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Garcia-Quintero X, Parra-Lara LG, Claros-Hulbert A, Cuervo-Suarez MI, Gomez-Garcia W, Desbrandes F, Arias-Casais N. Advancing pediatric palliative care in a low-middle income country: an implementation study, a challenging but not impossible task. BMC Palliat Care 2020; 19:170. [PMID: 33158421 PMCID: PMC7648318 DOI: 10.1186/s12904-020-00674-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The disparities in access to pediatric palliative care and pain management in Latin America remains an unaddressed global health issue. Efforts to improve the development of Palliative Care (PC) provision have traditionally targeted services for adults, leaving the pediatric population unaddressed. Examples of such services are scarce and should be portrayed in scientific literature to inform decision-makers and service providers on models of care available to tackle the burden of Pediatric Palliative Care (PPC) in Low-and middle-income countries (LMIC). The purpose of this study is to describe the implementation of a pediatric palliative care program, "Taking Care of You" (TCY), in a tertiary care, university hospital in Cali, Colombia. METHODS A program's database was built with children between 0 to 18 years old and their families, from year 2017 to 2019. Descriptive analysis was carried out to evaluate the impact of the program and service delivery. A theory-based method was directed to describe the PPC program, according to the implementation of self-designed taxonomy, mapping theoretical levels and domains. Clinical outcomes in patients were included in the analysis. RESULTS Since 2017 the program has provided PPC services to 1.965 children. Most of them had an oncologic diagnosis and were referred from hospitalization services (53%). The number of ambulatory patients increased by 80% every trimester between 2017 and 2018. A 50% increase was reported in hospitalization, emergency, and intensive care units during the same time period. CONCLUSIONS The program addressed a gap in the provision of PPC to children in Cali. It shows effective strategies used to implement a PPC program and how the referral times, coordination of care, communication with other hospital services were improved while providing compassionate/holistic care to children with life-limiting and threatening diseases and in end-of-life. The implementation of this program has required the onset of specific strategies and arrangements to promote awareness and education proving it a hard task, yet not impossible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximena Garcia-Quintero
- Fundación Valle del Lili, Department of Pediatric Palliative Care , Cra 98 # 18 -49, Cali, 760032, Colombia.
| | - Luis Gabriel Parra-Lara
- Centro de Investigaciones Clínicas (CIC), Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, 760032, Colombia
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Icesi, Calle 18 #, 122-135, Cali, Colombia
| | - Angelica Claros-Hulbert
- Fundación Valle del Lili, Department of Pediatric Palliative Care , Cra 98 # 18 -49, Cali, 760032, Colombia
- Centro de Investigaciones Clínicas (CIC), Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, 760032, Colombia
| | - Maria Isabel Cuervo-Suarez
- Fundación Valle del Lili, Department of Pediatric Palliative Care , Cra 98 # 18 -49, Cali, 760032, Colombia
| | - Wendy Gomez-Garcia
- Dr. Robert Reid Cabral Children's Hospital, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Francois Desbrandes
- Pediatric Oncology My Child Matters Program, Pediatric Oncology, Lyon, France
| | - Natalia Arias-Casais
- ATLANTES Global Observatory for Palliative Care, Instituto Cultura y Sociedad (ICS), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Namisango E, Bristowe K, Allsop MJ, Murtagh FEM, Abas M, Higginson IJ, Downing J, Harding R. Symptoms and Concerns Among Children and Young People with Life-Limiting and Life-Threatening Conditions: A Systematic Review Highlighting Meaningful Health Outcomes. PATIENT-PATIENT CENTERED OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2018; 12:15-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s40271-018-0333-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Wadunde I, Tuhebwe D, Ediau M, Okure G, Mpimbaza A, Wanyenze RK. Factors associated with adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV infected children in Kabale district, Uganda: a cross sectional study. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:466. [PMID: 30001748 PMCID: PMC6043986 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3575-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study was set out to assess the level of adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and its determinants among children receiving HIV treatment in Kabale district, south western Uganda, in order to inform interventions for improving pediatric ART adherence. Results Overall, 79% (121/153) of the children did not miss ART doses over the 7 days. Caregiver forgetfulness was the major reason for missing ART doses, 37% (13/35). Other reasons included transportation costs to the health facilities, 17%, (6/35) and children sitting for examinations in schools. Older children (11–14 years) were more likely to adhere to ART than the younger ones (0–10 years) (AOR = 6.41, 95% CI 1.31–31.42). Caregivers, who knew their HIV status, had their children more adherent to ART than the caregivers of unknown HIV status (AOR = 21.64: 95% CI 1.09–428.28). A significant proportion of children in two facilities 21.5% (32/153) missed ART doses within the previous week. Support for providers to identify clues or reminders to take drugs, extending HIV testing to caregivers and innovative models of ART delivery that alleviate transport costs to caregivers and allow sufficient drugs for children in school could enhance drug adherence among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignatius Wadunde
