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Cao C, Yu X, Zhu T, Jiang Q, Li Y, Li X. Diagnostic role of liquid-based cytology of bronchial lavage fluid in addition to bronchial brushing specimens in lung cancer. TUMORI JOURNAL 2020; 107:325-328. [PMID: 32972322 DOI: 10.1177/0300891620960218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liquid-based cytology (LBC) tests, including the liquid-based thin layer method, have demonstrated the highest potential for reducing false-negatives and improving sample quality. METHOD This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic role of LBC of bronchial brushing specimens in lung cancer. A total of 249 patients were analyzed in our study, involving 155 patients with combined bronchial brushing and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and 94 patients with BAL alone. RESULTS The sensitivity in the combined bronchial brushing and BAL group was 61.4% in the diagnosis of lung cancer, which is much higher than with BAL alone. Rates of positive predictive values and negative predictive values in the combined group compared with the BALF alone group were 98.6% vs 100% and 47.6% vs 37.4%, respectively. Sensitivity in the BALF alone group was 12.5% in bronchoscopically invisible pulmonary lesions and as high as 52.1% in the combined group. CONCLUSION The results from our study demonstrated that LBC of brushing samples could be used as an important complement of bronchoscopy and could have the potential to be widely applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Cao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Xuechan Yu
- Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Qingwen Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China.,Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yiting Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China.,Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xinjian Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
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Li Q, Chen C, Ren X, Sun W. DNA methylation profiling identifies the HOXA11 gene as an early diagnostic and prognostic molecular marker in human lung adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:33100-33109. [PMID: 28380439 PMCID: PMC5464853 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA hypermethylation plays important roles in carcinogenesis by silencing key genes. The goal of our study was to identify pivotal genes using MethyLight and assessed their diagnostic and prognostic values in lung adenocarcinoma (AD). In the present study, we detected DNA methylation at sixteen loci promoter regions in twenty one pairs of primary human lung AD tissues and adjacent non-tumor lung (AdjNL) tissues using the real-time PCR (RT-PCR)-based method MethyLight. By comparing the sixteen analyzed loci in lung AD tissues and AdjNL and non-tumor (NL) tissues, we found that, among the six genes identified with hypermethylation, the HOXA11, CDKN2A-EX2 and EYA4 genes showed highly promising DNA hypermethylation diagnostic markers in the lung AD tissues. Moreover, comparing lung AD tissues (> 2 cm in diameter) to the AdjNL or AD in situ (AIS) tissues by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry revealed that HOXA11 expression was significantly increased. A further study showed that HOXA11 expression was controlled by methylation in the promoter region in human lung tumor cell lines. Aberrant hypermethylation and the methylation-induced down-regulation of HOXA11 may promote tumor progression. Our results suggested that HOXA11 might be a diagnostic and prognostic marker in patients with lung AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Li
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200031, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Stomatological College Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xiaohui Ren
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Weihong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200031, China
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Chen Z, Xu Z, Sun S, Yu Y, Lv D, Cao C, Deng Z. TGF-β1, IL-6, and TNF-α in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid: useful markers for lung cancer? Sci Rep 2014; 4:5595. [PMID: 24999009 PMCID: PMC4083430 DOI: 10.1038/srep05595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes of cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) reflect immunologic reactions of the lung in pulmonary malignancies. Detection of biomarkers in BALF might serve as an important method for differential diagnosis of lung cancer. A total of 78 patients admitted into hospital with suspected lung cancer were included in our study. BALF samples were obtained from all patients, and were analyzed for TGF-β1, IL-6, and TNF-α using commercially available sandwich ELISA kits. The levels of TGF-β1 in BALF were significantly higher in patients with lung cancer compared with patients with benign diseases (P = 0.003). However, no significant difference of IL-6 (P = 0.61) or TNF-α (P = 0.72) in BALF was observed between malignant and nonmalignant groups. With a cut-off value of 10.85 pg/ml, TGF-β1 showed a sensitivity of 62.2%, and a specificity of 60.6%, in predicting the malignant nature of pulmonary disease. Our data suggest that TGF-β1 in BALF might be a valuable biomarker for lung cancer. However, measurement of IL-6 or TNF-α in BALF has poor diagnostic value in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbo Chen
