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Wertheim D, Coldwell B, Miyashita L, Gill I, Crust S, Giddens R, Pérez NM, Petford N, Grigg J. Confocal microscopy 3D imaging and bioreactivity of La Palma volcanic ash particles. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 899:165647. [PMID: 37474071 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
In September 2021 an eruption began of Cumbre Vieja, La Palma (Spain) that lasted 3 months. Previous studies have shown that volcanic ash particles can be associated with adverse effects on human health however, the reasons for this are unclear. Particle shape has been shown to contribute to cellular uptake in prostate cancer cells. Hence we aimed to study 3D structure, elemental composition and effects on cultured lung cells of particles collected from the La Palma volcanic eruption. 3D imaging of PM10 sized and below particles was performed using a LEXT OLS4100 confocal microscope (Olympus Corporation, Japan). A Zeiss EVO 50 (Carl Zeiss AG, Germany) Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used to assess elemental composition. In addition, volcanic particle concentration dose response for pneumococcal adhesion to A549 human alveolar epithelial cells was investigated. Confocal microscopy showed that some PM10 and below sized particles had sharp or angular 3D appearance. SEM x-ray analysis indicated silicate particles with calcium, aluminium and iron. We observed increased colony forming units indicating increased Pneumococcal adhesion due to exposure of cells to volcanic particles. Thus in addition to the toxic nature of some volcanic particles, we suggest that the observed sharp surface particle features may help to explain adverse health effects associated with volcanic eruptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Wertheim
- Faculty of Engineering, Computing and the Environment, Kingston University, Surrey KT1 2EE, UK.
| | - Beverley Coldwell
- Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables, Granadilla de Abona 38600, Canary Islands, Spain; Instituto Volcanológico de Canarias (INVOLCAN), Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Lisa Miyashita
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London E1 2AT, London, UK
| | - Ian Gill
- Faculty of Engineering, Computing and the Environment, Kingston University, Surrey KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Simon Crust
- Faculty of Engineering, Computing and the Environment, Kingston University, Surrey KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Richard Giddens
- Faculty of Engineering, Computing and the Environment, Kingston University, Surrey KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Nemesio M Pérez
- Instituto Volcanológico de Canarias (INVOLCAN), Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Nick Petford
- Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Jonathan Grigg
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London E1 2AT, London, UK
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Eychenne J, Gurioli L, Damby D, Belville C, Schiavi F, Marceau G, Szczepaniak C, Blavignac C, Laumonier M, Gardés E, Le Pennec J, Nedelec J, Blanchon L, Sapin V. Spatial Distribution and Physicochemical Properties of Respirable Volcanic Ash From the 16-17 August 2006 Tungurahua Eruption (Ecuador), and Alveolar Epithelium Response In-Vitro. GEOHEALTH 2022; 6:e2022GH000680. [PMID: 36545343 PMCID: PMC9758688 DOI: 10.1029/2022gh000680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tungurahua volcano (Ecuador) intermittently emitted ash between 1999 and 2016, enduringly affecting the surrounding rural area and its population, but its health impact remains poorly documented. We aim to assess the respiratory health hazard posed by the 16-17 August 2006 most intense eruptive phase of Tungurahua. We mapped the spatial distribution of the health-relevant ash size fractions produced by the eruption in the area impacted by ash fallout. We quantified the mineralogy, composition, surface texture, and morphology of a respirable ash sample isolated by aerodynamic separation. We then assessed the cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory potential of this respirable ash toward lung tissues in-vitro using A549 alveolar epithelial cells, by electron microscopy and biochemical assays. The eruption produced a high amount of inhalable and respirable ash (12.0-0.04 kg/m2 of sub-10 μm and 5.3-0.02 kg/m2 of sub-4 μm ash deposited). Their abundance and proportion vary greatly across the deposit within the first 20 km from the volcano. The respirable ash is characteristic of an andesitic magma and no crystalline silica is detected. Morphological features and surface textures are complex and highly variable, with few fibers observed. In-vitro experiments show that respirable volcanic ash is internalized by A549 cells and processed in the endosomal pathway, causing little cell damage, but resulting in changes in cell morphology and membrane texture. The ash triggers a weak pro-inflammatory response. These data provide the first understanding of the respirable ash hazard near Tungurahua and the extent to which it varies spatially in a fallout deposit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Eychenne
- Université Clermont AuvergneCNRSIRDOPGCLaboratoire Magmas et VolcansClermont‐FerrandFrance
- Université Clermont AuvergneCNRSINSERMInstitut de Génétique Reproduction et DéveloppementClermont‐FerrandFrance
| | - Lucia Gurioli
- Université Clermont AuvergneCNRSIRDOPGCLaboratoire Magmas et VolcansClermont‐FerrandFrance
| | - David Damby
- U.S. Geological SurveyCalifornia Volcano ObservatoryMoffett FieldCAUSA
| | - Corinne Belville
- Université Clermont AuvergneCNRSINSERMInstitut de Génétique Reproduction et DéveloppementClermont‐FerrandFrance
| | - Federica Schiavi
- Université Clermont AuvergneCNRSIRDOPGCLaboratoire Magmas et VolcansClermont‐FerrandFrance
| | - Geoffroy Marceau
- Université Clermont AuvergneCNRSINSERMInstitut de Génétique Reproduction et DéveloppementClermont‐FerrandFrance
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetic DepartmentUniversity HospitalClermont‐FerrandFrance
| | - Claire Szczepaniak
- Université Clermont AuvergneUCA PARTNERCentre Imagerie Cellulaire SantéClermont‐FerrandFrance
| | - Christelle Blavignac
- Université Clermont AuvergneUCA PARTNERCentre Imagerie Cellulaire SantéClermont‐FerrandFrance
| | - Mickael Laumonier
