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Shahbazi M, Tohidfar M, Aliniaeifard S, Yazdanpanah F, Bosacchi M. Transgenic tobacco co-expressing flavodoxin and betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase confers cadmium tolerance through boosting antioxidant capacity. PROTOPLASMA 2022; 259:965-979. [PMID: 34686944 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-021-01714-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Excessive heavy metal (HM) levels in soil have become a source of concern due to their adverse effects on human health and the agriculture industry. Soil contamination by HMs leads to an accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROSs) within the plant cell and disruption of photosynthesis-related proteins. The response of tobacco lines overexpressing flavodoxin (Fld) and betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) to cadmium (Cd) toxicity was investigated in this study. PCR results demonstrated the expected amplicon length of each gene in the transgenic lines. Absolute qRT-PCR demonstrates a single copy of T-DNA integration into each transgenic line. Relative qRT-PCR confirmed overexpression of Fld and BADH in transgenic lines. The maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) was measured under Cd toxicity stress and revealed that transgenic lines had a higher Fv/Fm than wild-type (WT) plants. Accumulation of proline, glycine betaine (GB), and higher activity of antioxidant enzymes alongside lower levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was indicative of a robust antioxidant system in transgenic plants. Therefore, performing a loop in reducing the ROS produced in the photosynthesis electron transport chain and stimulating the ROS scavenger enzyme activity improved the plant tolerance to Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Shahbazi
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, 1983969411, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Tohidfar
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, 1983969411, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sasan Aliniaeifard
- Photosynthesis Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, Aburaihan Campus, University of Tehran, 1417935840, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Yazdanpanah
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, 1983969411, Tehran, Iran
| | - Massimo Bosacchi
- Park at the, Danforth Plant Science Center, KWS Gateway Research Center, LLC, BRDG, Saint Louis, MO, USA
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Perveen S, Parveen A, Saeed M, Arshad R, Zafar S. Interactive effect of glycine, alanine, and calcium nitrate Ca(NO 3) 2 on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under lead (Pb) stress. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:37954-37968. [PMID: 35075561 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17348-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aim of this study was to evaluate the interactive effects of glycine, alanine, calcium nitrate [Ca(NO3)2], and their mixture on the growth of two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties, i.e., var. Punjab-2011 and var. Anaj-2017 under lead [0.5 mM Pb(NO3)2] stress. A pot experiment was conducted for this purpose. Pre-sowing seed treatment with 1 mM glycine, alanine, and calcium nitrate [Ca(NO3)2] was applied under two levels of lead nitrate [Pb(NO3)2] stress, i.e., control and 0.5 mM Pb(NO3)2. Lead (0.5 mM) stress significantly decreased root and shoot lengths, fresh and dry weights of root and shoot, and chlorophyll contents, while it increased activities of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), and peroxidase (POD) in both wheat varieties. Lead (0.5 mM) stress increased the accumulation of free proline, glycinebetaine, total free amino acids, and total soluble protein contents. Although var. Punjab-2011 was higher in root fresh and dry weights, shoot length, and total leaf area per plant, however, var. Anaj-2017 showed less reduction in shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, and shoot length under lead stress. Under lead stress, Punjab-2011 was higher in grain yield and number of grain plant-1, chlorophyll a contents, membrane permeability (%), POD activity, total free amino acids, and glycinebetaine (GB) contents as compared to Anaj-2017. Pre-sowing seed treatments with glycine, alanine, calcium nitrate, and their mixture (1 mM of each) increased shoot dry weight, number of grains per plants, 100-grain weight, number of spikes, and chlorophyll a contents under normal and lead-stressed conditions. Wheat var. Anaj-2017 showed higher growth and yield attributes as compared to var. Punjab-2011. Results of the current study have shown that pre-sowing seed treatments with glycine, alanine, calcium nitrate, and their mixture (1 mM of each) can overcome the harmful effects of lead (Pb) stress in wheat plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagufta Perveen
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Abida Parveen
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saeed
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Arshad
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sara Zafar
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
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Xue W, Zhang C, Huang Y, Wang C, Zhang X, Liu Z. Rice organs concentrate cadmium by chelation of amino acids containing dicarboxyl groups and enhance risks to human and environmental health in Cd-contaminated areas. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 426:128130. [PMID: 34959214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
When rice plants grown in paddy fields with Cd content of 0.3-1.5 mg kg-1, Cd quantities in roots and straws were 2-7 times higher than that in topsoil. Return of these vegetative organs to topsoil aggravated the ecological risk of Cd pollution. Cd content in rice grains was 0.1-1.3 mg kg-1, and hazard quotients for local consumers by intake of these rice were 0.7-8.8. Planting low-Cd-accumulating (LCA) cultivar reduced hazard quotients for consumers by intake of rice, but had similar ecological risks as high-accumulating (HCA) cultivars. LCA cultivar had lower Cd content in grains as well as higher efficiency of altering Cd into insoluble forms in flag leaves and upmost nodes than HCA cultivars. Insoluble Cd content in nodes was linearly increased with soil Cd content, companied by significant decline of 4 amino acids with dicarboxyl groups. Glu or Asp can form a cyclic complex with Cd by two O atoms from α-COO- and side chain-COO-. These results indicate that roots and straws have high potential to concentrate Cd by forming complexes between amino acids and Cd ions, and Cd-enriched straw return to topsoil may aggravate the ecological risk of Cd contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Xue
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Changbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Yongchun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Changrong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Zhongqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China.
