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Sitthiyotha T, Klaewkla M, Krusong K, Pichyangkura R, Chunsrivirot S. Computational design of Lactobacillus Acidophilus α-L-rhamnosidase to increase its structural stability. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268953. [PMID: 35613129 PMCID: PMC9132286 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
α-L-rhamnosidase catalyzes hydrolysis of the terminal α-L-rhamnose from various natural rhamnoglycosides, including naringin and hesperidin, and has various applications such as debittering of citrus juices in the food industry and flavonoid derhamnosylation in the pharmaceutical industry. However, its activity is lost at high temperatures, limiting its usage. To improve Lactobacillus acidophilus α-L-rhamnosidase stability, we employed molecular dynamics (MD) to identify a highly flexible region, as evaluated by its root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) value, and computational protein design (Rosetta) to increase rigidity and favorable interactions of residues in highly flexible regions. MD results show that five regions have the highest flexibilities and were selected for design by Rosetta. Twenty-one designed mutants with the best ΔΔG at each position and ΔΔG < 0 REU were simulated at high temperature. Eight designed mutants with ΔRMSF of highly flexible regions lower than -10.0% were further simulated at the optimum temperature of the wild type. N88Q, N202V, G207D, Q209M, N211T and Y213K mutants were predicted to be more stable and could maintain their native structures better than the wild type due to increased hydrogen bond interactions of designed residues and their neighboring residues. These designed mutants are promising enzymes with high potential for stability improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thassanai Sitthiyotha
- Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Methus Klaewkla
- Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kuakarun Krusong
- Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rath Pichyangkura
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Surasak Chunsrivirot
- Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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Li LJ, Wu ZY, Yu Y, Zhang LJ, Zhu YB, Ni H, Chen F. Development and characterization of an α-l-rhamnosidase mutant with improved thermostability and a higher efficiency for debittering orange juice. Food Chem 2017; 245:1070-1078. [PMID: 29287324 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The glycoside hydrolase, α-l-rhamnosidase, could remove the bitter taste of naringin from citrus juices. However, most α-l-rhamnosidases are easily deactivated at high temperatures, limiting the practice in debittering citrus juices. The V529A mutant of the α-l-rhamnosidase r-Rha1 from Aspergillus niger JMU-TS528 was developed with improved thermostability using directed evolution technology and site-directed mutagenesis. The enzyme mutant had a half-live of thermal inactivation T(1/2) of 1.92 h, 25.00 min, and 2 min at 60, 65, and 70 °C, respectively. In addition, it had improved substrate affinity and better resistance to the inhibition of glucose. The improved substrate affinity was related to its lowered binding energy. Most significantly, the naringin content was reduced to below the bitter taste threshold by treatment with 75 U/mL of the mutant during the preheating process of orange juice production. The comprehensive results indicate that thermostability improvement could promote the practical value of α-l-rhamnosidase in citrus juice processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jun Li
- College of Food and Biology Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China
| | - Zhe Yu Wu
- College of Food and Biology Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China
| | - Yue Yu
- College of Food and Biology Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China
| | - Lu Jia Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 201100, China
| | - Yan Bing Zhu
- College of Food and Biology Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China
| | - Hui Ni
- College of Food and Biology Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China.