- 1] Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315020, China [2]
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- 1] Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo Medical Center, Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315041, China [2]
| | - Shifang Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Yiming Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Dan Lv
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Chao Cao
- 1] Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315020, China [2] Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Zaichun Deng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315020, China
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Dent AG, Sutedja TG, Zimmerman PV. Exhaled breath analysis for lung cancer. J Thorac Dis 2014; 5 Suppl 5:S540-50. [PMID: 24163746 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2013.08.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Early diagnosis of lung cancer results in improved survival compared to diagnosis with more advanced disease. Early disease is not reliably indicated by symptoms. Because investigations such as bronchoscopy and needle biopsy have associated risks and substantial costs, they are not suitable for population screening. Hence new easily applicable tests, which can be used to screen individuals at risk, are required. Biomarker testing in exhaled breath samples is a simple, relatively inexpensive, non-invasive approach. Exhaled breath contains volatile and non-volatile organic compounds produced as end-products of metabolic processes and the composition of such compounds varies between healthy subjects and subjects with lung cancer. Many studies have analysed the patterns of these compounds in exhaled breath. In addition studies have also reported that the exhaled breath condensate (EBC) can reveal gene mutations or DNA abnormalities in patients with lung cancer. This review has summarised the scientific evidence demonstrating that lung cancer has distinct chemical profiles in exhaled breath and characteristic genetic changes in EBC. It is not yet possible to accurately identify individuals with lung cancer in at risk populations by any of these techniques. However, analysis of both volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath and of EBC have great potential to become clinically useful diagnostic and screening tools for early stage lung cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette G Dent
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Rode Road, Chermside, Queensland 4032, Australia; ; The University of Queensland, Brisbane, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Liu WB, Han F, Jiang X, Yin L, Chen HQ, Li YH, Liu Y, Cao J, Liu JY. Epigenetic regulation of ANKRD18B in lung cancer. Mol Carcinog 2013; 54:312-21. [PMID: 24249358 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The identification of the key genetic and epigenetic changes underlying lung carcinogenesis would aid effective early diagnosis and targeted therapies for lung cancer. In this study, we screened a novel hypermethylated gene ankyrin repeat domain 18B (ANKRD18B), to determine whether it is regulated by DNA methylation and clarify its biological and clinical implications in lung cancer. Methylation status and expression level were analyzed by methylation-specific PCR, bisulfite genomic sequencing, and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). We detected ANKRD18B hypermethylation in 52 of 98 (53.1%) primary lung cancer tissues and in nine of 10 (90%) cell lines, whereas no methylation was seen in 10 normal lung tissue samples. ANKRD18B methylation was more frequently observed in patients with poor differentiation (P < 0.05). Notably, 62 pairs of samples from patients whose tumor tissue showed hypermethylation of ANKRD18B exhibited the same aberrant methylation in 72.7% and 69.7% of their corresponding plasma and sputum samples, respectively; whereas no hypermethylation of ANKRD18B was detected in the sputum and plasma from patients whose tumor sample lacked this alteration. In addition, ANKRD18B mRNA expression was significantly decreased or silenced in lung cancer tissues and cell lines associated with hypermethylation of the ANKRD18B region. Demethylation agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine significantly increased ANKRD18B mRNA expression in lung cancer cell lines. Furthermore, overexpression of ANKRD18B suppressed lung cancer cell growth. These results suggest that the expression of ANKRD18B is regulated by CpG island hypermethylation in lung cancer. Our findings confirm the importance of the identification of new markers of epigenetic dysregulation in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bin Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