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Reactive Oxygen Species, Antioxidant Responses and Implications from a Microbial Modulation Perspective. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020155. [PMID: 35205022 PMCID: PMC8869449 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Environmental conditions are subject to unprecedented changes due to recent progressive anthropogenic activities on our planet. Plants, as the frontline of food security, are susceptible to these changes, resulting in the generation of unavoidable byproducts of metabolism (ROS), which eventually affect their productivity. The response of plants to these unfavorable conditions is highly intricate and depends on several factors, among them are the species/genotype tolerance level, intensity, and duration of stress factors. Defensive mechanisms in plant systems, by nature, are concerned primarily with generating enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. In addition to this, plant-microbe interactions have been found to improve immune systems in plants suffering from drought and salinity stress. Abstract Plants are exposed to various environmental stresses in their lifespan that threaten their survival. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), the byproducts of aerobic metabolism, are essential signalling molecules in regulating multiple plant developmental processes as well as in reinforcing plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stimuli. However, intensified environmental challenges such as salinity, drought, UV irradiation, and heavy metals usually interfere with natural ROS metabolism and homeostasis, thus aggravating ROS generation excessively and ultimately resulting in oxidative stress. Cellular damage is confined to the degradation of biomolecular structures, including carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, pigments, and DNA. The nature of the double-edged function of ROS as a secondary messenger or harmful oxidant has been attributed to the degree of existing balance between cellular ROS production and ROS removal machinery. The activities of enzyme-based antioxidants, catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR, E.C.1.6.5.4), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR, EC 1.8.5.1), superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11), glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2), and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX, EC 1.11.1.7); and non-enzyme based antioxidant molecules, ascorbate (AA), glutathione (GSH), carotenoids, α-tocopherol, prolines, flavonoids, and phenolics, are indeed parts of the defensive strategies developed by plants to scavenge excess ROS and to maintain cellular redox homeostasis during oxidative stress. This review briefly summarises current knowledge on enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant machinery in plants. Moreover, additional information about the beneficial impact of the microbiome on countering abiotic/biotic stresses in association with roots and plant tissues has also been provided.
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Riyazuddin R, Nisha N, Ejaz B, Khan MIR, Kumar M, Ramteke PW, Gupta R. A Comprehensive Review on the Heavy Metal Toxicity and Sequestration in Plants. Biomolecules 2021; 12:biom12010043. [PMID: 35053191 PMCID: PMC8774178 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal (HM) toxicity has become a global concern in recent years and is imposing a severe threat to the environment and human health. In the case of plants, a higher concentration of HMs, above a threshold, adversely affects cellular metabolism because of the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which target the key biological molecules. Moreover, some of the HMs such as mercury and arsenic, among others, can directly alter the protein/enzyme activities by targeting their –SH group to further impede the cellular metabolism. Particularly, inhibition of photosynthesis has been reported under HM toxicity because HMs trigger the degradation of chlorophyll molecules by enhancing the chlorophyllase activity and by replacing the central Mg ion in the porphyrin ring which affects overall plant growth and yield. Consequently, plants utilize various strategies to mitigate the negative impact of HM toxicity by limiting the uptake of these HMs and their sequestration into the vacuoles with the help of various molecules including proteins such as phytochelatins, metallothionein, compatible solutes, and secondary metabolites. In this comprehensive review, we provided insights towards a wider aspect of HM toxicity, ranging from their negative impact on plant growth to the mechanisms employed by the plants to alleviate the HM toxicity and presented the molecular mechanism of HMs toxicity and sequestration in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyazuddin Riyazuddin
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Kozep fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary;
- Faculty of Science and Informatics, Doctoral School in Biology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Nisha Nisha
- Department of Integrated Plant Protection, Faculty of Horticultural Science, Plant Protection Institute, Szent István University, 2100 Godollo, Hungary;
| | - Bushra Ejaz
- Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; (B.E.); (M.I.R.K.)
