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Bharath Kumar BS, Mallick S, Manjunathachar HV, Shashank CG, Sharma A, Nagoorvali D, Soren S, Jadhav VG, Pandita S. In vitro effects of uncarboxylated osteocalcin on buffalo Leydig cell steroidogenesis. Vet Res Commun 2024:10.1007/s11259-024-10320-4. [PMID: 38305958 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10320-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Uncarboxylated osteocalcin (UcOCN), a bone derived circulating protein, has been demonstrated to influence steroidogenesis in testicular Leydig cells of murine and human species. However, the role of UcOCN in testosterone biosynthesis remains unexplored in domestic animals. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of UcOCN on the expressions of steroidogenic genes (HSD3β1, HSD3β6, CYP17A1, CYP11A1), testosterone production and GPRC6A receptor localization in buffalo Leydig cells. Leydig cells from the testes of adult Murrah buffalo were isolated, with an average cell count and viability after digestion and Percoll enrichment of 1.43 × 106 cells/g of testes and 78.5%, respectively. Immunophenotyping of Percoll-enriched cell suspension by flow cytometry showed populations of Leydig cells ranging between 69 and 73.9%. Immunostaining confirmed the presence of GPRC6A receptors and CYP11A1 positive Leydig cells. When these cells were cultured and incubated with varying levels of UcOCN (6, 12, 24, and 48 ng/ml) and LH, there was a significant (P < 0.01) increase in testosterone production and up-regulation (P < 0.05) of CYP11A1, CYP17A1, HSD3β1 and HSD3β6 gene expression. In summary, the present study underscored the effects of UcOCN on testosterone biosynthesis, expression of crucial steroidogenic genes and interaction with GPRC6A receptors in buffalo Leydig cells, emphasizing its potential implications in andrology.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Bharath Kumar
- ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India.
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Government of Karnataka, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
| | - Smrutirekha Mallick
- ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India.
- ICAR-National Institute on Foot and Mouth Disease, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 752050, India.
| | - H V Manjunathachar
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, U.P., 243122, India
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka, 590010, India
| | - C G Shashank
- ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Ankur Sharma
- ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | | | - Simson Soren
- ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | | | - Sujata Pandita
- ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
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Shakeel M, Yoon M. Functions of somatic cells for spermatogenesis in
stallions. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 64:654-670. [PMID: 35969700 PMCID: PMC9353347 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis and testis development are highly structured physiological
processes responsible for post-pubertal fertility in stallions. Spermatogenesis
comprises spermatocytogenesis, meiosis, and spermiogenesis. Although germ cell
degeneration is a continuous process, its effects are more pronounced during
spermatocytogenesis and meiosis. The productivity and efficiency of
spermatogenesis are directly linked to pubertal development, degenerated germ
cell populations, aging, nutrition, and season of the year in stallions. The
multiplex interplay of germ cells with somatic cells, endocrine and paracrine
factors, growth factors, and signaling molecules contributes to the regulation
of spermatogenesis. A cell-to-cell communication within the testes of these
factors is a fundamental requirement of normal spermatogenesis. A noteworthy
development has been made recently on discovering the effects of different
somatic cells including Leydig, Sertoli, and peritubular myoid cells on
manipulation the fate of spermatogonial stem cells. In this review, we discuss
the self-renewal, differentiation, and apoptotic roles of somatic cells and the
relationship between somatic and germ cells during normal spermatogenesis. We
also summarize the roles of different growth factors, their
paracrine/endocrine/autocrine pathways, and the different cytokines associated
with spermatogenesis. Furthermore, we highlight important matters for further
studies on the regulation of spermatogenesis. This review presents an insight
into the mechanism of spermatogenesis, and helpful in developing better
understanding of the functions of somatic cells, particularly in stallions and
would offer new research goals for developing curative techniques to address
infertility/subfertility in stallions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shakeel
- Department of Animal Science and
Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224,
Korea
- Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of
Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah, Arid Agriculture
University, Rawalpindi 44000, Pakistan
| | - Minjung Yoon
- Department of Animal Science and
Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224,
Korea
- Department of Horse, Companion and Wild
Animal Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224,
Korea
- Reseach Center for Horse Industry,
Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea
- Corresponding author: Minjung Yoon,
Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University,
Sangju 37224, Korea. Tel: +82-54-530-1233, E-mail:
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Schuler G. Steroid sulfates in domestic mammals and laboratory rodents. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2021; 76:106622. [PMID: 33765496 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2021.106622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Historically steroid sulfates have been considered predominantly as inactive metabolites. It was later discovered that by cleavage of the sulfate residue by steroid sulfatase (STS), they can be (re-)converted into active forms or into precursors for the local production of active steroids. This sulfatase pathway is now a very active field of research, which has gained considerable interest particularly in connection with the steroid metabolism of human steroid hormone-dependent cancer tissue. In comparison, there is much less information available on the occurrence of the sulfatase pathway in physiological settings, where the targeted uptake of steroid sulfates by specific transporters and their hydrolysis could serve to limit steroid effects to a subgroup of potentially steroid responsive cells. In humans, steroid sulfates of adrenal origin circulate in intriguingly high concentrations throughout most of life. Thus, ample substrate is available for the sulfatase pathway regardless of sex. However, the abundant adrenal output of steroid sulfates is a specific feature of select primates. Compared to humans, in our domestic mammals (dogs, cats, domestic ungulates) and laboratory rodents (mouse, rat) research into the biology of steroid sulfates is still in its infancy and information on the subject has so far been largely limited to punctual observations, which indicate considerable species-specific peculiarities. The aim of this overview is to provide a summary of the relevant information available in the above-mentioned species, predominantly taking into account data on concentrations of steroid sulfates in blood as well as the expression patterns and activities of relevant sulfotransferases and STS.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Schuler
- Veterinary Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
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4
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Ge W, Xiao L, Duan H, Jiang Y, Lv J, Ding Z, Hu J, Zhao X, Zhang Y. Androgen receptor, aromatase, oestrogen receptor α/β and G protein-coupled receptor 30 expression in the testes and epididymides of adult sheep. Reprod Domest Anim 2020; 55:460-468. [PMID: 31958357 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) plays a key role in reproduction, and aromatase (P450arom), nuclear oestrogen receptors (ERs) α and β, and G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) are important for testicular and epididymal cell proliferation and development. In the study, we have investigated the expression and localization of AR, P450arom, ERα, ERβ and GPR30 in testes and epididymides of sexually mature sheep by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The results demonstrate that the AR, P450arom and ERα levels in the caput and corpus epididymis were significantly lower than those in the testis and cauda epididymis (p < .05), the ERβ level in the testis was significantly higher than in the caput, corpus and cauda epididymis (p < .05), and the GPR30 level in the caput epididymis was significantly lower than in the testis and corpus and cauda epididymis (p < .05). These receptors were mainly detected in epididymal epithelial, basal, smooth muscle, Sertoli and Leydig cells, as well as in spermatozoa. Taken together, the results suggest that sheep epididymides and testes have the potential for estradiol synthesis and are the targets of both androgens and estradiol. These results provide a foundation for further studies on the mechanisms of androgens and estradiol signalling in the testes and epididymides of sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Longfei Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.,Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Duan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuting Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianshu Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ziqiang Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junjie Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xingxu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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Cooke PS, Nanjappa MK, Ko C, Prins GS, Hess RA. Estrogens in Male Physiology. Physiol Rev 2017; 97:995-1043. [PMID: 28539434 PMCID: PMC6151497 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00018.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogens have historically been associated with female reproduction, but work over the last two decades established that estrogens and their main nuclear receptors (ESR1 and ESR2) and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) also regulate male reproductive and nonreproductive organs. 17β-Estradiol (E2) is measureable in blood of men and males of other species, but in rete testis fluids, E2 reaches concentrations normally found only in females and in some species nanomolar concentrations of estrone sulfate are found in semen. Aromatase, which converts androgens to estrogens, is expressed in Leydig cells, seminiferous epithelium, and other male organs. Early studies showed E2 binding in numerous male tissues, and ESR1 and ESR2 each show unique distributions and actions in males. Exogenous estrogen treatment produced male reproductive pathologies in laboratory animals and men, especially during development, and studies with transgenic mice with compromised estrogen signaling demonstrated an E2 role in normal male physiology. Efferent ductules and epididymal functions are dependent on estrogen signaling through ESR1, whose loss impaired ion transport and water reabsorption, resulting in abnormal sperm. Loss of ESR1 or aromatase also produces effects on nonreproductive targets such as brain, adipose, skeletal muscle, bone, cardiovascular, and immune tissues. Expression of GPER is extensive in male tracts, suggesting a possible role for E2 signaling through this receptor in male reproduction. Recent evidence also indicates that membrane ESR1 has critical roles in male reproduction. Thus estrogens are important physiological regulators in males, and future studies may reveal additional roles for estrogen signaling in various target tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Cooke