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Cao C, Sun SF, Lv D, Chen ZB, Ding QL, Deng ZC. Utility of VEGF and sVEGFR-1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for differential diagnosis of primary lung cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 14:2443-6. [PMID: 23725155 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.4.2443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Published data have shown that the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and soluble VEGF receptor-1 (sVEGFR-1) in plasma and pleural effusion might be usefulness for lung cancer diagnosis. Here, we performed a prospective study to investigate the utility of VEGF and sVEGFR-1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) for differential diagnosis of primary lung cancer. A total of 56 patients with solitary pulmonary massed by chest radiograph or CT screening were enrolled in this study. BALF and plasma samples were obtained from all patients and analyzed for VEGF and sVEGFR-1 using a commercially available sandwich ELISA kit. The results showed that the levels of VEGF in BALF were significantly higher in patients with a malignant pulmonary mass compared with patients with a benign mass (P < 0.001). However, no significant difference of sVEGFR-1 in BALF was found between malignant and non-malignant groups (P = 0.43). With a cut-off value of 214 pg/ml, VEGF showed a sensitivity and specificity of 81.8% and 84.2%, respectively, in predicting the malignant nature of a solitary pulmonary mass. Our study suggests that VEGF is significantly increased in BALF among patients with lung cancer than in benign diseases. Measurement of VEGF in BALF might be helpful for differential diagnosis of primary lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Cao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Kosaki Y, Izawa H, Ishihara S, Kawakami K, Sumita M, Tateyama Y, Ji Q, Krishnan V, Hishita S, Yamauchi Y, Hill JP, Vinu A, Shiratori S, Ariga K. Nanoporous carbon sensor with cage-in-fiber structure: highly selective aniline adsorbent toward cancer risk management. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:2930-4. [PMID: 23574358 DOI: 10.1021/am400940q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanocage-embedded nanofibrous film works as a highly selective adsorbent of carcinogen aromatic amines. By using quartz crystal microbalance techniques, even ppm levels of aniline can be repetitively detected, while other chemical compounds such as water, ammonia, and benzene give negligible responses. This technique should be applicable for high-throughput cancer risk management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Kosaki
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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Quintans JSS, Antoniolli AR, Onofre FMB, Onofre ASC. Detection of lung cancer using multiple genetic markers--a systematic review. Diagn Cytopathol 2013; 41:834-42. [PMID: 23513001 DOI: 10.1002/dc.22978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, and has one of the lowest survival rates of any solid tumor. In recent years, several attempts have been conducted to improve an early or accelerated diagnosis due to better overall prognosis after therapy. The aim of this study was evaluating the use of genetic markers for diagnosis of lung cancer. This study was conducted in accordance to Transparent Reporting of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Three Internet sources were used to search: MEDLINE-PubMed, EMBASE, and LILACS. The databases were searched for studies conducted in the period up to and including May 10, 2011. The following inclusion criteria were applied: lung cancer studies, and the use of genetic markers for diagnosis. Studies using animal models, review articles, meta-analyses, abstracts, conference proceedings, editorials/letters, case reports, incorrect study population, inadequate data, and cytology was not obtained, were excluded. A total of 1,901 abstracts/citations were identified for preliminary review. From 24 final selected studies, 17 referred to chromosomal markers diagnosis, eight to genes as marker, and one to both subjects. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was applied in all studies. Despite the limitations of this study, application of genetic markers to lung cancer diagnosis seems to have prognosis value irrespective of detection methodology used. FISH was the main technique applied to diagnose genetics alterations and revealed a high specificity, although some authors reported low sensitivity.
