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Chaiden C, Jaresitthikunchai J, Phaonakrop N, Roytrakul S, Kerdsin A, Nuanualsuwan S. Unlocking the Secrets of Streptococcus suis: A peptidomics comparison of virulent and non-virulent serotypes 2, 14, 18, and 19. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287639. [PMID: 37384746 PMCID: PMC10310009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is an important bacterial pathogen, that causes serious infections in humans and pigs. Although numerous virulence factors have been proposed, their particular role in pathogenesis is still inconclusive. The current study explored putative peptides responsible for the virulence of S. suis serotype 2 (SS2). Thus, the peptidome of highly virulent SS2, less prevalent SS14, and rarely reported serotypes SS18 and SS19 were comparatively analyzed using a high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method (LC-MS/MS). Six serotype-specific peptides, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate N-acetyltransferase (DapH), alanine racemase (Alr), CCA-adding enzyme (CCA), peptide chain release factor 3 (RF3), ATP synthase subunit delta (F0F1-ATPases) and aspartate carbamoyltransferase (ATCase), were expressed moderately to highly only in the SS2 peptidome with p-values of less than 0.05. Some of these proteins are responsible for bacterial cellular stability; especially, Alr was highly expressed in the SS2 peptidome and is associated with peptidoglycan biosynthesis and bacterial cell wall formation. This study indicated that these serotype-specific peptides, which were significantly expressed by virulent SS2, could serve as putative virulence factors to promote its competitiveness with other coexistences in a particular condition. Further in vivo studies of these peptides should be performed to confirm the virulence roles of these identified peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadaporn Chaiden
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Center of Excellence for Food and Water Risk Analysis (FAWRA), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Janthima Jaresitthikunchai
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology for Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Narumon Phaonakrop
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology for Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology for Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Anusak Kerdsin
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | - Suphachai Nuanualsuwan
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Center of Excellence for Food and Water Risk Analysis (FAWRA), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Uruén C, García C, Fraile L, Tommassen J, Arenas J. How Streptococcus suis escapes antibiotic treatments. Vet Res 2022; 53:91. [DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01111-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractStreptococcus suis is a zoonotic agent that causes sepsis and meningitis in pigs and humans. S. suis infections are responsible for large economic losses in pig production. The lack of effective vaccines to prevent the disease has promoted the extensive use of antibiotics worldwide. This has been followed by the emergence of resistance against different classes of antibiotics. The rates of resistance to tetracyclines, lincosamides, and macrolides are extremely high, and resistance has spread worldwide. The genetic origin of S. suis resistance is multiple and includes the production of target-modifying and antibiotic-inactivating enzymes and mutations in antibiotic targets. S. suis genomes contain traits of horizontal gene transfer. Many mobile genetic elements carry a variety of genes that confer resistance to antibiotics as well as genes for autonomous DNA transfer and, thus, S. suis can rapidly acquire multiresistance. In addition, S. suis forms microcolonies on host tissues, which are associations of microorganisms that generate tolerance to antibiotics through a variety of mechanisms and favor the exchange of genetic material. Thus, alternatives to currently used antibiotics are highly demanded. A deep understanding of the mechanisms by which S. suis becomes resistant or tolerant to antibiotics may help to develop novel molecules or combinations of antimicrobials to fight these infections. Meanwhile, phage therapy and vaccination are promising alternative strategies, which could alleviate disease pressure and, thereby, antibiotic use.