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois; Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Manjunatha K Nanjappa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois; Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - CheMyong Ko
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois; Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gail S Prins
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois; Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rex A Hess
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois; Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Li Q, Zhang F, Zhang S, Sheng X, Han X, Weng Q, Yuan Z. Seasonal expression of androgen receptor, aromatase, and estrogen receptor alpha and beta in the testis of the wild ground squirrel (Citellus dauricus Brandt). Eur J Histochem 2015; 59:2456. [PMID: 25820559 PMCID: PMC4378213 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2015.2456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the seasonal expression of androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptors α and β (ERα and ERβ) and aromatase cytochrome P450 (P450arom) mRNA and protein by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry in the wild ground squirrel (WGS) testes. Histologically, all types of spermatogenic cells including mature spermatozoa were identified in the breeding season (April), while spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes were observed in the nonbreeding season (June), and spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes and secondary spermatocytes were found in pre-hibernation (September). AR was present in Leydig cells, peritubular myoid cells and Sertoli cells in the breeding season and pre-hibernation with more intense staining in the breeding season, whereas AR was only found in Leydig cells in the nonbreeding season; P450arom was expressed in Leydig cells, Sertoli cells and germ cells during the breeding season, whereas P450arom was found in Leydig cells and Sertoli cells during pre-hibernation, but P450arom was not present in the nonbreeding season; stronger immunohistochemical signal for ERα was present in Sertoli cells and Leydig cells during the breeding season; ERβ was only expressed in Leydig cells of the breeding season. Consistent with the immunohistochemical results, the mean mRNA level of AR, P450arom, ERα and ERβ were higher in the testes of the breeding season when compared to pre-hibernation and the nonbreeding season. These results suggested that the seasonal changes in spermatogenesis and testicular recrudescence and regression process in WGSs might be correlated with expression levels of AR, P450arom and ERs, and that estrogen and androgen may play an important autocrine/paracrine role to regulate seasonal testicular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Li
- Beijing Forestry University.
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7
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Schuler G, Dezhkam Y, Bingsohn L, Hoffmann B, Failing K, Galuska CE, Hartmann MF, Sánchez-Guijo A, Wudy SA. Free and sulfated steroids secretion in postpubertal boars (Sus scrofa domestica). Reproduction 2014; 148:303-14. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-14-0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Sulfated steroids have been traditionally regarded as inactive metabolites. However, they may also serve as precursors for the production of active free steroids in target cells. In this study, we used the boar as a model to study the metabolism, transport, and function of steroid sulfates due to their high production in the porcine testicular–epididymal compartment, of which the role is unknown. To characterize the secretion of free and sulfated steroids, plasma samples were collected from six postpubertal boars over 6 h every 20 min from the jugular vein. Long-term secretion profiles were also established in seven boars stimulated with human chorionic gonadotropin. To directly characterize the testicular output, samples were collected from superficial testicular arterial and venous blood vessels. Testosterone, androstenedione and sulfated pregnenolone, DHEA, estrone (E1), and estradiol-17β (E2) were determined by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Free E1 and E2 were measured by RIA. Irrespective of a high variability between individuals, the results suggest that i) all steroids assessed are primarily produced in the testis, ii) they exhibit similar profiles pointing to a pulsatile secretion with low frequency (three to five pulses per day), and iii) after synthesis at least a major proportion is immediately released into peripheral circulation. The fact that all steroid sulfates assessed are original testicular products and their high correlations with one another suggest their role as being intermediates of testicular steroidogenesis rather than as being inactivated end products. Moreover, a substantial use of sulfated steroids in porcine testicular steroidogenesis would assign a crucial regulatory role to steroid sulfatase, which is highly expressed in Leydig cells.