- Université Clermont AuvergneCNRSIRDOPGCLaboratoire Magmas et VolcansClermont‐FerrandFrance
| | - Emmanuel Gardés
- Université Clermont AuvergneCNRSIRDOPGCLaboratoire Magmas et VolcansClermont‐FerrandFrance
| | - Jean‐Luc Le Pennec
- Geo‐OceanCNRSIfremerUMR6538PlouzanéFrance
- IRD Office for Indonesia & Timor LesteJalan Kemang RayaJakartaIndonesia
| | - Jean‐Marie Nedelec
- Université Clermont AuvergneClermont Auvergne INPCNRSICCFClermont‐FerrandFrance
| | - Loïc Blanchon
- Université Clermont AuvergneCNRSINSERMInstitut de Génétique Reproduction et DéveloppementClermont‐FerrandFrance
| | - Vincent Sapin
- Université Clermont AuvergneCNRSINSERMInstitut de Génétique Reproduction et DéveloppementClermont‐FerrandFrance
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetic DepartmentUniversity HospitalClermont‐FerrandFrance
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3
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Stapleton EM, Welch JL, Ubeda EA, Xiang J, Zabner J, Thornell IM, Nonnenmann MW, Stapleton JT, Comellas AP. Urban particulate matter impairs airway-surface-liquid-mediated coronavirus inactivation. J Infect Dis 2021; 225:214-218. [PMID: 34734257 PMCID: PMC8689861 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution particulate matter (PM) is associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and severity, although mechanistic studies are lacking. We tested whether airway surface liquid (ASL) from primary human airway epithelial cells is antiviral against SARS-CoV-2 and human alphacoronavirus 229E (CoV-229E) (responsible for common colds), and whether PM (urban, indoor air pollution [IAP], volcanic ash) affected ASL antiviral activity. ASL inactivated SARS-CoV-2 and CoV-229E. Independently, urban PM also decreased SARS-CoV-2 and CoV-229E infection, and IAP PM decreased CoV-229E infection. However, in combination, urban PM impaired ASL’s antiviral activity against both viruses, and the same effect occurred for IAP PM and ash against SARS-CoV-2, suggesting that PM may enhance SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Stapleton
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Occupational Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Correspondence: Emma M. Stapleton, 6310F Pappajohn Biomedical Discovery Bldg, 169 Newton Rd, Iowa City, IA 52242 ()
| | - Jennifer L Welch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Present affiliation: Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, US Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa
| | - Erika A Ubeda
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Jinhua Xiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Joseph Zabner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Occupational Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Ian M Thornell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Occupational Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Matthew W Nonnenmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Jack T Stapleton
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Alejandro P Comellas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Occupational Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Barone G, De Giudici G, Gimeno D, Lanzafame G, Podda F, Cannas C, Giuffrida A, Barchitta M, Agodi A, Mazzoleni P. Surface reactivity of Etna volcanic ash and evaluation of health risks. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 761:143248. [PMID: 33183826 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This work is a part of a research project conducted in order to characterize the volcanic ash from Mount Etna, focusing in particular on the surface reactivity of ashes and possible consequence for human health. In this framework, a sampling campaign began on 16 March 2013, taking advantage of the intense volcanic activity on Etna. The interaction between volcanic ash and human organism was simulated treating two classes of representative Etnean particles with ultrapure water (grainsize of 850 um) and Gamble's solution mimic lug fluids (grainsize <38 μm) with the aim to evaluate the risk due to gastric and respiratory exposure to volcanic particles. The leachates were analysed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES), Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and Ionic Chromatography (CI) in order to highlight possible dangerous elements released in water solutions according to USGS protocol. Analyses of Gamble's solution highlighted a release of elements smaller than in watery solutions and always below the thresholds established by the Italian law. On the contrary, analyses of watery solutions evidenced, for some elements (B, Cd, Ni and As), levels higher than permitted by Italian law. Considering the effects of these elements on human health, further investigations are necessary and currently carried out in order to better constrain the release process and the specific effects on human organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germana Barone
- University of Catania, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Corso Italia 57, 95129 Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni De Giudici
- University of Cagliari, Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, Universitary Campus, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Domingo Gimeno
- Universitat de Barcelona, Departament de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, C/ Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gabriele Lanzafame
- University of Catania, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Corso Italia 57, 95129 Catania, Italy
| | - Francesca Podda
- University of Cagliari, Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, Universitary Campus, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Carla Cannas
- University of Cagliari, Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, Universitary Campus, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | | | - Martina Barchitta
- University of Catania, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "GF Ingrassia", Via S. Sofia, 87, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Antonella Agodi
- University of Catania, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "GF Ingrassia", Via S. Sofia, 87, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Paolo Mazzoleni
- University of Catania, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Corso Italia 57, 95129 Catania, Italy.
