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Maftei NM, Iancu AV, Elisei AM, Gurau TV, Ramos-Villarroel AY, Lisa EL. Functional Characterization of Fermented Beverages Based on Soy Milk and Sea Buckthorn Powder. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1493. [PMID: 37374995 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Limitations of dairy products, such as lactose intolerance, problems related to a high cholesterol intake in diet, malabsorption, and the requirement for cold storage facilities, as well as an increasing demand for new foods and tastes, have initiated a trend in the development of non-dairy probiotic products. The possibility of producing beverages based on soy milk, sea buckthorn powder, and fermented by Bifidobacterium bifidus (Bb-12®, Bb) strain at different temperatures (30 °C and 37 °C) was examined. Strain viability, pH, and titratable acidity were measured during the fermentation period while the viability, pH, titratable acidity, and water holding capacity were determined during the storage time at 4 °C ± 1 °C within 14 days. Additionally, the survival and stability of Bb-12®, inoculated into a functional beverage when exposed to simulated gastrointestinal tract conditions, were assessed. The results obtained in this study revealed that the content of potent bioactive compounds in fermented soy milk and sea buckthorn powder depends on the processing conditions, the bacteria used in the fermentation step, and storage time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta-Maricica Maftei
- Research Centre in the Medical-Pharmaceutical Field, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy University "Dunărea de Jos", 800008 Galati, Romania
- Medical Laboratory Department, Clinical Hospital of Children Hospital "Sf. Ioan", 800487 Galati, Romania
| | - Alina-Viorica Iancu
- Research Centre in the Medical-Pharmaceutical Field, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy University "Dunărea de Jos", 800008 Galati, Romania
- Medical Laboratory Department, Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases "Sf. Cuvioasa Parascheva", 800179 Galati, Romania
| | - Alina Mihaela Elisei
- Research Centre in the Medical-Pharmaceutical Field, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy University "Dunărea de Jos", 800008 Galati, Romania
| | - Tudor Vladimir Gurau
- Research Centre in the Medical-Pharmaceutical Field, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy University "Dunărea de Jos", 800008 Galati, Romania
| | - Ana Yndira Ramos-Villarroel
- School of Science of Agro and Environment, Campus the Guaritos, University of Oriente, Av. University, Maturín 6201, Venezuela
| | - Elena Lacramioara Lisa
- Research Centre in the Medical-Pharmaceutical Field, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy University "Dunărea de Jos", 800008 Galati, Romania
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2
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Zhang N, Jin M, Wang K, Zhang Z, Shah NP, Wei H. Functional oligosaccharide fermentation in the gut: Improving intestinal health and its determinant factors-A review. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 284:119043. [PMID: 35287885 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.119043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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3
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Basavaiah R, Gurudutt PS. Prebiotic Carbohydrates for Therapeutics. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 21:230-245. [PMID: 32990546 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200929140522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The food industry is constantly shifting focus based on prebiotics as health-promoting substrates rather than just food supplements. A prebiotic is "a selectively fermented ingredient that allows specific changes, both in the composition and/or activity in the gastrointestinal microflora that confers benefits upon host well-being and health." Prebiotics exert a plethora of health-promoting effects, which has lead to the establishment of multimillion food and pharma industries. The following are the health benefits attributed to prebiotics: mineral absorption, better immune response, increased resistance to bacterial infection, improved lipid metabolism, possible protection against cancer, relief from poor digestion of lactose, and reduction in the risk of diseases such as intestinal disease, non-insulin-dependent diabetes, obesity and allergy. Numerous studies in both animals and humans have demonstrated the health benefits of prebiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renuka Basavaiah
- Department of Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore - 570 020, Karnataka, CSIR, India
| | - Prapulla S Gurudutt
- Department of Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore - 570 020, Karnataka, CSIR, India
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4
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Utilization of sucrose and analog disaccharides by human intestinal bifidobacteria and lactobacilli: Search of the bifidobacteria enzymes involved in the degradation of these disaccharides. Microbiol Res 2020; 240:126558. [PMID: 32688171 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The majority of oligosaccharides used as prebiotics typically consist of a combination of 3 kinds of neutral monosaccharides, d-glucose, d-galactose, and d-fructose. In this context, we aimed to generate new types of prebiotic oligosaccharides containing other monosaccharides, and to date have synthesized various oligosaccharides containing an amino sugar, uronic acid, and their derivatives. In this study, we investigated the effects of 4 kinds of sucrose (Suc) analog disaccharides containing d-glucosamine, N-acetyl-d-glucosamine, d-glucuronic acid, or d-glucuronamide as constituent monosaccharides, on the growth of 8 species of bifidobacteria and 3 species of lactobacilli isolated from the human intestine. The results of these experiments were compared with those obtained from identical experiments using Suc. We confirmed that all bacterial strains could utilize Suc as a nutrient source for growth; in contrast, only specific species of bifidobacteria showed growth with Suc analog disaccharides. When oligosaccharides are utilized as a nutrient source by bacteria, they are often broken down into monosaccharides or their derivatives by cellular enzymes before entering the intracellular glycolytic pathway. Therefore, to clarify the above phenomenon involved in the growth of bifidobacteria using Suc analog disaccharides, we investigated the cellular glycosidases of 3 strains of bifidobacteria shown to be capable or incapable of growth in the presence of these disaccharides. As the result, it was confirmed that the strains capable of growth using Suc analog disaccharides show greater productivity of glycosidases that degrade these disaccharides than strains not capable of growth; however, we have not identified the enzymes here.
