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Han JS, Joung JY, Kim HW, Kim JH, Choi HS, Bae HJ, Jang JH, Oh NS. Enhanced Cholesterol-Lowering and Antioxidant Activities of Soymilk by Fermentation with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum KML06. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 33:1475-1483. [PMID: 37482800 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2306.06036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the cholesterol-lowering and antioxidant activities of soymilk fermented with probiotic Lactobacillaceae strains and to investigate the production of related bioactive compounds. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum KML06 (KML06) was selected for the fermentation of soymilk because it has the highest antioxidant, cholesterol-lowering, and β-glucosidase activities among the 10 Lactobacillaceae strains isolated from kimchi. The genomic information of strain KML06 was analyzed. Moreover, soymilk fermented with KML06 was evaluated for growth kinetics, metabolism, and functional characteristics during the fermentation period. The number of viable cells, which was similar to the results of radical scavenging activities and cholesterol assimilation, as well as the amount of soy isoflavone aglycones, daidzein, and genistein, was the highest at 12 h of fermentation. These results indicate that soymilk fermented with KML06 can prevent oxidative stress and cholesterol-related problems through the production of soy isoflavone aglycones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Seung Han
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yeon Joung
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Wook Kim
- Department of Bio-integrated Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hwan Kim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Su Choi
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Bae
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hun Jang
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Su Oh
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
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Sabarathinam S, Satheesh S, Satish Kumar RC. Physicochemical investigation and molecular docking analysis of Maha yogaraj Guggulu tablet and virtual screening of its major bioactive compound. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-7. [PMID: 37737139 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2261071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Guggulsterone plays a significant role in cholesterol-lowering by inhibiting Farnesoid X Receptor. The present study aims to identify the isomers of Guggulsterone with high binding affinity and good binding interaction with targeted protein and positive control atorvastatin. The pharmacokinetic parameters of Guggulsterone isomers were estimated from P.K.C.S.M. online server, and molecular docking analysis was performed from Autodock V.® 4.2.6 Program. From the computer-aided drug designing, we have confirmed that guggulsterone isomers are inhibitors of the CYP3A4 enzyme and hepatotoxic. Guggulsterone isomer showed a stronger binding affinity when compared with atorvastatin. The docking score for Guggulsterone was -9.28 kcal/mol, E-Guggulsterone -9.56 kcal/mol, Z-Guggulsterone -9.79 kcal/mol, M-Guggulsterone -9.45 kcal/mol, and positive control atorvastatin -8.26 kcal/mol. The present study revealed that the isomers of Guggulsterone have high binding affinity and good binding interaction with targeted proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvesh Sabarathinam
- Drug Testing Laboratory (DT L), Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine (IIISM), SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Clinical Trial Unit, Metabolic Ward, Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine (IIISM), SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sanjana Satheesh
- Department of Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Dubai Campus, Dubai International Academic City, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rajappan Chandra Satish Kumar
- Drug Testing Laboratory (DT L), Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine (IIISM), SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Clinical Trial Unit, Metabolic Ward, Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine (IIISM), SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Puttarat N, Kasorn A, Vitheejongjaroen P, Chantarangkul C, Tangwattanachuleeporn M, Taweechotipatr M. Beneficial Effects of Indigenous Probiotics in High-Cholesterol Diet-Induced Hypercholesterolemic Rats. Nutrients 2023; 15:2710. [PMID: 37375614 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders. Probiotics are the essential constituents of the gastrointestinal microbiota that provide health-promoting effects. Cholesterol-lowering activity is a specific property of probiotics, improving the cholesterol metabolism without adverse effects. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the hypocholesterolemic effect of single and mixed cholesterol-lowering probiotic strains (including Limosilactobacillus reuteri TF-7, Enterococcus faecium TF-18, and Bifidobacterium animalis TA-1) in high-cholesterol diet (HCD)-induced hypercholesterolemic rats. The results showed that the administration of single probiotics contributed to a reduction in the body weight gain, visceral organ indexes, hyperlipidemia, and hepatic steatosis and also an improvement in the gastrointestinal microbiota. Besides the effect of single cholesterol-lowering probiotics, three probiotics strains could also synergize their hypocholesterolemic effect when administered simultaneously. These findings indicate that three cholesterol-lowering probiotic strains are suitable for development as probiotic supplements to reduce the risk of diseases caused by cholesterol and exert health benefits with synergistic effect when administered simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narathip Puttarat
