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Danforth JM, Provencher L, Goodarzi AA. Chromatin and the Cellular Response to Particle Radiation-Induced Oxidative and Clustered DNA Damage. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:910440. [PMID: 35912116 PMCID: PMC9326100 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.910440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to environmental ionizing radiation is prevalent, with greatest lifetime doses typically from high Linear Energy Transfer (high-LET) alpha particles via the radioactive decay of radon gas in indoor air. Particle radiation is highly genotoxic, inducing DNA damage including oxidative base lesions and DNA double strand breaks. Due to the ionization density of high-LET radiation, the consequent damage is highly clustered wherein ≥2 distinct DNA lesions occur within 1–2 helical turns of one another. These multiply-damaged sites are difficult for eukaryotic cells to resolve either quickly or accurately, resulting in the persistence of DNA damage and/or the accumulation of mutations at a greater rate per absorbed dose, relative to lower LET radiation types. The proximity of the same and different types of DNA lesions to one another is challenging for DNA repair processes, with diverse pathways often confounding or interplaying with one another in complex ways. In this context, understanding the state of the higher order chromatin compaction and arrangements is essential, as it influences the density of damage produced by high-LET radiation and regulates the recruitment and activity of DNA repair factors. This review will summarize the latest research exploring the processes by which clustered DNA damage sites are induced, detected, and repaired in the context of chromatin.
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Calaf GM, Crispin LA, Roy D, Aguayo F, Muñoz JP, Bleak TC. Gene Signatures Induced by Ionizing Radiation as Prognostic Tools in an In Vitro Experimental Breast Cancer Model. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4571. [PMID: 34572798 PMCID: PMC8465284 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the expression of genes involved in radiation, using an Affymetrix system with an in vitro experimental breast cancer model developed by the combined treatment of low doses of high linear energy transfer (LET) radiation α particle radiation and estrogen yielding different stages in a malignantly transformed breast cancer cell model called Alpha model. Altered expression of different molecules was detected in the non-tumorigenic Alpha3, a malignant cell line transformed only by radiation and originally derived from the parental MCF-10F human cell line; that was compared with the Alpha 5 cell line, another cell line exposed to radiation and subsequently grown in the presence 17β-estradiol. This Alpha5, a tumorigenic cell line, originated the Tumor2 cell line. It can be summarized that the Alpha 3 cell line was characterized by greater gene expression of ATM and IL7R than control, Alpha5, and Tumor2 cell lines, it presented higher selenoprotein gene expression than control and Tumor2; epsin 3 gene expression was higher than control; stefin A gene expression was higher than Alpha5; and metallothionein was higher than control and Tumor2 cell line. Therefore, radiation, independently of estrogen, induced increased ATM, IL7R, selenoprotein, GABA receptor, epsin, stefin, and metallothioneins gene expression in comparison with the control. Results showed important findings of genes involved in cancers of the breast, lung, nervous system, and others. Most genes analyzed in these studies can be used for new prognostic tools and future therapies since they affect cancer progression and metastasis. Most of all, it was revealed that in the Alpha model, a breast cancer model developed by the authors, the cell line transformed only by radiation, independently of estrogen, was characterized by greater gene expression than other cell lines. Understanding the effect of radiotherapy in different cells will help us improve the clinical outcome of radiotherapies. Thus, gene signature has been demonstrated to be specific to tumor types, hence cell-dependency must be considered in future treatment planning. Molecular and clinical features affect the results of radiotherapy. Thus, using gene technology and molecular information is possible to improve therapies and reduction of side effects while providing new insights into breast cancer-related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria M. Calaf
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile; (L.A.C.); (J.P.M.); (T.C.B.)