| | - M. Iqbal R. Khan
- Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; (B.E.); (M.I.R.K.)
| | - Manu Kumar
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University, Seoul 10326, Korea;
| | - Pramod W. Ramteke
- Department of Life Sciences, Mandsaur University, Mandsaur 458001, India;
| | - Ravi Gupta
- College of General Education, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea
- Correspondence: or
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Nahar NEN, Prodhan MY, Mimata Y, Yonezawa A, Nakamura T, Nakamura Y, Munemasa S, Murata Y. Neither glutamate nor alanine but arginine sensitizes BY-2 cells to arsenate. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 86:37-46. [PMID: 34718409 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is toxic for plants. Our previous results showed that the application of proline enhanced the sensitivity of tobacco BY-2 cells to arsenate. In order to clarify the enhancement mechanism, we investigated the effects of other amino acids on the arsenate-stressed BY-2 cells. Glutamate at up to 10 mM did not affect the cell growth in the absence or presence of arsenate. Arginine at up to 10 mM did not affect the growth in the absence of arsenate but arginine at 10 mM enhanced the inhibition of the cell growth by arsenate. Alanine at up to 10 mM did not affect the cell growth under non-stressed condition but alanine at 10 mM significantly improved the cell growth under arsenate stress. These results suggest that alanine mitigates arsenate stress in BY-2 cells and that arginine like proline enhances the sensitivity of BY-2 cells to arsenate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur-E-Nazmun Nahar
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama Japan
| | - Md Yeasin Prodhan
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Mimata
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama Japan
| | - Anna Yonezawa
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Nakamura
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Nakamura
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama Japan
| | - Shintaro Munemasa
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Murata
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama Japan
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Tyagi A, Sharma S, Srivastava H, Singh NK, Gaikwad K. In silico characterization and homology modeling of cytosolic APX gene predicts novel glycine residue modulating waterlogging stress response in pigeon pea. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10888. [PMID: 34026340 PMCID: PMC8123230 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) is a member of the family of heme-containing peroxidases having a similar structure with Cytochrome c peroxidase (CCP) that effectively scavenge cytosolic and chloroplastic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) under various stresses. In this study, computational characterization and homology analysis of APX protein from waterlogging tolerant (ICPL 84023) and sensitive (ICP 7035) pigeon pea genotypes were carried out resulting in 100% homology with Glycine max in case of former and 99% in later genotypes respectively with 97.39% alignment coverage among each other. The model structure was further refined by various tools like PROCHECK, ProSA, and Verify3D. The planned model of the APX enzyme was then tested to dock with H2O2along with molecular dynamics (MD) simulation analysis. The docked complex of ICPL 84023 showed the best G-score (23.39 kcal/mol) in comparison to ICP 7035 (16.74 kcal/mol) depicting the higher production of APX for scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) production making this genotype more tolerant. The important binding residues in the ICPL 84023-H2O2complex (SER1, THR4, GLU23, and GLY13) have shown less fluctuation than the ICP 7035-H2O2 complex (SER1, THR4, and GLU23). Overall, our results showed that amino acid residue glycine in ICPL 84023 APX gene has a high binding affinity with H2O2 which could be a key factor associated with waterlogging stress tolerance in pigeon pea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshika Tyagi
- ICAR- National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandhya Sharma
- ICAR- National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Kishor Gaikwad
- ICAR- National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
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Jiang M, Jiang J, Li S, Li M, Tan Y, Song S, Shu Q, Huang J. Glutamate alleviates cadmium toxicity in rice via suppressing cadmium uptake and translocation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 384:121319. [PMID: 31607581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), a naturally occurring heavy metal, is toxic to animals and plants. Minimization of Cd in rice grain is important to human health since rice is the main source of Cd intake for human populations feeding on it as staple food. Glutamate (Glu) is reportedly involved in plant abiotic stress responses, whereas the underlying molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. In this study, we showed that supplement of Glu, but not glutamine, significantly alleviated Cd toxicity in hydroponically grown rice plants. Cd accumulation was reduced by 44.1% and 65.6% in root and shoot of rice plants respectively, after Glu supplementation (3 mM). Glu supplement restored chlorophyll biosynthesis and significantly ameliorated Cd-induced oxidative stress with reduced levels of H2O2, 1O2, MDA, and increased activities of major anti-oxidant enzymes, catalase, peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase. Levels of stress-associated free amino acids proline, arginine and γ-aminobutyric acid were also reduced after Glu supplement. We further demonstrated that Glu supplement suppressed the Cd-induced expression of metal transporter genes OsNramp1, OsNramp5, OsIRT1, OsIRT2, OsHMA2 and OsHMA3 in roots of Cd-treated plants. Taken together, our results suggest that Glu supplement could alleviate Cd toxicity in rice by suppressing Cd uptake and translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Crop Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China; Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Crop Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Crop Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Analysis Center of Agrobiology and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Mei Li
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Crop Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Analysis Center of Agrobiology and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yuanyuan Tan
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Crop Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shiyong Song
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Crop Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qingyao Shu
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Crop Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China.