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Ichikawa T, Oshima M, Yamagishi J, Muramatsu C, Asai T. Changes in antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and genotypes in Streptococcus suis strains isolated from pigs in the Tokai area of Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 82:9-13. [PMID: 31748445 PMCID: PMC6983656 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis strains isolated from porcine endocarditis and tonsils in the Tokai area of Japan during 2004-2007 and 2014-2016 (n=114) were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility and distribution of selected resistance genes. No strains showed resistance to penicillin, ampicillin, cefotaxime, meropenem, vancomycin, and levofloxacin. High resistance to tetracycline (80.7%), clindamycin (65.8%), erythromycin (56.1%), and clarithromycin (56.1%) was observed. In chloramphenicol and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, there was a trend towards increased resistance between the first (2004-2007) and second (2014-2016) periods. tet(O) and erm(B) genes were the most frequently detected, and tet(M) and mef(A/E) genes were only detected in strains isolated during 2014-2016. These results indicate that chloramphenicol and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim resistance, and tet(M) and mef(A/E) genes emerged in S. suis of this area after 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ichikawa
- Nagoya City Meat Hygiene Inspection Laboratory, 1-39 Funami-cho, Minato-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 455-0027, Japan.,Present address: Nagoya City Public Health Research Institute, 2266-132 Anagahora, Shimoshidami, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 463-0003, Japan
| | - Masaaki Oshima
- Nagoya City Meat Hygiene Inspection Laboratory, 1-39 Funami-cho, Minato-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 455-0027, Japan
| | - Junjiro Yamagishi
- Nagoya City Meat Hygiene Inspection Laboratory, 1-39 Funami-cho, Minato-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 455-0027, Japan
| | - Chieko Muramatsu
- Nagoya City Meat Hygiene Inspection Laboratory, 1-39 Funami-cho, Minato-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 455-0027, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Asai
- Department of Applied Veterinary Science, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Gifu University, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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Abstract
The genus Streptococcus includes Gram-positive organisms shaped in cocci and organized in chains. They are commensals, pathogens, and opportunistic pathogens for humans and animals. Most Streptococcus species of veterinary relevance have a specific ecological niche, such as S. uberis, which is almost exclusively an environmental pathogen causing bovine mastitis. In contrast, S. suis can be considered as a true zoonotic pathogen, causing specific diseases in humans after contact with infected animals or derived food products. Finally, Streptococcus species such as S. agalactiae can be sporadically zoonotic, even though they are pathogens of both humans and animals independently. For clarification, a short taxonomical overview will be given here to highlight the diversity of streptococci that infect animals. Several families of antibiotics are used to treat animals for streptococcal infections. First-line treatments are penicillins (alone or in combination with aminoglycosides), macrolides and lincosamides, fluoroquinolones, and tetracyclines. Because of the selecting role of antibiotics, resistance phenotypes have been reported in streptococci isolated from animals worldwide. Globally, the dynamic of resistance acquisition in streptococci is slower than what is experienced in Enterobacteriaceae, probably due to the much more limited horizontal spread of resistance genes. Nonetheless, transposons or integrative and conjugative elements can disseminate resistance determinants among streptococci. Besides providing key elements on the prevalence of resistance in streptococci from animals, this article will also largely consider the mechanisms and molecular epidemiology of the major types of resistance to antimicrobials encountered in the most important streptococcal species in veterinary medicine.
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Understanding the virulence of Streptococcus suis : A veterinary, medical, and economic challenge. Med Mal Infect 2018; 48:159-166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Oh SI, Jeon AB, Jung BY, Byun JW, Gottschalk M, Kim A, Kim JW, Kim HY. Capsular serotypes, virulence-associated genes and antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus suis isolates from pigs in Korea. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:780-787. [PMID: 28250312 PMCID: PMC5402202 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is an important pig pathogen with potential for human
transmission. The serotype distributions and phenotypic characteristics vary over time and
among regions; however, little is known about the characteristics of S.