| | - Feng Chen
- College of Food and Biology Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361021, China; Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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Mueller M, Zartl B, Schleritzko A, Stenzl M, Viernstein H, Unger FM. Rhamnosidase activity of selected probiotics and their ability to hydrolyse flavonoid rhamnoglucosides. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2017; 41:221-228. [PMID: 29124335 PMCID: PMC5773629 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-017-1860-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bioavailability of flavonoids is low, especially when occurring as rhamnoglucosides. Thus, the hydrolysis of rutin, hesperidin, naringin and a mixture of narcissin and rutin (from Cyrtosperma johnstonii) by 14 selected probiotics was tested. All strains showed rhamnosidase activity as shown using 4-nitrophenyl α-l-rhamnopyranoside as a substrate. Hesperidin was hydrolysed by 8–27% after 4 and up to 80% after 10 days and narcissin to 14–56% after 4 and 25–97% after 10 days. Rutin was hardly hydrolysed with a conversion rate ranging from 0 to 5% after 10 days. In the presence of narcissin, the hydrolysis of rutin was increased indicating that narcissin acts as an inducer. The rhamnosidase activity as well as the ability to hydrolyse flavonoid rhamnoglucosides was highly strain specific. Naringin was not hydrolysed by rhamnosidase from probiotics, not even by the purified recombinant enzyme, only by fungal rhamnosidase. In conclusion, rhamnosidases from the tested probiotics are substrate specific cleaving hesperidin, narcissin and to a small extent rutin, but not naringin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Mueller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Barbara Zartl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Agnes Schleritzko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Margit Stenzl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmut Viernstein
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Frank M Unger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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Li L, Yu Y, Zhang X, Jiang Z, Zhu Y, Xiao A, Ni H, Chen F. Expression and biochemical characterization of recombinant α-l-rhamnosidase r-Rha1 from Aspergillus niger JMU-TS528. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 85:391-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.12.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Jo Y, Lim S, Chang PS, Choi YJ. The possible presence of natural β-D-glucosidase inhibitors in jujube leaf extract. Food Chem 2015; 194:212-7. [PMID: 26471546 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Isoquercitrin is a phenolic compound well-known for having greater health benefits than quercitin, its aglycone derivative, and other related glycosides. However, isoquercitrin is rarely found in nature. Here, we optimized the conditions for the enzymatic transformation of isoquercitrin from rutin that was extracted from jujube leaf using the hesperidinase, enzyme complex containing β-D-glucosidase and α-L-rhamnosidase. The maximum productivity (2.57±0.16mg/mL) was experimentally found under the following conditions: 47.3°C, 52.16h, and pH 5.31, which agreed well with the predicted value (2.65mg/mL). However, the achievement of this maximum yield was due to the absence of β-D-glucosidase activity. Further investigations using a β-D-glucosidase assay and reaction measurements under various conditions revealed that the β-D-glucosidase activity was not blocked by denaturation or known inhibitory factors. Currently, there are no recognized β-D-glucosidase inhibitors present in the jujube leaf; however, our observations strongly suggest that an unidentified β-D-glucosidase inhibitor exists in jujube leaf extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngje Jo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokwon Lim
- Department of Food Science & Technology, College of Life and Health Science, Hoseo University, Asan, Chungnam 336-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Pahn-Shick Chang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea; Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea; Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea.
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Gudzenko OV. THE THERMAL INACTIVATION OF Eupenicillium erubescens α-L-RHAMNOSIDASE. BIOTECHNOLOGIA ACTA 2014. [DOI: 10.15407/biotech7.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Prunin- and hesperetin glucoside-alkyl (C4–C18) esters interaction with Jurkat cells plasma membrane: Consequences on membrane physical properties and antioxidant capacity. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 55:411-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Kinetic study of the alkyl flavonoid ester prunin 6″-O-laurate synthesis in acetone catalysed by immobilised Candida antarctica lipase B. Biochem Eng J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2012.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Salas MP, Reynoso CM, Céliz G, Daz M, Resnik SL. Efficacy of flavanones obtained from citrus residues to prevent patulin contamination. Food Res Int 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Weignerová L, Marhol P, Gerstorferová D, Křen V. Preparatory production of quercetin-3-β-D-glucopyranoside using alkali-tolerant thermostable α-L-rhamnosidase from Aspergillus terreus. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 115:222-7. [PMID: 21890350 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Extensive screening for a robust producer of α-L-rhamnosidase activity from well-defined strains of filamentous fungi, including multifactorial optimization (inducers, cultivation conditions) was accomplished. Enzyme production of the optimal producer Aspergillus terreus (non-toxigenic) was scaled up to 50L. α-L-Rhamnosidase, which was fully characterized, proved to be thermo- and alkali-tolerant, thus enabling effective operation at 70°C and pH 8.0. These conditions allow for a very high substrate (rutin) load up to 100-300 g/L, thus enabling very high volumetric productivity of the reaction product quercetin-3-β-D-glucopyranoside (isoquercitrin). Here, a novel concept of "immobilised substrate" is used. Isoquercitrin is a highly effective and biocompatible antioxidant with strong anti-inflammatory activities. Rutin biotransformation was optimized and scaled up to ca 10 kg production and thus the robustness of the large-scale production was demonstrated. Isoquercitrin can be produced to a very high purity (98%) in multikilogram amounts, without any quercetin and directly applicable in nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Weignerová
- Institute of Microbiology, Center for Biocatalysis and Biotransformation, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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Vila-Real H, Alfaia AJ, Bronze MR, Calado ART, Ribeiro MHL. Enzymatic Synthesis of the Flavone Glucosides, Prunin and Isoquercetin, and the Aglycones, Naringenin and Quercetin, with Selective α-L-Rhamnosidase and β-D-Glucosidase Activities of Naringinase. Enzyme Res 2011; 2011:692618. [PMID: 21941631 PMCID: PMC3173969 DOI: 10.4061/2011/692618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of flavonoid glycosides by removing rhamnose from
rutinosides can be accomplished through enzymatic catalysis.
