxypyridine ring. Bioorg Chem 2020; 98:103755. [PMID: 32200330 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Colchicine site antimitotic agents typically suffer from low aqueous solubilities and are formulated as phosphate prodrugs of phenolic groups. These hydroxyl groups are the aim of metabolic transformations leading to resistance. There is an urgent need for more intrinsically soluble analogues lacking these hydroxyl groups. The 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl ring of combretastatin A-4 is a liability in terms of solubility but it is considered essential for high cytotoxic and tubulin polymerization inhibitory (TPI) activity. We have synthesized 36 new analogues of combretastatin A-4 replacing the trimethoxyphenyl moiety with more polar pyridine based moieties, measured their aqueous solubility, and studied their anti-proliferative effects against 3 human cancer cell lines. We show here that pyridine rings can be successful replacements for the trimethoxyphenyl ring, resulting in potent and more soluble analogues. The more straightforward replacement, a 2,6-dimethoxypyridine ring led to inactive analogues, but a 2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanylpyridine moiety led to active analogues when combined with different B rings. This replacement led to potent cytotoxic activity against sensitive human cancer cell lines due to tubulin inhibition, as shown by cell cycle analysis, confocal microscopy, and tubulin polymerization inhibitory activity studies. Cell cycle analysis also showed apoptotic responses following treatment. Docking studies suggested binding at the colchicine site of tubulin and provided a good agreement with the observed SAR. A 2-methoxy-6-methylsulfanylpyridine moiety is a good trimethoxyphenyl ring replacement for the development of new colchicine site ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Laura Aramburu
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Consuelo Gajate
- Laboratory of Cell Death and Cancer Therapy, Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alba Vicente-Blázquez
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; Laboratory of Cell Death and Cancer Therapy, Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), E-28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Faustino Mollinedo
- Laboratory of Cell Death and Cancer Therapy, Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Manuel Medarde
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Rafael Peláez
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain.
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Predicting Clinical Efficacy of Vascular Disrupting Agents in Rodent Models of Primary and Secondary Liver Cancers: An Overview with Imaging-Histopathology Correlation. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10020078. [PMID: 32024029 PMCID: PMC7168934 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10020078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular disrupting agents (VDAs) have entered clinical trials for over 15 years. As the leading VDA, combretastatin A4 phosphate (CA4P) has been evaluated in combination with chemotherapy and molecular targeting agents among patients with ovarian cancer, lung cancer and thyroid cancer, but still remains rarely explored in human liver cancers. To overcome tumor residues and regrowth after CA4P monotherapy, a novel dual targeting pan-anticancer theragnostic strategy, i.e., OncoCiDia, has been developed and shown promise previously in secondary liver tumor models. Animal model of primary liver cancer is time consuming to induce, but of value for more closely mimicking human liver cancers in terms of tumor angiogenesis, histopathological heterogeneity, cellular differentiation, tumor components, cancer progression and therapeutic response. Being increasingly adopted in VDA researches, multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides imaging biomarkers to reflect in vivo tumor responses to drugs. In this article as a chapter of a doctoral thesis, we overview the construction and clinical relevance of primary and secondary liver cancer models in rodents. Target selection for CA4P therapy assisted by enhanced MRI using hepatobiliary contrast agents (CAs), and therapeutic efficacy evaluated by using MRI with a non-specific contrast agent, dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) imaging, diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) are also described. We then summarize diverse responses among primary hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), secondary liver and pancreatic tumors to CA4P, which appeared to be related to tumor size, vascularity, and cellular differentiation. In general, imaging-histopathology correlation studies allow to conclude that CA4P tends to be more effective in secondary liver tumors and in more differentiated HCCs, but less effective in less differentiated HCCs and implanted pancreatic tumor. Notably, cirrhotic liver may be responsive to CA4P as well. All these could be instructive for future clinical trials of VDAs.
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Colchicine-Binding Site Inhibitors from Chemistry to Clinic: A Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13010008. [PMID: 31947889 PMCID: PMC7168938 DOI: 10.3390/ph13010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is over 50 years since the discovery of microtubules, and they have become one of the most important drug targets for anti-cancer therapies. Microtubules are predominantly composed of the protein tubulin, which contains a number of different binding sites for small-molecule drugs. There is continued interest in drug development for compounds targeting the colchicine-binding site of tubulin, termed colchicine-binding site inhibitors (CBSIs). This review highlights CBSIs discovered through diverse sources: from natural compounds, rational design, serendipitously and via high-throughput screening. We provide an update on CBSIs reported in the past three years and discuss the clinical status of CBSIs. It is likely that efforts will continue to develop CBSIs for a diverse set of cancers, and this review provides a timely update on recent developments.
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Liu Y, Guan Q, Kong X, De Keyzer F, Feng Y, Chen F, Yu J, Liu J, Song S, van Pelt J, Swinnen J, Bormans G, Oyen R, Wang S, Huang G, Ni Y, Li Y. Predicting Therapeutic Efficacy of Vascular Disrupting Agent CA4P in Rats with Liver Tumors by Hepatobiliary Contrast Agent Mn-DPDP-Enhanced MRI. Transl Oncol 2019; 13:92-101. [PMID: 31810003 PMCID: PMC6909075 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2019.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate hepatobiliary-specific contrast agent (CA) mangafodipir trisodium (Mn-DPDP)–enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for predicting the therapeutic efficacy of the vascular disrupting agent combretastatin A4 phosphate (CA4P) in rats with primary and secondary liver tumors, 36 primary hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) were raised by diethylnitrosamine gavage in 16 male rats, in 6 of which one rhabdomyosarcomas (R1) was intrahepatically implanted as secondary liver tumors. On a 3.0T MR scanner with a wrist coil, tumors were monitored weekly by T2-/T1-weighted images (T2WI/T1WI) and characterized by Mn-DPDP-enhanced MRI. CA4P-induced intratumoral necrosis was depicted by nonspecific gadoterate meglumine (Gd-DOTA)–enhanced MRI before and 12 h after therapy. Changes of tumor-to-liver contrast (ΔT/L) on Mn-DPDP-enhanced images were analyzed. In vivo MRI findings were verified by postmortem microangiography and histopathology. Rat models of primary HCCs in a full spectrum of differentiation and secondary R1 liver tumors were successfully generated. Mn-DPDP-enhanced ΔT/L was negatively correlated with HCC differentiation grade (P < 0.01). After treatment with CA4P, more extensive tumoral necrosis was found in highly differentiated HCCs than that in moderately and poorly differentiated ones (P < 0.01); nearly complete necrosis was induced in secondary liver tumors. Mn-DPDP-enhanced MRI may help in imaging diagnosis of primary and secondary liver malignancies of different cellular differentiations and further in predicting CA4P therapeutic efficacy in primary HCCs and intrahepatic metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yewei Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China; Biomedical Group, Campus Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China; Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM) & Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qiu Guan
- College of Computer Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiangyong Kong
- College of Computer Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | | | - Yuanbo Feng
- Biomedical Group, Campus Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Feng Chen
- Biomedical Group, Campus Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Jie Yu
- Biomedical Group, Campus Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China; Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Shaoli Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jos van Pelt
- Biomedical Group, Campus Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Johan Swinnen
- Biomedical Group, Campus Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Guy Bormans
- Biomedical Group, Campus Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Raymond Oyen
- Biomedical Group, Campus Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Shuncong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China; Biomedical Group, Campus Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Gang Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China; Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China; Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM) & Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Yicheng Ni
- Biomedical Group, Campus Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
| | - Yue Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China; Biomedical Group, Campus Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
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Álvarez R, Gajate C, Puebla P, Mollinedo F, Medarde M, Peláez R. Substitution at the indole 3 position yields highly potent indolecombretastatins against human tumor cells. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 158:167-183. [PMID: 30216850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.08.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to combretastatin A-4 is mediated by metabolic modification of the phenolic hydroxyl and ether groups of the 3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl (B ring). Replacement of the B ring of combretastatin A-4 by a N-methyl-5-indolyl reduces tubulin polymerization inhibition (TPI) and cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines but cyano, methoxycarbonyl, formyl, and hydroxyiminomethyl substitutions at the indole 3-position restores potent TPI and cytotoxicity against sensitive human cancer cell lines. These highly potent substituted derivatives displayed low nanomolar cytotoxicity against several human cancer cell lines due to tubulin inhibition, as shown by cell cycle analysis, confocal microscopy, and tubulin polymerization inhibitory activity studies, and promoted cell killing mediated by caspase-3 activation. Binding at the colchicine site was suggested by molecular modeling studies. Substituted combretastatins displayed higher potencies than the isomeric isocombretastatins and the highest potencies were achieved for the hydroxyiminomethyl (21) and cyano (23) groups, with TPI values in the submicromolar range and cytotoxicities in the nanomolar and subnanomolar range. Dose-response and time-course studies showed that drug concentrations as low as 1 nM (23) or 10 nM (21) led to a complete G2/M cell cycle arrest after 15 h treatment followed by a high apoptosis-like cell response after 48-72 h treatment. The P-glycoprotein antagonist verapamil increased 21 and 23 cytotoxicity to IC50 values of 10-10 M, and highly potentiated the cytotoxic activity in 100-fold of the CHO derivative (17), in A-549 human non-small cell lung cancer cells. The cyano substituted indolecombretastatin 23 is by itself highly potent against rather resistant HT-29 and A-549 cell lines. A 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl ring always afforded more potent derivatives than a 2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007, Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007, Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS). Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Consuelo Gajate
- Laboratory of Cell Death and Cancer Therapy, Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), E-28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pilar Puebla
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007, Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007, Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS). Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Faustino Mollinedo
- Laboratory of Cell Death and Cancer Therapy, Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), E-28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Manuel Medarde
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007, Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007, Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS). Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Rafael Peláez
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007, Salamanca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007, Salamanca, Spain; Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS). Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007, Salamanca, Spain.