| | - Jianzhong Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Crop Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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He X, Richmond MEA, Williams DV, Zheng W, Wu F. Exogenous Glycinebetaine Reduces Cadmium Uptake and Mitigates Cadmium Toxicity in Two Tobacco Genotypes Differing in Cadmium Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1612. [PMID: 30935160 PMCID: PMC6480294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Greenhouse hydroponic experiments were conducted using Cd-sensitive (cv. Guiyan1) and Cd-tolerant (cv. Yunyan2) tobacco cultivars to study the ameliorative effects of exogenous glycinebetaine (GB) upon 5 μM Cd stress. The foliar spray of GB markedly reduced Cd concentrations in plants and alleviated Cd-induced soil plant analysis development (SPAD) value, plant height and root length inhibition, with the mitigation effect being more obvious in Yunyan2. External GB markedly reduced Cd-induced malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation, induced stomatal closure, ameliorated Cd-induced damages on leaf/root ultrastructure, and increased the chlorophyll content and fluorescence parameters of Fo, Fm, and Fv/Fm in both cultivars and Pn in Yunyan2. Exogenous GB counteracted Cd-induced alterations of certain antioxidant enzymes and nutrients uptake, e.g., the depressed Cd-induced increase of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities, but significantly elevated the depressed catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities. The results indicate that alleviated Cd toxicity by GB application is related to the reduced Cd uptake and MDA accumulation, balanced nutrients and antioxidant enzyme activities, improved PSII, and integrated ultrastructure in tobacco plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan He
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
| | - Marvin E A Richmond
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Darron V Williams
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Weite Zheng
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Feibo Wu
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Azizollahi Z, Ghaderian SM, Ghotbi-Ravandi AA. Cadmium accumulation and its effects on physiological and biochemical characters of summer savory ( Satureja hortensis L.). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2019; 21:1241-1253. [PMID: 31140292 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2019.1619163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of cadmium (Cd) toxicity on accumulation, growth, physiological responses, and biochemical characters in summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.). Plants were subjected to different levels of Cd concentrations including 0 (control), 2.5, 5, and 15 mg L-1 in the growing medium. Cd exposure led to a significant increase in root and shoot Cd content. Calculation of bioaccumulation factor, translocation factor, and transfer coefficient revealed that Cd mostly accumulated in roots of S. hortensis and root to shoot transport was effectively restricted. Cd toxicity negatively affected plant growth and significantly reduced chlorophyll content. Contrarily, proline, soluble and reducing carbohydrates, anthocyanin content, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes significantly increased as a result of Cd exposure. Cd application led to a significant increase in essential oil content of S. hortensis. GC-MS analysis revealed that percentage main constitute of S. hortensi, carvacrol, which determines the quality of oil increased under the highest Cd treatment. Based on our findings, S. hortensis can be considered an invaluable alternative crop for mildly Cd-contaminated soils. Besides, due to the high potential of Cd accumulation in the root, S. hortensis may offer a feasible tool for phytostabilization purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Azizollahi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan , Isfahan , Iran
| | | | - Ali Akbar Ghotbi-Ravandi
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University , Tehran , Iran
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Zhu G, Xiao H, Guo Q, Zhang Z, Zhao J, Yang D. Effects of cadmium stress on growth and amino acid metabolism in two Compositae plants. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 158:300-308. [PMID: 29727812 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium, a high toxic heavy metal, is one of the most serious contaminants in soil and a potential threat to plant growth and human health. Amino acid metabolism has the central role in heavy metal stress resistance of plants. In this paper, a pot experiment was carried out to study the effects of different concentrations of cadmium (0, 3, 6, 12, 30 mg kg-1) on the growth, Cd accumulation and amino acid metabolism in two Compositae plants (Ageratum conyzoides L. and Crassocephalum crepidioides). The results showed that under cadmium stress, C. crepidioides accumulated more Cd in its shoot and was tolerant to Cd, whereas its low Cd-accumulating relative, A. conyzoides, suffered reduced growth. The Cd content in the aerial part of C. crepidioides exceeded the threshold of Cd-hyperaccumulator. Furthermore, the bioaccumulation factor (BCF) and biological transfer factor (BTF) values for Cd in C. crepidioides were > 1. Thus, C. crepidioides can be regarded as Cd-hyperaccumulator. The comparison between both studied plants indicated that Cd stress resulted in a differential but coordinated response of amino acid levels, which are playing a significant role in plant adaptation to Cd stress. Glu, Gln, Asp, Asn, Gaba, Val and Ala dominated the major amino acids. Higher Cd tolerance and Cd accumulation in C. crepidioides was associated with greater accumulation of free amino acids, especially for Gln and Asn, in C. crepidioides than in A. conyzoides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China; College of Biology and Environment Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China.