Naringinase is an enzyme complex, expressing both α-L-rhamnosidase and β-D-glucosidase activities, with application in glycosides
hydrolysis. To produce monoglycosylated flavonoids with naringinase,
the expression of β-D-glucosidase activity is not desirable leading to the
need of expensive methods for α-L-rhamnosidase purification. Therefore, the main purpose
of this study was the inactivation of β-D-glucosidase activity expressed by naringinase keeping α-L-rhamnosidase with a high retention activity. Response
surface methodology (RSM) was used to evaluate the effects of
temperature and pH on β-D-glucosidase inactivation. A selective inactivation of β-D-glucosidase activity of naringinase was achieved at 81.5°C and pH 3.9, keeping a very high residual activity of α-L-rhamnosidase (78%). This was a crucial achievement
towards an easy and cheap production method of very expensive
flavonoids, like prunin and isoquercetin starting from naringin and
rutin, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélder Vila-Real
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (i-Med-UL), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Avenue Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
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Salas MP, Céliz G, Geronazzo H, Daz M, Resnik SL. Antifungal activity of natural and enzymatically-modified flavonoids isolated from citrus species. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.07.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Céliz G, Daz M. Biocatalytic preparation of alkyl esters of citrus flavanone glucoside prunin in organic media. Process Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2010.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Céliz G, Audisio MC, Daz M. Antimicrobial properties of prunin, a citric flavanone glucoside, and its prunin 6″-O-lauroyl ester. J Appl Microbiol 2010; 109:1450-7. [PMID: 20553344 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04773.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the antimicrobial potential of prunin (P), a flavanone glucoside resulting from the hydrolysis of naringin present in grapefruit, and of its prunin 6″-O-lauroyl ester (PL), synthesized by enzymatic catalysis. METHODS AND RESULTS P and its lauroyl ester were tested against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, yeasts and moulds. P showed no inhibitory effect against the micro-organisms assayed, but stimulated growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and different Bacilllus sp. However, 150 μg ml(-1) of PL inhibited Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, many Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus aureus ATCC29213, Enterococcus avium DSMZ17511, and different Listeria monocytogenes strains. In the last case, L. monocytogenes, sensitive or bacteriocin-resistant cells, lost nearly 4-log reductions after 30 min of contact. A bactericidal mode of action was determined using both scanning and transmission electronic microscopies. CONCLUSIONS PL could be used as a food additive, because at low concentration (150 μg ml(-1)) it exhibited antimicrobial activity against important food-borne pathogens. A bactericidal effect was also determined on L. monocytogenes sensitive and bacteriocin-resistant mutant strains. P did not show any antimicrobial property at all. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY PL is a potential antimicrobial compound with a high anti-Listeria property.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Céliz
- Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI)-CONICET, Salta, Argentina
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Martearena MR, Daz M, Ellenrieder G. Synthesis of rutinosides and rutinose by reverse hydrolysis catalyzed by fungal α-l-rhamnosidases. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10242420701568617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Deactivation Kinetics and Response Surface Analysis of the Stability of α-l-Rhamnosidase from Penicillium decumbens. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2008; 152:29-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-008-8204-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2007] [Accepted: 01/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Immobilization of a recombinant Escherichia coli producing a thermostable α-l-rhamnosidase: Creation of a bioreactor for hydrolyses of naringin. Enzyme Microb Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Turner P, Mamo G, Karlsson EN. Potential and utilization of thermophiles and thermostable enzymes in biorefining. Microb Cell Fact 2007; 6:9. [PMID: 17359551 PMCID: PMC1851020 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-6-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2007] [Accepted: 03/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In today's world, there is an increasing trend towards the use of renewable, cheap and readily available biomass in the production of a wide variety of fine and bulk chemicals in different biorefineries. Biorefineries utilize the activities of microbial cells and their enzymes to convert biomass into target products. Many of these processes require enzymes which are operationally stable at high temperature thus allowing e.g. easy mixing, better substrate solubility, high mass transfer rate, and lowered risk of contamination. Thermophiles have often been proposed as sources of industrially relevant thermostable enzymes. Here we discuss existing and potential applications of thermophiles and thermostable enzymes with focus on conversion of carbohydrate containing raw materials. Their importance in biorefineries is explained using examples of lignocellulose and starch conversions to desired products. Strategies that enhance thermostablity of enzymes both in vivo and in vitro are also assessed. Moreover, this review deals with efforts made on developing vectors for expressing recombinant enzymes in thermophilic hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernilla Turner