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11
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Liu YW, De Keyzer F, Feng YB, Chen F, Song SL, Swinnen J, Bormans G, Oyen R, Huang G, Ni YC. Intra-individual comparison of therapeutic responses to vascular disrupting agent CA4P between rodent primary and secondary liver cancers. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:2710-2721. [PMID: 29991876 PMCID: PMC6034151 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i25.2710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To compare therapeutic responses of a vascular-disrupting-agent, combretastatin-A4-phosphate (CA4P), among hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) and implanted rhabdomyosarcoma (R1) in the same rats by magnetic-resonance-imaging (MRI), microangiography and histopathology.
METHODS Thirty-six HCCs were created by diethylnitrosamine gavage in 14 rats that were also intrahepatically implanted with one R1 per rat as monitored by T2-/T1-weighted images (T2WI/T1WI) on a 3.0T clinical MRI-scanner. Vascular response and tumoral necrosis were detected by dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE-) and CE-MRI before, 1 h after and 12 h after CA4P iv at 10 mg/kg (treatment group n = 7) or phosphate-buffered saline at 1.0 mL/kg (control group n = 7). Tumor blood supply was calculated by a semiquantitative DCE parameter of area under the time signal intensity curve (AUC30). In vivo MRI findings were verified by postmortem techniques.
RESULTS On CE-T1WIs, unlike the negative response in all tumors of control animals, in treatment group CA4P caused rapid extensive vascular shutdown in all R1-tumors, but mildly or spottily in HCCs at 1 h. Consequently, tumor necrosis occurred massively in R1-tumors but patchily in HCCs at 12 h. AUC30 revealed vascular closure (66%) in R1-tumors at 1 h (P < 0.05), followed by further perfusion decrease at 12 h (P < 0.01), while less significant vascular clogging occurred in HCCs. Histomorphologically, CA4P induced more extensive necrosis in R1-tumors (92.6%) than in HCCs (50.2%) (P < 0.01); tumor vascularity heterogeneously scored +~+++ in HCCs but homogeneously scored ++ in R1-tumors.
CONCLUSION This study suggests superior performance of CA4P in metastatic over primary liver cancers, which could guide future clinical applications of vascular-disrupting-agents.
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MESH Headings
- Angiography
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/therapeutic use
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/blood supply
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/chemically induced
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Contrast Media/administration & dosage
- Diethylnitrosamine/toxicity
- Humans
- Liver/diagnostic imaging
- Liver/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/blood supply
- Liver Neoplasms/chemically induced
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/diagnostic imaging
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods
- Male
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Rats
- Rhabdomyosarcoma/blood supply
- Rhabdomyosarcoma/drug therapy
- Rhabdomyosarcoma/pathology
- Rhabdomyosarcoma/secondary
- Stilbenes/pharmacology
- Stilbenes/therapeutic use
- Treatment Outcome
- Tumor Microenvironment/drug effects
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Wei Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
- Biomedical Group, Campus Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
- Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM) & Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200025, China
| | | | - Yuan-Bo Feng
- Biomedical Group, Campus Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Feng Chen
- Biomedical Group, Campus Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Shao-Li Song
- Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Johan Swinnen
- Biomedical Group, Campus Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Guy Bormans
- Biomedical Group, Campus Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Raymond Oyen
- Biomedical Group, Campus Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Gang Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
- Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM) & Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yi-Cheng Ni
- Biomedical Group, Campus Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
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12
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Shepherd J, Fisher M, Welford A, McDonald DM, Kanthou C, Tozer GM. The protective role of sphingosine-1-phosphate against the action of the vascular disrupting agent combretastatin A-4 3- O-phosphate. Oncotarget 2017; 8:95648-95661. [PMID: 29221156 PMCID: PMC5707050 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid tumours vary in sensitivity to the vascular disrupting agent combretastatin A-4 3-O-phosphate (CA4P), but underlying factors are poorly understood. The signaling sphingolipid, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), promotes vascular barrier integrity by promoting assembly of VE-cadherin/β-catenin complexes. We tested the hypothesis that tumour pre-treatment with S1P would render tumours less susceptible to CA4P. S1P (1μM) pretreatment attenuated an increase in endothelial cell (HUVEC) monolayer permeability induced by 10μM CA4P. Intravenously administered S1P (8mg/kg/hr for 20 minutes then 2mg/kg/hr for 40 minutes), reduced CA4P-induced (30mg/kg) blood flow shut-down in fibrosarcoma tumours in SCID mice (n≥7 per group), as measured by tumour retention of an intravenously administered fluorescent lectin. A trend towards in vivo protection was also found using laser Doppler flowmetry. Immunohistochemical staining of tumours ex vivo revealed disrupted patterns of VE-cadherin in vasculature of mice treated with CA4P, which were decreased by pretreatment with S1P. S1P treatment also stabilized N-cadherin junctions between endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells in culture, and stabilized tubulin filaments in HUVEC monolayers. We conclude that the rapid shutdown of tumour microvasculature by CA4P is due in part to disruption of adherens junctions and that S1P has a protective effect on both adherens junctions and the endothelial cell cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Shepherd
- Current/Present address: School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Claremont Crescent, Sheffield, UK
| | - Matthew Fisher
- Tumour Microcirculation Group, The University of Sheffield, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Sheffield, UK
| | - Abigail Welford
- Tumour Microcirculation Group, The University of Sheffield, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Sheffield, UK
| | - Donald M McDonald
- UCSF Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, and Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chryso Kanthou
- Tumour Microcirculation Group, The University of Sheffield, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Sheffield, UK
| | - Gillian M Tozer
- Tumour Microcirculation Group, The University of Sheffield, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Sheffield, UK
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13
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Ojha T, Pathak V, Shi Y, Hennink WE, Moonen CTW, Storm G, Kiessling F, Lammers T. Pharmacological and physical vessel modulation strategies to improve EPR-mediated drug targeting to tumors. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 119:44-60. [PMID: 28697952 PMCID: PMC5919100 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The performance of nanomedicine formulations depends on the Enhanced Permeability and Retention (EPR) effect. Prototypic nanomedicine-based drug delivery systems, such as liposomes, polymers and micelles, aim to exploit the EPR effect to accumulate at pathological sites, to thereby improve the balance between drug efficacy and toxicity. Thus far, however, tumor-targeted nanomedicines have not yet managed to achieve convincing therapeutic results, at least not in large cohorts of patients. This is likely mostly due to high inter- and intra-patient heterogeneity in EPR. Besides developing (imaging) biomarkers to monitor and predict EPR, another strategy to address this heterogeneity is the establishment of vessel modulation strategies to homogenize and improve EPR. Over the years, several pharmacological and physical co-treatments have been evaluated to improve EPR-mediated tumor targeting. These include pharmacological strategies, such as vessel permeabilization, normalization, disruption and promotion, as well as physical EPR enhancement via hyperthermia, radiotherapy, sonoporation and phototherapy. In the present manuscript, we summarize exemplary studies showing that pharmacological and physical vessel modulation strategies can be used to improve tumor-targeted drug delivery, and we discuss how these advanced combination regimens can be optimally employed to enhance the (pre-) clinical performance of tumor-targeted nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Ojha
- Department of Nanomedicines and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), RWTH Aachen University Clinic, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vertika Pathak
- Department of Nanomedicines and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), RWTH Aachen University Clinic, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Yang Shi
- Department of Nanomedicines and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), RWTH Aachen University Clinic, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Wim E Hennink
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chrit T W Moonen
- Imaging division, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Storm
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Targeted Therapeutics, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Department of Nanomedicines and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), RWTH Aachen University Clinic, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Nanomedicines and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), RWTH Aachen University Clinic, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Targeted Therapeutics, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
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14
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Resistance to metronomic chemotherapy and ways to overcome it. Cancer Lett 2017; 400:311-318. [PMID: 28259819 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic resistance is amongst the major determinants of cancer mortality. Contrary to initial expectations, antivascular therapies are equally prone to inherent or acquired resistance as other cancer treatment modalities. However, studies into resistance to vascular endothelial growth factor pathway inhibitors revealed distinct mechanisms of resistance compared to conventional cytotoxic therapy. While some of these novel mechanisms of resistance also appear to be functional regarding metronomic chemotherapy, herein we summarize available evidence for mechanisms of resistance specifically described in the context of metronomic chemotherapy. Numerous preclinically identified molecular targets and pathways represent promising avenues to overcome resistance and enhance the benefits achieved with metronomic chemotherapy eventually. However, there are considerable challenges to clinically translate the preclinical findings.