| | - Huayun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China; Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resource and Environment, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China.
| | - Qingjun Guo
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhongyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China; Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resource and Environment, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Dan Yang
- College of Biology and Environment Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China
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Hisyam B, Amirul Ala M, Naimah N, Sarwar Jah M. Roles of Glycinebetaine on Antioxidants and Gene Function in Rice Plants Under Water Stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.3923/ajps.2017.132.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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13
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Hu Y, You J, Liang X. Nitrate reductase-mediated nitric oxide production is involved in copper tolerance in shoots of hulless barley. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2015; 34:367-79. [PMID: 25447636 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-014-1715-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
An NR-mediated early NO production in the shoots of hulless barley plays an important role in protecting hulless barley from Cu toxicity through enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities and antioxidant pools. Nitric oxide (NO) has been identified as an important signaling molecule that is involved in multiple plant physiological responses, especially under some abiotic stress. Here, we investigated NO production and its effects on copper (Cu) excess in hulless barley shoots. An early NO burst at 24 h was observed in shoots of hulless barley, and the synthesis of early NO was mediated through nitrate reductase (NR), but not through nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Application of the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) efficiently alleviated Cu-induced shoot inhibition and decrease in chlorophyll content, as well as oxidative damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, while inhibiting NO accumulation by a specific NO scavenger or a NR inhibitor aggravated shoot inhibition as well as the increase of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, supporting the role of an NR-mediated early NO production in hulless barley responses to Cu toxicity. Furthermore, elevated antioxidant enzyme activities were induced by Cu stress in the shoots of hulless barley and further significantly enhanced by NO donor, whereas suppressed by NO scavenger or NR inhibitor. On the other hand, the application of NO scavenger significantly reduced Cu-induced accumulation of glutathione (GSH) and ascorbate (Asc) in the shoots of hulless barley. Taken together, our results indicate that NO may induce hulless barley seedling tolerance to Cu toxicity through modulating antioxidant enzyme activity and antioxidants accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150000, China,
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14
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Anjum NA, Gill SS, Gill R, Hasanuzzaman M, Duarte AC, Pereira E, Ahmad I, Tuteja R, Tuteja N. Metal/metalloid stress tolerance in plants: role of ascorbate, its redox couple, and associated enzymes. PROTOPLASMA 2014; 251:1265-83. [PMID: 24682425 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-014-0636-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under metal/metalloid stress is most common in plants, and the elevated ROS must be successfully metabolized in order to maintain plant growth, development, and productivity. Ascorbate (AsA) is a highly abundant metabolite and a water-soluble antioxidant, which besides positively influencing various aspects in plants acts also as an enigmatic component of plant defense armory. As a significant component of the ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) pathway, it performs multiple vital functions in plants including growth and development by either directly or indirectly metabolizing ROS and its products. Enzymes such as monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR, EC 1.6.5.4) and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR, EC 1.8.5.1) maintain the reduced form of AsA pool besides metabolically controlling the ratio of AsA with its oxidized form (dehydroascorbate, DHA). Ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11) utilizes the reduced AsA pool as the specific electron donor during ROS metabolism. Thus, AsA, its redox couple (AsA/DHA), and related enzymes (MDHAR, DHAR, and APX) cumulatively form an AsA redox system to efficiently protect plants particularly against potential anomalies caused by ROS and its products. Here we present a critical assessment of the recent research reports available on metal/metalloid-accrued modulation of reduced AsA pool, AsA/DHA redox couple and AsA-related major enzymes, and the cumulative significance of these antioxidant system components in plant metal/metalloid stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser A Anjum
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM) and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal,
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15