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Leodan A. Crispin
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile; (L.A.C.); (J.P.M.); (T.C.B.)
| | - Debasish Roy
- Department of Natural Sciences, Hostos College of the City University of New York, Bronx, NY 10451, USA;
| | - Francisco Aguayo
- Laboratorio Oncovirología, Programa de Virología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile;
| | - Juan P. Muñoz
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile; (L.A.C.); (J.P.M.); (T.C.B.)
| | - Tammy C. Bleak
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile; (L.A.C.); (J.P.M.); (T.C.B.)
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Seimetz M, Peñas J, Llerena JJ, Benlliure J, García López J, Millán-Callado MA, Benlloch JM. PADC nuclear track detector for ion spectroscopy in laser-plasma acceleration. Phys Med 2020; 76:72-76. [PMID: 32599377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The transparent polymer polyallyl-diglycol-carbonate (PADC), also known as CR-39, is widely used as detector for heavy charged particles at low fluence. It allows for detection of single protons and ions via formation of microscopic tracks after etching in NaOH or KOH solutions. PADC combines a high sensitivity and high specificity with inertness towards electromagnetic noise. Present fields of application include laser-ion acceleration, inertial confinement fusion, radiobiological studies with cell cultures, and dosimetry of nuclear fragments in particle therapy. These require precise knowledge of the energy-dependent response of PADC to different ion species. We present calibration data for a new type of detector material, Radosys RS39, to protons (0.2-3 MeV) and carbon ions (0.6-12 MeV). RS39 is less sensitive to protons than other types of PADC. Its response to carbon ions, however, is similar to other materials. Our data indicate that RS39 allows for measuring carbon ion energies up to 10 MeV only from the track diameters. In addition, it can be used for discrimination between protons and carbon ions in a single etching process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Seimetz
- Instituto de Instrumentación para Imagen Molecular (I3M), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain.
| | - J Peñas
- Instituto Galego de Física das Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J J Llerena
- Instituto Galego de Física das Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J Benlliure
- Instituto Galego de Física das Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J García López
- Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CNA), Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla, Spain
| | - M A Millán-Callado
- Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CNA), Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla, Spain
| | - J M Benlloch
- Instituto de Instrumentación para Imagen Molecular (I3M), CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
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Suetens A, Konings K, Moreels M, Quintens R, Verslegers M, Soors E, Tabury K, Grégoire V, Baatout S. Higher Initial DNA Damage and Persistent Cell Cycle Arrest after Carbon Ion Irradiation Compared to X-irradiation in Prostate and Colon Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2016; 6:87. [PMID: 27148479 PMCID: PMC4830044 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of charged-particle beams, such as carbon ions, is becoming a more and more attractive treatment option for cancer therapy. Given the precise absorbed dose-localization and an increased biological effectiveness, this form of therapy is much more advantageous compared to conventional radiotherapy, and is currently being used for treatment of specific cancer types. The high ballistic accuracy of particle beams deposits the maximal dose to the tumor, while damage to the surrounding healthy tissue is limited. In order to better understand the underlying mechanisms responsible for the increased biological effectiveness, we investigated the DNA damage and repair kinetics and cell cycle progression in two p53 mutant cell lines, more specifically a prostate (PC3) and colon (Caco-2) cancer cell line, after exposure to different radiation qualities. Cells were irradiated with various absorbed doses (0, 0.5, and 2 Gy) of accelerated 13C-ions at the Grand Accélérateur National d’Ions Lourds facility (Caen, France) or with X-rays (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 Gy). Microscopic analysis of DNA double-strand breaks showed dose-dependent increases in γ-H2AX foci numbers and foci occupancy after exposure to both types of irradiation, in both cell lines. However, 24 h after exposure, residual damage was more pronounced after lower doses of carbon ion irradiation compared to X-irradiation. Flow cytometric analysis showed that carbon ion irradiation induced a permanent G2/M arrest in PC3 cells at lower doses (2 Gy) compared to X-rays (5 Gy), while in Caco-2 cells the G2/M arrest was transient after irradiation with X-rays (2 and 5 Gy) but persistent after exposure to carbon ions (2 Gy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Suetens