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5
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Burhan E, Mukminin U. A systematic review of respiratory infection due to air pollution during natural disasters. MEDICAL JOURNAL OF INDONESIA 2020. [DOI: 10.13181/mji.oa.204390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wildfire and volcano eruption occurred in Indonesia due to its geographical location, climate change, global warming, and human behavior. Various substances produced an increased risk of experiencing health problems, including respiratory infection. Evidence about the effect of pulmonary infection during natural disasters is still limited. This study was aimed to review and elaborate on previous studies to determine the effect of air pollution exposure during natural disasters and respiratory infection.
METHODS Literature searches were conducted on PubMed, EBSCOhost, and Google Scholar, and was limited to the 10 last years, human studies, and the English language. Inclusion criteria were articles with representation for clinical questions, review articles, population studies, and the full-text article was available. Exclusion criteria were articles that only discussed the exposure to and not the association with the effect of the respiratory infection. The Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine tools appraised six relevant articles.
RESULTS Air pollution during a natural disaster enhances particulate matter to 10–70 μg/m3 and more than 5 times the aerosol optical depth measurement compared with the tolerated air concentration. The air level was consistently related to acute respiratory infection, pneumonia, bronchitis, and bronchiolitis admissions in wildfire smoke and volcanic eruption in this review. Nevertheless, there was a diverse result for upper respiratory infection cases.
CONCLUSIONS Natural disasters increased the level of ambient air pollution that exceeded the levels recommended by the World Health Organization air quality guideline. Air pollution may play an important role in respiratory tract infection, especially among population with high exposure.
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6
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Tomašek I, Damby DE, Horwell CJ, Ayris PM, Delmelle P, Ottley CJ, Cubillas P, Casas AS, Bisig C, Petri-Fink A, Dingwell DB, Clift MJD, Drasler B, Rothen-Rutishauser B. Assessment of the potential for in-plume sulphur dioxide gas-ash interactions to influence the respiratory toxicity of volcanic ash. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 179:108798. [PMID: 31629947 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Volcanic plumes are complex environments composed of gases and ash particles, where chemical and physical processes occur at different temperature and compositional regimes. Commonly, soluble sulphate- and chloride-bearing salts are formed on ash as gases interact with ash surfaces. Exposure to respirable volcanic ash following an eruption is potentially a significant health concern. The impact of such gas-ash interactions on ash toxicity is wholly un-investigated. Here, we study, for the first time, whether the interaction of volcanic particles with sulphur dioxide (SO2) gas, and the resulting presence of sulphate salt deposits on particle surfaces, influences toxicity to the respiratory system, using an advanced in vitro approach. METHODS To emplace surface sulphate salts on particles, via replication of the physicochemical reactions that occur between pristine ash surfaces and volcanic gas, analogue substrates (powdered synthetic volcanic glass and natural pumice) were exposed to SO2 at 500 °C, in a novel Advanced Gas-Ash Reactor, resulting in salt-laden particles. The solubility of surface salt deposits was then assessed by leaching in water and geochemical modelling. A human multicellular lung model was exposed to aerosolised salt-laden and pristine (salt-free) particles, and incubated for 24 h. Cell cultures were subsequently assessed for biological endpoints, including cytotoxicity (lactate dehydrogenase release), oxidative stress (oxidative stress-related gene expression; heme oxygenase 1 and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1) and its (pro-)inflammatory response (tumour necrosis factor α, interleukin 8 and interleukin 1β at gene and protein levels). RESULTS In the lung cell model no significant effects were observed between the pristine and SO2-exposed particles, indicating that the surface salt deposits, and the underlying alterations to the substrate, do not cause acute adverse effects in vitro. Based on the leachate data, the majority of the sulphate salts from the ash surfaces are likely to dissolve in the lungs prior to cellular uptake. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study indicate that interaction of volcanic ash with SO2 during ash generation and transport does not significantly affect the respiratory toxicity of volcanic ash in vitro. Therefore, sulphate salts are unlikely a dominant factor controlling variability in in vitro toxicity assessments observed during previous eruption response efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Tomašek
- Institute of Hazard, Risk and Resilience, Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Science Labs, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom; BioNanomaterials, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - David E Damby
- Volcano Science Center, United States Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California, 94025, United States
| | - Claire J Horwell
- Institute of Hazard, Risk and Resilience, Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Science Labs, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Paul M Ayris
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Section for Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Theresienstrasse 41, D-80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Pierre Delmelle
- Earth & Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix Du Sud 2, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Christopher J Ottley
- Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Science Labs, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Pablo Cubillas
- Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Science Labs, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Ana S Casas
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Section for Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Theresienstrasse 41, D-80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Bisig
- BioNanomaterials, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Alke Petri-Fink
- BioNanomaterials, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland; Chemistry Department, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Musee, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Donald B Dingwell
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Section for Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Theresienstrasse 41, D-80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin J D Clift
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park Campus, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Drasler
- BioNanomaterials, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser
- BioNanomaterials, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
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7
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Trovato MC, Andronico D, Sciacchitano S, Ruggeri RM, Picerno I, Di Pietro A, Visalli G. Nanostructures: between natural environment and medical practice. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2018; 33:295-307. [PMID: 30205650 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2017-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are small structures under 100 nm in dimension. Interrelationships among the morphological parameters and toxicity of NPs have been the focus of several investigations that assessed potential health risk in environmentally-exposed subjects and the realistic uses of NPs in medical practice. In the current review, we provide a summary of the cellular mechanisms of membrane-mediated transport, including old and novel molecules that transport nanostructures across cellular membranes. The effects of geochemical exposure to natural NPs are evaluated through epidemiological data and cancerous pathways activated by Fe2+ NPs. Specifically, we discuss screening for papillary thyroid carcinomas in the inhabitants of the Sicilian volcanic area surrounding Mount Etna to compare the incidence of thyroid carcinoma in this population. Lastly, considering the increased production of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), we examine the toxicity and potential use of these engineered NPs in drug delivery of an extensive amount of therapeutic and imaging molecules (theranosis) that can be conjugated to CNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Concetta Trovato
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Policlinico Universitario, Consolare Valeria 1, Messina, Italy
| | - Daniele Andronico
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Osservatorio Etneo, Sezione di Catania, Piazza Roma 2, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Sciacchitano
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Policlinico Umberto I, Viale Regina Elena n. 324, Rome, Italy
- Laboratorio di Ricerca Biomedica, Fondazione Università Niccolò Cusano per la Ricerca Medico Scientifica, Via Don Carlo Gnocchi 3, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosaria Maddalena Ruggeri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Policlinico Universitario, Consolare Valeria 1, Messina, Italy
| | - Isa Picerno
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Policlinico Universitario, Consolare Valeria 1, Messina, Italy
| | - Angela Di Pietro
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Policlinico Universitario, Consolare Valeria 1, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Visalli
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Policlinico Universitario, Consolare Valeria 1, Messina, Italy
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8
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Abstract
At the northwestern edge of South America is located Ecuador. This place is a classical example of an active continental margin with widespread active volcanism. Detailed studies about the impact of volcanic ash on human health are still lacking. Therefore, the disease of exposed populations is unknown. The objective of the present investigation was to assess the biological impact of Pichincha volcanic ash on cell culture and inflammation in murine lung tissues that will contribute to the understanding of the hazards. In this study, the in vivo phase was performed in mice C57BL/6 exposed to several doses of volcanic ash (0.5, 1, and 3.75 mg/100 g mouse body weight). The body weight and survival were controlled during seven days of treatment. The expression of inflammation markers NRLP 3, caspase-1, pro-IL-1, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and h-HPRT was analyzed. The in vitro phase was performed in lung cancer cells A549, peritoneal macrophages, and McCoy cells exposing them to different concentrations of volcanic ash (80, 320, and 1280 μg/cm3) to determine the cytotoxicity and the production of reactive oxygen species. The ash initiated activation of the inflammasome complex NRLP 3 and the initiation of a proinflammatory activity in the murine lung tissue depending on the concentration of this agent. The viability of A549 and McCoy cell decreased with the length of exposure and increased with the concentration of volcanic ash. The activity in superoxide dismutase decreased by about 60%, leading to the formation of reactive oxygen species. These results associated with compounds contained in Pichincha volcanic ash are considered hazardous elements which induce inflammation leading to activate inflammasome NRLP, releasing reactive oxygen species, and producing changes in cell morphology and density, all of which are expression of cytotoxicity.