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15
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Pan P, Sun H, Liu H, Li D, Zhou W, Kong X, Li Y, Yu H, Hou T. In Silico Exploration for Novel Type-I Inhibitors of Tie-2/TEK: The Performance of Different Selection Strategy in Selecting Virtual Screening Candidates. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37628. [PMID: 27876862 PMCID: PMC5120310 DOI: 10.1038/srep37628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase Tie-2 is involved in vessel remodeling and maturation, and has been regarded as a potential target for the treatment of various solid tumors. The absence of novel, potent and selective inhibitors severely hampers the understanding of the therapeutic potential of Tie-2. In the present work, we describe the discovery of novel type-I inhibitors of Tie-2 by structure-based virtual screening. Preliminary SAR was also performed based on one active compound, and several novel inhibitors with low micro-molar affinity were discovered. To directly compare the efficiency between different filtering strategies in selecting VS candidates, two methods were separately carried out to screen the same chemical library, and the selected VS candidates were then experimentally assessed by in vitro enzymatic assays. The results demonstrate that the hit rate is improved when stricter drug-likeness criteria and less number of molecules for clustering analysis are used, and meanwhile, the molecular diversity of the compounds still maintains. As a case study of TIE-2, the information presented in this work underscores the importance of selecting an appropriate selection strategy in VS campaign, and the novel inhibitors identified and the detailed binding modes of action provide a starting point for further hit-to-lead optimization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peichen Pan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Huiyong Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Hui Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Dan Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Wenfang Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xiaotian Kong
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Youyong Li
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Huidong Yu
- Rongene Pharma Co., Ltd., International Business Incubator, Guangzhou Science Town, Guangdong 510663, China
| | - Tingjun Hou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,State Key Lab of CAD&CG, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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16
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A tumoural angiogenic gateway blocker, Benzophenone-1B represses the HIF-1α nuclear translocation and its target gene activation against neoplastic progression. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 125:26-40. [PMID: 27838496 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is an important module in all solid tumours to promote angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. Stabilization and subsequent nuclear localization of HIF-1α subunits result in the activation of tumour promoting target genes such as VEGF, MMPs, Flt-1, Ang-1 etc. which plays a pivotal role in adaptation of tumour cells to hypoxia. Increased HIF-α and its nuclear translocation have been correlated with pronounced angiogenesis, aggressive tumour growth and poor patient prognosis leading to current interest in HIF-1α as an anticancer drug target. Benzophenone-1B ([4-(1H-benzimidazol-2-ylmethoxy)-3,5-dimethylphenyl]-(4-methoxyphenyl) methanone, or BP-1B) is a new antineoplastic agent with potential angiopreventive effects. Current investigation reports the cellular biochemical modulation underlying BP-1B cytotoxic/antiangiogenic effects. Experimental evidences postulate that BP-1B exhibits the tumour specific cytotoxic actions against various cancer types with prolonged action. Moreover BP-1B efficiently counteracts endothelial cell capillary formation in in-vitro, in-vivo non-tumour and tumour angiogenic systems. Molecular signaling studies reveal that BP-1B arrests nuclear translocation of HIF-1α devoid of p42/44 pathway under CoCl2 induced hypoxic conditions in various cancer cells thereby leading to abrogated HIF-1α dependent activation of VEGF-A, Flt-1, MMP-2, MMP -9 and Ang-1 angiogenic factors resulting in retarded cell migration and invasions. The in-vitro results were reproducible in the reliable in-vivo solid tumour model. Taken together, we conclude that BP-1B impairs angiogenesis by blocking nuclear localization of HIF-1α which can be translated into a potent HIF-1α inhibitor.
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17
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Chia PL, Russell PA, Scott AM, John T. Targeting the vasculature: anti-angiogenic agents for malignant mesothelioma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2016; 16:1235-1245. [DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2016.1244008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Puey Ling Chia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Olivia-Newton John Cancer Research Institute, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Prudence A. Russell
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, St. Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew M Scott
- Olivia-Newton John Cancer Research Institute, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Thomas John
- Department of Medical Oncology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
- Olivia-Newton John Cancer Research Institute, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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18
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2-Methoxy-5((3,4,5-trimethosyphenyl)seleninyl) phenol (SQ0814061), a novel microtubule inhibitor, evokes G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human breast cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 78:308-321. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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19
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Pan P, Tian S, Sun H, Kong X, Zhou W, Li D, Li Y, Hou T. Identification and Preliminary SAR Analysis of Novel Type-I Inhibitors of TIE-2 via Structure-Based Virtual Screening and Biological Evaluation in in vitro Models. J Chem Inf Model 2015; 55:2693-704. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.5b00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sheng Tian
- Institute
of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | | | - Xiaotian Kong
- Institute
of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | | | | | - Youyong Li
- Institute
of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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20
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Greene LM, Meegan MJ, Zisterer DM. Combretastatins: more than just vascular targeting agents? J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015; 355:212-27. [PMID: 26354991 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.226225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Several prodrugs of the naturally occurring combretastatins have undergone extensive clinical evaluation as vascular targeting agents (VTAs). Their increased selectivity toward endothelial cells together with their innate ability to rapidly induce vascular shutdown and inhibit tumor growth at doses up to 10-fold less than the maximum tolerated dose led to the clinical evaluation of combretastatins as VTAs. Tubulin is well established as the molecular target of the combretastatins and the vast majority of its synthetic derivatives. Furthermore, tubulin is a highly validated molecular target of many direct anticancer agents routinely used as front-line chemotherapeutics. The unique vascular targeting properties of the combretastatins have somewhat overshadowed their development as direct anticancer agents and the delineation of the various cell death pathways and anticancer properties associated with such chemotherapeutics. Moreover, the ongoing clinical trial of OXi4503 (combretastatin-A1 diphosphate) together with preliminary preclinical evaluation for the treatment of refractory acute myelogenous leukemia has successfully highlighted both the indirect and direct anticancer properties of combretastatins. In this review, we discuss the development of the combretastatins from nature to the clinic. The various mechanisms underlying combretastatin-induced cell cycle arrest, mitotic catastrophe, cell death, and survival are also reviewed in an attempt to further enhance the clinical prospects of this unique class of VTAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Greene
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (L.M.G., D.M.Z.), and School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology (M.J.M.), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary J Meegan
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (L.M.G., D.M.Z.), and School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology (M.J.M.), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniela M Zisterer
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (L.M.G., D.M.Z.), and School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology (M.J.M.), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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21
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Williams LJ, Mukherjee D, Fisher M, Reyes-Aldasoro CC, Akerman S, Kanthou C, Tozer GM. An in vivo role for Rho kinase activation in the tumour vascular disrupting activity of combretastatin A-4 3-O-phosphate. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 171:4902-13. [PMID: 24930520 PMCID: PMC4294113 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Combretastatin A-4 3-O-phosphate (CA4P) is in clinical trial as a tumour vascular disrupting agent (VDA) but the cause of blood flow disruption is unclear. We tested the hypothesis that activation of Rho/Rho kinase (ROCK) is fundamental to the effects of this drug in vivo. Experimental Approach Mouse models of human colorectal carcinoma (SW1222 and LS174T) were used. Effects of the ROCK inhibitor, Y27632, alone or in combination with CA4P, on ROCK activity, vascular function, necrosis and immune cell infiltration in solid tumours were determined. Mean arterial BP (MABP) was measured to monitor systemic interactions and the vasodilator, hydralazine, was used to control for the hypotensive effects of Y27632. Key Results Y27632 caused a rapid drop in blood flow in SW1222 tumours, with recovery by around 3 h, which was paralleled by MABP changes. Y27632 pretreatment reduced CA4P-induced ROCK activation and partially blocked CA4P-induced tumour vascular effects, in both tumour types. Y27632 also partially inhibited CA4P-induced tumour necrosis and was associated with reduced immune cell infiltration in SW1222 tumours. Hydralazine caused a similar hypotensive effect as Y27632 but had no protective effect against CA4P treatment. Conclusions and Implications These results demonstrate that ROCK activity is critical for full manifestation of the vascular activity of CA4P in vivo, providing the evidence for pharmacological intervention to enhance the anti-tumour efficacy of CA4P and related VDAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Williams
- Tumour Microcirculation Group, Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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22
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Abstract
Vascular disrupting agents (VDAs) are an important class of compounds that exhibit selective activity against pre-existing tumor vasculature, causing rapid shutdown of the tumor blood flow and consequent necrosis of the tumor mass. The VDAs can be divided into flavonoid compounds, which are related to flavone acetic acid, and tubulin-binding agents. Tubulin-binding agents represent the largest group of VDAs and are characterized by different chemical structures, although most of them are derivatives of the lead compound combretastatin (CA-4). They demonstrated clinical activity, although recent findings have established that they have insufficient activity as single agents. Several resistance mechanisms occur, such as the resistance of the tumor rim cells, while promising results have been described in combination with other chemotherapeutics.