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Dietze R, Konrad L, Shihan M, Kirch U, Scheiner-Bobis G. Cardiac glycoside ouabain induces activation of ATF-1 and StAR expression by interacting with the α4 isoform of the sodium pump in Sertoli cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1833:511-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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de Albuquerque Couto J, Saraiva KLA, Barros CD, Udrisar DP, Peixoto CA, Vieira JSBC, do Carmo Alves de Lima M, Galdino SL, da Rocha Pitta I, Wanderley MI. Effect of chronic treatment with new benzylidene-thiazolidine-2,4-dione (LPSF/GQ-06) with potential hypoglycemic on rat Leydig cell steroidogenesis. Med Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-012-0024-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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10
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Abstract
The role of oestrogens in male reproductive tract physiology has for a long time been a subject of debate. The testis produces significant amounts of oestrogenic hormones, via aromatase, and oestrogen receptors (ERs)alpha (ESR1) and ERbeta (ESR2) are selectively expressed in cells of the testis as well as the epididymal epithelium, depending upon species. This review summarizes the current knowledge concerning the presence and activity of aromatase and ERs in testis and sperm and the potential roles that oestrogens may have in mammalian spermatogenesis. Data show that physiology of the male gonad is in part under the control of a balance of androgens and oestrogens, with aromatase serving as a modulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Carreau
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Caen, EA 2608, USC 2006 INRA, IFR 146, 14032 Caen, France
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Couto JA, Saraiva KLA, Barros CD, Udrisar DP, Peixoto CA, Vieira JSBC, Lima MC, Galdino SL, Pitta IR, Wanderley MI. Effect of chronic treatment with Rosiglitazone on Leydig cell steroidogenesis in rats: in vivo and ex vivo studies. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2010; 8:13. [PMID: 20144211 PMCID: PMC2829566 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-8-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2009] [Accepted: 02/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study was designed to examine the effect of chronic treatment with rosiglitazone - thiazolidinedione used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus for its insulin sensitizing effects - on the Leydig cell steroidogenic capacity and expression of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) in normal adult rats. METHODS Twelve adult male Wistar rats were treated with rosiglitazone (5 mg/kg) administered by gavage for 15 days. Twelve control animals were treated with the vehicle. The ability of rosiglitazone to directly affect the production of testosterone by Leydig cells ex vivo was evaluated using isolated Leydig cells from rosiglitazone-treated rats. Testosterone production was induced either by activators of the cAMP/PKA pathway (hCG and dbcAMP) or substrates of steroidogenesis [22(R)-hydroxy-cholesterol (22(R)-OH-C), which is a substrate for the P450scc enzyme, and pregnenolone, which is the product of the P450scc-catalyzed step]. Testosterone in plasma and in incubation medium was measured by radioimmunoassay. The StAR and P450scc expression was detected by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS The levels of total circulating testosterone were not altered by rosiglitazone treatment. A decrease in basal or induced testosterone production occurred in the Leydig cells of rosiglitazone-treated rats. The ultrastructural and immunocytochemical analysis of Leydig cells from rosiglitazone-treated rats revealed cells with characteristics of increased activity as well as increased StAR and P450scc expression, which are key proteins in androgen biosynthesis. However, a number of rosiglitazone-treated cells exhibited significant mitochondrial damage. CONCLUSION The results revealed that the Leydig cells from rosiglitazone-treated rats showed significant reduction in testosterone production under basal, hCG/dbcAMP- or 22 (R)-OH-C/pregnenolone-induced conditions, although increased labeling of StAR and P450scc was detected in these cells by immunocytochemistry. The ultrastructural study suggested that the lower levels of testosterone produced by these cells could be due to mitochondrial damage induced by rosiglitazone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaína A Couto
- Department of Morphology and Physiology, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, 52.171-900, Brazil
| | - Karina LA Saraiva
- Ultrastructure Laboratory, Aggeu Magalhães Research Center (FIOCRUZ) and Center for Strategic Technologies of the Northeast (CETENE), Recife, 50.670-901, Brazil
| | - Cleiton D Barros
- Department of Antibiotics, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, 50.670-901, Brazil
| | - Daniel P Udrisar
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, 50.670-901, Brazil
| | - Christina A Peixoto
- Ultrastructure Laboratory, Aggeu Magalhães Research Center (FIOCRUZ) and Center for Strategic Technologies of the Northeast (CETENE), Recife, 50.670-901, Brazil
| | - Juliany SB César Vieira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, 50.670-901, Brazil
| | - Maria C Lima