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5
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Influence of fermentable carbohydrates on the intestinal bacteria and enteropathogens in broilers. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933909000063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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6
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Fujisawa T, Ohashi Y, Shin R, Narai-Kanayama A, Nakagaki T. The effect of soymilk intake on the fecal microbiota, particularly Bifidobacterium species, and intestinal environment of healthy adults: a pilot study. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA FOOD AND HEALTH 2016; 36:33-37. [PMID: 28243549 PMCID: PMC5301055 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.16-017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The influence of soymilk on the fecal microbiota, particularly Bifidobacterium species, and metabolic activities were investigated in eight healthy adult humans. During the soymilk intake period, the number of bifidobacteria in feces was significantly higher (p<0.05) on day 14 of the soymilk intake period than before the intake period, whereas that of Enterobacteriaceae was significantly lower (p<0.05) on days 7 and 14 of the soymilk intake period than before the intake period. In an investigation of Bifidobacterium at the species or group level, the numbers of all species and groups studied slightly increased during the soymilk intake period. These results show that the intake of soymilk may contribute to improving the intestinal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Fujisawa
- Laboratory of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Applied Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Yuji Ohashi
- Laboratory of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Applied Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Shin
- Laboratory of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Applied Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Asako Narai-Kanayama
- Laboratory of Agricultural Food, Faculty of Applied Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Takenori Nakagaki
- Nakagaki Consulting Engineer & Co., Ltd., 10-39 Otorikitamachi, Nishi-ku, Sakai-shi, Osaka 593-8328, Japan
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7
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Takagi R, Sasaki K, Sasaki D, Fukuda I, Tanaka K, Yoshida KI, Kondo A, Osawa R. A Single-Batch Fermentation System to Simulate Human Colonic Microbiota for High-Throughput Evaluation of Prebiotics. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160533. [PMID: 27483470 PMCID: PMC4970706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We devised a single-batch fermentation system to simulate human colonic microbiota from fecal samples, enabling the complex mixture of microorganisms to achieve densities of up to 1011 cells/mL in 24 h. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of bacteria grown in the system revealed that representatives of the major phyla, including Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria, as well as overall species diversity, were consistent with those of the original feces. On the earlier stages of fermentation (up to 9 h), trace mixtures of acetate, lactate, and succinate were detectable; on the later stages (after 24 h), larger amounts of acetate accumulated along with some of propionate and butyrate. These patterns were similar to those observed in the original feces. Thus, this system could serve as a simple model to simulate the diversity as well as the metabolism of human colonic microbiota. Supplementation of the system with several prebiotic oligosaccharides (including fructo-, galacto-, isomalto-, and xylo-oligosaccharides; lactulose; and lactosucrose) resulted in an increased population in genus Bifidobacterium, concomitant with significant increases in acetate production. The results suggested that this fermentation system may be useful for in vitro, pre-clinical evaluation of the effects of prebiotics prior to testing in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Takagi
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1–1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657–8501, Japan
| | - Kengo Sasaki
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1–1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657–8501, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Daisuke Sasaki
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1–1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657–8501, Japan
| | - Itsuko Fukuda
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1–1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657–8501, Japan
- Research Center for Food Safety and Security, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1–1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657–8501, Japan
| | - Kosei Tanaka
- Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1–1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657–8501, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Yoshida
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1–1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657–8501, Japan
- Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1–1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657–8501, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kondo
