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Lis K, Bartuzi Z. Plant Food Dyes with Antioxidant Properties and Allergies-Friend or Enemy? Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1357. [PMID: 37507897 PMCID: PMC10376437 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Color is an important food attribute which increases its attractiveness, thus influencing consumer preferences and acceptance of food products. The characteristic color of fresh, raw food is due to natural dyes present in natural food sources. Food loses its natural color during processing or storage. Loss of natural color (e.g., graying) often reduces the appeal of a product to consumers. To increase the aesthetic value of food, natural or synthetic dyes are added to it. Interestingly, the use of food coloring to enhance food attractiveness and appetizing appearance has been practiced since antiquity. Food coloring can also cause certain health effects, both negative and positive. Dyes added to food, both natural and synthetic, are primarily chemical substances that may not be neutral to the body. Some of these substances have strong antioxidant properties. Thanks to this activity, they can also perform important pro-health functions, including antiallergic ones. On the other hand, as foreign substances, they can also cause various adverse food reactions, including allergic reactions of varying severity and anaphylactic shock. This article discusses food dyes of plant origins with antioxidant properties (anthocyanins, betanins, chlorophylls, carotenoids, and curcumin) and their relationship with allergy, both as sensitizing agents and immunomodulatory agents with potential antiallergic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Lis
- Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, ul. Ujejskiego 75, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Bartuzi
- Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, ul. Ujejskiego 75, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Park JS, Kim SH, Kim YS, Kwon E, Lim HJ, Han KM, Choi YK, Jung CW, Kang BC. Nonclinical safety evaluation of food colorant lac dye via systematic toxicity profiling with assessment of in vivo antigenic potential. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1020379. [PMID: 36386152 PMCID: PMC9662299 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1020379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lac dye is a natural colorant derived mainly from the insect Kerria lacca (Kerr) and has been used in food and beverage as a red-coloring additive. Despite its increasing use for human consumption as an alternative for allergy-associated cochineal, its toxicity profile remained incomplete to sufficiently assess its safety for the intended use. In this study, we evaluated systemic and genetic toxicity by performing acute and subacute oral toxicity studies in Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats using highly purified lac dye (LD) formulated in water and a battery of genotoxicity tests, respectively. To assess antigenic potentials, we carried out an in vivo passive cutaneous anaphylaxis test. A single dose of LD did not cause mortality at 5000 mg/kg body weight (BW), setting oral LD50 of >5000 mg/kg BW in SD rats. In the 90-day study, transient salivation without accompanying histopathological lesions in the salivary glands in 200 and 500 mg/kg BW groups and red-purple pigmentation on the surface of femora and skulls in 500 mg/kg groups were observed as nonadverse effects associated with LD, and no adverse effect was detected in all of the parameters examined, establishing a 500 mg/kg BW as no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL). Furthermore, LD was not mutagenic nor clastogenic in the genotoxicity tests. When tested for antigenicity, LD did not induce anaphylactic skin responses as opposed to the positive reaction by ovalbumin, suggesting a lack of antigenicity. Taken together, these findings provide extended toxicity information on LD with direct evidence supporting the lack of antigenicity, providing essential guidance for its safe use in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Sung Park
- Department of Experimental Animal Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Graduate School of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Experimental Animal Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yun-Soon Kim
- Department of Experimental Animal Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Euna Kwon
- Department of Experimental Animal Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Lim
- Graduate School of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kang-Min Han
- Graduate School of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Pathology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Yang-Kyu Choi
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chul-Woo Jung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Kang
- Department of Experimental Animal Research, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Graduate School of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Biomedical Center for Animal Resource and Development, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Designed Animal and Transplantation Research Institute, Institute of GreenBio Science Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Byeong-Cheol Kang,
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Hashem MM, Abo-EL-Sooud K, Abd El-Hakim YM, Abdel-hamid Badr Y, El-Metwally AE, Bahy-EL-Dien A. The impact of long-term oral exposure to low doses of acrylamide on the hematological indicators, immune functions, and splenic tissue architecture in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 105:108568. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Mohammadi A, Mashayekhi K, Navashenaq JG, Haftcheshmeh SM. Curcumin as a Natural Modulator of B Lymphocytes: Evidence from In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Mini Rev Med Chem 2022; 22:2361-2370. [DOI: 10.2174/1389557522666220304122916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