- Center of Excellence in Probiotics, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Anongnard Kasorn
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
| | - Porntipha Vitheejongjaroen
- Center of Excellence in Probiotics, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Chantanapa Chantarangkul
- Center of Excellence in Probiotics, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Marut Tangwattanachuleeporn
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
- Research Unit for Sensor Innovation (RUSI), Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Malai Taweechotipatr
- Center of Excellence in Probiotics, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
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Liu L, Xu Y, Chen F, Zhang S, Li L, Ban Z. Soy proteins as vehicles for enhanced bioaccessibility and cholesterol-lowering activity of phytosterols. J Sci Food Agric 2023; 103:205-212. [PMID: 35866430 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The formulation of phytosterol (PS)-enriched functional foods has attracted increasing interest in the recent years, owing to its potential health effects. However, the poor solubility and bioavailability greatly limit PS application in this regard. This study investigated whether soy protein isolate (SPI) could effectively perform as a nanocarrier for improving the water solubility, bioaccessibility, and cholesterol-lowering activity of PSs. RESULTS In this work, we fabricated SPI-PS nanocomplexes, which not only can enhance the stability and bioaccessibility of PS, but also improve the cholesterol-lowering ability of SPI. This improvement was mainly due to the formation of protein-active substance complexes, through hydrophobic interactions. The complexation with PSs resulted in formation of nanosized particles with greater sizes, lower ζ-potential, and higher surface hydrophobicity. The encapsulation efficiency, loading amount, and solubility of PS were closely related to the applied PS concentration in the mixed dispersions, and the maximal PS solubility in the aqueous phase reached about 1.63 mg mL-1 at the highest PS concentration (2.0 mg mL-1 ). The PS molecules in the nanocomplexes were mainly present in the amorphous form. The enhanced in vitro cholesterol-lowering activity of PS nanocomplexes relative to free PS seemed to be closely related to its higher bioaccessibility. CONCLUSION The findings are of relevance for the development of food-grade PS ingredients suitable for the formulations of PS-enriched functional foods. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Liu
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical and Biological Processing Technology of Farm Products, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanteng Xu
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangyuan Chen
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical and Biological Processing Technology of Farm Products, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical and Biological Processing Technology of Farm Products, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaojun Ban
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical and Biological Processing Technology of Farm Products, Hangzhou, China
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Yuan X, Bao X, Liu X, Li X. Flaxseed-derived peptides ameliorate hepatic cholesterol metabolism in Sprague-Dawley rats fed a high-cholesterol and high-fat diet. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:5348-5357. [PMID: 35318649 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant peptides have been reported to have cholesterol-lowering activities. Previous research has found that ≤1 kDa flaxseed peptide (FP5 ) reduces cholesterol absorption and synthesis in vitro. In this research, we investigated the cholesterol-lowering activity of FP5 in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats fed a high-cholesterol and high-fat diet. In addition, amino acid sequences of FP5 were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-Orbitrap mass spectrometry. RESULTS FP5 supplement significantly decreased the serum and hepatic cholesterol levels and modulated the hepatic gene and protein expression of cholesterol metabolism-related enzymes or regulators (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor (LDLR), Cholesterol 7 α-hydroxylase, Niemann-Pick C1-like 1, ATP-binding cassette transporters G5 and G8). Eleven peptides were identified from FP5 . These peptides were characterized as hydrophobic amino acids such as leucine (L), proline (P), glycine (G), isoleucine (I) and continuous sequences, including LP, LL, LG and II, with low molecular weights. CONCLUSION FP5 has a certain cholesterol-lowering activity in SD rats fed a high-cholesterol and high-fat diet. The possible mechanism for ameliorating hepatic cholesterol metabolism of FP5 includes inhibiting hepatic cholesterol de novo synthesis, promoting the synthesis and excretion of bile acids, and inhibiting the reabsorption of bile acids during enterohepatic circulation. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Yuan
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, PR China
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Xiaolan Bao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Xuexin Li
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, PR China
