Anti-stress effect of the Lactobacillus pentosus strain S-PT84 in mice

Cholesterol-Lowering Activity of Lactiplantibacillus pentosus KS6I1 in High-Cholesterol Diet-Induced Hypercholesterolemic Mice

Hypercholesterolemia is a risk factor of coronary heart disease and cholesterol-lowering probiotics are seen as alternative to drugs for the management of this condition. In the present study, we evaluated the cholesterol-lowering activity of Lactiplantibacillus pentosus KS6I1 in high-cholesterol diet-induced hypercholesterolemic mice. The mice were fed with high-cholesterol diet (HCD) and were divided into three groups: HCD group, KS6I1 group (fed with HCD + 200 μl of 1010 CFU/ml L. pentosus KS6I1), and L.ac group (fed with HCD + 200 μl of 1010 CFU/ml L. acidophilus ATCC 43121 as the positive control). Simultaneously, a normal control diet (NCD) group was maintained. After 6 weeks, the low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and total cholesterol levels were significantly reduced in the blood plasma of KS6I1 group mice. Analysis of liver tissue showed a decrease in total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol and increase in triglyceride levels in KS6I1 compared to those in HCD group. Fecal total cholesterol and total bile acid content was significantly increased in the KS6I1 group than in other groups. Additionally, gene expression analysis showed that LDLR, SREBF2, CYP7A1 genes were significantly upregulated in KS6I1 group compared to the HCD group, while the expression of NPC1L1 gene was significantly reduced in KS6I1 group compared to HCD group. These observations show that the cholesterol-lowering effect of L. pentosus KS6I1 could be attributed to increased excretion of bile acids and cholesterol in the feces of mice. These results indicate that L. pentosus KS6I1 could be developed into a potential probiotic for hypercholesterolemia.

The stress concept in gastroenterology: from Selye to today

More than eighty years after Hans Selye (1907-1982) first developed a concept describing how different types of environmental stressors affect physiological functions and promote disease development (called the "general adaptation syndrome") in 1936, we herein review advances in theoretical, mechanistic, and clinical knowledge in stress research, especially in the area of gastroenterology, and summarize progress and future perspectives arising from an interdisciplinary psychoneurobiological framework in which genetics, epigenetics, and other advanced ( omics) technologies in the last decade continue to refine knowledge about how stress affects the brain-gut axis in health and gastrointestinal disease. We demonstrate that neurobiological stress research continues to be a driving force for scientific progress in gastroenterology and related clinical areas, inspiring translational research from animal models to clinical applications, while highlighting some areas that remain incompletely understood, such as the roles of sex/gender and gut microbiota in health and disease. Future directions of research should include not only the genetics of the stress response and resilience but also epigenetic contributions.