B cells are the only player of humoral immune responses by the production of various types of antibodies. However, B cells are also involved in the pathogenesis of several immune-mediated diseases. Moreover, different types of B cell lymphoma have also been characterized. Selective depletion of B cells by anti-CD20 and other B cell-depleting agents in the clinic can improve a wide range of immune-mediated diseases. B cells' capacity to act as cytokine-producing cells explains how they can control immune cells' activity and contribute to disease pathogenesis. Thus, researchers investigated a safe, low-cost, and effective treatment modality for targeting B cells. In this respect, curcumin, the biologically active ingredient of turmeric, has a wide range of pharmacological activities. Evidence showed that curcumin could affect various immune cells, such as monocytes and macrophages, dendritic cells, and T lymphocytes. However, there are few pieces of evidence about the effects of curcumin on B cells. This study aims to review the available evidence about curcumin's modulatory effects on B cells' proliferation, differentiation, and function in different states. Apart from normal B cells, the modulatory effects of curcumin on B cell lymphoma will also discuss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asadollah Mohammadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Kazem Mashayekhi
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | | | - Saeed Mohammadian Haftcheshmeh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
- Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
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Anti-hyperuricemic and nephroprotective effect of geniposide in chronic hyperuricemia mice. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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Marzouki S, Bini Dhouib I, Benabdessalem C, Rekik R, Doghri R, Maroueni A, Bellasfar Z, Fazaa S, Bettaieb J, Barbouche MR, Ben Ahmed M. Specific immune responses in mice following subchronic exposure to acetamiprid. Life Sci 2017; 188:10-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Arshad L, Jantan I, Bukhari SNA, Haque MA. Immunosuppressive Effects of Natural α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl-Based Compounds, and Their Analogs and Derivatives, on Immune Cells: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:22. [PMID: 28194110 PMCID: PMC5277008 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system is complex and pervasive as it functions to prevent or limit infections in the human body. In a healthy organism, the immune system and the redox balance of immune cells maintain homeostasis within the body. The failure to maintain the balance may lead to impaired immune response and either over activity or abnormally low activity of the immune cells resulting in autoimmune or immune deficiency diseases. Compounds containing α,β-unsaturated carbonyl-based moieties are often reactive. The reactivity of these groups is responsible for their diverse pharmacological activities, and the most important and widely studied include the natural compounds curcumin, chalcone, and zerumbone. Numerous studies have revealed the mainly immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activities of the aforesaid compounds. This review highlights the specific immunosuppressive effects of these natural α,β-unsaturated carbonyl-based compounds, and their analogs and derivatives on different types of immune cells of the innate (granulocytes, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells) and adaptive (T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells) immune systems. The inhibitory effects of these compounds have been comprehensively studied on neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages but their effects on T cells, B cells, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells have not been well investigated. It is of paramount importance to continue generating experimental data on the mechanisms of action of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl-based compounds on immune cells to provide useful information for ensuing research to discover new immunomodulating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiba Arshad
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ibrahim Jantan
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Syed Nasir Abbas Bukhari
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Md Areeful Haque
- Drug and Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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10
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Immunomodulatory effects of nanocurcumin in arsenic-exposed rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 17:65-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Srivastava RM, Singh S, Dubey SK, Misra K, Khar A. Immunomodulatory and therapeutic activity of curcumin. Int Immunopharmacol 2010; 11:331-41. [PMID: 20828642 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2010.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 08/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a disease of vigorous uncontrolled activated immune responses. Overwhelming reports have suggested that the modulation of immune responses by curcumin plays a dominant role in the treatment of inflammation and metabolic diseases. Observations from both in-vitro and in-vivo studies have provided strong evidence towards the therapeutic potential of curcumin. These studies have also identified a plethora of biological targets and intricate mechanisms of action that characterize curcumin as a potent 'drug' for numerous ailments. During inflammation the functional influence of lymphocytes and the related cross-talk can be modulated by curcumin to achieve the desired immune status against diseases. This review describes the regulation of immune responses by curcumin and effectiveness of curcumin in treatment of diseases of diverse nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghvendra M Srivastava