suis isolates in Korea. In this study, 240 S. suis isolates
collected from pigs in Korea in 2009–2010 were serotyped by coagglutination tests,
subsequently screened for three virulence-associated genes (mrp,
epf and sly) and tested for antimicrobial
susceptibility. As for 80 isolates, the serotypes of which were relevant to human
infections, clonal complexes (CCs) were further identified by PCR. Serotype 3 was the most
prevalent (15.8%), followed by serotype 2 (15.0%), with geographical variation for each
serotype. Overall, 55.4% of the isolates carried mrp, whereas only 3.8%
carried epf. CC25 was the most prevalent (41.3%) and was related to
serotypes 2 and 9. The isolates showed higher susceptibility to ampicillin (93.4%) and
ceftiofur (90.8%) than to the other antimicrobial agents tested. The highest resistance
rate was observed to tetracycline (98.0%), followed by erythromycin (88.8%). In addition,
the resistance to certain antimicrobials was significantly associated, in part, with
virulence-associated genes or serotypes. Therefore, continuous characterization of
S. suis is essential for the benefit of veterinary and human
medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Ik Oh
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon, 39660, Korea.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, 54596, Korea
| | - Albert Byungyun Jeon
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon, 39660, Korea
| | - Byeong-Yeal Jung
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon, 39660, Korea
| | - Jae-Won Byun
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon, 39660, Korea
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Aeran Kim
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon, 39660, Korea
| | - Jong Wan Kim
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon, 39660, Korea
| | - Ha-Young Kim
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon, 39660, Korea
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Haas B, Grenier D. Impact of Sub-Inhibitory Concentrations of Amoxicillin on Streptococcus suis Capsule Gene Expression and Inflammatory Potential. Pathogens 2016; 5:pathogens5020037. [PMID: 27104570 PMCID: PMC4931388 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens5020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is an important swine pathogen and emerging zoonotic agent worldwide causing meningitis, endocarditis, arthritis and septicemia. Among the 29 serotypes identified to date, serotype 2 is mostly isolated from diseased pigs. Although several virulence mechanisms have been characterized in S. suis, the pathogenesis of S. suis infections remains only partially understood. This study focuses on the response of S. suis P1/7 to sub-inhibitory concentrations of amoxicillin. First, capsule expression was monitored by qRT-PCR when S. suis was cultivated in the presence of amoxicillin. Then, the pro-inflammatory potential of S. suis P1/7 culture supernatants or whole cells conditioned with amoxicillin was evaluated by monitoring the activation of the NF-κB pathway in monocytes and quantifying pro-inflammatory cytokines secreted by macrophages. It was found that amoxicillin decreased capsule expression in S. suis. Moreover, conditioning the bacterium with sub-inhibitory concentrations of amoxicillin caused an increased activation of the NF-κB pathway in monocytes following exposure to bacterial culture supernatants and to a lesser extent to whole bacterial cells. This was associated with an increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (CXCL8, IL-6, IL-1β) by macrophages. This study identified a new mechanism by which S. suis may increase its inflammatory potential in the presence of sub-inhibitory concentrations of amoxicillin, a cell wall-active antibiotic, thus challenging its use for preventive treatments or as growth factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Haas
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale (GREB), Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Daniel Grenier
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale (GREB), Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole (CRIPA), Fonds de Recherche du Québec-Nature et Technologies (FRQNT), Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada.
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Abstract
AbstractThis paper reviews information on antimicrobial resistance patterns and prudent use of antimicrobials to reduce the impact and spread of resistantStreptococcus suisstrains.S. suisis an important pathogen in swine, which can cause significant economic loss. Prudent use of antimicrobials forS. suisis essential to preserve the therapeutic efficacy of broad-spectrum antimicrobials and to minimize selection of resistantS. suisstrains. Resistance ofS. suisto antimicrobials commonly used in swine, including lincosamides, macrolides, sulphonamides, and tetracycline, has been documented worldwide, with resistance in up to 85% of strains. Among antimicrobials examined, resistance ofS. suishas been demonstrated to be relatively low for penicillin (0–27%), ampicillin (0.6–23%), and ceftiofur (0–23%). For penicillin, this result may be due in part to the unique mechanism by which resistance is acquired through modifications in the structure of penicillin-binding proteins. Recommendations to controlS. suisinfection include focused and careful choice and appropriate use of antimicrobials, together with preventive measures intended to improve swine management.