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1–1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657–8501, Japan
- Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1–1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657–8501, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230–0045, Japan
| | - Ro Osawa
- Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1–1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657–8501, Japan
- Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1–1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657–8501, Japan
- Research Center for Food Safety and Security, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1–1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657–8501, Japan
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8
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Perspectives on the biotechnological production and potential applications of lactosucrose: A review. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Li W, Wang K, Sun Y, Ye H, Hu B, Zeng X. Lactosucrose and its analogues derived from lactose and sucrose: Influence of structure on human intestinal microbiota in vitro. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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10
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Kishino E, Takemura N, Masaki H, Ito T, Nakazawa M. Dietary lactosucrose suppresses influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in mice. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA FOOD AND HEALTH 2015; 34:67-76. [PMID: 26594606 PMCID: PMC4654070 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2015-005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of lactosucrose
(4G-β-D-galactosylsucrose) on influenza A virus infections
in mice. First, the effects of lactosucrose on fermentation in the
cecum and on immune function were investigated. In female BALB/c mice,
lactosucrose supplementation for 6 weeks promoted cecal fermentation
and increased both secretory IgA (SIgA) levels in feces and total IgA
and IgG2a concentrations in serum. Both the percentage of
CD4+ T cells in Peyer’s patches and the cytotoxic
activity of splenic natural killer (NK) cells increased significantly
in response to lactosucrose. Next, we examined the effects of
lactosucrose on low-dose influenza A virus infection in mice. After 2
weeks of dietary supplementation with lactosucrose, the mice were
infected with low-dose influenza A virus. At 7 days post infection, a
comparison with control mice showed that weight loss was suppressed,
as were viral titers in the lungs. In the spleens of lactosucrose-fed
mice, there was an increase in the percentage of NK cells. Lastly,
mice fed lactosucrose were challenged with a lethal dose of influenza
A virus. The survival rate of these mice was significantly higher than
that of mice fed a control diet. These results suggested that
lactosucrose supplementation suppresses influenza A virus infection by
augmenting innate immune responses and enhancing cellular and mucosal
immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Kishino
- Carbohydrate Research Laboratory, Ensuiko Sugar Refining Co., Ltd., 1-1-1 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Naho Takemura
- Carbohydrate Research Laboratory, Ensuiko Sugar Refining Co., Ltd., 1-1-1 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hisaharu Masaki
- Carbohydrate Research Laboratory, Ensuiko Sugar Refining Co., Ltd., 1-1-1 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ito
- Carbohydrate Research Laboratory, Ensuiko Sugar Refining Co., Ltd., 1-1-1 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Nakazawa
- Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
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Mao B, Li D, Zhao J, Liu X, Gu Z, Chen YQ, Zhang H, Chen W. In vitro fermentation of fructooligosaccharides with human gut bacteria. Food Funct 2015; 6:947-54. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fo01082e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Fructooligosaccharides (FOS), one of the most studied prebiotics, selectively stimulate the growth of health-promoting bacteria in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyong Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhennan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Q. Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- People's Republic of China
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12
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Fujisawa T. [Comparison of intestinal bacteria composition identified by various analytical methods]. Nihon Saikingaku Zasshi 2014; 69:331-48. [PMID: 24681991 DOI: 10.3412/jsb.69.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Many different kinds of bacteria are normally found in the intestines of healthy humans and animals. To study the ecology and function of these intestinal bacteria, the culture method was fundamental until recent years, and suitable agar plates such as non-selective agar plates and several selective agar plates have been developed. Furthermore, the roll-tube, glove box, and plate-in-bottle methods have also been developed for the cultivation of fastidious anaerobes that predominantly colonize the intestine. Until recently, the evaluation of functional foods such as pre- and probiotics was mainly done using culture methods, and many valuable data were produced. On the other hand, genomic analysis such as the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), quantitative PCR (qPCR), clone-library, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE), terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) methods, and metagenome analysis have been used for the investigation of intestinal microbiota in recent years. The identification of bacteria is done by investigation of the phenotypic characteristics in culture methods, while rRNA genes are used as targets in genomic analysis. Here, I compare the fecal bacteria identified by various analytical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Fujisawa