- Department of Antibiotics, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, 50.670-901, Brazil
| | - Suely L Galdino
- Department of Antibiotics, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, 50.670-901, Brazil
| | - Ivan R Pitta
- Department of Antibiotics, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, 50.670-901, Brazil
| | - Maria I Wanderley
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, 50.670-901, Brazil
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Asano Y, Akiyama K, Tsuji T, Takahashi S, Noguchi J, Kunieda T. Characterization and linkage mapping of an ENU-induced mutant mouse with defective spermatogenesis. Exp Anim 2010; 58:525-32. [PMID: 19897936 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.58.525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
repro23 is an autosomal recessive mutation of the mouse generated by the N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)-induced mutagenesis program at The Jackson Laboratory. The repro23/repro23 homozygous mouse shows male-specific infertility caused by defective spermatogenesis. In the present study, we investigated the testicular pathology of the affected mouse and performed linkage analysis to determine the chromosomal localization of the repro23 locus. Histological examination of the affected testis showed that the seminiferous epithelium of the repro23/repro23 mice contained spermatogonia and early stage spermatocytes, but no spermatids or spermatozoa. Immunohistochemical staining for Hsc70t, a spermatid specific protein, confirmed the absence of elongating spermatids. These findings indicated interruption of the spermatogenesis during meiosis in the repro23/repro23 mouse. By linkage analysis using 137 affected mice of F(2) progeny obtained from crosses between repro23/repro23 female and JF1/Ms (+/+) male mice, the repro23 locus was mapped to 2.2-Mb region of mouse chromosome 7. Although this region contains several potential candidate genes for the repro23 mutation, no gene already identified as a cause of defective spermatogenesis was in this region. Therefore, the gene responsible for the repro23 mutation is suggested to be a novel gene which plays an essential role in mammalian spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Asano
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka, Okayama, Japan
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ZHANG H, SHENG X, HU X, LI X, XU H, ZHANG M, LI B, XU M, WENG Q, ZHANG Z, TAYA K. Seasonal Changes in Spermatogenesis and Immunolocalization of Cytochrome P450 17.ALPHA.-Hydroxylase/c17-20 Lyase and Cytochrome P450 Aromatase in the Wild Male Ground Squirrel (Citellus dauricus Brandt). J Reprod Dev 2010; 56:297-302. [DOI: 10.1262/jrd.09-078t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Haolin ZHANG
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University
| | - Xia SHENG
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University
| | - Xiao HU
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University
| | - Xiuwen LI
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University
| | - Hui XU
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University
| | - Mengyuan ZHANG
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University
| | - Ben LI
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University
| | - Meiyu XU
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University
| | - Qiang WENG
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | - Zhixiang ZHANG
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University
| | - Kazuyoshi TAYA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Department of Basic Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University
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Saraiva KLA, Silva AKSE, Wanderley MI, De Araújo AA, De Souza JRB, Peixoto CA. Chronic treatment with sildenafil stimulates Leydig cell and testosterone secretion. Int J Exp Pathol 2009; 90:454-62. [PMID: 19659904 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2009.00660.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, Sildenafil, is a novel, oral treatment approach for pulmonary hypertension. As Leydig cells present PDE5, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of the chronic treatment with Sildenafil (25 mg/kg) on male Swiss Webster mice steroidogenesis. After a 4-week long experimental design, Leydig cells were analysed by morphological and immunocytochemical procedures. Serum testosterone was assayed by radioimmunoassay. Leydig cells presented noteworthy ultrastructural alterations, such as a vesicular smooth endoplasmic reticulum, large vacuoles scattered through the cytoplasm, enlarged mitochondria with discontinue cristaes and whorle membranes with vesicles at the periphery, which are typical characteristics of an activated steroid-secreting cell. Important immunocytochemical labelling for steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme and testosterone were detected in isolated Leydig cells. In addition, Sildenafil-treated mice showed significant increased levels of total testosterone. The results obtained in the present study are consistent with the hypothesis that the accumulation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate by PDE5 inhibition could be involved in the androgen biosynthesis stimulation. Important clinical implications of hormonal disorders should be taken into account for patients with pulmonary hypertension.