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9
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Abstract
Streptococcus suis is an emerging zoonotic agent responsible for high-mortality outbreaks among the human population in China. In this species, the ABC transporter SatAB mediates fluoroquinolone resistance when overexpressed. Here, we describe and characterize satR, an open reading frame (ORF) encoding a MarR superfamily regulator that acts as a repressor of satAB. satR is cotranscribed with satAB, and its interruption entails the overexpression of the pump, leading to a clinically relevant increase in resistance to fluoroquinolones.
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Callens BF, Haesebrouck F, Maes D, Butaye P, Dewulf J, Boyen F. Clinical resistance and decreased susceptibility in Streptococcus suis isolates from clinically healthy fattening pigs. Microb Drug Resist 2012; 19:146-51. [PMID: 23249177 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2012.0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) has often been reported as an important swine pathogen and is considered as a new emerging zoonotic agent. Consequently, it is important to be informed on its susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. In the current study, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) population distribution of nine antimicrobial agents has been determined for nasal S. suis strains, isolated from healthy pigs at the end of the fattening period from 50 closed or semiclosed pig herds. The aim of the study was to report resistance based on both clinical breakpoints (clinical resistance percentage) and epidemiological cutoff values (non-wild-type percentage). Non-wild-type percentages were high for tetracycline (98%), lincomycin (92%), tilmicosin (72%), erythromycin (70%), tylosin (66%), and low for florfenicol (0%) and enrofloxacin (0.3%). Clinical resistance percentages were high for tetracycline (95%), erythromycin (66%), tylosin (66%), and low for florfenicol (0.3%) and enrofloxacin (0.3%). For tiamulin, for which no clinical breakpoint is available, 57% of the isolates did not belong to the wild-type population. Clinical resistance and non-wild-type percentages differed substantially for penicillin. Only 1% of the tested S. suis strains was considered as clinically resistant, whereas 47% of the strains showed acquired resistance when epidemiological cutoff values were used. In conclusion, MIC values for penicillin are gradually increasing, compared to previous reports, although pigs infected with strains showing higher MICs may still respond to treatment with penicillin. The high rate of acquired resistance against tiamulin has not been reported before. Results from this study clearly demonstrate that the use of different interpretive criteria contributes to the extent of differences in reported antimicrobial resistance results. The early detection of small changes in the MIC population distribution of isolates, while clinical failure may not yet be observed, provides the opportunity to implement appropriate risk management steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicte F Callens
- Veterinary Epidemiology Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Li LL, Liao XP, Sun J, Yang YR, Liu BT, Yang SS, Zhao DH, Liu YH. Antimicrobial Resistance, Serotypes, and Virulence Factors ofStreptococcus suisIsolates from Diseased Pigs. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2012; 9:583-8. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2011.1106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Rong Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bao-Tao Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shou-Shen Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Hao Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Hong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Vachée A, Varon E, Jouy E, Meunier D. [Antibiotics susceptibility of Streptococcus and Enterococcus: data of Onerba network]. PATHOLOGIE-BIOLOGIE 2009; 57:240-244. [PMID: 18343047 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2007.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2007] [Accepted: 12/11/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This work was aimed to analyze trends in susceptibility to antibiotics among the main species of beta-hemolytic streptococci involved in community-acquired infections in human (Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus agalactiae), or in animals (Streptococcus suis and Streptococcus uberis) and also among the main enterocci species, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium. Data were recorded since 1996 through the Onerba networks. S. pyogenes, as the other beta-hemolytic streptococci studied remained fully susceptible to beta-lactam antibiotics. However, susceptibility to macrolides is clearly decreasing in S. pyogenes. In 2002, only 62 to 65% of the strains according to the network considered, were susceptible to erythromycin. A similar trend was observed for S. agalactiae with only 75% of erythromycin susceptibility in 2002, and for both species isolated from animals S. suis and S. uberis, with respectively 35 and 76% of strains susceptible to erythromycin. In enterococci, susceptibility to beta-lactams remained stable between 2000 and 2004. Indeed, the susceptibility to aminopenicillins remained high in E. faecalis (about 98%), whereas the proportion of E. faecium isolates susceptible to these antibiotics were lower than 60%. From 1999 to 2004, various studies conducted in French hospitals showed that the vancomycin resistance among enterococci accounted for less than 2%. However, the recent emergence of glycopeptide resistant enterococci clusters in French hospitals is a matter of concern and emphasizes the need for an ongoing surveillance. Such trend in macrolide resistance among S. pyogenes or S. agalactiae should consequently lead to propose other alternatives in case of beta-lactam allergy, and for pharyngitis, to rethink the place of the culture for susceptibility testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vachée
- Fédération de biologie, centre hospitalier de Roubaix, 17, boulevard Lacordaire, 59035 Roubaix, France.