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Begum S, Brait M, Dasgupta S, Ostrow KL, Zahurak M, Carvalho AL, Califano JA, Goodman SN, Westra WH, Hoque MO, Sidransky D. An epigenetic marker panel for detection of lung cancer using cell-free serum DNA. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:4494-503. [PMID: 21610147 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-3436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the feasibility of detecting aberrant DNA methylation of some novel and known genes in the serum of lung cancer patients. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN To determine the analytic sensitivity, we examined the tumor and the matched serum DNA for aberrant methylation of 15 gene promoters from 10 patients with primary lung tumors by using quantitative methylation-specific PCR. We then tested this 15-gene set to identify the more useful DNA methylation changes in the serum of a limited number of lung cancer patients and controls. In an independent set, we tested the six most promising genes (APC, CDH1, MGMT, DCC, RASSF1A, and AIM1) for further elucidation of the diagnostic application of this panel of markers. RESULTS Promoter hypermethylation of at least one of the genes studied was detected in all 10 lung primary tumors. In majority of cases, aberrant methylation in serum DNA was accompanied by methylation in the matched tumor samples. In the independent set, using a single gene that had 100% specificity (DCC), 35.5% (95% CI: 25-47) of the 76 lung cancer patients were correctly identified. For patients without methylated DCC, addition of a logistic regression score that was based on the five remaining genes improved sensitivity from 35.5% to 75% (95% CI: 64-84) but decreased the specificity from 100% to 73% (95% CI: 54-88). CONCLUSION This approach needs to be evaluated in a larger test set to determine the role of this gene set in early detection and surveillance of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnaz Begum
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Ostrow KL, Hoque MO, Loyo M, Brait M, Greenberg A, Siegfried JM, Grandis JR, Gaither Davis A, Bigbee WL, Rom W, Sidransky D. Molecular analysis of plasma DNA for the early detection of lung cancer by quantitative methylation-specific PCR. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:3463-72. [PMID: 20592015 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-3304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aberrant promoter hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes is a promising marker for lung cancer detection. We investigated the likelihood of detecting aberrant DNA methylation of tumor suppressor genes in plasma samples of patients with abnormalities of the lung detected upon computed tomography (CT) scan. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In a small evaluation cohort, four gene promoters (DCC, Kif1a, NISCH, and Rarb) were found to be methylated with increased frequency in samples from cancer patients specifically. We then examined DNA from 93 plasma samples from patients with abnormal findings in the lung detected upon CT scan for aberrant methylation of these four gene promoters by quantitative fluorogenic real-time PCR. The patients were divided into two groups, ground glass opacity (n = 23) and cancerous tumors (n = 70). Plasma DNA from age-matched nodule-free individuals were used as controls (n = 80). RESULTS In plasma, 73% of patients with cancerous tumors showed methylation of at least one gene with a specificity of 71% (P = 0.0001). Only 22% patients with ground glass opacity exhibited methylation of at least one gene. When smoking history was taken into account, 72% of cancer patients with no smoking history or those who smoked <20 pack-years showed methylation of at least one gene with 100% specificity (P = 0.05) when compared with matched controls. Among heavy smokers with 20+ pack-years of smoking history, 30% of the control group and 73% of the patients with cancerous tumors showed methylation (P = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS These biomarkers can distinguish between cancerous and noncancerous abnormal CT findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Laskie Ostrow
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Cancer Research Division, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
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Whynes DK. Could CT screening for lung cancer ever be cost effective in the United Kingdom? COST EFFECTIVENESS AND RESOURCE ALLOCATION 2008; 6:5. [PMID: 18302756 PMCID: PMC2292150 DOI: 10.1186/1478-7547-6-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2007] [Accepted: 02/26/2008] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The absence of trial evidence makes it impossible to determine whether or not mass screening for lung cancer would be cost effective and, indeed, whether a clinical trial to investigate the problem would be justified. Attempts have been made to resolve this issue by modelling, although the complex models developed to date have required more real-world data than are currently available. Being founded on unsubstantiated assumptions, they have produced estimates with wide confidence intervals and of uncertain relevance to the United Kingdom. Method I develop a simple, deterministic, model of a screening regimen potentially applicable to the UK. The model includes only a limited number of parameters, for the majority of