- Laboratory of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Applied Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University
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13
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Tonozuka T, Tamaki A, Yokoi G, Miyazaki T, Ichikawa M, Nishikawa A, Ohta Y, Hidaka Y, Katayama K, Hatada Y, Ito T, Fujita K. Crystal structure of a lactosucrose-producing enzyme, Arthrobacter sp. K-1 β-fructofuranosidase. Enzyme Microb Technol 2012; 51:359-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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14
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Díez-Municio M, Herrero M, Jimeno ML, Olano A, Moreno FJ. Efficient synthesis and characterization of lactulosucrose by Leuconostoc mesenteroides B-512F dextransucrase. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:10564-10571. [PMID: 23020182 DOI: 10.1021/jf303335m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This work describes an efficient enzymatic synthesis and NMR structural characterization of the trisaccharide β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2→1)-α-D-glucopyranoside, also termed as lactulosucrose. This oligosaccharide was formed by the Leuconostoc mesenteroides B-512F dextransucrase-catalyzed transfer of the glucosyl residue from sucrose to the 2-hydroxyl group of the reducing unit of lactulose. The enzymatic reaction was carried out under optimal conditions, i.e., at 30 °C in 20 mM sodium acetate buffer with 0.34 mM CaCl(2) at pH 5.2, and the effect of factors such as reaction time (0-48 h), enzyme charge (0.8, 1.6, and 2.4 U mL(-1)), and sucrose:lactulose concentration ratios (20:40, 30:30, and 40:20, expressed in g/100 mL) on the formation of transfer products were studied. The highest formation in lactulosucrose was attained at 8 and 24-32 h by using 20%:40% and 30%:30% sucrose:lactulose mixtures, respectively, with 1.6 or 2.4 U mL(-1) dextransucrase, leading to lactulosucrose yields of 27-35% in weight respect to the initial amount of lactulose. Furthermore, minor tetra- and pentasaccharide, both probably derived from lactulose, were also detected and quantified. Likewise, the capacity of lactulosucrose to act as D-glucosyl donor once the sucrose was consumed, could explain its decrease from 16 to 24 h when the highest charge of dextransucrase was used. Considering the chemical structure of the synthesized oligosaccharides, lactulosucrose and its derivatives could potentially be excellent candidates for an emerging prebiotic ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Díez-Municio
- Departamento Bioactividad y Análisis de Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), CEI (UAM+CSIC), c/Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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15
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Gibson GR, Probert HM, Loo JV, Rastall RA, Roberfroid MB. Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota: updating the concept of prebiotics. Nutr Res Rev 2012; 17:259-75. [PMID: 19079930 DOI: 10.1079/nrr200479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1304] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prebiotics are non-digestible (by the host) food ingredients that have a beneficial effect through their selective metabolism in the intestinal tract. Key to this is the specificity of microbial changes. The present paper reviews the concept in terms of three criteria: (a) resistance to gastric acidity, hydrolysis by mammalian enzymes and gastrointestinal absorption; (b) fermentation by intestinal microflora; (c) selective stimulation of the growth and/or activity of intestinal bacteria associated with health and wellbeing. The conclusion is that prebiotics that currently fulfil these three criteria are fructo-oligosaccharides, galacto-oligosaccharides and lactulose, although promise does exist with several other dietary carbohydrates. Given the range of food vehicles that may be fortified by prebiotics, their ability to confer positive microflora changes and the health aspects that may accrue, it is important that robust technologies to assay functionality are used. This would include a molecular-based approach to determine flora changes. The future use of prebiotics may allow species-level changes in the microbiota, an extrapolation into genera other than the bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, and allow preferential use in disease-prone areas of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn R Gibson
- Food Microbial Sciences Unit, School of Food Biosciences, The University of Reading, Reading, UK
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16