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23
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Tabassum S, Asim A, Khan RA, Arjmand F, Rajakumar D, Balaji P, Akbarsha MA. A multifunctional molecular entity Cu II–Sn IV heterobimetallic complex as a potential cancer chemotherapeutic agent: DNA binding/cleavage, SOD mimetic, topoisomerase Iα inhibitory and in vitro cytotoxic activities. RSC Adv 2015; 5:47439-47450. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra07333b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
New chiral l-valine-derived Schiff base complexes with the bioactive heterocyclic ligand scaffold pyrazole (Hpz) were designed and synthesized with a view to find their potential as anticancer chemotherapeutic drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sartaj Tabassum
- Department of Chemistry
- Aligarh Muslim University
- Aligarh-202002
- India
| | - Ahmad Asim
- Department of Chemistry
- Aligarh Muslim University
- Aligarh-202002
- India
| | - Rais Ahmad Khan
- Department of Chemistry
- King Saud University
- Riyadh
- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Farukh Arjmand
- Department of Chemistry
- Aligarh Muslim University
- Aligarh-202002
- India
| | - Dhivya Rajakumar
- Department of Biomedical Science
- Bharathidasan University
- Tiruchirappalli 620 024
- India
| | - Perumalsamy Balaji
- Department of Biomedical Science
- Bharathidasan University
- Tiruchirappalli 620 024
- India
| | - Mohammad Abdulkader Akbarsha
- Mahatma Gandhi-Doerenkamp Center (MGDC) for Alternatives to Use of Animals in Life Science Education
- Bharathidasan University
- Tiruchirappalli 620 024
- India
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition
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24
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Lee JA, Biel NM, Kozikowski RT, Siemann DW, Sorg BS. In vivo spectral and fluorescence microscopy comparison of microvascular function after treatment with OXi4503, Sunitinib and their combination in Caki-2 tumors. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 5:1965-79. [PMID: 24940553 PMCID: PMC4052922 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.001965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Vascular targeting agents on their own have been shown to be insufficient for complete treatment of solid tumors, emphasizing the importance of studying the vascular effects of these drugs for their use with conventional therapies in the clinic. First-pass fluorescence imaging combined with hyperspectral imaging of hemoglobin saturation of microvessels in the murine dorsal window chamber model provides an easily implementable, low cost method to analyze tumor vascular response to these agents in real-time. In this study, the authors utilized these methods to spectroscopically demonstrate distinct vessel structure, blood flow and oxygenation changes in human Caki-2 renal cell carcinoma following treatment with OXi4503 alone, Sunitinib alone and both drugs together. We showed that treatment with OXi4503 plus Sunitinib destroyed existing tumor microvessels, inhibited blood vessel recovery and impaired Caki-2 tumor growth significantly more than either treatment alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Lee
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Biomedical Sciences Building, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Nikolett M. Biel
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Cancer and Genetics Research Complex, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | | | - Dietmar W. Siemann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Brian S. Sorg
- Cancer Diagnosis Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
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25
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Sanghai N, Jain V, Preet R, Kandekar S, Das S, Trivedi N, Mohapatra P, Priyadarshani G, Kashyap M, Das D, Satapathy SR, Siddharth S, Guchhait SK, Kundu CN, Bharatam PV. Combretastatin A-4 inspired novel 2-aryl-3-arylamino-imidazo-pyridines/pyrazines as tubulin polymerization inhibitors, antimitotic and anticancer agents. MEDCHEMCOMM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3md00357d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Novel 2-aryl-3-arylamino-imidazo-pyridines/pyrazines that exhibit potent tubulin polymerization inhibition, anticancer activity, anti-migration of cancer cells, chromosomal damage, and apoptosis have been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitesh Sanghai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- S. A. S. Nagar (Mohali), India
| | - Vaibhav Jain
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- S. A. S. Nagar (Mohali), India
| | - Ranjan Preet
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University
- Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Somnath Kandekar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- S. A. S. Nagar (Mohali), India
| | - Sarita Das
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University
- Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Neha Trivedi
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- S. A. S. Nagar (Mohali), India
| | | | - Garima Priyadarshani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- S. A. S. Nagar (Mohali), India
| | - Maneesh Kashyap
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- S. A. S. Nagar (Mohali), India
| | - Dipon Das
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University
- Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | | | - Sankar K. Guchhait
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- S. A. S. Nagar (Mohali), India
| | | | - Prasad V. Bharatam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- S. A. S. Nagar (Mohali), India
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
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26
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Akerman S, Fisher M, Daniel RA, Lefley D, Reyes-Aldasoro CC, Lunt SJ, Harris S, Bjorndahl M, Williams LJ, Evans H, Barber PR, Prise VE, Vojnovic B, Kanthou C, Tozer GM. Influence of soluble or matrix-bound isoforms of vascular endothelial growth factor-A on tumor response to vascular-targeted strategies. Int J Cancer 2013; 133:2563-76. [PMID: 23712501 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2012] [Revised: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antiangiogenic therapy based on blocking the actions of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF) can lead to "normalization" of blood vessels in both animal and human tumors. Differential expression of VEGF isoforms affects tumor vascular maturity, which could influence the normalization process and response to subsequent treatment. Fibrosarcoma cells expressing only VEGF120 or VEGF188 isoforms were implanted either subcutaneously (s.c.) or in dorsal skin-fold "window" chambers in SCID mice. VEGF120 was associated with vascular fragility and hemorrhage. Tumor-bearing mice were treated with repeat doses of SU5416, an indolinone receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor with activity against VEGFR-2 and proven preclinical ability to induce tumor vascular normalization. SU5416 reduced vascularization in s.c. implants of both VEGF120 and VEGF188 tumors. However, in the window chamber, SU5416 treatment increased red cell velocity in VEGF120 (representing vascular normalization) but not VEGF188 tumors. SU5416 treatment had no effect on growth or necrosis levels in either tumor type but tended to counteract the increase in interstitial fluid pressure seen with growth of VEGF120 tumors. SU5416 pretreatment resulted in the normally fragile blood vessels in VEGF120-expressing tumors becoming resistant to the vascular damaging effects of the tubulin-binding vascular disrupting agent (VDA), combretastatin A4 3-O-phosphate (CA4P). Thus, vascular normalization induced by antiangiogenic treatment can reduce the efficacy of subsequent VDA treatment. Expression of VEGF120 made tumors particularly susceptible to vascular normalization by SU5416, which in turn made them resistant to CA4P. Therefore, VEGF isoform expression may be useful for predicting response to both antiangiogenic and vascular-disrupting therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Akerman
- Tumor Microcirculation Group, CR-UK/YCR Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, University of Sheffield, Department of Oncology, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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27
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Baker JHE, Kyle AH, Bartels KL, Methot SP, Flanagan EJ, Balbirnie A, Cran JD, Minchinton AI. Targeting the tumour vasculature: exploitation of low oxygenation and sensitivity to NOS inhibition by treatment with a hypoxic cytotoxin. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76832. [PMID: 24204680 PMCID: PMC3810379 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Many cancer research efforts focus on exploiting genetic-level features that may be targeted for therapy. Tissue-level features of the tumour microenvironment also represent useful therapeutic targets. Here we investigate the presence of low oxygen tension and sensitivity to NOS inhibition of tumour vasculature as potential tumour-specific features that may be targeted by hypoxic cytotoxins, a class of therapeutics currently under investigation. We have previously demonstrated that tirapazamine (TPZ) mediates central vascular dysfunction in tumours. TPZ is a hypoxic cytotoxin that is also a competitive inhibitor of NOS. Here we further investigated the vascular-targeting activity of TPZ by combining it with NOS inhibitor L-NNA, or with low oxygen content gas breathing. Tumours were analyzed via multiplex immunohistochemical staining that revealed irreversible loss of perfusion and enhanced tumour cell death when TPZ was combined with either low oxygen or a NOS inhibitor. Tumour growth rate was reduced by TPZ + NOS inhibition, and tumours previously resistant to TPZ-mediated vascular dysfunction were sensitized by low oxygen breathing. Additional mapping analysis suggests that tumours with reduced vascular-associated stroma may have greater sensitivity to these effects. These results indicate that poorly oxygenated tumour vessels, also being abnormally organized and with inadequate smooth muscle, may be successfully targeted for significant anti-cancer effects by inhibition of NOS and hypoxia-activated prodrug toxicity. This strategy illustrates a novel use of hypoxia-activated cytotoxic prodrugs as vascular targeting agents, and also represents a novel mechanism for targeting tumour vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H E Baker