- Expert Group for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Mol, Belgium
- Radiation Oncology Department, Center for Molecular Imaging, Radiotherapy and Oncology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Katrien Konings
- Expert Group for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Mol, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marjan Moreels
- Expert Group for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Mol, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Marjan Moreels,
| | - Roel Quintens
- Expert Group for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Mol, Belgium
| | - Mieke Verslegers
- Expert Group for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Mol, Belgium
| | - Els Soors
- Expert Group for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Mol, Belgium
| | - Kevin Tabury
- Expert Group for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Mol, Belgium
| | - Vincent Grégoire
- Radiation Oncology Department, Center for Molecular Imaging, Radiotherapy and Oncology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Sarah Baatout
- Expert Group for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Mol, Belgium
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Suetens A, Moreels M, Quintens R, Soors E, Buset J, Chiriotti S, Tabury K, Gregoire V, Baatout S. Dose- and time-dependent gene expression alterations in prostate and colon cancer cells after in vitro exposure to carbon ion and X-irradiation. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2015; 56:11-21. [PMID: 25190155 PMCID: PMC4572596 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rru070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Hadrontherapy is an advanced form of radiotherapy that uses beams of charged particles (such as protons and carbon ions). Compared with conventional radiotherapy, the main advantages of carbon ion therapy are the precise absorbed dose localization, along with an increased relative biological effectiveness (RBE). This high ballistic accuracy of particle beams deposits the maximal dose to the tumor, while damage to the surrounding healthy tissue is limited. Currently, hadrontherapy is being used for the treatment of specific types of cancer. Previous in vitro studies have shown that, under certain circumstances, exposure to charged particles may inhibit cell motility and migration. In the present study, we investigated the expression of four motility-related genes in prostate (PC3) and colon (Caco-2) cancer cell lines after exposure to different radiation types. Cells were irradiated with various absorbed doses (0, 0.5 and 2 Gy) of accelerated (13)C-ions at the GANIL facility (Caen, France) or with X-rays. Clonogenic assays were performed to determine the RBE. RT-qPCR analysis showed dose- and time-dependent changes in the expression of CCDC88A, FN1, MYH9 and ROCK1 in both cell lines. However, whereas in PC3 cells the response to carbon ion irradiation was enhanced compared with X-irradiation, the effect was the opposite in Caco-2 cells, indicating cell-type-specific responses to the different radiation types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Suetens
- Radiobiology Unit, Expert Group for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium Radiation Oncology Department and Center for Molecular Imaging, Radiotherapy and Oncology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), B1.5407 Avenue Hippocrate, No. 54-55, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Marjan Moreels
- Radiobiology Unit, Expert Group for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Roel Quintens
- Radiobiology Unit, Expert Group for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Els Soors
- Radiobiology Unit, Expert Group for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Jasmine Buset
- Radiobiology Unit, Expert Group for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Sabina Chiriotti
- Radiation Oncology Department and Center for Molecular Imaging, Radiotherapy and Oncology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), B1.5407 Avenue Hippocrate, No. 54-55, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium Radiation Protection, Dosimetry and Calibration Expert Group, SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium
| | - Kevin Tabury
- Radiobiology Unit, Expert Group for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Vincent Gregoire
- Radiation Oncology Department and Center for Molecular Imaging, Radiotherapy and Oncology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), B1.5407 Avenue Hippocrate, No. 54-55, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Sarah Baatout
- Radiobiology Unit, Expert Group for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, Ghent, Belgium