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hillman Cancer Centre, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Decoté-Ricardo D, Chagas K, Rocha J, Redner P, Lopes U, Cambier J, de Arruda LB, Peçanha L. Modulation of in vitro murine B-lymphocyte response by curcumin. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 16:982-988. [PMID: 19303754 PMCID: PMC2908300 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2008] [Revised: 12/12/2008] [Accepted: 01/26/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin is a phenolic natural product isolated from the rhizome of Curcuma longa (tumeric). It was previously described that curcumin had a potent anti-inflammatory effect and inhibited the proliferation of a variety of tumor cells. In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of curcumin on the response of normal murine splenic B cells. Curcumin inhibited the proliferative response of purified splenic B cells from BALB/c mice stimulated with the Toll-like receptor ligands LPS and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides. LPS-induced IgM secretion was also inhibited by curcumin. The proliferative response induced by either the T-independent type 2 stimuli anti-delta-dextran or anti-IgM antibodies was relatively resistant to the effect of curcumin. We investigated the intracellular signaling events involved in the inhibitory effects of curcumin on murine B cells. Curcumin did not inhibit the increase in calcium levels induced by anti-IgM antibody. Western blotting analysis showed that curcumin inhibited TLR ligands and anti-IgM-induced phosphorylation of ERK, IkappaB and p38. Curcumin also decreased the nuclear levels of NFkappaB. Our results suggested that curcumin is an important inhibitor of signaling pathways activated upon B cell stimulation by TLR ligands. These data indicate that curcumin could be a potent pharmacological inhibitor of B cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Decoté-Ricardo
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Prof. Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Bloco I, sala I2-062, Ilha do Fundão, 21944-570 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - K.K.F. Chagas
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Prof. Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Bloco I, sala I2-062, Ilha do Fundão, 21944-570 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - J.D.B. Rocha
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Prof. Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Bloco I, sala I2-062, Ilha do Fundão, 21944-570 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - P. Redner
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - U.G. Lopes
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - J.C. Cambier
- Integrated Department of Immunology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center and National Jewish Medical Research Center, Denver, CO, USA
| | - L. Barros de Arruda
- Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Prof. Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - L.M.T. Peçanha
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Prof. Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Bloco I, sala I2-062, Ilha do Fundão, 21944-570 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Immunomodulatory effects of curcumin treatment on murine schistosomiasis mansoni. Immunobiology 2009; 214:712-27. [PMID: 19249123 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2008.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2008] [Revised: 11/28/2008] [Accepted: 11/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin is a polyphenol derived from the dietary spice turmeric. It has been shown to regulate numerous transcription factors, cytokines, adhesion molecules, and enzymes that have been linked to inflammation. In addition to inhibiting the growth of a variety of pathogens, curcumin has been shown to have nematocidal activity. The present study was designed to evaluate the schistosomicidal activity of curcumin in vivo as well as immunomodulation of granulomatous inflammation and liver pathology in acute schistosomiasis mansoni. Mice were infected each with 80 Schistosoma (S.) mansoni cercariae and injected intraperitoneally with curcumin at a total dose of 400mg/kg body weight. Curcumin was effective in reducing worm and tissue-egg burdens, hepatic granuloma volume and liver collagen content by 44.4%, 30.9%, 79%, and 38.6%, respectively. Curcumin treatment restored hepatic enzymes activities to the normal levels and enhanced catalase activity in the liver tissue of infected mice. Moreover, hepato-spleenomegaly and eosinophilia induced by S. mansoni infection were largely improved with curcumin treatment. Infected mice treated with curcumin showed low serum level of both interleukin (IL)-12 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), but IL-10 level was not significantly altered. Specific IgG and IgG1 responses against both soluble worm antigen (SWAP) and soluble egg antigen (SEA) were augmented with curcumin treatment, but IgM and IgG2a responses were not significantly changed. In conclusion, curcumin treatment modulates cellular and humoral immune responses of infected mice and lead to a significant reduction of parasite burden and liver pathology in acute murine schistosomiasis mansoni.