- Integrative Oncology - Radiation Biology Unit, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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28
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Ranganatha VL, Vijay Avin BR, Thirusangu P, Prashanth T, Prabhakar BT, Khanum SA. Synthesis, angiopreventive activity, and in vivo tumor inhibition of novel benzophenone-benzimidazole analogs. Life Sci 2013; 93:904-11. [PMID: 24135459 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM The development of anticancer drugs with specific targets is of prime importance in modern biology. This study investigates the angiopreventive and in vivo tumor inhibition activities of novel synthetic benzophenone-benzimidazole analogs. MAIN METHODS The multistep synthesis of novel benzophenone-benzimidazole analogs (8a-n) allowing substitution with methoxy, methyl and halogen groups at different positions on the identical chemical backbone and the variations in the number of substituents were synthesized and characterized. The newly synthesized compounds were further evaluated for cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells. The potent lead compounds were further assessed for antiangiogenic effects in a CAM model and a tumor-induced vasculature in vivo model. The effect of angioprevention on tumor growth was verified in a mouse model. KEY FINDINGS The cytotoxicity studies revealed that compounds 8f and 8n are strongly cytotoxic. Analyzing the structure-activity relationship, we found that an increase in the number of methyl groups in addition to methoxy substitution at the para position of the benzoyl ring in compound 8n resulted in higher potency compared to 8f. Furthermore, neovessel formation in in vivo systems, such as the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and tumor-induced mice peritoneum models, was significantly suppressed and reflected the tumor inhibition observed in mice. SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest the potential clinical application of compound 8n as an antiangiogenic drug for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Lakshmi Ranganatha
- Department of Chemistry, Yuvaraj's College (Autonomous), University of Mysore, Mysore 570 005, Karnataka, India
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29
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A review of vascular disrupting agents as a concomitant anti-tumour modality with radiation. JOURNAL OF RADIOTHERAPY IN PRACTICE 2013. [DOI: 10.1017/s1460396912000465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundTumour vasculature plays an important role in the development, maintenance and sustainability of a tumour. Endothelial cells which are recruited into the tumour stroma facilitate the formation of essential blood vessels that deliver nutrients and oxygen to tumour cells. A growing body of research is showing that there are synergistic anti-tumour effects when anti-vascular agents are combined with radiation. More recent reports have described favourable radiation response as a function of vascular targeting and blood vessel breakdown, primarily through interactions of radiation with vascular endothelial cells. Vascular disrupting agents are being utilised in several forms that include molecular targeting, biophysical assault and biological interference.PurposeIn the present review, we examine current advances in anti-vascular agents to enhance tumour response when combined with radiation therapy.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted on the US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health (PubMed) using the following search keywords: vascular disrupting agents, radiation sensitisation, anti-angiogenic therapy, anti-vascular therapy, radiation therapy.ConclusionCurrent research suggests the applicability of vascular disrupting agents as an effective radiation sensitisation agent. Pre-clinical and clinical trials have been well developed to form the theoretical framework to apply this powerful modality to the treatment of cancer.
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30
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ZHANG CHONG, ZHOU SHUANGSHUANG, LI XIANGRONG, WANG BAOMING, LIN NENGMING, FENG LINYI, ZHANG DAYONG, ZHANG LIHUANG, WANG JUNBO, PAN JIANPING. Enhanced antitumor activity by the combination of dasatinib and combretastatin A-4 in vitro and in vivo. Oncol Rep 2013; 29:2275-82. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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31
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Álvarez R, Puebla P, Díaz JF, Bento AC, García-Navas R, de la Iglesia-Vicente J, Mollinedo F, Andreu JM, Medarde M, Peláez R. Endowing Indole-Based Tubulin Inhibitors with an Anchor for Derivatization: Highly Potent 3-Substituted Indolephenstatins and Indoleisocombretastatins. J Med Chem 2013; 56:2813-27. [DOI: 10.1021/jm3015603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Química
Orgánica y Farmacéutica, CIETUS and IBSAL, Facultad
de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca,
Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Pilar Puebla
- Laboratorio de Química
Orgánica y Farmacéutica, CIETUS and IBSAL, Facultad
de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca,
Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Ana C. Bento
- Instituto de Biología Molecular
y Celular del Cáncer, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno,
E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rósula García-Navas
- Instituto de Biología Molecular
y Celular del Cáncer, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno,
E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Janis de la Iglesia-Vicente
- Instituto de Biología Molecular
y Celular del Cáncer, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno,
E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Faustino Mollinedo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular
y Celular del Cáncer, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno,
E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Medarde
- Laboratorio de Química
Orgánica y Farmacéutica, CIETUS and IBSAL, Facultad
de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca,
Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rafael Peláez
- Laboratorio de Química
Orgánica y Farmacéutica, CIETUS and IBSAL, Facultad
de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca,
Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain
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Li J, Cona MM, Chen F, Feng Y, Zhou L, Zhang G, Nuyts J, de Witte P, Zhang J, Yu J, Oyen R, Verbruggen A, Ni Y. Sequential systemic administrations of combretastatin A4 Phosphate and radioiodinated hypericin exert synergistic targeted theranostic effects with prolonged survival on SCID mice carrying bifocal tumor xenografts. Theranostics 2013; 3:127-37. [PMID: 23423247 PMCID: PMC3575593 DOI: 10.7150/thno.5790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Based on the soil-to-seeds principle, we explored the small-molecular sequential dual-targeting theranostic strategy (SMSDTTS) for prolonged survival and imaging detectability in a xenograft tumor model. Materials and Methods: Thirty severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice bearing bilateral radiation-induced fibrosarcoma-1 (RIF-1) subcutaneously were divided into group A of SMSDTTS with sequential intravenous injections of combretastatin A4 phosphate (CA4P) and 131I-iodohypericin (131I-Hyp) at a 24 h interval; group B of single targeting control with CA4P and vehicle of 131I-Hyp; and group C of vehicle control (10 mice per group). Tumoricidal events were monitored by in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and planar gamma scintiscan, and validated by ex vivo autoradiography and histopathology. Besides, 9 mice received sequential intravenous injections of CA4P and 131I-Hyp were subjected to biodistribution analysis at 24, 72 and 120 h. Results: Gamma counting revealed fast clearance of 131I-Hyp from normal organs but intense accumulation in necrotic tumor over 120 h. After only one treatment, significantly prolonged survival (p<0.001) was found in group A compared to group B and C with median survival of 33, 22, and 21 days respectively. Tumor volume on day 15 was 2.0 ± 0.89, 5.66 ± 1.66, and 5.02 ± 1.0 cm3 with tumor doubling time 7.8 ± 2.8, 4.4 ± 0.67, and 4.5 ± 0.5 days respectively. SMSDTTS treated tumors were visualized as hot spots on gamma scintiscans, and necrosis over tumor ratio remained consistently high on MRI, autoradiography and histology. Conclusion: The synergistic antitumor effects, multifocal targetability, simultaneous theranostic property, and good tolerance of the SMSDTTS were evident in this experiment, which warrants further development for preclinical and clinical applications.