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Suetens A, Moreels M, Quintens R, Chiriotti S, Tabury K, Michaux A, Grégoire V, Baatout S. Carbon ion irradiation of the human prostate cancer cell line PC3: a whole genome microarray study. Int J Oncol 2014; 44:1056-72. [PMID: 24504141 PMCID: PMC3977812 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hadrontherapy is a form of external radiation therapy, which uses beams of charged particles such as carbon ions. Compared to conventional radiotherapy with photons, the main advantage of carbon ion therapy is the precise dose localization along with an increased biological effectiveness. The first results obtained from prostate cancer patients treated with carbon ion therapy showed good local tumor control and survival rates. In view of this advanced treatment modality we investigated the effects of irradiation with different beam qualities on gene expression changes in the PC3 prostate adenocarcinoma cell line. For this purpose, PC3 cells were irradiated with various doses (0.0, 0.5 and 2.0 Gy) of carbon ions (LET=33.7 keV/μm) at the beam of the Grand Accélérateur National d’Ions Lourds (Caen, France). Comparative experiments with X-rays were performed at the Belgian Nuclear Research Centre. Genome-wide gene expression was analyzed using microarrays. Our results show a downregulation in many genes involved in cell cycle and cell organization processes after 2.0 Gy irradiation. This effect was more pronounced after carbon ion irradiation compared with X-rays. Furthermore, we found a significant downregulation of many genes related to cell motility. Several of these changes were confirmed using qPCR. In addition, recurrence-free survival analysis of prostate cancer patients based on one of these motility genes (FN1) revealed that patients with low expression levels had a prolonged recurrence-free survival time, indicating that this gene may be a potential prognostic biomarker for prostate cancer. Understanding how different radiation qualities affect the cellular behavior of prostate cancer cells is important to improve the clinical outcome of cancer radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Suetens
- Radiobiology Unit, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Marjan Moreels
- Radiobiology Unit, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Roel Quintens
- Radiobiology Unit, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Sabina Chiriotti
- Radiation Protection, Dosimetry and Calibration Expert Group, SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium
| | - Kevin Tabury
- Radiobiology Unit, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Arlette Michaux
- Radiobiology Unit, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Vincent Grégoire
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Center for Molecular Imaging, Radiotherapy and Oncology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sarah Baatout
- Radiobiology Unit, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium
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Irradiation With Carbon Ion Beams Induces Apoptosis, Autophagy, and Cellular Senescence in a Human Glioma-Derived Cell Line. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010; 76:229-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2007] [Revised: 07/27/2009] [Accepted: 08/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Oishi T, Sasaki A, Hamada N, Ishiuchi S, Funayama T, Sakashita T, Kobayashi Y, Nakano T, Nakazato Y. Proliferation and cell death of human glioblastoma cells after carbon-ion beam exposure: morphologic and morphometric analyses. Neuropathology 2008; 28:408-16. [PMID: 18282165 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1789.2008.00899.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Histological analyses of glioblastoma cells after carbon-ion exposure are still limited and ultrastructural characteristics have not been investigated in detail. Here we report the results of morphological and morphometric analyses of a human glioblastoma cell line, CGNH-89, after ionizing radiation to characterize the effect of a carbon-beam on glioblastoma cells. Using CGNH-89 cells exposed to 0-10 Gy of X-ray (140 kVp) or carbon-ions (18.3 MeV/nucleon, LET=108 keV/microm), we performed conventional histology and immunocytochemistry with MIB-1 antibody, transmission electron microscopy, and computer-assisted, nuclear size measurements. CGNH-89 cells with a G to A transition in codon 280 in exon 8 of the TP53 gene had nuclei with pleomorphism, marked nuclear atypia and brisk mitotic activity. After carbon-ion and X-ray exposure, living cells showed decreased cell number, nuclear condensation, increased atypical mitotic figures, and a tendency of cytoplasmic enlargement at the level of light microscopy. The deviation of the nuclear area size increased during 48 h after irradiation, while the small cell fraction increased in 336 h. In glioblastoma cells of the control, 5 Gy carbon-beam, and 10 Gy carbon-beam, and MIB-1 labeling index decreased in 24 h (12%, 11%, 7%, respectively) but increased in 48 h (10%, 20%, 21%, respectively). Ultrastructurally, cellular enlargement seemed to depend on vacuolation, swelling of mitochondria, and increase of cellular organelles, such as the cytoskeleton and secondary lysosome. We could not observe apoptotic bodies in the CGNH-89 cells under any conditions. We conclude that carbon-ion irradiation induced cell death and senescence in a glioblastoma cell line with mutant TP53. Our results indicated that the increase of large cells with enlarged and bizarre nuclei, swollen mitochondria, and secondary lysosome occurred in glioblastoma cells after carbon-beam exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Oishi