which, values have already been established in non-trial settings. The component costs of screening are derived from government guidance and from published audits, whilst the values for test parameters are derived from clinical studies. The expected health gains as a result of screening are calculated by combining published survival data for screened and unscreened cohorts with data from Life Tables. When a degree of uncertainty over a parameter value exists, I use a conservative estimate, i.e. one likely to make screening appear less, rather than more, cost effective. Results The incremental cost effectiveness ratio of a single screen amongst a high-risk male population is calculated to be around £14,000 per quality-adjusted life year gained. The average cost of this screening regimen per person screened is around £200. It is possible that, when obtained experimentally in any future trial, parameter values will be found to differ from those previously obtained in non-trial settings. On the basis both of differing assumptions about evaluation conventions and of reasoned speculations as to how test parameters and costs might behave under screening, the model generates cost effectiveness ratios as high as around £20,000 and as low as around £7,000. Conclusion It is evident that eventually being able to identify a cost effective regimen of CT screening for lung cancer in the UK is by no means an unreasonable expectation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David K Whynes
- Professor of Health Economics, School of Economics, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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Kwon MH, Lee GE, Kwon SJ, Choi E, Na MJ, Cho HM, Kim YJ, Sul HJ, Cho YJ, Son JW. Identification of DNA Methylation Markers for NSCLC Using Hpall-Mspl Methylation Microarray. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2008. [DOI: 10.4046/trd.2008.65.6.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Hye Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konyang University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Go Eun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konyang University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sun Jung Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konyang University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Eugene Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konyang University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Moon Jun Na
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konyang University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyun Min Cho
- Department of Chest Surgery, Konyang University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young Jin Kim
- Department of Chest Surgery, Konyang University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hye Jung Sul
- Department of Pathology, Konyang University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young Jun Cho
- Department of Radiology, Konyang University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ji Woong Son
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konyang University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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Shivapurkar N, Stastny V, Suzuki M, Wistuba II, Li L, Zheng Y, Feng Z, Hol B, Prinsen C, Thunnissen FB, Gazdar AF. Application of a methylation gene panel by quantitative PCR for lung cancers. Cancer Lett 2006; 247:56-71. [PMID: 16644104 PMCID: PMC3379713 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2006.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2006] [Revised: 03/19/2006] [Accepted: 03/24/2006] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Detection of lung cancer at early stages could potentially increase survival rates. One promising approach is the application of suitable lung cancer-specific biomarkers to specimens obtained by non-invasive methods. Thus far, clinically useful biomarkers that have high sensitivity have proven elusive. Certain genes, which are involved in cellular pathways such as signal transduction, apoptosis, cell to cell communication, cell cycles and cytokine signaling are down-regulated in cancers and may be considered as potential tumor suppressor genes. Aberrant promoter hypermethylation is a major mechanism for silencing tumor suppressor genes in many kinds of human cancers. Using quantitative real time PCR, we tested 11 genes (3-OST-2, RASSF1A, DcR1, DcR2, P16, DAPK, APC, ECAD, HCAD, SOCS1, SOCS3) for levels of methylation within their promoter sequences in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC), adjacent non-malignant lung tissues, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from cancer free patients, in sputum of cancer patients and controls. Of all the 11 genes tested 3-OST-2 showed the highest levels of promoter methylation in tumors combined with lowest levels of promoter methylation in control tissues. 3-OST-2 followed by, RASSF1A showed increased levels of methylation with advanced tumor stage (P<0.05). Thus, quantitative analysis of 3-OST-2 and RASSF1A methylation appears to be a promising biomarker assay for NSCLC and should be further explored in a clinical study. Our preliminary data on the analysis of sputum DNA specimens from cancer patients further support these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayan Shivapurkar
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Victor Stastny
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Makoto Suzuki