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Diverse responses to vascular disrupting agent combretastatin a4 phosphate: a comparative study in rats with hepatic and subcutaneous tumor allografts using MRI biomarkers, microangiography, and histopathology. Transl Oncol 2013; 6:42-50. [PMID: 23418616 DOI: 10.1593/tlo.12367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2012] [Revised: 12/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Differently located tumors of the same origin may exhibit diverse responses to the same therapeutics. To test this hypothesis, we compared the responses of rodent hepatic and subcutaneous engrafts of rhabdomyosarcoma-1 (R1) to a vascular disrupting agent Combretastatin A4 phosphate (CA4P). METHODS Twelve WAG/Rij rats, each bearing three R1 implanted in the right and left hepatic lobes and subcutaneously in the thoracic region, received CA4P intravenously at 5 mg/kg (n = 6) or solvent (n = 6). Therapeutic responses were compared interindividually and intraindividually among tumors of different sites till 48 hours after injection using in vivo MRI, postmortem digital microangiography, and histopathology. RESULTS MRI revealed that the subcutaneous tumors (STs) significantly increased in volume than hepatic tumors (HTs) 48 hours after CA4P (P < .05). Relative to vehicle controls and treated group at baseline, necrosis ratio, apparent diffusion coefficient, and enhancement ratio changed slightly with the STs but significantly with HTs (P < .05) after CA4P treatment. Vessel density derived from microangiography was significantly lower in STs compared to HTs without CA4P treatment. CA4P treatment resulted in decreased vessel density in HTs, while it did not affect vessel density in STs. MRI and microangiography outcomes were supported by histopathologic findings. CONCLUSIONS MRI and microangiography allowed quantitative comparison of therapeutic responses to CA4P in rats with multifocal tumors. The discovered diverse effects of the same drug on tumors of the same origin but different locations emphasize the presence of cancer heterogeneity and the importance of individualization of drug delivery.
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Li J, Oyen R, Verbruggen A, Ni Y. Small Molecule Sequential Dual-Targeting Theragnostic Strategy (SMSDTTS): from Preclinical Experiments towards Possible Clinical Anticancer Applications. J Cancer 2013; 4:133-45. [PMID: 23412554 PMCID: PMC3572405 DOI: 10.7150/jca.5635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hitting the evasive tumor cells proves challenging in targeted cancer therapies. A general and unconventional anticancer approach namely small molecule sequential dual-targeting theragnostic strategy (SMSDTTS) has recently been introduced with the aims to target and debulk the tumor mass, wipe out the residual tumor cells, and meanwhile enable cancer detectability. This dual targeting approach works in two steps for systemic delivery of two naturally derived drugs. First, an anti-tubulin vascular disrupting agent, e.g., combretastatin A4 phosphate (CA4P), is injected to selectively cut off tumor blood supply and to cause massive necrosis, which nevertheless always leaves peripheral tumor residues. Secondly, a necrosis-avid radiopharmaceutical, namely 131I-hypericin (131I-Hyp), is administered the next day, which accumulates in intratumoral necrosis and irradiates the residual cancer cells with beta particles. Theoretically, this complementary targeted approach may biologically and radioactively ablate solid tumors and reduce the risk of local recurrence, remote metastases, and thus cancer mortality. Meanwhile, the emitted gamma rays facilitate radio-scintigraphy to detect tumors and follow up the therapy, hence a simultaneous theragnostic approach. SMSDTTS has now shown promise from multicenter animal experiments and may demonstrate unique anticancer efficacy in upcoming preliminary clinical trials. In this short review article, information about the two involved agents, the rationale of SMSDTTS, its preclinical antitumor efficacy, multifocal targetability, simultaneous theragnostic property, and toxicities of the dose regimens are summarized. Meanwhile, possible drawbacks, practical challenges and future improvement with SMSDTTS are discussed, which hopefully may help to push forward this strategy from preclinical experiments towards possible clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Li
- 1. Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical Sciences Group; KU Leuven, Belgium. ; 2. Molecular Small Animal Imaging Center, Faculty of Medicine; KU Leuven, Belgium
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35
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Nathwani SM, Hughes L, Greene LM, Carr M, O'Boyle NM, McDonnell S, Meegan MJ, Zisterer DM. Novel cis-restricted β-lactam combretastatin A-4 analogues display anti-vascular and anti-metastatic properties in vitro. Oncol Rep 2012; 29:585-94. [PMID: 23232969 DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.2181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Combretastatin A-4 (CA-4) is a naturally occurring microtubular-destabilising agent that possesses potent anti-tumour and anti-vascular properties both in vitro and in vivo. Clinical trials to date indicate that its water-soluble prodrug, combretastatin A-4 phosphate (CA-4P), is well tolerated at therapeutically useful doses. However, the stilbenoid structure of CA-4, consisting of two phenyl rings linked by an ethylene bridge, renders the compound readily susceptible to isomerisation from its biologically active cis-conformation to its more thermodynamically stable but inactive trans-isomer. To circumvent this problem, we synthesised a series of cis-restricted CA-4 analogues. Replacement of the ethylene bridge with a 1,4-diaryl-2-azetidinone (β-lactam) ring provided a rigid scaffold thus preventing cis-trans isomerisation. We previously documented that these tubulin-depolymerising β-lactam compounds potently induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in a variety of cancerous cell lines (including those displaying multidrug resistance) and ex vivo patient samples, whilst exerting only minimal toxicity to normal cells. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effect of the β-lactam compounds on both tumour vascularisation and tumour cell migration, two critical elements that occur during the growth and metastatic progression of tumours. We established that two representative β-lactam compounds, CA-104 and CA-432, exerted both anti-endothelial effects [G2/M arrest and apoptosis of primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs)] and anti-angiogenic effects [inhibition of HUVEC migration and differentiation and reduced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) release from MDA-MB-231 breast adenocarcinoma cells]. In addition, we established that lead analogue, CA-432, abrogated the migration of MDA-MB-231 cells indicating an anti-metastatic function for these compounds. In summary, our results to date collectively indicate that these cis-restricted β-lactam CA-4 analogues may prove to be useful alternatives to CA-4 in the treatment of cancer but with the added advantage of improved stability of the cis-isomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema-Maria Nathwani
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Mechanisms of tumor resistance to small-molecule vascular disrupting agents: treatment and rationale of combination therapy. J Formos Med Assoc 2012; 112:115-24. [PMID: 23473523 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2012.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Small-molecule vascular disrupting agents (VDAs) target the established tumor blood vessels, resulting in rapidly and selectively widespread ischemia and necrosis of central tumor; meanwhile, blood flow in normal tissues is relatively unaffected. Although VDAs therapy is considered an important option for treatment, its use is still limited. The tumor cells at the periphery are less sensitive to vascular shutdown than those at the center, and subsequently avoid a nutrient-deprived environment. This phenomenon is referred to as tumor resistance to VDAs treatment. The viable periphery rim of tumor cells contributes to tumor regeneration, metastasis, and ongoing progression. However, there is no systematic review of the plausible mechanisms of repopulation of the viable tumor cells following VDAs therapy. The purpose of this review is to provide insights into mechanisms of tumor surviving small-molecule VDAs therapy, and the synergetic treatment to the remaining viable tumor cells at the periphery.
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Li J, Cona MM, Chen F, Feng Y, Zhou L, Yu J, Nuyts J, de Witte P, Zhang J, Himmelreich U, Verbruggen A, Ni Y. Exploring theranostic potentials of radioiodinated hypericin in rodent necrosis models. Theranostics 2012; 2:1010-9. [PMID: 23139728 PMCID: PMC3493203 DOI: 10.7150/thno.4924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The present animal experiments were conducted to evaluate radioiodinated Hypericin (Hyp) for its regional distribution as well as theranostic potentials. Materials and Methods: Rat models of reperfused liver infarction (RLI) and hepatic rhabdomyosarcoma (R1) were surgically induced. R1 models received Combretastatin A4 phosphate (CA4P) intravenously at 10 mg/kg 24 h prior to radioiodinated Hyp. Three groups of 6 rats each containing 3 RLI and 3 R1 models received iv injections of 123I-Hyp at 37, 74, and 185 MBq/kg respectively and followed by 0.1 ml of 1% Evans blue solution were sacrificed at 4, 24 and 48 hour post injection immediately after in vivo examination of MRI and planar gamma scintigraphy. Besides, two groups of 6 R1 models that received either 300 MBq/kg of 131I-Hyp or vehicle intravenously were examined using MRI to compare tumor growth for 12 days. Autoradiography, gamma counting, and histopathology were performed for postmortem verifications and quantification. Results: Necrosis as seen in vivo on contrast-enhanced MRI corresponded well with the hot spots on planar scintigraphy. Autoradiography and gamma counting revealed intense accumulation of 123I-Hyp in necrotic liver (3.94 ± 1.60, 5.38 ± 1.04, and 6.03 ± 2.09 %ID/g ± SD) and necrotic tumor (4.27 ± 0.76, 5.57 ± 0.76, and 5.68 ± 1.33 %ID/g ± SD) relative to normal liver (1.76 ± 0.54, 0.41 ± 0.18, and 0.16 ± 0.07 %ID/g ± SD), with a high necrosis-to-liver ratio of 2.3, 14.0, and 37.0 at 4, 24 and 48 h respectively. Tumor volumes in R1 models that received 131I-Hyp and vehicle changed from 0.45 ± 0.09, and 0.47 ± 0.12 cm3 (p > 0.05) on day 0 to1.32 ± 0.76 and 3.63 ± 0.72 cm3 (p < 0.001) on day 12, with the corresponding necrosis ratios from 73 ± 12 %, and 76 ± 17 % to 47 ± 18% and 17 ± 13 % (p < 0.01), and with the tumor DT of 7.3 ± 1.0 and 4.2 ± 0.7 days, respectively. Conclusions: Radioiodinated Hyp as a necrosis avid tracer appears promising for non-invasive imaging diagnosis of necrosis-related pathologies. Its prominent targetability to necrosis allows targeted radiotherapy for malignancies on top of a prior necrosis-inducing treatment.