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9
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Damby DE, Horwell CJ, Baxter PJ, Kueppers U, Schnurr M, Dingwell DB, Duewell P. Volcanic Ash Activates the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Murine and Human Macrophages. Front Immunol 2018; 8:2000. [PMID: 29403480 PMCID: PMC5786523 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.02000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Volcanic ash is a heterogeneous mineral dust that is typically composed of a mixture of amorphous (glass) and crystalline (mineral) fragments. It commonly contains an abundance of the crystalline silica (SiO2) polymorph cristobalite. Inhalation of crystalline silica can induce inflammation by stimulating the NLRP3 inflammasome, a cytosolic receptor complex that plays a critical role in driving inflammatory immune responses. Ingested material results in the assembly of NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1 with subsequent secretion of the interleukin-1 family cytokine IL-1β. Previous toxicology work suggests that cristobalite-bearing volcanic ash is minimally reactive, calling into question the reactivity of volcanically derived crystalline silica, in general. In this study, we target the NLRP3 inflammasome as a crystalline silica responsive element to clarify volcanic cristobalite reactivity. We expose immortalized bone marrow-derived macrophages of genetically engineered mice and primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to ash from the Soufrière Hills volcano as well as representative, pure-phase samples of its primary componentry (volcanic glass, feldspar, cristobalite) and measure NLRP3 inflammasome activation. We demonstrate that respirable Soufrière Hills volcanic ash induces the activation of caspase-1 with subsequent release of mature IL-1β in a NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent manner. Macrophages deficient in NLRP3 inflammasome components are incapable of secreting IL-1β in response to volcanic ash ingestion. Cellular uptake induces lysosomal destabilization involving cysteine proteases. Furthermore, the response involves activation of mitochondrial stress pathways leading to the generation of reactive oxygen species. Considering ash componentry, cristobalite is the most reactive pure-phase with other components inducing only low-level IL-1β secretion. Inflammasome activation mediated by inhaled ash and its potential relevance in chronic pulmonary disease was further evidenced in PBMC using the NLRP3 small-molecule inhibitor CP-456,773 (CRID3, MCC950). Our data indicate the functional activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by volcanic ash in murine and human macrophages in vitro. Cristobalite is identified as the apparent driver, thereby contesting previous assertions that chemical and structural imperfections may be sufficient to abrogate the reactivity of volcanically derived cristobalite. This is a novel mechanism for the stimulation of a pro-inflammatory response by volcanic particulate and provides new insight regarding chronic exposure to environmentally occurring particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Damby
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Munich, Germany.,Volcano Science Center, United States Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA, Unites States
| | - Claire J Horwell
- Department of Earth Sciences, Institute of Hazard, Risk and Resilience, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Baxter
- Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrich Kueppers
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Munich, Germany
| | - Max Schnurr
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Donald B Dingwell
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Duewell
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Damby DE, Horwell CJ, Larsen G, Thordarson T, Tomatis M, Fubini B, Donaldson K. Assessment of the potential respiratory hazard of volcanic ash from future Icelandic eruptions: a study of archived basaltic to rhyolitic ash samples. Environ Health 2017; 16:98. [PMID: 28893249 PMCID: PMC5594494 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-017-0302-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull (2010) and Grímsvötn (2011), Iceland, triggered immediate, international consideration of the respiratory health hazard of inhaling volcanic ash, and prompted the need to estimate the potential hazard posed by future eruptions of Iceland's volcanoes to Icelandic and Northern European populations. METHODS A physicochemical characterization and toxicological assessment was conducted on a suite of archived ash samples spanning the spectrum of past eruptions (basaltic to rhyolitic magmatic composition) of Icelandic volcanoes following a protocol specifically designed by the International Volcanic Health Hazard Network. RESULTS Icelandic ash can be of a respirable size (up to 11.3 vol.% < 4 μm), but the samples did not display physicochemical characteristics of pathogenic particulate in terms of composition or morphology. Ash particles were generally angular, being composed of fragmented glass and crystals. Few fiber-like particles were observed, but those present comprised glass or sodium oxides, and are not related to pathogenic natural fibers, like asbestos or fibrous zeolites, thereby limiting concern of associated respiratory diseases. None of the samples contained cristobalite or tridymite, and only one sample contained quartz, minerals of interest due to the potential to cause silicosis. Sample surface areas are low, ranging from 0.4 to 1.6 m2 g-1, which aligns with analyses on ash from other eruptions worldwide. All samples generated a low level of hydroxyl radicals (HO•), a measure of surface reactivity, through the iron-catalyzed Fenton reaction compared to concurrently analyzed comparative samples. However, radical generation increased after 'refreshing' sample surfaces, indicating that newly erupted samples may display higher reactivity. A composition-dependent range of available surface iron was measured after a 7-day incubation, from 22.5 to 315.7 μmol m-2, with mafic samples releasing more iron than silicic samples. All samples were non-reactive in a test of red blood cell-membrane damage. CONCLUSIONS The primary particle-specific concern is the potential for future eruptions of Iceland's volcanoes to generate fine, respirable material and, thus, to increase ambient PM concentrations. This particularly applies to highly explosive silicic eruptions, but can also hold true for explosive basaltic eruptions or discrete events associated with basaltic fissure eruptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E. Damby
- US Geological Survey, Western Regional Offices, Menlo Park, CA USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Hazard, Risk and Resilience, Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Claire J. Horwell
- Institute of Hazard, Risk and Resilience, Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Gudrun Larsen
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Nordvulk, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | | | - Maura Tomatis
- Dipartimento di Chimica, “G. Scansetti” Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and other Toxic Particulates, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Bice Fubini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, “G. Scansetti” Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and other Toxic Particulates, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Ken Donaldson