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Inoguchi S, Ohashi Y, Narai-Kanayama A, Aso K, Nakagaki T, Fujisawa T. Effects of non-fermented and fermented soybean milk intake on faecal microbiota and faecal metabolites in humans. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2012; 63:402-10. [PMID: 22040525 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2011.630992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The effects of non-fermented soybean milk (NFSM) and fermented soybean milk (FSM) intake on the faecal microbiota and metabolic activities in 10 healthy volunteers were investigated. Soybean oligosaccharides, raffinose and stachyose were utilized by bifidobacteria except for Bifidobacterium bifidum, but most strains of Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens could not use them. During the dietary administration of FSM, the number of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in the faeces increased (p < 0.05), and clostridia decreased (p < 0.05). Moreover, the concentrations of faecal sulphide were decreased (p < 0.01) in the intake of FSM. During the dietary administration of NFSM, the number of bifidobacteria tended to increase. These results indicate that the consumption of soybean milk, especially FSM, is related to improvement of the intestinal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Inoguchi
- Laboratory of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Applied Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Wu-Haan W, Powers W, Angel R, Applegate TJ. The use of distillers dried grains plus solubles as a feed ingredient on air emissions and performance from laying hens. Poult Sci 2010; 89:1355-9. [PMID: 20548062 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2009-00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of the current study were to evaluate the effect of feeding diets containing 0, 10, or 20% distillers dried grains plus solubles (DDGS) to laying hens (21 to 26 wk of age) on emissions of NH3 and H2S. Hy-Line W-36 hens (n = 640) were allocated randomly to 8 environmental rooms for a 5-wk period (hens in 3 rooms were offered the 10% and 20% DDGS diets each; hens in 2 rooms were offered the 0% DDGS diet). Diets were formulated to contain similar CP levels (18.3%), nonphytate P (0.46%), and Ca (4.2%). On an analyzed basis, the 0, 10, and 20% DDGS diets contained 0.22, 0.27, and 0.42% S. Egg weight (50.9 g), egg production (85%), and feed intake (87.9 g/hen per d) were unaffected by diet (P > 0.05) over the study period. Daily NH3 emissions from hens fed diets containing 0, 10, and 20% DDGS were 105.4, 91.7, and 80.2 mg/g of N consumed, respectively (P < 0.05). Daily H2S emissions from hens fed commercial diets containing 0, 10, and 20% DDGS were 2.6, 2.4, and 1.1 mg/g of S consumed, respectively. Overall, feeding 21- to 26-wk-old laying hens diets containing 20% DDGS decreased daily NH3 emissions by 24% and H2S emissions by 58%. Each hen emitted approximately 280 mg of NH3 and 0.5 mg of H2S daily when fed a control diet containing 18% CP and 0.2% S. The results of this study demonstrate that 20% DDGS derived from ethanol production can be fed to laying hens, resulting in lower emissions of NH3 and H2S with no apparent adverse effects on hen performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Wu-Haan
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, USA
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Gibson GR, Scott KP, Rastall RA, Tuohy KM, Hotchkiss A, Dubert-Ferrandon A, Gareau M, Murphy EF, Saulnier D, Loh G, Macfarlane S, Delzenne N, Ringel Y, Kozianowski G, Dickmann R, Lenoir-Wijnkoop I, Walker C, Buddington R. Dietary prebiotics: current status and new definition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1616/1476-2137.15880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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19
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Effect of apple intake on fecal microbiota and metabolites in humans. Anaerobe 2010; 16:510-5. [PMID: 20304079 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2010.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2009] [Revised: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effects of apple intake on the fecal flora, water content, pH, and metabolic activities in eight healthy volunteers and the utilization of apple pectin in vitro were investigated. Although several isolates of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, and the Bacteroides fragilis group utilized apple pectin, most isolates of Escherichia coli, Collinsela aerofaciense, Eubacterium limosum, and Clostridium perfringens could not. When fecal samples from healthy adults were incubated in liquid broth with apple pectin present or absent, the numbers of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in the former were higher than those in the later. After the intake of apples (2 apples a day for 2 weeks) by eight healthy adult humans, the number of bifidobacteria in feces increased (p < 0.05 on day 7 and p < 0.01 on day 14 of the intake period), and the numbers of Lactobacillus and Streptococcus including Enterococcus tended to increase. However, lecithinase-positive clostridia, including C. perfringens, decreased (p < 0.05), and Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas tended to decrease. Moreover, the concentrations of fecal acetic acid tended to increase on apple intake. The fecal ammonia concentration showed a tendency to reduce and fecal sulfide decreased (p < 0.05) on apple intake. These findings indicate that apple consumption is related to an improved intestinal environment, and apple pectin is one of the effective apple components improving the fecal environment.