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Tubulin-destabilizing agent BPR0L075 induces vascular-disruption in human breast cancer mammary fat pad xenografts. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43314. [PMID: 22937031 PMCID: PMC3427339 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BPR0L075, 6-methoxy-3-(3′,4′,5′-trimethoxy-benzoyl)-1H-indole, is a tubulin-binding agent that inhibits tubulin polymerization by binding to the colchicine-binding site. BPR0L075 has shown antimitotic and antiangiogenic activity in vitro. The current study evaluated the vascular-disrupting activity of BPR0L075 in human breast cancer mammary fat pad xenografts using dynamic bioluminescence imaging. A single dose of BPR0L075 (50 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.)) induced rapid, temporary tumor vascular shutdown (at 2, 4, and 6 hours); evidenced by rapid and reproducible decrease of light emission from luciferase-expressing orthotopic MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 breast tumors after administration of luciferin substrate. A time-dependent reduction of tumor perfusion after BPR0L075 treatment was confirmed by immunohistological staining of the perfusion marker Hoechst 33342 and tumor vasculature marker CD31. The vasculature showed distinct recovery within 24 hours post therapy. A single i.p. injection of 50 mg/kg of BPR0L075 initially produced plasma concentrations in the micromolar range within 6 hours, but subsequent drug distribution and elimination caused BPR0L075 plasma levels to drop rapidly into the nanomolar range within 24 h. Tests with human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVEC) cells and tumor cells in culture showed that BPR0L075 was cytotoxic to both tumor cells and proliferating endothelial cells, and disrupted pre-established vessels in vitro and ex vivo. In conclusion, BPR0L075 caused rapid, albeit, temporary tumor vascular shutdown and led to reduction of tumor perfusion in orthotopic human breast cancer xenografts, suggesting that this antimitotic agent may be useful as a vascular-disrupting cancer therapy.
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Comparison of two vascular-disrupting agents at a clinically relevant dose in rodent liver tumors with multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers. Anticancer Drugs 2012; 23:12-21. [PMID: 21857503 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e328349dd60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We sought to compare the therapeutic efficacy between two vascular-disrupting agents, combretastatin A4 phosphate (CA4P) and ZD6126, at a clinically relevant dose on tumor models with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Thirty rats with liver rhabdomyosarcoma were randomized into CA4P (10 mg/kg), ZD6126 (10 mg/kg), and control group (n=10 for each group). Multiparametric MRI biomarkers including tumor volume, enhancement ratio, necrosis ratio, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and K (volume transfer constant) derived from T2-weighted, T1-weighted, contrast-enhanced T1-weighted, and diffusion-weighted imaging, and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI were compared at pretreatment, 1 h, 6 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 120 h posttreatment; they were validated using ex-vivo techniques. Relative to rapidly growing tumors without necrosis in control rats, tumors grew slower in the CA4P group compared with the ZD6126 group with a higher necrosis ratio at 120 h (P<0.05), as proven by histopathology. In the CA4P group, K decreased from 1 h until 6 h, and partially recovered at 120 h. In the ZD6126 group, the reduced K at 1 h began to rebound from 6 h and exceeded the baseline value at 120 h (P<0.05), parallel to evolving enhancement ratios (P<0.05). ADC revealed more necrotic tumors with CA4P versus ZD6126 at 120 h (P<0.05). The different tumor responses were confirmed by ex-vivo microangiography and histopathology. CA4P was more effective than ZD6126 in impairing blood supply, inducing necrosis, and delaying growth in rat liver tumors at a clinically relevant dose. A single dose of vascular-disrupting agent was insufficient to destroy the tumor. The multiparametric MRI biomarkers enabled in-vivo noninvasive comparison of therapeutic efficacy between CA4P and ZD6126.
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Moreno Garcia V, Basu B, Molife LR, Kaye SB. Combining antiangiogenics to overcome resistance: rationale and clinical experience. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:3750-61. [PMID: 22547772 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-1275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antiangiogenic therapies are now well established in oncology clinical practice; however, despite initial optimism, the results of late-phase trials, especially in the adjuvant setting, have largely proved disappointing. In the context of metastatic disease, resistance to antiangiogenic agents arises through a range of mechanisms, including the development of alternative angiogenic pathways. One of the proposed strategies to overcome this resistance is to combine antiangiogenic agents with different mechanisms of action. Early-phase clinical trials assessing the tolerability and efficacy of different combinations of antiangiogenic drugs, including those that target the VEGF pathway or the angiopoietins, as well as vascular disrupting agents, are increasing in number. An example of this strategy is the combination of sorafenib and bevacizumab, which has elicited major responses in different tumor types, including ovarian carcinoma and glioblastoma. However, overlapping and cumulative toxicities pose a real challenge. This review summarizes the preclinical rationale for this approach and current clinical experience in combining antiangiogenic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Moreno Garcia
- Division of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Trust, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom.