- The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh/MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Edinburgh, UK
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Vargas Buonfiglio LG, Mudunkotuwa IA, Abou Alaiwa MH, Vanegas Calderón OG, Borcherding JA, Gerke AK, Zabner J, Grassian VH, Comellas AP. Effects of Coal Fly Ash Particulate Matter on the Antimicrobial Activity of Airway Surface Liquid. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2017; 125:077003. [PMID: 28696208 PMCID: PMC5744695 DOI: 10.1289/ehp876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sustained exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) is a global cause of mortality. Coal fly ash (CFA) is a byproduct of coal combustion and is a source of anthropogenic PM with worldwide health relevance. The airway epithelia are lined with fluid called airway surface liquid (ASL), which contains antimicrobial proteins and peptides (AMPs). Cationic AMPs bind negatively charged bacteria to exert their antimicrobial activity. PM arriving in the airways could potentially interact with AMPs in the ASL to affect their antimicrobial activity. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that PM can interact with ASL AMPs to impair their antimicrobial activity. METHODS We exposed pig and human airway explants, pig and human ASL, and the human cationic AMPs β-defensin-3, LL-37, and lysozyme to CFA or control. Thereafter, we assessed the antimicrobial activity of exposed airway samples using both bioluminescence and standard colony-forming unit assays. We investigated PM-AMP electrostatic interaction by attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and measuring the zeta potential. We also studied the adsorption of AMPs on PM. RESULTS We found increased bacterial survival in CFA-exposed airway explants, ASL, and AMPs. In addition, we report that PM with a negative surface charge can adsorb cationic AMPs and form negative particle-protein complexes. CONCLUSION We propose that when CFA arrives at the airway, it rapidly adsorbs AMPs and creates negative complexes, thereby decreasing the functional amount of AMPs capable of killing pathogens. These results provide a novel translational insight into an early mechanism for how ambient PM increases the susceptibility of the airways to bacterial infection. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP876.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Oriana G Vanegas Calderón
- Department of Pediatrics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | - Alicia K Gerke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine
| | - Joseph Zabner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine
| | - Vicki H Grassian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Department of Nanoengineering, and
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Alejandro P Comellas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine
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12
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Tomašek I, Horwell CJ, Damby DE, Barošová H, Geers C, Petri-Fink A, Rothen-Rutishauser B, Clift MJD. Combined exposure of diesel exhaust particles and respirable Soufrière Hills volcanic ash causes a (pro-)inflammatory response in an in vitro multicellular epithelial tissue barrier model. Part Fibre Toxicol 2016; 13:67. [PMID: 27955700 PMCID: PMC5153918 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-016-0178-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There are justifiable health concerns regarding the potential adverse effects associated with human exposure to volcanic ash (VA) particles, especially when considering communities living in urban areas already exposed to heightened air pollution. The aim of this study was, therefore, to gain an imperative, first understanding of the biological impacts of respirable VA when exposed concomitantly with diesel particles. Methods A sophisticated in vitro 3D triple cell co-culture model of the human alveolar epithelial tissue barrier was exposed to either a single or repeated dose of dry respirable VA (deposited dose of 0.26 ± 0.09 or 0.89 ± 0.29 μg/cm2, respectively) from Soufrière Hills volcano, Montserrat for a period of 24 h at the air-liquid interface (ALI). Subsequently, co-cultures were exposed to co-exposures of single or repeated VA and diesel exhaust particles (DEP; NIST SRM 2975; 0.02 mg/mL), a model urban pollutant, at the pseudo-ALI. The biological impact of each individual particle type was also analysed under these precise scenarios. The cytotoxic (LDH release), oxidative stress (depletion of intracellular GSH) and (pro-)inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-8 and IL-1β) responses were assessed after the particulate exposures. The impact of VA exposure upon cell morphology, as well as its interaction with the multicellular model, was visualised via confocal laser scanning microscopy (LSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Results The combination of respirable VA and DEP, in all scenarios, incited an heightened release of TNF-α and IL-8 as well as significant increases in IL-1β, when applied at sub-lethal doses to the co-culture compared to VA exposure alone. Notably, the augmented (pro-)inflammatory responses observed were not mediated by oxidative stress. LSM supported the quantitative assessment of cytotoxicity, with no changes in cell morphology within the barrier model evident. A direct interaction of the VA with all three cell types of the multicellular system was observed by SEM. Conclusions Combined exposure of respirable Soufrière Hills VA with DEP causes a (pro-)inflammatory effect in an advanced in vitro multicellular model of the epithelial airway barrier. This finding suggests that the combined exposure to volcanic and urban particulate matter should be further investigated in order to deduce the potential human health hazard, especially how it may influence the respiratory function of susceptible individuals (i.e. with pre-existing lung diseases) in the population. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12989-016-0178-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Tomašek
- Institute of Hazard, Risk and Resilience, Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Science Labs, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK. .,BioNanomaterials, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Claire J Horwell
- Institute of Hazard, Risk and Resilience, Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Science Labs, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - David E Damby
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Section for Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Theresienstrasse 41, 80333, Munich, Germany.,United States Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Hana Barošová
- BioNanomaterials, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Geers
- BioNanomaterials, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Alke Petri-Fink
- BioNanomaterials, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.,Chemistry Department, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Musee, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser
- BioNanomaterials, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Martin J D Clift
- BioNanomaterials, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland. .,In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Sciences, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park Campus, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK.