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Fujisawa T, Sadatoshi A, Ohashi Y, Orihashi T, Sakai K, Sera K, Kanbe M. Influences of Prebio Support TM (Mixture of Fermented Products of Lactobacillus gasseri OLL2716 and Propionibacterium freudenreichii ET-3) on the Composition and Metabolic Activity of Fecal Microbiota in Calves. Biosci Microflora 2010. [DOI: 10.12938/bifidus.29.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Fujisawa
- Laboratory of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Applied Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University
| | - Asami Sadatoshi
- Laboratory of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Applied Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University
| | - Yuji Ohashi
- Laboratory of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Applied Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University
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Fujisawa T, Shinohara K, Kishimoto Y, Terada A. Effect of miso soup containing Natto on the composition and metabolic activity of the human faecal flora. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/08910600600931942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Fujisawa
- Laboratory of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Applied Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Animal Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Shinohara
- Laboratory of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Applied Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Animal Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Kishimoto
- Laboratory of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Applied Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Animal Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Terada
- Laboratory of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Applied Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Animal Science University, Tokyo, Japan
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Terada A, Hara H, Mitsuoka T. Effect of Dietary Alginate on the Faecal Microbiota and Faecal Metabolic Activity in Humans. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/08910609509140105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Terada
- Department of Food Hygiene, Nippon Veterinary and Animal Science University, 1–7–1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180, Japan
| | - H. Hara
- Department of Food Hygiene, Nippon Veterinary and Animal Science University, 1–7–1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180, Japan
| | - T. Mitsuoka
- Department of Food Hygiene, Nippon Veterinary and Animal Science University, 1–7–1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180, Japan
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Terada A, Bukawa W, Kan T, Mitsuoka T. Effects of the consumption of heat-killedEnterococcus faecalisEC-12 preparation on microbiota and metabolic activity of the faeces in healthy adults. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/08910600410017346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Terada
- Laboratury of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Applied Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Animal Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8602, Japan
| | - Wakoto Bukawa
- Functional Foods Division, Combi Co. Ltd., 5-2-39 Nishibori, Saitama-shi, Saitama, 338-0832, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Kan
- Functional Foods Division, Combi Co. Ltd., 5-2-39 Nishibori, Saitama-shi, Saitama, 338-0832, Japan
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24
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Influence of fermentable carbohydrates on the intestinal bacteria and enteropathogens in broilers. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2009. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933909000006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Ito S, Taguchi H, Hamada S, Kawauchi S, Ito H, Senoura T, Watanabe J, Nishimukai M, Ito S, Matsui H. Enzymatic properties of cellobiose 2-epimerase from Ruminococcus albus and the synthesis of rare oligosaccharides by the enzyme. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 79:433-41. [PMID: 18392616 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-008-1449-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2007] [Revised: 03/06/2008] [Accepted: 03/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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26
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Fujisawa T, Asanaga H, Ito C, Kumagai C, Kawasumi K, Amao H, Shinohara K, Ohashi Y, Iida M, Murakami M, Anzai H, Matsunaga M. Influences of <i>Lactobacillus</i> and Cellobiose on the Composition and Metabolic Activity of Fecal Microbiota in Dogs given Boiled Chicken Head and Cow Milk. Biosci Microflora 2008. [DOI: 10.12938/bifidus.27.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Fujisawa
- Laboratory of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Applied Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University,
| | - Hideaki Asanaga
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science, Faculty of Applied Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University
| | - Chihiro Ito
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science, Faculty of Applied Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University
| | - Chieko Kumagai
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science, Faculty of Applied Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University
| | - Koh Kawasumi
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science, Faculty of Applied Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University
| | - Hiromi Amao
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science, Faculty of Applied Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University
| | - Kenji Shinohara
- Laboratory of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Applied Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University,
| | - Yuji Ohashi
- Laboratory of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Applied Life Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University,
| | - Miki Iida
- Central Research Laboratories, Nippon Zenyaku Kogyo Co., Ltd
| | - Makoto Murakami
- Central Research Laboratories, Nippon Zenyaku Kogyo Co., Ltd
| | - Hideyuki Anzai
- Central Research Laboratories, Nippon Zenyaku Kogyo Co., Ltd
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Effects of dietary lactosucrose (4G-beta-D-galactosylsucrose) on the IgE response in mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2007; 71:2766-73. [PMID: 17986785 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.70364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the effects of dietary lactosucrose (LS, a non-digestible oligosaccharide) on the IgE response in mice immunized with ovalbumin (OVA)/alum. In addition to IgG1 and IgG2a responses, the anti-OVA IgE response in mice fed LS diets was dose-dependently suppressed, as compared with the control mice, while the serum total IgG levels were comparable. Moreover, dietary LS feeding inhibited antigen-specific IgE and IgG1 productions even after a second immunization. Regarding with cytokine production, when stimulated in vitro with OVA, splenocytes obtained from LS-fed mice produced a similar level of IFN-gamma, and lower levels of IL-4 and IL-5, as compared with the control mice. But IL-10 production by OVA-stimulated splenocytes was augmented in LS-fed mice, suggesting that IL-10 producing cells are responsible for the immunoregulatory effect of LS. Our findings indicate the further possibility that dietary LS supplementation can be used to prevent IgE-mediated allergic diseases.