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Lin P, Chen S, Zhong S. Nutritional and Chemical Composition of Sargassum zhangii and the Physical and Chemical Characterization, Binding Bile Acid, and Cholesterol-Lowering Activity in HepG2 Cells of Its Fucoidans. Foods 2022; 11:foods11121771. [PMID: 35741969 PMCID: PMC9223202 DOI: 10.3390/foods11121771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoidan is a marine sulfated polysaccharide that is rich in Sargassum and has a wide range of biological activities. In this study, the chemical composition and bile acid binding ability of six crude fucoidans were compared, the nutrition and chemical composition of Sargassum zhangii were analyzed, and fucoidan from Sargassum zhangii was extracted and purified. The purified fractions (ZF1, ZF2, and ZF3) were analyzed by physicochemical characterization, and the ability of binding bile acid and cholesterol lowering in HepG2 cells were evaluated. The results showed that the contents of sulfate in crude fucoidan from Sargassum Zhangii (ZF) was as high as13.63%. Its ability of binding bile acid was better than other five crude fucoidans. Sargassum zhangii was a kind of brown seaweed with high carbohydrate, and low fat and rich in minerals. The sulfate content of ZF1, ZF2, and ZF3 was 3.29%, 19.39%, and 18.89% respectively, and the molecular weight (Mw) was 4.026 × 105, 2.893 × 105, and 3.368 × 105, respectively. Three fucoidans all contained the characteristic absorption bands of polysaccharides and sulfate groups and were rich in fucose. Three fucoidans can bind to bile acid, and ZF2 showed the best binding capability. In vitro experiments showed that ZF1, ZF2, and ZF3 could reduce intracellular total cholesterol (TC) content in HepG2 cells without affecting their viability. ZF2 showed the best ability to reduce TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peichun Lin
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China;
| | - Suhua Chen
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-759-239-6026
| | - Siyan Zhong
- School of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China;
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Bao X, Yuan X, Li X, Liu X. Flaxseed-derived peptide, IPPF, inhibits intestinal cholesterol absorption in Caco-2 cells and hepatic cholesterol synthesis in HepG2 cells. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e14031. [PMID: 34893975 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Flaxseed peptides reduced serum cholesterol levels in Sprague-Dawley rats fed with a high-cholesterol diet. However, the mechanism of this action remains unclear. Flaxseed-hydrolyzed proteins were separated through ultrafiltration. The fifth fraction (FP5 , ≤ 1 kDa) had the highest cholesterol micelle solubility inhibition rate (CMSR) of 72.39% among the other fractions. Eleven peptides were identified from FP5 . Ile-Pro-Pro-Phe (IPPF), which had the highest CMSR of 93.47%, was selected for further analyses. IPPF substantially reduced the cholesterol transported content in Caco-2 cells and the total cholesterol content in HepG2 cells. Moreover, IPPF modulated the protein levels of NCP1L1 and ABCG5/8 (cholesterol transporters) in Caco-2 cells and reduced the mRNA levels of Srebp-2 and Hmgcr (cholesterol synthesis enzymes) in HepG2 cells. IPPF inhibits cholesterol intestinal absorption by modulating the cholesterol transporters expression and reduces hepatic cholesterol synthesis by inhibiting the SREBP2-regulated mevalonate pathway. IPPF is a new food-derived cholesterol-lowering nutritional supplement. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: We isolated active peptides with cholesterol-lowering properties from flaxseed protein, a by-product of industrial oil production, which greatly improved the economic and medicinal value of flaxseed protein. According to our research, IPPF can be used as a new food-derived type of cholesterol intestinal absorption inhibitor to reduce dietary cholesterol absorption and cholesterol synthesis inhibitor (same pharmacological mechanism as statins). IPPF provide a nutritional therapy component for hypercholesterolemia and prevent atherosclerosis. Our research provides theoretical basis for development and utilization of new nutritional supplements and plant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Bao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Yuan
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Xuexin Li
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, P. R. China
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Huang W, Chung HY, Xuan W, Wang G, Li Y. The cholesterol-lowering activity of miracle fruit (Synsepalum dulcificum). J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13185. [PMID: 32162705 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Miracle fruit (Synsepalum dulcificum) is famous for its uniqueness of modifying sour taste to sweetness. However, its cholesterol-lowering activity has not been reported. This study investigated the effect of S. dulcificum on the compositional changes of plasma lipids in hamsters fed a high-cholesterol control diet. Six groups of hamsters were fed either a control diet or one of the five experimental diets containing 2% ethanol extract of leaves, 2% water extract of leaves, 2% ethanolic extract of seeds (ES), 2% water extract of seeds, or 2% dry pulp. Results showed that ES decreased the plasma total cholesterol (TC). Two triterpenoids (lupeol acetate and β-amyrin acetate) were isolated from the ES and they added to a diet could decrease TC by 15%-20% in hamsters. It was concluded that ES showed potent TC-lowering activity and triterpenoid was one of the active components of ES. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: In recent years, people are more interested in phytochemicals from functional foods treated for hyperlipidemia because they possessed fewer side effects than the synthetic drugs. The triterpenoids isolated from the miracle fruit may be promising candidates for the development of cholesterol-lowering agent, especially for patients whose blood cholesterol level and body weight are high. Meanwhile, the miracle fruit have a good potential as cholesterol-lowering functional food or a natural source of cholesterol-lowering agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihuan Huang
- Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hau Yin Chung
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Wensheng Xuan
- Guangdong Landfriend Biological Co., Ltd, Jiangmen, China
| | - Guocai Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yaolan Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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