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Zhang C, Ning Y, Zhang Z, Song L, Qiu H, Gao H. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus suis strains isolated from clinically healthy sows in China. Vet Microbiol 2008; 131:386-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2008] [Revised: 04/10/2008] [Accepted: 04/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hendriksen RS, Mevius DJ, Schroeter A, Teale C, Jouy E, Butaye P, Franco A, Utinane A, Amado A, Moreno M, Greko C, Stärk KDC, Berghold C, Myllyniemi AL, Hoszowski A, Sunde M, Aarestrup FM. Occurrence of antimicrobial resistance among bacterial pathogens and indicator bacteria in pigs in different European countries from year 2002 - 2004: the ARBAO-II study. Acta Vet Scand 2008; 50:19. [PMID: 18554407 PMCID: PMC2459172 DOI: 10.1186/1751-0147-50-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2007] [Accepted: 06/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The project "Antibiotic resistance in bacteria of animal origin – II" (ARBAO-II) was funded by the European Union (FAIR5-QLK2-2002-01146) for the period 2003–05. The aim of this project was to establish a program for the continuous monitoring of antimicrobial susceptibility of pathogenic and indicator bacteria from food animals using validated and harmonised methodologies. In this report the first data on the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance among bacteria causing infections in pigs are reported. Methods Susceptibility data from 17,642 isolates of pathogens and indicator bacteria including Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Streptococcus suis and Escherichia coli isolated from pigs were collected from fifteen European countries in 2002–2004. Results Data for A. pleuropneumoniae from infected pigs were submitted from five countries. Most of the isolates from Denmark were susceptible to all drugs tested with the exceptions of a low frequency of resistance to tetracycline and trimethoprim – sulphonamide. Data for S. suis were obtained from six countries. In general, a high level of resistance to tetracycline (48.0 – 92.0%) and erythromycin (29.1 – 75.0%) was observed in all countries whereas the level of resistance to ciprofloxacin and penicillin differed between the reporting countries. Isolates from England (and Wales), France and The Netherlands were all susceptible to penicillin. In contrast the proportion of strains resistant to ciprofloxacin ranged from 12.6 to 79.0% (2004) and to penicillin from 8.1 – 13.0% (2004) in Poland and Portugal. Data for E. coli from infected and healthy pigs were obtained from eleven countries. The data reveal a high level of resistance to tetracyclines, streptomycin and ampicillin among infected pigs whereas in healthy pigs the frequency of resistance was lower. Conclusion Bacterial resistance to some antimicrobials was frequent with different levels of resistance being observed to several antimicrobial agents in different countries. The occurrence of resistance varied distinctly between isolates from healthy and diseased pigs, with the isolates from healthy pigs generally showing a lower level of resistance than those from diseased pigs. The study suggests that the choice of antimicrobials used for the treatment of diseased animals should preferably be based on knowledge of the local pattern of resistance.