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Qadir S, Jamshieed S, Rasool S, Ashraf M, Akram NA, Ahmad P. Modulation of plant growth and metabolism in cadmium-enriched environments. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2014; 229:51-88. [PMID: 24515810 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-03777-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a water soluble metal pollutant that is not essential to plant growth.It has attracted attention from soil scientists and plant nutritionists in recent years because of its toxicity and mobility in the soil-plant continuum. Even low levels of Cd (0.1-1 J.!M) cause adverse effects on plant growth and metabolism. Cadmium is known to trigger the synthesis of reactive oxygen species, hinder utilization, uptake and transport of essential nutrients and water, and modify photosynthetic machinery,thereby resulting in plant tissue death. Although the effects of Cd are dose- as well as plant species-dependent, some plants show Cd tolerance through a wide range of cellular responses. Such tolerance results from synthesis of osmolytes,generation of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and metal-detoxifying peptides, changes in gene expression, and metal ion homeostasis and compartmentalization of ligand-metal complexes. Cd toxicity in plants produces effects on chlorophyllbio synthesis, reduces photosynthesis, and upsets plant water relations and hormonal and/or nutritional balances. All of these effects on plants and on plant metabolism ultimately reduce growth and productivity.In this review, we describe the extent to which Cd affects underlying metabolic processes in plants and how such altered processes affect plant growth. We review the sources of Cd contamination, its uptake, transportation and bioavailability and accumulation in plants, and its antagonistic and synergistic effects with other metals and compounds. We further address the effects of Cd on plant genetics and metabolism,and how plants respond to mitigate the adverse effects of Cd exposure, as well as strategies(e.g., plant breeding) that can reduce the impact of Cd contamination on plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaista Qadir
- Department of Botany, Womens Degree College, Moulana Azad Road, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190001, India
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The imino acid proline is utilized by different organisms to offset cellular imbalances caused by environmental stress. The wide use in nature of proline as a stress adaptor molecule indicates that proline has a fundamental biological role in stress response. Understanding the mechanisms by which proline enhances abiotic/biotic stress response will facilitate agricultural crop research and improve human health. RECENT ADVANCES It is now recognized that proline metabolism propels cellular signaling processes that promote cellular apoptosis or survival. Studies have shown that proline metabolism influences signaling pathways by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in the mitochondria via the electron transport chain. Enhanced ROS production due to proline metabolism has been implicated in the hypersensitive response in plants, lifespan extension in worms, and apoptosis, tumor suppression, and cell survival in animals. CRITICAL ISSUES The ability of proline to influence disparate cellular outcomes may be governed by ROS levels generated in the mitochondria. Defining the threshold at which proline metabolic enzyme expression switches from inducing survival pathways to cellular apoptosis would provide molecular insights into cellular redox regulation by proline. Are ROS the only mediators of proline metabolic signaling or are other factors involved? FUTURE DIRECTIONS New evidence suggests that proline biosynthesis enzymes interact with redox proteins such as thioredoxin. An important future pursuit will be to identify other interacting partners of proline metabolic enzymes to uncover novel regulatory and signaling networks of cellular stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwen Liang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
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Hasanuzzaman M, Fujita M. Exogenous sodium nitroprusside alleviates arsenic-induced oxidative stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings by enhancing antioxidant defense and glyoxalase system. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2013; 22:584-96. [PMID: 23430410 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-013-1050-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates the possible regulatory role of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) in mitigating oxidative stress in wheat seedlings exposed to arsenic (As). Seedlings were treated with NO donor (0.25 mM sodium nitroprusside, SNP) and As (0.25 and 0.5 mM Na2HAsO4·7H2O) separately and/or in combination and grown for 72 h. Relative water content (RWC) and chlorophyll (chl) content were decreased by As treatment but proline (Pro) content was increased. The ascorbate (AsA) content was decreased significantly with increased As concentration. The imposition of As caused marked increase in the MDA and H2O2 content. The amount of reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) significantly increased with an increase in the level of As (both 0.25 and 0.5 mM), while the GSH/GSSG ratio decreased at higher concentration (0.5 mM). The ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase activities consistently increased with an increase in the As concentration, while glutathione reductase (GR) activities increased only at 0.25 mM. The monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) and catalase (CAT) activities were not changed upon exposure to As. The activities of dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and glyoxalase I (Gly I) decreased at any levels of As, while glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glyoxalase II (Gly II) activities decreased only upon 0.5 mM As. Exogenous NO alone had little influence on the non-enzymatic and enzymatic components compared to the control seedlings. These inhibitory effects of As were markedly recovered by supplementation with SNP; that is, the treatment with SNP increased the RWC, chl and Pro contents; AsA and GSH contents and the GSH/GSSG ratio as well as the activities of MDHAR, DHAR, GR, GPX, CAT, Gly I and Gly II in the seedlings subjected to As stress. These results suggest that the exogenous application of NO rendered the plants more tolerant to As-induced oxidative damage by enhancing their antioxidant defense and glyoxalase system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan.