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Hino K, Kurose M, Sakurai T, Inoue SI, Oku K, Chaen H, Fukuda S. Effect of Dietary Lactosucrose (4G-.BETA.-D-Galactosylsucrose) on the Intestinal Immune Functions in Mice. J Appl Glycosci (1999) 2007. [DOI: 10.5458/jag.54.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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HOTTEN P, MAROTTA F, NAITO Y, MINELLI E, HELMY A, LIGHTHOUSE J, FUJI H, FESCE E. Effects of probiotics, lactitol and rifaximin on intestinal flora and fecal excretion of organic acids in cirrhotic patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1443-9611.2003.00110.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Morishita Y, Oowada T, Ozaki A, Mizutani T. Galactooligosaccharide in combination with Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides affects the population of Clostridium perfringens in the intestine of gnotobiotic mice. Nutr Res 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0271-5317(02)00455-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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31
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Swanson KS, Grieshop CM, Flickinger EA, Bauer LL, Wolf BW, Chow J, Garleb KA, Williams JA, Fahey GC. Fructooligosaccharides and Lactobacillus acidophilus modify bowel function and protein catabolites excreted by healthy humans. J Nutr 2002; 132:3042-50. [PMID: 12368393 DOI: 10.1093/jn/131.10.3042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to determine whether supplementation with fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and (or) Lactobacillus acidophilus (LAC) affected bowel function and fermentative end-product concentrations in feces of healthy humans. Subjects (n = 68) were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel study design. After a 4-wk baseline period, subjects consumed one of the following treatments twice daily for 4 wk: 1) 3 g sucrose + 80 mg cornstarch; 2) 3 g FOS + 80 mg cornstarch; 3) 3 g sucrose + 1 x 10(9) colony-forming units (cfu) LAC; or 4) 3 g FOS + 1 x 10(9) cfu LAC. Subjects completed 7-d bowel function forms and 3-d dietary records before collection of fresh stool samples at wk 4, 6 and 8. Statistical analyses were performed on differences from baseline using the General Linear Models procedure of SAS. Fructooligosaccharides decreased fecal ammonia (P = 0.07) and isovalerate (P = 0.12) concentrations at wk 6. At wk 8, FOS tended (P = 0.11) to increase fecal putrescine concentrations. Lactobacillus decreased fecal organic matter percentage at wk 6 (P < 0.05) and 8 (P = 0.07). At wk 6 and 8, LAC increased (P < 0.05) fecal 2-methylindole, total indole, and total indole and phenol concentrations. At wk 8, LAC decreased fecal agmatine (P = 0.08) and phenylethylamine (P < 0.05) concentrations. In conclusion, FOS and LAC modified several metabolites associated with gut health, with FOS tending to be beneficial (decreased fecal protein catabolites) and LAC being negative (increased fecal protein catabolites).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly S Swanson
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA
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Grieshop CM, Flickinger EA, Fahey GC. Oral administration of arabinogalactan affects immune status and fecal microbial populations in dogs. J Nutr 2002; 132:478-82. [PMID: 11880574 DOI: 10.1093/jn/132.3.478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven ileally cannulated dogs were randomly assigned to a control or arabinogalactan (AG) treatments in a 7 x 7 Latin square design to evaluate effects of oral AG administration on nutritional and immunological characteristics. Arabinogalactan treatments included a high (1.65 g/d) and low (0.55 g/d) dose of AG100, AG1000 or AG3000 provided via gelatin capsules. Arabinogalactan forms differed in purification procedures. Each period consisted of a 6-d adaptation followed by a 4-d collection. Blood and fresh fecal samples were collected on d 10 of each period. Fecal score increased (P < 0.02) in dogs supplemented with the low dose of AG1000. Ileal and total tract dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) digestibilities were not affected by treatment. Dogs supplemented with the high dose of AG1000 tended (P = 0.15) to have a higher concentration of total aerobic fecal bacteria than control dogs. Dogs supplemented with the low dose of AG1000 and the high dose of AG3000 had higher concentrations of fecal lactobacilli (P = 0.04) and tended to have higher concentrations of fecal bifidobacteria (P < or =0.16) compared with control dogs. Dogs fed the low dose of AG3000 tended (P = 0.10) to have a lower concentration of fecal Clostridium perfringens compared with control dogs. Arabinogalactan treatments did not affect (P > 0.05) serum immunoglobulin G, M or A concentrations. Specific forms and doses of AG increased white blood cell, neutropil and eosinophil concentrations. Arabinogalactan is a unique dietary fiber that affects the digestive physiology and immunological characteristics of dogs.