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ignacio I. Wistuba
- Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lin Li
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Yingye Zheng
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ziding Feng
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Bernard Hol
- Department of Pulmonology, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Clemens Prinsen
- Department of Pathology, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Adi F. Gazdar
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Corresponding author. Address: Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard Dallas, Texas 75390, USA. Tel.: +1 214 648 4921; fax: +1 214 648 4940. (A.F. Gazdar)
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de Fraipont F, Moro-Sibilot D, Michelland S, Brambilla E, Brambilla C, Favrot MC. Promoter methylation of genes in bronchial lavages: a marker for early diagnosis of primary and relapsing non-small cell lung cancer? Lung Cancer 2005; 50:199-209. [PMID: 16043258 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2005.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2005] [Revised: 05/18/2005] [Accepted: 05/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A prospective screening program, including CT, autofluorescent bronchoscopy, biopsies and bronchial lavage (BL) collection, was initiated with the specific goal of identifying biomarkers for the early detection of non-small cell lung cancer. We report and discuss the results of p16, DAPK, MGMT, FHIT and APC methylation analysis in the 126 first patients: 77 at high risk of cancer and 49 followed up after primary cancer resection. Positive results were found in 49% of BLs, 53% in current smokers and 43% in former smokers. In presence of peripheral tumours, only 38% of BLs were abnormal versus 73% in presence of central tumours, 50% in presence of preneoplasic lesions and 47% in absence of lesions. FHIT methylation was an early event, observed in one-third of the BLs from patients with or without lesions as well as in tumours. APC methylation was a late event observed in 33% of tumours but rarely in BLs. p16 was methylated in 17% of BLs but in 48% of tumours; DAPK in 15% of BL and 22% of tumours. MGMT methylation was rare. Among patients followed up after cancer surgery, 14 were in remission with normalised BL, whereas three had positive BLs and relapsed with a central tumour. Thus, gene methylation in BL might help to detect central tumours but a CT is crucial for peripheral cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- F de Fraipont
- Centre d'Innovation en Biologie, Pavillon B, CHU de La Tronche, 38 043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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Topaloglu O, Hoque MO, Tokumaru Y, Lee J, Ratovitski E, Sidransky D, Moon CS. Detection of promoter hypermethylation of multiple genes in the tumor and bronchoalveolar lavage of patients with lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2004; 10:2284-8. [PMID: 15073103 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-1111-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aberrant promoter hypermethylation of several known or putative tumor suppressor genes occurs frequently during the pathogenesis of lung cancers and is a promising marker for cancer detection. We investigated the feasibility of detecting aberrant DNA methylation in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples of lung cancer patients. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We examined the tumor and the matched BAL DNA for aberrant methylation of eight gene promoters (CDH1, APC, MGMT, RASSF1A, GSTP1, p16, RAR-beta 2, and ARF) from 31 patients with primary lung tumors by quantitative fluorogenic real-time PCR. BAL from 10 age-matched noncancer patients was used as a control. RESULTS Promoter hypermethylation of at least one of the genes studied was detected in all 31 lung primary tumors; 27 (87%) CDH1, 17 (55%) APC, 14 (45%) RASSF1A, 12 (39%) MGMT, 7 (23%) p16, 3 (10%) GSTP1, 3 (10%) RAR-beta 2, and 0 (0%) ARF. Methylation was detected in CDH1 (48%), APC (29%), RASSF1A (29%), MGMT (58%), p16 (14%), GSTP1 (33%), RAR-beta 2 (0%), and ARF (0%) of BAL samples from matched methylation-positive primary tumors, and in every case, aberrant methylation in BAL DNA was accompanied by methylation in the matched tumor samples. BAL samples from 10 controls without evidence of cancer revealed no methylation of the MGMT, GSTP1, p16, ARF, or RAR-beta 2 genes whereas methylation of RASSF1, CDH1, and APC was detected at low levels. Overall, 21 (68%) of 31 BAL samples from cancer patients were positive for aberrant methylation. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that promoter hypermethylation in BAL can be detected in the majority of lung cancer patients. This approach needs to be evaluated in large early detection and surveillance studies of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Topaloglu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
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Abstract
The feasibility of diagnosing small stage 1 lung cancers using low-dose chest computed tomography in asymptomatic at-risk individuals has been demonstrated in multiple studies. However, it has yet to be proved that the introduction of a chest computed tomography screening programme would do more good than harm at an acceptable cost.