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Gautam SC, Gao X, Dulchavsky S. Immunomodulation by curcumin. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2007; 595:321-41. [PMID: 17569218 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-46401-5_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Turmeric, the bright yellow spice extracted from the tuberous rhizome of the plant Curcuma longa, has been used in traditional Indian and Chinese systems of medicine for centuries to treat a variety of ailments, including jaundice and hepatic disorders, rheumatism, anorexia, diabetic wounds, and menstrual difficulties. Most of the medicinal effects of turmeric have been attributed to curcumin, the principal curcumanoid found in turmeric. Recent evidence that curcumin exhibits strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and modulates the expression of transcription factors, cell cycle proteins, and signal transducing kinases has prompted the mechanism-based studies on the potential of curcumin to primarily prevent and treat cancer and inflammatory diseases. Little work has been done to study the effect of curcumin on the development of immune responses. This review discusses current knowledge on the immunomodulatory effects of curcumin on various facets of the immune response, including its effect on lymphoid cell populations, antigen presentation, humoral and cell-mediated immunity, and cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash C Gautam
- Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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Jagetia GC, Aggarwal BB. "Spicing up" of the immune system by curcumin. J Clin Immunol 2007; 27:19-35. [PMID: 17211725 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-006-9066-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2006] [Accepted: 12/11/2006] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is an orange-yellow component of turmeric (Curcuma longa), a spice often found in curry powder. Traditionally known for its an antiinflammatory effects, curcumin has been shown in the last two decades to be a potent immunomodulatory agent that can modulate the activation of T cells, B cells, macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells. Curcumin can also downregulate the expression of various proinflammatory cytokines including TNF, IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, and chemokines, most likely through inactivation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB. Interestingly, however, curcumin at low doses can also enhance antibody responses. This suggests that curcumin's reported beneficial effects in arthritis, allergy, asthma, atherosclerosis, heart disease, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, and cancer might be due in part to its ability to modulate the immune system. Together, these findings warrant further consideration of curcumin as a therapy for immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Chandra Jagetia
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Abstract
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is an orange-yellow component of turmeric (Curcuma longa), a spice often found in curry powder. Traditionally known for its an antiinflammatory effects, curcumin has been shown in the last two decades to be a potent immunomodulatory agent that can modulate the activation of T cells, B cells, macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells. Curcumin can also downregulate the expression of various proinflammatory cytokines including TNF, IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, and chemokines, most likely through inactivation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB. Interestingly, however, curcumin at low doses can also enhance antibody responses. This suggests that curcumin's reported beneficial effects in arthritis, allergy, asthma, atherosclerosis, heart disease, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, and cancer might be due in part to its ability to modulate the immune system. Together, these findings warrant further consideration of curcumin as a therapy for immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Chandra Jagetia
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Joe B, Vijaykumar M, Lokesh BR. Biological properties of curcumin-cellular and molecular mechanisms of action. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2005; 44:97-111. [PMID: 15116757 DOI: 10.1080/10408690490424702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 453] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Curcuminoids, a group of phenolic compounds isolated from the roots of Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae), exhibit a variety of beneficial effects on health and on events that help in preventing certain diseases. A vast majority of these studies were carried out with curcumin (diferuloyl methane), which is a major curcuminoid. The most detailed studies using curcumin include anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, antiviral, and antiinfectious activities. In addition, the wound healing and detoxifying properties of curcumin have also received considerable attention. As a result of extensive research on the therapeutic properties of curcumin, some understanding on the cellular, molecular, and biochemical mechanism of action of curcumin is emerging. These findings are summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Joe
- Department of Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Ohio, Block Health Science Building, 3035 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614-5804, USA.
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Zsila F, Molnár P, Deli J. Analysis of Binding Interaction between the Natural Apocarotenoid Bixin and Human Serum Albumin by Circular Dichroism and Fluorescence Spectroscopy. Chem Biodivers 2005; 2:758-72. [PMID: 17192019 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200590053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bixin is an important, pharmacologically active dietary cis-carotenoid, but its interaction with potential macromolecular targets is completely unexplored. This work was aimed to study the binding of bixin to human serum albumin (HSA), the most abundant protein in blood plasma. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy in combination with UV/VIS absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence quenching techniques were applied. Appearance of induced CD bands in the UV- and VIS-absorption spectral regions indicated the formation of non-covalent carotenoid-albumin complexes. Shape and spectral position of the extrinsic Cotton effects suggested the binding of a single bixin molecule to HSA in chiral conformation. Scatchard and non-linear regression analyses of CD titration data resulted in similar values for the association constant (Ka = 6.6 and 4.6x10(5) M(-1), resp.) and for the number of binding sites (n = 1). The binding interaction was independently confirmed by fluorescence-quenching experiment from which the binding parameters were also calculated. CD Displacement measurements performed with marker ligands established that the main drug binding sites of HSA are not involved in binding of bixin. Palmitic acid decreased the amplitude of the induced CD bands suggesting a common albumin binding site for bixin and long-chain fatty acids. The above data indicate that HSA plays a significant role in the plasma transportation of bixin and related dietary carboxylic acid carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Zsila
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, P.O. Box 17, H-1525 Budapest.