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15
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Wisselink HJ, Veldman KT, Van den Eede C, Salmon SA, Mevius DJ. Quantitative susceptibility of Streptococcus suis strains isolated from diseased pigs in seven European countries to antimicrobial agents licenced in veterinary medicine. Vet Microbiol 2006; 113:73-82. [PMID: 16387456 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2005.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2005] [Revised: 10/21/2005] [Accepted: 10/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The susceptibility of Streptococcus suis strains (n=384) isolated from diseased pigs in seven European countries to 10 antimicrobial agents was determined. For that purpose a microbroth dilution method was used according to CLSI recommendations. The following antimicrobial agents were tested: ceftiofur, cefquinome, enrofloxacin, florfenicol, gentamicin, penicillin, spectinomycin, tetracycline, tilmicosin and trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole. Using breakpoints established by CLSI for veterinary pathogens, all strains were susceptible to ceftiofur, florfenicol, enrofloxacin and penicillin. MIC-90 values of these antibiotics were < or = 0.03, 0.5, 2 and < or = 0.13 microg/mL, respectively. A low degree of resistance was observed for gentamicin (1.3%), spectinomycin (3.6%) and trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole (6.0%). MIC-90 values of these antibiotics were 8, 16 and 2 microg/mL, respectively. A high level of resistance was observed for tetracycline (75.1%). A MIC-90 value of 64 microg/mL was found for this antibiotic. Serotype-associated differences in MIC-90 values were observed for tetracycline, tilmicosin and trimethoprim/suphamethoxazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henk J Wisselink
- Animal Sciences Group, P.O. Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands.
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Morioka A, Asai T, Ishihara K, Kojima A, Tamura Y, Takahashi T. In vitro activity of 24 antimicrobial agents against Staphylococcus and Streptococcus isolated from diseased animals in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2005; 67:207-10. [PMID: 15750321 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.67.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 88 Staphylococcus and 61 Streptococcus isolates from diseased animals throughout Japan were examined in 2000 for the minimum inhibitory concentrations of 24 different antimicrobials by the agar dilution method standardized by the Japanese Society of Chemotherapy. The resistance rates to aminobenzylpenicillin (36.4%) and benzylpenicillin (35.2%) were high in Staphylococcus isolates, and those to oxytetracycline (45.9%) and kanamycin (21.3%) were high in Streptococcus isolates. Two isolates resistant to oxacillin harbored the mecA gene. One was Staphylococcus epidermidis derived from a pig with arthritis, and the other Staphylococcus cohnii from a head of cattle with mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Morioka
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1-15-1 Tokura, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan
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Vela AI, Moreno MA, Cebolla JA, González S, Latre MV, Domínguez L, Fernández-Garayzábal JF. Antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical strains of Streptococcus suis isolated from pigs in Spain. Vet Microbiol 2005; 105:143-7. [PMID: 15627526 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2004.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2004] [Revised: 10/01/2004] [Accepted: 10/15/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The antimicrobial susceptibility of 151 clinical Streptococcus suis strains isolated from diseased pigs in Spain was determined by a microdilution method. Isolates were mostly susceptible to beta-lactam antimicrobials, aminoglycosides, enrofloxacin, novobiocin and spectinomycin. More than 87% of the S. suis isolates were resistant to tetracyclines, sulphonamides, macrolides and clindamycin. Strains of serotype 9 were significantly more resistant than strains of serotype 2 (P<0.05) to tylosin (94% versus 77%) and clindamycin (94% versus 64%). Eighty-seven percent of the S. suis isolates were resistant to at least four antimicrobials and nine isolates (6%) were resistant to at least six antimicrobials. The most frequently identified multidrug pattern involved resistance against tetracyclines, sulphonamides, macrolides and lincosamides, with 69% of the isolates exhibiting this resistotype. Fifteen out of the 22 strains of serotype 2 (68.2%), and 84 out of the 98 of the strains of serotype 9 (85.7%) exhibited this resistotype, indicating its widespread distribution among the strains of the two most frequently isolated serotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Vela
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid E-28040, Spain