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Assessment of the novel tubulin-binding agent EHT 6706 in combination with ionizing radiation or chemotherapy. Invest New Drugs 2012; 30:2173-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-011-9785-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modeling of 1,2,3-triazole analogs of combretastatin A-1. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:234-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Revised: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Ngwa W, Makrigiorgos GM, Berbeco RI. Gold nanoparticle-aided brachytherapy with vascular dose painting: Estimation of dose enhancement to the tumor endothelial cell nucleus. Med Phys 2011; 39:392-8. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3671905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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He X, Li S, Huang H, Li Z, Chen L, Ye S, Huang J, Zhan J, Lin T. A pharmacokinetic and safety study of single dose intravenous combretastatin A4 phosphate in Chinese patients with refractory solid tumours. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2011; 71:860-70. [PMID: 21276042 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2011.03928.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT • Three pharmacokinetic and safety studies for combretastatin A4 phosphate (CA4P), the first vascular disrupting agent, have been conducted in Western countries. • The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was approximately 60-68 mg m(-2). • CA4P-related grade 3 or 4 adverse events were tumour pain, dyspnoea, hypoxia and syncope in patients who received doses ≥ 50 mg m(-2). WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS • This is the first pharmacokinetic and safety study conducted in East Asian patients. • There appeared to be a trend that Chinese patients metabolized CA4 more rapidly and had greater neurotoxicity than patients in Western countries. • We observed favourable clinical responses in patients with refractory nasopharyngeal carcinoma. • CA4P-induced acute renal failure was seen in one dehydrated Chinese patient. AIMS This trial was conducted to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetics of combretastatin A4 phosphate (CA4P) given intravenously as a single dose to Chinese patients with refractory solid tumours. METHODS Twenty-five patients were treated with single doses of CA4P according to a dose escalation scheme: 5, 10, 20, 33, 50, 65 and 85 mg m(-2) infused intravenously over 30 min. RESULTS CA4P was generally well tolerated at ≤ 65 mg m(-2). Transient, moderate increases in the heart rate-corrected QT interval occurred at all doses. CA4P produced a transient dose-dependent increase in neural and gastrointestinal toxicities. Acute renal failure occurred in one dehydrated patient who had also taken paracetamol. There were seven episodes of dose-limiting toxicity at doses ≥65 mg m(-2), including two episodes of reversible ataxia at 85 mg m(-2).For CA4, at 50 mg m(-2),mean (SD) peak plasma concentration (C(max) was 0.99 (0.33) mM, area under the curve from time zero to time of last quantifiable concentration (AUC(0,t)) was 1.42 (0.30) mM h and terminal elimination half-life (t(1/2)was 1.81 (0.61) h. At 65 mg m-2,C(max) was 1.73 (0.62) mM,AUC(0,t) was 3.19 (1.47) mM h and t (1/2) was 1.90 (0.61) h [corrected]One patient with nasopharyngeal carcinoma had an obvious clinical response with central necrosis in the metastatic lung mass. CONCLUSION Doses ≤ 65 mg m(-2) given as 30 min infusions define the maximum tolerated dose in East Asian patients, and doses in the range of 50-65 mg m(-2) have been selected for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexin He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Cole L, Djidja MC, Bluff J, Claude E, Carolan V, Paley M, Tozer G, Clench M. Investigation of protein induction in tumour vascular targeted strategies by MALDI MSI. Methods 2011; 54:442-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2011.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Revised: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Lunt SJ, Akerman S, Hill SA, Fisher M, Wright VJ, Reyes-Aldasoro CC, Tozer GM, Kanthou C. Vascular effects dominate solid tumor response to treatment with combretastatin A-4-phosphate. Int J Cancer 2011; 129:1979-89. [PMID: 21154772 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Vascular-targeted therapeutics are increasingly used in the clinic. However, less is known about the direct response of tumor cells to these agents. We have developed a combretastatin-A-4-phosphate (CA4P) resistant variant of SW1222 human colorectal carcinoma cells to examine the relative importance of vascular versus tumor cell targeting in the ultimate treatment response. SW1222(Res) cells were generated through exposure of wild-type cells (SW1222(WT) ) to increasing CA4P concentrations in vitro. Increased resistance was confirmed through analyses of cell viability, apoptosis and multidrug-resistance (MDR) protein expression. In vivo, comparative studies examined tumor cell necrosis, apoptosis, vessel morphology and functional vascular end-points following treatment with CA4P (single 100 mg/kg dose). Tumor response to repeated CA4P dosing (50 mg/kg/day, 5 days/week for 2 weeks) was examined through growth measurement, and ultimate tumor cell survival was studied by ex vivo clonogenic assay. In vitro, SW1222(Res) cells showed reduced CA4P sensitivity, enhanced MDR protein expression and a reduced apoptotic index. In vivo, CA4P induced significantly lower apoptotic cell death in SW1222(Res) versus SW1222(WT) tumors indicating maintenance of resistance characteristics. However, CA4P-induced tumor necrosis was equivalent in both lines. Similarly, rapid CA4P-mediated vessel disruption and blood flow shut-down were observed in both lines. Cell surviving fraction was comparable in the two tumor types following single dose CA4P and SW1222(Res) tumors were at least as sensitive as SW1222(WT) tumors to repeated dosing. Despite tumor cell resistance to CA4P, SW1222(Res) response in vivo was not impaired, strongly supporting the view that vascular damage dominates the therapeutic response to this agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jane Lunt
- Cancer Research UK Tumour Microcirculation Group, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Mason RP, Zhao D, Liu L, Trawick ML, Pinney KG. A perspective on vascular disrupting agents that interact with tubulin: preclinical tumor imaging and biological assessment. Integr Biol (Camb) 2011; 3:375-87. [PMID: 21321746 PMCID: PMC3071431 DOI: 10.1039/c0ib00135j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment provides a rich source of potential targets for selective therapeutic intervention with properly designed anticancer agents. Significant physiological differences exist between the microvessels that nourish tumors and those that supply healthy tissue. Selective drug-mediated damage of these tortuous and chaotic microvessels starves a tumor of necessary nutrients and oxygen and eventually leads to massive tumor necrosis. Vascular targeting strategies in oncology are divided into two separate groups: angiogenesis inhibiting agents (AIAs) and vascular disrupting agents (VDAs). The mechanisms of action between these two classes of compounds are profoundly distinct. The AIAs inhibit the actual formation of new vessels, while the VDAs damage and/or destroy existing tumor vasculature. One subset of small-molecule VDAs functions by inhibiting the assembly of tubulin into microtubules, thus causing morphology changes to the endothelial cells lining the tumor vasculature, triggered by a cascade of cell signaling events. Ultimately this results in catastrophic damage to the vessels feeding the tumor. The rapid emergence and subsequent development of the VDA field over the past decade has led to the establishment of a synergistic combination of preclinical state-of-the-art tumor imaging and biological evaluation strategies that are often indicative of future clinical efficacy for a given VDA. This review focuses on an integration of the appropriate biochemical and biological tools necessary to assess (preclinically) new small-molecule, tubulin active VDAs for their potential to be clinically effective anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph P. Mason
- Department of Radiology, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390-9058 USA
| | - Dawen Zhao
- Department of Radiology, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390-9058 USA
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Radiology, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390-9058 USA
| | - Mary Lynn Trawick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, One Bear Place #97348, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, USA
| | - Kevin G. Pinney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, One Bear Place #97348, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, USA
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Abstract
The tumor vasculature delivers nutrients, oxygen, and therapeutic agents to tumor cells. Unfortunately, the delivery of anticancer drugs through tumor blood vessels is often inefficient and can constitute an important barrier for cancer treatment. This barrier can sometimes be circumvented by antiangiogenesis-induced normalization of tumor vasculature. However, such normalizing effects are transient; moreover, they are not always achieved, as shown here, when 9L gliosarcoma xenografts were treated over a range of doses with the VEGF receptor-selective tyrosine kinase inhibitors axitinib and AG-028262. The suppression of tumor blood perfusion by antiangiogenesis agents can be turned to therapeutic advantage, however, through their effects on tumor drug retention. In 9L tumors expressing the cyclophosphamide-activating enzyme P450 2B11, neoadjuvant axitinib treatment combined with intratumoral cyclophosphamide administration significantly increased tumor retention of cyclophosphamide and its active metabolite, 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide. Similar increases were achieved using other angiogenesis inhibitors, indicating that increased drug retention is a general response to antiangiogenesis. This approach can be extended to include systemic delivery of an anticancer prodrug that is activated intratumorally, where antiangiogenesis-enhanced retention of the therapeutic metabolite counterbalances the decrease in drug uptake from systemic circulation, as exemplified for cyclophosphamide. Importantly, the increase in intratumoral drug retention induced by neoadjuvant antiangiogenic drug treatment is shown to increase tumor cell killing and substantially enhance therapeutic activity in vivo. Thus, antiangiogenic agents can be used to increase tumor drug exposure and improve therapeutic activity following intratumoral drug administration, or following systemic drug administration in the case of a therapeutic agent that is activated intratumorally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ma
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Zhao D, Chang CH, Kim JG, Liu H, Mason RP. In vivo near-infrared spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging monitoring of tumor response to combretastatin A-4-phosphate correlated with therapeutic outcome. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011; 80:574-81. [PMID: 21345614 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Revised: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a combination treatment consisting of combretastatin A-4-phosphate (CA4P) with radiation based on tumor oxygenation status. METHODS AND MATERIALS In vivo near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were applied to noninvasively monitor changes in tumor blood oxygenation and necrosis induced by CA4P (30 mg/kg) in rat mammary 13762NF adenocarcinoma, and the evidence was used to optimize combinations of CA4P and radiation treatment (a single dose of 5 Gy). RESULTS NIRS showed decreasing concentrations of tumor vascular oxyhemoglobin and total hemoglobin during the first 2 h after CA4P treatment, indicating significant reductions in tumor blood oxygenation and perfusion levels (p < 0.001). Twenty-four hours later, in response to oxygen inhalation, significant recovery was observed in tumor vascular and tissue oxygenation according to NIRS and pimonidazole staining results, respectively (p < 0.05). DW MRI revealed significantly increased water diffusion in tumors measured by apparent diffusion coefficient at 24 h (p < 0.05), suggesting that CA4P-induced central necrosis. In concordance with the observed tumor oxygen dynamics, we found that treatment efficacy depended on the timing of the combined therapy. The most significant delay in tumor growth was seen in the group of tumors treated with radiation while the rats breathed oxygen 24 h after CA4P administration. CONCLUSIONS Noninvasive evaluation of tumor oxygen dynamics allowed us to rationally enhance the response of syngeneic rat breast tumors to combined treatment of CA4P with radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawen Zhao
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9058, USA.
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Ederhy S, Massard C, Dufaitre G, Balheda R, Meuleman C, Rocca CG, Izzedine H, Cohen A, Soria JC. Frequency and management of troponin I elevation in patients treated with molecular targeted therapies in phase I trials. Invest New Drugs 2010; 30:611-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-010-9546-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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