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13
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Tam E, Miike R, Labrenz S, Sutton AJ, Elias T, Davis J, Chen YL, Tantisira K, Dockery D, Avol E. Volcanic air pollution over the Island of Hawai'i: Emissions, dispersal, and composition. Association with respiratory symptoms and lung function in Hawai'i Island school children. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 92-93:543-52. [PMID: 27197039 PMCID: PMC4905765 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kilauea Volcano on the Island of Hawai'i has erupted continuously since 1983, releasing approximately 300-12000metrictons per day of sulfur dioxide (SO2). SO2 interacts with water vapor to produce an acidic haze known locally as "vog". The combination of wind speed and direction, inversion layer height, and local terrain lead to heterogeneous and variable distribution of vog over the island, allowing study of respiratory effects associated with chronic vog exposure. OBJECTIVES We characterized the distribution and composition of vog over the Island of Hawai'i, and tested the hypotheses that chronic vog exposure (SO2 and acid) is associated with increased asthma prevalence, respiratory symptoms, and reduced pulmonary function in Hawai'i Island schoolchildren. METHODS We compiled data of volcanic emissions, wind speed, and wind direction over Hawai'i Island since 1992. Community-based researchers then measured 2- to 4-week integrated concentrations of SO2 and fine particulate mass and acidity in 4 exposure zones, from 2002 to 2005, when volcanic SO2 emissions averaged 1600metrictons per day. Concurrently, community researchers recruited schoolchildren in the 4th and 5th grades of 25 schools in the 4 vog exposure zones, to assess determinants of lung health, respiratory symptoms, and asthma prevalence. RESULTS Environmental data suggested 4 different vog exposure zones with SO2, PM2.5, and particulate acid concentrations (mean±s.d.) as follows: 1) Low (0.3±0.2ppb, 2.5±1.2μg/m(3), 0.6±1.1nmolH+/m(3)), 2) Intermittent (1.6±1.8ppb, 2.8±1.5μg/m(3), 4.0±6.6nmolH+/m(3)), 3) Frequent (10.1±5.2ppb, 4.8±1.9μg/m(3), 4.3±6.7nmolH+/m(3)), and 4) Acid (1.2±0.4ppb, 7.2±2.3μg/m(3), 25.3±17.9nmolH+/m(3)). Participants (1957) in the 4 zones differed in race, prematurity, maternal smoking during pregnancy, environmental tobacco smoke exposure, presence of mold in the home, and physician-diagnosed asthma. Multivariable analysis showed an association between Acid vog exposure and cough and strongly suggested an association with FEV1/FVC <0.8, but not with diagnosis of asthma, or chronic persistent wheeze or bronchitis in the last 12months. CONCLUSIONS Hawai'i Island's volcanic air pollution can be very acidic, but contains few co-contaminants originating from anthropogenic sources of air pollution. Chronic exposure to acid vog is associated with increased cough and possibly with reduced FEV1/FVC, but not with asthma or bronchitis. Further study is needed to better understand how volcanic air pollution interacts with host and environmental factors to affect respiratory symptoms, lung function, and lung growth, and to determine acute effects of episodes of increased emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Tam
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI, USA.
| | - Rei Miike
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Susan Labrenz
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - A Jeff Sutton
- United States Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, Hawai'i National Park, HI, USA
| | - Tamar Elias
- United States Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, Hawai'i National Park, HI, USA
| | - James Davis
- Office of Biostatistics and Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Yi-Leng Chen
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, School of Ocean and Earth Science Technology, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Kelan Tantisira
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Douglas Dockery
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward Avol
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Damby DE, Murphy FA, Horwell CJ, Raftis J, Donaldson K. The in vitro respiratory toxicity of cristobalite-bearing volcanic ash. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 145:74-84. [PMID: 26630620 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ash from dome-forming volcanoes poses a unique hazard to millions of people worldwide due to an abundance of respirable cristobalite, a crystalline silica polymorph. Crystalline silica is an established respiratory hazard in other mixed dusts, but its toxicity strongly depends on sample provenance. Previous studies suggest that cristobalite-bearing volcanic ash is not as bio-reactive as may be expected for a dust containing crystalline silica. We systematically address the hazard posed by volcanic cristobalite by analysing a range of dome-related ash samples, and interpret the crystalline silica hazard according to the mineralogical nature of volcanic cristobalite. Samples are sourced from five well-characterized dome-forming volcanoes that span a range of magmatic compositions, specifically selecting samples rich in cristobalite (up to 16wt%). Isolated respirable fractions are used to investigate the in vitro response of THP-1 macrophages and A549 type II epithelial cells in cytotoxicity, cellular stress, and pro-inflammatory assays associated with crystalline silica toxicity. Dome-related ash is minimally reactive in vitro for a range of source compositions and cristobalite contents. Cristobalite-based toxicity is not evident in the assays employed, supporting the notion that crystalline silica provenance influences reactivity. Macrophages experienced minimal ash-induced cytotoxicity and intracellular reduction of glutathione; however, production of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 were sample-dependent. Lung epithelial cells experienced moderate apoptosis, sample-dependent reduction of glutathione, and minimal cytokine production. We suggest that protracted interaction between particles and epithelial cells may never arise due to effective clearance by macrophages. However, volcanic ash has the propensity to incite a low, but significant, and sample-dependent response; the effect of this response in vivo is unknown and prolonged exposure may yet pose a hazard.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Damby