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Mélançon D, Grenier D. Production and properties of bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances from the swine pathogen Streptococcus suis serotype 2. Appl Environ Microbiol 2003; 69:4482-8. [PMID: 12902232 PMCID: PMC169146 DOI: 10.1128/aem.69.8.4482-4488.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is a major pathogen found in the upper respiratory tract of swine. In this study, isolates of this bacterial species were tested for the production of bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLIS). Of the 38 strains tested, four inhibited the growth of other S. suis isolates according to a deferred-antagonism plate assay. Interestingly, three of the strains were originally isolated from healthy carrier pigs and were considered nonvirulent. Three isolates (94-623, 90-1330, and AAH4) that produced BLIS in liquid broth were selected for further characterization. None of the inhibitory activities was related to the production of either organic acids or hydrogen peroxide. The BLIS produced by these strains were heat stable and proteinase K, pronase, and elastase sensitive but were trypsin and chymotrypsin resistant. They were stable at pH 2 and 12 and had molecular masses in the range of 14 to 30 kDa. Maximum production was observed during the mid-log phase. Following a curing procedure with novobiocin, only 90-1330 lost the ability to produce BLIS, suggesting that the BLIS might be plasmid encoded. Analysis of the inhibitory spectra revealed that the BLIS-producing strains also inhibited the growth of Actinobacillus minor, Actinobacillus porcinus, Enterococcus durans, Micrococcus luteus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae, Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus, and S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis. This study reports for the first time the ability of the swine pathogen S. suis serotype 2 to produce BLIS with the characteristics of classic bacteriocins. Further studies are required to investigate the possibility of using bacteriocin-producing strains to prevent swine infections caused by virulent strains of S. suis serotype 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mélançon
- Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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Takamatsu D, Osaki M, Sekizaki T. Chloramphenicol resistance transposable element TnSs1 of Streptococcus suis, a transposon flanked by IS6-family elements. Plasmid 2003; 49:143-51. [PMID: 12726767 DOI: 10.1016/s0147-619x(02)00149-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A new transposon, designated TnSs1, which contains a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene flanked by direct repeats of an IS6-family element was found in a field isolate of Streptococcus suis. Polymerase chain reaction and hybridization analyses indicated that another field isolate carried the same transposon in a different location on the chromosome. A transposition assay done with a thermosensitive suicide vector showed that, among the seven TnSs1 mutants tested in this study, six formed a cointegrate between the S. suis genome and the vector with the generation of the third copy of the insertion sequence element, and one harbored one copy of TnSs1 on the chromosome as a result of a subsequent resolution step. On transposition, TnSs1 duplicated an 8-bp sequence at the target site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Takamatsu
- Molecular Bacteriology Section, National Institute of Animal Health, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
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Anfossi P, Zaghini A, Grassigli G, Menotta S, Fedrizzi G. Relative oral bioavailability of microgranulated amoxicillin in pigs. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2002; 25:329-34. [PMID: 12423222 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2885.2002.00428.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A new microgranulated formulation of amoxicillin trihydrate for in-feed medication was developed using a lipogelled matrix. Its relative bioavailability was compared with powdered drug in pigs and an assessment was made to determine whether therapeutic concentrations were achieved. Microgranules containing 10% (MICR10) and 30% (MICR30) amoxicillin and free amoxicillin trihydrate powder (reference, AMX) were administered at dosages of 50 mg of amoxicillin/kg b.w. using a three-way-crossover design. Amoxicillin analysis in serum was performed by a sensitive high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with fluorometric detection, using an extraction procedure already described for edible tissues of fish and adapted and validated for pig serum. The oral bioavailability of both microgranulated formulations was higher than that of the reference formulation [relative bioavailability (F): 153.9 +/- 58.2% for MICR10; 126.2 +/- 70.5% for MICR30] and the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) values of MICR10 and AMX formulations were significantly different (P < 0.05). Differences between the mean maximum concentration (Cmax), time of Cmax (tmax) and mean residence time (MRT) of the drug formulations were not significant. Microgranulated amoxicillin is suitable for in-feed administration to pigs and, because of its higher oral bioavailability compared with the powdered compound, it may be more effective for the treatment of susceptible infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Anfossi
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria e Patologia Animale, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia (BO), Italy
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