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Hasanuzzaman M, Hossain MA, Fujita M. Exogenous selenium pretreatment protects rapeseed seedlings from cadmium-induced oxidative stress by upregulating antioxidant defense and methylglyoxal detoxification systems. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 149:248-61. [PMID: 22535598 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-012-9419-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The protective effect of selenium (Se) on antioxidant defense and methylglyoxal (MG) detoxification systems was investigated in leaves of rapeseed (Brassica napus cv. BINA sharisha 3) seedlings under cadmium (Cd)-induced oxidative stress. Two sets of 11-day-old seedlings were pretreated with both 50 and 100 μM Se (Na(2)SeO(4), sodium selenate) for 24 h. Two concentrations of CdCl(2) (0.5 and 1.0 mM) were imposed separately or on the Se-pretreated seedlings, which were grown for another 48 h. Cadmium stress at any levels resulted in the substantial increase in malondialdehyde and H(2)O(2) levels. The ascorbate (AsA) content of the seedlings decreased significantly upon exposure to Cd stress. The amount of reduced glutathione (GSH) increased only at 0.5 mM CdCl(2), while glutathione disulfide (GSSG) increased at any level of Cd, with concomitant decrease in GSH/GSSG ratio. The activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) increased significantly with increased concentration of Cd (both at 0.5 and 1.0 mM CdCl(2)), while the activities of glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) increased only at moderate stress (0.5 mM CdCl(2)) and then decreased at 1.0 mM severe stress (1.0 mM CdCl(2)). Monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), catalase (CAT), glyoxalase I (Gly I), and glyoxalase II (Gly II) activities decreased upon exposure to any levels of Cd. Selenium pretreatment had little effect on the nonenzymatic and enzymatic components of seedlings grown under normal conditions; i.e., they slightly increased the GSH content and the activities of APX, GR, GST, and GPX. On the other hand, Se pretreatment of seedlings under Cd-induced stress showed a synergistic effect; it increased the AsA and GSH contents, the GSH/GSSG ratio, and the activities of APX, MDHAR, DHAR, GR, GPX, CAT, Gly I, and Gly II which ultimately reduced the MDA and H(2)O(2) levels. However, in most cases, pretreatment with 50 μM Se showed better results compared to pretreatment with 100 μM Se. The results indicate that the exogenous application of Se at low concentrations increases the tolerance of plants to Cd-induced oxidative damage by enhancing their antioxidant defense and MG detoxification systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan.
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Effects of exogenous proline and glycinebetaine on the salt tolerance of rice cultivars. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2012; 76:1568-70. [PMID: 22878180 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.120233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Salinity significantly increased trisodium-8-hydroxy-1,3,6-pyrenetrisulphonic acid (PTS) uptake and decreased the K(+)/Na(+) ratio in salt-sensitive rice (Nipponbare) but did not markedly in salt-tolerant rice (Pokkali). Proline and glycinebetaine (betaine) suppressed the increase in PTS uptake and the decrease in the K(+)/Na(+) ratio in Nipponbare, but did not affect PTS uptake or the K(+)/Na(+) ratio in Pokkali.