- Institute of Hazard, Risk and Resilience, Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom; The University of Edinburgh/MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| | - Fiona A Murphy
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Claire J Horwell
- Institute of Hazard, Risk and Resilience, Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Raftis
- The University of Edinburgh/MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth Donaldson
- The University of Edinburgh/MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Alarcón PA, Lambertucci SA, Donázar JA, Hiraldo F, Sánchez-Zapata JA, Blanco G, Morales JM. Movement decisions in natural catastrophes: how a flying scavenger deals with a volcanic eruption. Behav Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arv124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Emergency hospital visits in association with volcanic ash, dust storms and other sources of ambient particles: a time-series study in Reykjavík, Iceland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:4047-59. [PMID: 25872017 PMCID: PMC4410232 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120404047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Volcanic ash contributed significantly to particulate matter (PM) in Iceland following the eruptions in Eyjafjallajökull 2010 and Grímsvötn 2011. This study aimed to investigate the association between different PM sources and emergency hospital visits for cardiorespiratory causes from 2007 to 2012. Indicators of PM10 sources; “volcanic ash”, “dust storms”, or “other sources” (traffic, fireworks, and re-suspension) on days when PM10 exceeded the daily air quality guideline value of 50 µg/m3 were entered into generalized additive models, adjusted for weather, time trend and co-pollutants. The average number of daily emergency hospital visits was 10.5. PM10 exceeded the air quality guideline value 115 out of 2191 days; 20 days due to volcanic ash, 14 due to dust storms (two days had both dust storm and ash contribution) and 83 due to other sources. High PM10 levels from volcanic ash tended to be significantly associated with the emergency hospital visits; estimates ranged from 4.8% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.6, 9.2%) per day of exposure in unadjusted models to 7.3% (95% CI: −0.4, 15.5%) in adjusted models. Dust storms were not consistently associated with daily emergency hospital visits and other sources tended to show a negative association. We found some evidence indicating that volcanic ash particles were more harmful than particles from other sources, but the results were inconclusive and should be interpreted with caution.
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Pöschl U, Shiraiwa M. Multiphase chemistry at the atmosphere-biosphere interface influencing climate and public health in the anthropocene. Chem Rev 2015; 115:4440-75. [PMID: 25856774 DOI: 10.1021/cr500487s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Pöschl
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Manabu Shiraiwa
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Borcherding J, Baltrusaitis J, Chen H, Stebounova L, Wu CM, Rubasinghege G, Mudunkotuwa IA, Caraballo JC, Zabner J, Grassian VH, Comellas AP. Iron oxide nanoparticles induce Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth, induce biofilm formation, and inhibit antimicrobial peptide function. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. NANO 2014; 1:123-132. [PMID: 25221673 PMCID: PMC4158920 DOI: 10.1039/c3en00029j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Given the increased use of iron-containing nanoparticles in a number of applications, it is important to understand any effects that iron-containing nanoparticles can have on the environment and human health. Since iron concentrations are extremely low in body fluids, there is potential that iron-containing nanoparticles may influence the ability of bacteria to scavenge iron for growth, affect virulence and inhibit antimicrobial peptide (AMP) function. In this study, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA01) and AMPs were exposed to iron oxide nanoparticles, hematite (α-Fe2O3), of different sizes ranging from 2 to 540 nm (2 ± 1, 43 ± 6, 85 ± 25 and 540 ± 90 nm) in diameter. Here we show that the greatest effect on bacterial growth, biofilm formation, and AMP function impairment is found when exposed to the smallest particles. These results are attributed in large part to enhanced dissolution observed for the smallest particles and an increase in the amount of bioavailable iron. Furthermore, AMP function can be additionally impaired by adsorption onto nanoparticle surfaces. In particular, lysozyme readily adsorbs onto the nanoparticle surface which can lead to loss of peptide activity. Thus, this current study shows that co-exposure of nanoparticles and known pathogens can impact host innate immunity. Therefore, it is important that future studies be designed to further understand these types of impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Haihan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | | | - Chia-Ming Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | | | | | | | - Joseph Zabner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Vicki H. Grassian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Weinhold B. Volcanic ash and the respiratory immune system: possible mechanisms behind reported infections. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2013; 121:A197. [PMID: 23732840 PMCID: PMC3672927 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.121-a197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
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