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Flickinger EA, Wolf BW, Garleb KA, Chow J, Leyer GJ, Johns PW, Fahey GC. Glucose-based oligosaccharides exhibit different in vitro fermentation patterns and affect in vivo apparent nutrient digestibility and microbial populations in dogs. J Nutr 2000; 130:1267-73. [PMID: 10801928 DOI: 10.1093/jn/130.5.1267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the potential of indigestible oligosaccharides (OS) to serve as "dietary fiber-like" ingredients, it is necessary to determine their extent of indigestibility. In vitro fermentation characteristics of two novel OS, alpha-glucooligosaccharides (GOS) and a maltodextrin-like OS (MD), were compared to those of fructooligosaccharides (FOS), gum arabic (GA), guar gum (GG) and guar hydrolysate (GH). Total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production (micromol/g dry matter) as a result of MD fermentation was higher initially compared with GA (P<0.01), but GA was more extensively fermented at 24 h (P<0.01). Total SCFA production for GOS was similar to that for FOS, GG, GH and GA. In the second experiment, GOS and MD were added at 6% to an enteral formula control diet (Control) and fed to ileal-cannulated dogs in a 3x3 replicated Latin-square design. Ileal digestibility of glucose was lower (P<0.05) and carbohydrate (CHO) numerically lower (P = 0.08) for both GOS and MD compared with the Control. Total tract digestibility of CHO and glucose was lower only for MD (P<0.01) compared with the Control. Total fecal weights were higher (P<0.01) for both GOS and MD treatments. Fecal concentration of bifidobacteria was numerically increased by GOS and MD supplementation (P = 0.13 and 0.23, respectively). Thus, GOS and MD are indigestible yet fermentable OS, and may act as "dietary fiber-like" ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Flickinger
- Division of Nutritional Sciences and Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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FUKUSHIMA Y, LI ST, HARA H, TERADA A, MITSUOKA T. Effect of Follow-Up Formula Containing Bifidobacteria (NAN BF) on Fecal Flora and Fecal Metabolites in Healthy Children. Biosci Microflora 1997. [DOI: 10.12938/bifidus1996.16.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Terada A, Hara H, Sakamoto J, Sato N, Takagi S, Mitsuoka T, Mino R, Hara K, Fujimori I, Yamada T. Effects of dietary supplementation with lactosucrose (4G-beta-D-galactosylsucrose) on cecal flora, cecal metabolites, and performance in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 1994; 73:1663-72. [PMID: 7862605 DOI: 10.3382/ps.0731663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of dietary lactosucrose on cecal flora, cecal metabolites, and performance were studied in eight 20-d-old and eight 62-d-old broiler chickens fed a basal diet (control) or a diet with .15% lactosucrose added. On Day 20 of age, the frequency of occurrence of lecithinase-negative clostridia were decreased (P < .05) by lactosucrose consumption. On Day 62 of age, the numbers of bifidobacteria were increased (P < .05) by lactosucrose consumption, but the counts of lecithinase-positive clostridia, including Clostridium perfringens, bacteriodaceae, and staphylococci, total anaerobic bacteria, and the frequency of occurrence of pseudomonads were decreased (P < .05). No detectable change was observed in counts of other organisms throughout the experimental period. Cecal concentration of ammonia (P < .01), phenol (P < .05), and cresol (P < .05) were decreased on Day 62 of lactosucrose consumption. Acetic acid and butyric acid were increased (P < .01 and P < .05, respectively) on Day 62 of lactosucrose consumption. Environmental ammonia and odor of chicken ceca were greatly reduced by lactosucrose consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Terada
- Department of Food Hygiene, Nippon Veterinary and Animal Science University, Tokyo, Japan
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