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Hoque MA, Uraji M, Torii A, Banu MNA, Mori IC, Nakamura Y, Murata Y. Methylglyoxal inhibition of cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase from Nicotiana tabacum. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2012; 26:315-21. [PMID: 22696433 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG) is one of the aldehydes accumulated in plants under environmental stress. Cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase (cAPX) plays a key role in the protection of cells from oxidative damage by scavenging reactive oxygen species in higher plants. A cDNA encoding cAPX, named NtcAPX, was isolated from Nicotiana tabacum. We characterized recombinant NtcAPX (rNtcAPX) as a fusion protein with glutathione S-transferase to investigate the effects of MG on APX. NtcAPX consists of 250 amino acids and has a deduced molecular mass of 27.5 kDa. The rNtcAPX showed a higher APX activity. MG treatments resulted in a reduction of APX activity and modifications of amino groups in rNtcAPX with increasing K(m) for ascorbate. On the contrary, neither NaCl nor cadmium reduced the activity of APX. The present study suggests that inhibition of APX is in part due to the modification of amino acids by MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Anamul Hoque
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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Wanga Z, Dou X, Gu D, Shen C, Yao T, Nguyen V, Braunschweig C, Song Z. 4-Hydroxynonenal differentially regulates adiponectin gene expression and secretion via activating PPARγ and accelerating ubiquitin-proteasome degradation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 349:222-31. [PMID: 22085560 PMCID: PMC3594100 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Revised: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Although well-established, the underlying mechanisms involved in obesity-related plasma adiponectin decline remain elusive. Oxidative stress is associated with obesity and insulin resistance and considered to contribute to the progression toward obesity-related metabolic disorders. In this study, we investigated the effects of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), the most abundant lipid peroxidation end product, on adiponectin production and its potential implication in obesity-related adiponectin decrease. Long-term high-fat diet feeding led to obesity in mouse, accompanied by decreased plasma adiponectin and increased adipose tissue 4-HNE content. Exposure of adipocytes to exogenous 4-HNE resulted in decreased adiponectin secretion in a dose-dependent manner, which was consistent with significantly decreased intracellular adiponectin protein abundance. In contrast, adiponectin gene expression was significantly elevated by 4-HNE treatment, which was concomitant with increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) gene expression and transactivity. The effect was abolished by T0070907, a PPAR-γ antagonist, suggesting that PPAR-γ activation plays a critical role in this process. To gain insight into mechanisms involved in adiponectin protein decrease, we examined the effects of 4-HNE on adiponectin protein degradation. Cycloheximide (CHX)-chase assay revealed that 4-HNE exposure accelerated adiponectin protein degradation, which was prevented by MG132, a potent proteasome inhibitor. Immunoprecipitation assay showed that 4-HNE exposure increased ubiquitinated adiponectin protein levels. These data altogether indicated that 4-HNE enhanced adiponectin protein degradation via ubiquitin-proteasome system. Finally, we demonstrated that supplementation of HF diet with betaine, an antioxidant and methyl donor, alleviated high-fat-induced adipose tissue 4-HNE increase and attenuated plasma adiponectin decline. Taken together, our findings suggest that the lipid peroxidation product 4-HNE can differentially regulates adiponectin gene expression and protein abundance and may play a mechanistic role in obesity-related plasma adiponectin decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Wanga
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China
| | - Xiaobing Dou
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, PR China
| | - Dongfang Gu
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, PR China
| | - Chen Shen
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Tong Yao
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Van Nguyen
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Carol Braunschweig
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Zhenyuan Song
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Pathology, Medical Center, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Corresponding author. Address: Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1919 W Taylor Street, RM506G, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. Tel.: +1 312 996 7892; fax: +1 312 413 0319. (Z. Song)
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Pérez-Arellano I, Carmona-Alvarez F, Martínez AI, Rodríguez-Díaz J, Cervera J. Pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase and proline biosynthesis: from osmotolerance to rare metabolic disease. Protein Sci 2010; 19:372-82. [PMID: 20091669 DOI: 10.1002/pro.340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS) is a bifunctional enzyme that exhibits glutamate kinase (GK) and gamma-glutamyl phosphate reductase (GPR) activities. The enzyme is highly relevant in humans because it belongs to a combined route for the interconversion of glutamate, ornithine and proline. The deficiency of P5CS activity in humans is associated with a rare, inherited metabolic disease. It is well established that some bacteria and plants accumulate proline in response to osmotic stress. The alignment of P5CSs from different species and analysis of the solved structures of GK and GPR reveal high sequence and structural conservation. The information acquired from different mutant enzymes with increased osmotolerant properties, together with the position of the insertion found in the longer human isoform, permit the delimitation of the regulatory site of GK and P5CS and the proposal of a model of P5CS architecture. Additionally, the GK moiety of the human enzyme has been modeled and the known clinical mutations and polymorphisms have been mapped.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Pérez-Arellano
- Molecular Recognition Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
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