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15
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Carreau S, Silandre D, Bourguiba S, Hamden K, Said L, Lambard S, Galeraud-Denis I, Delalande C. Estrogens and male reproduction: a new concept. Braz J Med Biol Res 2008; 40:761-8. [PMID: 17581673 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2007000600003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2007] [Accepted: 05/04/2007] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian testis serves two main functions: production of spermatozoa and synthesis of steroids; among them estrogens are the end products obtained from the irreversible transformation of androgens by a microsomal enzymatic complex named aromatase. The aromatase is encoded by a single gene (cyp19) in humans which contains 18 exons, 9 of them being translated. In rats, the aromatase activity is mainly located in Sertoli cells of immature rats and then in Leydig cells of adult rats. We have demonstrated that germ cells represent an important source of estrogens: the amount of P450arom transcript is 3-fold higher in pachytene spermatocytes compared to gonocytes or round spermatids; conversely, aromatase activity is more intense in haploid cells. Male germ cells of mice, bank voles, bears, and monkeys express aromatase. In humans, we have shown the presence of a biologically active aromatase and of estrogen receptors (alpha and ss) in ejaculated spermatozoa and in immature germ cells in addition to Leydig cells. Moreover, we have demonstrated that the amount of P450arom transcripts is 30% lower in immotile than in motile spermatozoa. Alterations of spermatogenesis in terms of number and motility of spermatozoa have been described in men genetically deficient in aromatase. These last observations, together with our data showing a significant decrease of aromatase in immotile spermatozoa, suggest that aromatase could be involved in the acquisition of sperm motility. Thus, taking into account the widespread localization of aromatase and estrogen receptors in testicular cells, it is obvious that, besides gonadotrophins and androgens, estrogens produced locally should be considered to be physiologically relevant hormones involved in the regulation of spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Carreau
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Caen, Caen, France.