- Dept Biotechnology, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Gashaw Mamo
- Dept Biotechnology, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Eva Nordberg Karlsson
- Dept Biotechnology, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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Miyata T, Kashige N, Satho T, Yamaguchi T, Aso Y, Miake F. Cloning, sequence analysis, and expression of the gene encoding Sphingomonas paucimobilis FP2001 alpha-L -rhamnosidase. Curr Microbiol 2005; 51:105-9. [PMID: 15991055 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-005-4487-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2004] [Accepted: 02/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The gene (rhaM) encoding the alpha-L-rhamnosidase of Sphingomonas paucimobilis FP2001 was cloned, sequenced, and expressed in Escherichia coli. The rhaM consisted of 3,354 nucleotides and had a promoter and Shine-Dalgarno sequences typical in bacteria. The rhaM encoding a protein (Rham) deducted from the sequence consisted of 1,117 amino acids and had a putative signal peptide of 25 amino acids. Rham has no similarity to other known rhamnosidases. Rham has a sugar-binding domain of glycoside hydrolase family 2, which has been well conserved in beta-glucuronidase, beta-mannosidase, and beta-galactosidase, in its C-terminal region. Rham is possibly a member of a new bacterial subfamily in glycoside hydrolase family 78 (alpha-L-rhamnosidase). RT-PCR analysis of rhaM mRNA indicated that the induction of alpha-L-rhamnosidase by the addition of L-rhamnose occurred on the transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Miyata
- Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Johnan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
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Birgisson H, Hreggvidsson GO, Fridjónsson OH, Mort A, Kristjánsson JK, Mattiasson B. Two new thermostable α-l-rhamnosidases from a novel thermophilic bacterium. Enzyme Microb Technol 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2003.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Monti D, Pisvejcová A, Kren V, Lama M, Riva S. Generation of an ?-L-rhamnosidase library and its application for the selective derhamnosylation of natural products. Biotechnol Bioeng 2004; 87:763-71. [PMID: 15329934 DOI: 10.1002/bit.20187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A screening of 16 different fungal strains was performed under different cultivation conditions, using L-rhamnose or L-rhamnose-containing flavonoid glycosides (rutin, hesperidin, and naringin) as specific inducers. No significant constitutive production of alpha-L-rhamnosidases was detected in noninduced cultures, while high levels of these glycosidase activities were obtained using different inducers. New species, so far unknown for the production of alpha-L-rhamnosidases, were identified. More than 30 different alpha-L-rhamnosidase samples were prepared by ammonium sulfate precipitation. Substrate specificity of this alpha-L-rhamnosidase library was tested with various L-rhamnose-containing natural compounds (flavonoids, terpenoids, and saponins). Most of the enzymatic preparations showed broad substrate specificity, and some of them were also acting on sterically hindered substrates (e.g., quercitrin). The screening of the library under different reaction conditions showed the coexistence, in the same preparation, of more than one alpha-L-rhamnosidase activities with different substrate specificity and different stability towards organic cosolvents. To exploit this enzymatic library for synthetic applications, the presence of contaminating alpha-L-arabinosidases and beta-D-glucosidases was investigated. The latter enzymes were observed in several preparations, while alpha-L-arabinosidase content was generally quite low. The selective derhamnosylation of the saponin desglucoruscin was performed on a preparative scale. The enzyme obtained by rhamnose induction of the Aspergillus niger K2 CCIM strain showed high activity towards this substrate and negligible alpha-L-arabinosidase contamination. Therefore, it was chosen as a catalyst for the selective derhamnosylation reaction, which provided the desired product in 70% yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Monti
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR, Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milano, Italy.
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