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Stintzing FC, Carle R. Functional properties of anthocyanins and betalains in plants, food, and in human nutrition. Trends Food Sci Technol 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2003.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 680] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Kapadia GJ, Azuine MA, Sridhar R, Okuda Y, Tsuruta A, Ichiishi E, Mukainake T, Takasaki M, Konoshima T, Nishino H, Tokuda H. Chemoprevention of DMBA-induced UV-B promoted, NOR-1-induced TPA promoted skin carcinogenesis, and DEN-induced phenobarbital promoted liver tumors in mice by extract of beetroot. Pharmacol Res 2003; 47:141-8. [PMID: 12543062 DOI: 10.1016/s1043-6618(02)00285-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies identified the extract of Beta vulgaris (beetroot), commercially also known as betanin, as a potent cancer chemopreventive agent in both in vitro Epstein-Barr early antigen activation assay and in an in vivo two-stage mouse lung and skin carcinogenesis. To explore this issue further, we have now investigated its cancer chemopreventive potentials in three different chemical carcinogen initiation-promotion experimental tumor models in mice. Following tumor initiation with 390 nmol of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) in 100 microl of acetone, the mouse skin tumor promotion with 3430 J/m(2) of ultraviolet light-B (UV-B) as well as splenomegaly was significantly inhibited by oral administration of 0.0025% betanin. At the same dose, betanin also afforded significant protection in the mouse skin cancer model following the topical application of 390 nmol of (+/-)-(E)-4-methyl-2-[(E)-hydroxyamino]-5-nitro-6-methoxy-3-hexanamide (NOR-1) in 100 microl of acetone and promoted by topical administration of 1.7 nmol of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). In the two-stage model of hepatocarcinogenesis in mice with N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN, 30 mg/kg) as the initiator and phenobarbital as the promoter, oral administration of 0.0025% betanin also showed a very significant inhibition of both the incidence and multiplicity of the liver tumors. These findings along with our initial reports suggest that betanin which is a regularly consumed natural product colorant is an effective cancer chemopreventive agent in mice. The most interesting observation is that the cancer chemopreventive effect was exhibited at a very low dose used in the study and thus indicating that beetroot warrants more attention for possible human applications in the control of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govind J Kapadia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Howard University, 2300 4th Street, NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA.
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OKUMURA S, AKAO T, KANEGAE H, MATSUO N, SUGANO M, YAMADA K. Adjuvant Activity of Synthetic Cationic Amphiphiles for Production of IgG Antibody in Sprague Dawley Rats. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2001. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.7.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Han SS, Chung ST, Robertson DA, Ranjan D, Bondada S. Curcumin causes the growth arrest and apoptosis of B cell lymphoma by downregulation of egr-1, c-myc, bcl-XL, NF-kappa B, and p53. Clin Immunol 1999; 93:152-61. [PMID: 10527691 DOI: 10.1006/clim.1999.4769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It has been well known that curcumin is a powerful inhibitor of proliferation of several tumor cells. However, the molecular basis of the anti-proliferative effect of curcumin has not been investigated in detail. In this paper, we present evidence to show that curcumin inhibited proliferation of a variety of B lymphoma cells. At low concentrations curcumin inhibited the proliferation of BKS-2, an immature B cell lymphoma, more effectively than that of normal B lymphocytes and caused the apoptosis of BKS-2 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, curcumin downregulated the expression of survival genes egr-1, c-myc, and bcl-X(L) as well as the tumor suppressor gene p53 in B cells. In addition, NF-kappaB binding activity was also downregulated almost completely by curcumin. Stimulation with CpG oligonucleotides or anti-CD40 overcame growth inhibition induced by low concentrations of curcumin. Our results suggest that curcumin caused the growth arrest and apoptosis of BKS-2 immature B cell lymphoma by downregulation of growth and survival promoting genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Han
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of General Surgery, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
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YAMADA K, TACHIBANA H, MATSUO N, NISHIYAMA K, SUGANO M. Structure-Activity Relationship of Immunoregulatory Factors in Foodstuffs. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 1999. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.5.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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