- Department of Human Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
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Hino M, Wada S, Tajika Y, Morimura Y, Hamada N, Funayama T, Sakashita T, Kakizaki T, Kobayashi Y, Yorifuji H. Heavy ion microbeam irradiation induces ultrastructural changes in isolated single fibers of skeletal muscle. Cell Struct Funct 2007; 32:51-6. [PMID: 17460350 DOI: 10.1247/csf.06038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of heavy ion microbeams on muscle fibers isolated from mouse skeletal muscles were examined by electron microscopy. The plasma membranes of heavy ion beam-irradiated areas of muscle fibers showed irregular protrusions and invaginations. In the cytoplasm, an irregular distribution of microfilaments was found near the plasma membrane. Sarcoplasmic reticula in the irradiated regions showed a distended appearance with flocculent material within the lumen. These changes were seen as early as 2 min after irradiation, and persisted until as late as 22 min after irradiation. Many autophagic vacuoles could be seen at 7 min after irradiation. At 22 min, the vacuoles became more prominent and showed more variety. These observations suggest that heavy ion beam irradiation causes disruption of the cellular architecture and the autophagy is involved in removal of this disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Hino
- Department of Neuromuscular and Developmental Anatomy, Division of Bioregulatory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
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Funayama T, Wada S, Kobayashi Y, Watanabe H. Irradiation of mammalian cultured cells with a collimated heavy-ion microbeam. Radiat Res 2005; 163:241-6. [PMID: 15658901 DOI: 10.1667/rr3301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
As the first step for the analysis of the biological effect of heavy charged-particle radiation, we established a method for the irradiation of individual cells with a heavy-ion microbeam apparatus at JAERI-Takasaki. CHO-K1 cells attached on a thin film of an ion track detector, CR-39, were automatically detected under a fluorescence microscope and irradiated individually with an 40Ar13+ ion (11.5 MeV/nucleon, LET 1260 keV/microm) microbeam. Without killing the irradiated cells, trajectories of irradiated ions were visualized as etch pits by treatment of the CR-39 with an alkaline-ethanol solution at 37 degrees C. The exact positions of ion hits were determined by overlaying images of both cells and etch pits. The cells that were irradiated with argon ions showed a reduced growth in postirradiation observations. Moreover, a single hit of an argon ion to the cell nucleus resulted in strong growth inhibition. These results tell us that our verified irradiation method enables us to start a precise study of the effects of high-LET radiation on cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoo Funayama
- Research Group for Biotechnology Development, JAERI-Takasaki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan.
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Nemavarkar PS, Chourasia BK, Pasupathy K. Detection of gamma-irradiation induced DNA damage and radioprotection of compounds in yeast using comet assay. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2004; 45:169-174. [PMID: 15304956 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.45.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The single cell gel electrophoresis assay (SCGE), a very rapid and sensitive method, has been applied to follow gamma-irradiation induced DNA damage in budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Spheroplasting the gamma-irradiated yeast cells by enzyme glusulase, before subjecting them to electrophoresis, resulted in a well-defined appearance of comets. Yeast comets look quite different from mammalian comets. A linear relationship was observed between the doses of irradiation and the tail moments of comets. These studies were extended to follow the action of known radio-protectors, i.e., caffeine and disulfiram. The results revealed the usefulness SCGE as applied to yeast in studies of the gamma-irradiation-induced DNA breaks and also radio-protection by chemicals at doses that are not feasible with other eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Nemavarkar
- Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
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