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16
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KHALAJ M, ABBASI AR, NISHIMURA R, AKIYAMA K, TSUJI T, NOGUCHI J, OKUDA K, KUNIEDA T. Leydig Cell Hyperplasia in an ENU-induced Mutant Mouse with Germ Cell Depletion. J Reprod Dev 2008; 54:225-8. [DOI: 10.1262/jrd.19191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam KHALAJ
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
| | | | - Ryo NISHIMURA
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
| | - Kouyou AKIYAMA
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
| | - Takehito TSUJI
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
| | - Junko NOGUCHI
- Reproductive Biology Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences
| | - Kiyoshi OKUDA
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
| | - Tetsuo KUNIEDA
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
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17
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AKIYAMA K, AKIMARU S, ASANO Y, KHALAJ M, KIYOSU C, MASOUDI AA, TAKAHASHI S, KATAYAMA K, TSUJI T, NOGUCHI J, KUNIEDA T. A New ENU-Induced Mutant Mouse with Defective Spermatogenesis Caused by a Nonsense Mutation of the Syntaxin 2/Epimorphin (Stx2/Epim) Gene. J Reprod Dev 2008; 54:122-8. [DOI: 10.1262/jrd.19186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kouyou AKIYAMA
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
| | - Shiho AKIMARU
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
| | - Yuka ASANO
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
| | - Maryam KHALAJ
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
| | - Chiyo KIYOSU
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
| | - Ali Akbar MASOUDI
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
| | | | - Kentaro KATAYAMA
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
- Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University
| | - Takehito TSUJI
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
| | - Junko NOGUCHI
- Reproductive Biology Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences
| | - Tetsuo KUNIEDA
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
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18
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Haeussler S, Wagner A, Welter H, Claus R. Changes of testicular aromatase expression during fetal development in male pigs (sus scrofa). Reproduction 2007; 133:323-30. [PMID: 17244757 DOI: 10.1530/rep.1.01169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Male pig fetuses secrete considerable amounts of estrogens, but the location of aromatase activity within the fetal testis is not known. The location of aromatase expression was investigated by immunocytochemistry in fetal testes from week 6 (n = 5), weeks 10, 13, and 15 (each: n = 6) of gestation and additionally in neonates (n = 4). Blood was sampled from the umbilical artery of fetuses and jugular vein of neonates. Histological evaluation of testes involved morphological criteria and counting of Leydig cells, Sertoli cells, and gonocytes. Aromatase activity was localized immunocytochemically and quantified by the percentage of positive stained cells within the same cell type. Aromatase expression was further characterized by quantitative RT-PCR. Concentrations of estrogens, testosterone, FSH, and LH were measured in blood plasma. Total estrogens increased from week 10 to a maximum of 31.03 nmol/l in week 15. Increased testosterone concentrations were only measured at week 6 and were paralleled by slightly elevated estrogens. Thereafter, testosterone dropped and was low throughout. The increase of estrogens was not paralleled by a similar increase of FSH and LH but was related to the increase of the total number of Leydig cells. This increase was also found for mRNA expression. Both Leydig cells and gonocytes were identified as contributors to estrogen formation. Gonocytes were the main source of aromatase at week 10, when gene expression by Leydig cells is low due to the preparation of a wave of Leydig cell mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Haeussler
- Institut für Tierhaltung und Tierzüchtung, Universität Hohenheim, Garbenstr 17, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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19
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NAKAI R, WENG Q, TSUNODA N, TANIYAMA H, WATANABE G, TAYA K. Immunolocalization of Inhibin/Activin Subunits and Steroidogenic Enzymes in Equine Neonatal Ovaries. J Equine Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1294/jes.18.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rie NAKAI
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | - Qiang WENG
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University
- Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University
| | | | - Hiroyuki TANIYAMA
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University
| | - Gen WATANABE
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | - Kazuyoshi TAYA
- Department of Basic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
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20
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Meng C, Shi F, Zhou Z, Huang R, Liu G, Watanabe G, Taya K. Cellular Localization of Inhibin alpha-subunit, PKB/Akt and FoxO3a proteins in the ovaries of minipigs. J Reprod Dev 2006; 53:229-36. [PMID: 17132910 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.18078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Experiments were conducted to examine the cellular localization of inhibin alpha-subunit, protein kinase B (PKB/Akt), and FoxO3a proteins in the ovaries of minipigs, Chinese Xiang pigs, by immunohistochemistry. The results indicated that inhibin alpha-subunits were localized in the granulosa cells of follicles at all stages but were not localized in corpora lutea. PKB was localized in the granulosa cells of primordial follicles and in the basal layers of the granulosa cells of preantral and antral follicles, but were not localized in atretic follicles and corpora lutea. FoxO3a was localized in the granulosa cells of follicles at all stages and was extensively localized in the cytoplasma of the luteinized granulosa cells of corpora lutea. Together, the stage- and cell-specific expression patterns of inhibin alpha-subunit, FoxO3a, and PKB suggest that these proteins might play potential roles in follicular development, atresia, and luteinization in the minipig.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Meng
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China
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