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Lawler LP, Wood SA, Pannu HS, Fishman
EK. Computer-assisted detection of pulmonary nodules: preliminary observations using a prototype system with multidetector-row CT data sets. J Digit Imaging 2003; 16:251-61. [PMID: 14669062 PMCID: PMC3045255 DOI: 10.1007/s10278-003-1654-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The continued revolution in multidetector-row CT (MDCT) scanning increases the quality of lung imaging but at the cost of a greater burden of data for review and interpretation. This article discusses our preliminary experience with prototype software for lung nodule detection and characterization using MDCT data sets. We discuss the potential role of computer-assisted detection (CAD) as applied to the automatic detection of lung nodules. We also review the process of CAD, outline its potential results, and explore how it may fit into existing radiology practice. Finally, we discuss MDCT data-acquisition parameters and how they may affect the performance of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo P. Lawler
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, JHOC 3254, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287-0801, USA
| | - Susan A. Wood
- R2 Technology, Inc., 325 Distel Circle, Los Altos, CA 94022, USA
| | - Harpreet S. Pannu
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, JHOC 3254, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287-0801, USA
| | - Elliot K. Fishman
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, JHOC 3254, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287-0801, USA
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21
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Mattsson U, Jontell M, Holmstrup P. Oral lichen planus and malignant transformation: is a recall of patients justified? CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ORAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF ORAL BIOLOGISTS 2003; 13:390-6. [PMID: 12393758 DOI: 10.1177/154411130201300503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
There has been a continuous debate regarding the possible malignant potential of oral lichen planus (OLP). Based on the results from follow-up studies, OLP is regarded by several authors as a pre-malignant condition, and patients with OLP have been recommended to have their lesions monitored two to four times annually. This recommendation needs reconsideration, because a recall system of all patients with OLP requires substantial economic resources. In a reality where such resources are limited, a recall system must be weighed against other benefits and the fact that the malignant potential of OLP is most likely very low. The present review focuses on the diagnostic criteria for OLP, the pre-malignant potential of OLP, and the extent to which the available information can be used to reduce morbidity and mortality of oral cancer related to OLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Mattsson
- Clinic of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Hospital Dental Care, Central Hospital, Karlstad, Sweden
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Tsou JA, Hagen JA, Carpenter CL, Laird-Offringa IA. DNA methylation analysis: a powerful new tool for lung cancer diagnosis. Oncogene 2002; 21:5450-61. [PMID: 12154407 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1205605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Carcinoma of the lung is the most common cause of cancer death worldwide. The estimated 5-year survival ranges from 6-16%, depending on the cell type. The best opportunity for improving survival of lung cancer patients is through early detection, when curative surgical resection is possible. Although the subjects at increased risk for developing carcinoma of the lung (long-term smokers) can be identified, only 10-20% of this group will ultimately develop the disease. Screening tests of long-term smokers employed to date (radiography and sputum cytology) have not been successful in reducing lung cancer mortality. The application of molecular markers specific for lung cancer offers new possibilities for early detection. Hypermethylation of CpG islands in the promoter regions of genes is a common phenomenon in lung cancer, as demonstrated by the analysis of the methylation status of over 40 genes from lung cancer tumors, cell lines, patient sputum and/or serum. Determination of the methylation patterns of multiple genes to obtain complex DNA methylation signatures promises to provide a highly sensitive and specific tool for lung cancer diagnosis. When combined with the development of non-invasive methods to detect such signatures, this may provide a viable method to screen subjects at risk for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Tsou
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Southern California, School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, NOR 6420, 1441 Eastlake Ave, Los Angeles, California, CA 90089-9176, USA
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Abstract
Although spiral CT has an undeniably impressive ability to detect occult lung cancers in asymptomatic smokers, it is not clear whether screening this patient group will lead to a reduction in disease-specific mortality. The specter of overdiagnosis in lung cancer screening, which manifested during the chest radiograph trials of the 1970s and 1980s, still hangs over screening regimes today. The detection of premalignant lesions by molecular medicine techniques and fluorescence bronchoscopy may allow the development of novel treatments for preinvasive disease, but it is likely that radiologic means of detection will form the front line of any near future screening program. The proposed screening techniques may be new, but their use must be tested against tried and trusted standards of medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Friedenberg
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, Orange, USA.
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