- Department of Health Policy, Planning and Management, Makerere University College of Health Sciences School of Public Health, P.O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Doreen Tuhebwe
- Department of Health Policy, Planning and Management, Makerere University College of Health Sciences School of Public Health, P.O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Michael Ediau
- Department of Health Policy, Planning and Management, Makerere University College of Health Sciences School of Public Health, P.O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Gildo Okure
- Department of Health Policy, Planning and Management, Makerere University College of Health Sciences School of Public Health, P.O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Arthur Mpimbaza
- Child Health and Development Centre, Makerere University College of Health Sciences School of Medicine, P.O. Box 6717, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Rhoda K Wanyenze
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences School of Public Health, P.O Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
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Paediatric Palliative Care in Resource-Poor Countries. CHILDREN-BASEL 2018; 5:children5020027. [PMID: 29463065 PMCID: PMC5835996 DOI: 10.3390/children5020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There is a great need for paediatric palliative care (PPC) services globally, but access to services is lacking in many parts of the world, particularly in resource-poor settings. Globally it is estimated that 21.6 million children need access to palliative care, with 8.2 needing specialist services. PC has been identified as important within the global health agenda e.g., within universal health coverage, and a recent Lancet commission report recognised the need for PPC. However, a variety of challenges have been identified to PPC development globally such as: access to treatment, access to medications such as oral morphine, opiophobia, a lack of trained health and social care professionals, a lack of PPC policies and a lack of awareness about PPC. These challenges can be overcome utilising a variety of strategies including advocacy and public awareness, education, access to medications, implementation and research. Examples will be discussed impacting on the provision of PPC in resource-poor settings. High-quality PPC service provision can be provided with resource-poor settings, and there is an urgent need to scale up affordable, accessible, and quality PPC services globally to ensure that all children needing palliative care can access it.
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Marston J, Boucher S, Downing J. International Children's Palliative Care Network: A Global Action Network for Children With Life-Limiting Conditions. J Pain Symptom Manage 2018; 55:S104-S111. [PMID: 28800998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2017.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The International Children's Palliative Care Network (ICPCN) is a global network of individuals and organizations working together to reach the estimated 21 million children with life-limiting conditions and life-threatening illnesses. The drive to establish the ICPCN was born from the recognition of the gaps in service provision for children's palliative care and the need to collaborate, network, and share resources. Established in 2005 during a meeting in Seoul, South Korea, the ICPCN has developed over the years into an established network with a global membership. The history of the organization is described, including some of the key events since its inception. Working in collaboration with others, ICPCN has five key focus areas: Communication; Advocacy; Research; Education; and Strategic development, and is the only international charity working globally for the rights of children with palliative care needs. Activities in these areas are discussed, along with the inter-connection between the five areas. Without the ICPCN, palliative care for children would not have developed as far as it has over the years and the organization is committed to ongoing work in this area until all children requiring palliative care have access to quality services, wherever they live around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Marston
- International Children's Palliative Care Network, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Sue Boucher
- International Children's Palliative Care Network, Assagay, South Africa
| | - Julia Downing
- International Children's Palliative Care Network, Kampala, Uganda.
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Sasaki H, Bouesseau MC, Marston J, Mori R. A scoping review of palliative care for children in low- and middle-income countries. BMC Palliat Care 2017; 16:60. [PMID: 29178866 PMCID: PMC5702244 DOI: 10.1186/s12904-017-0242-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ninety-eight percent of children needing palliative care live in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and almost half of them live in Africa. In contrast to the abundance of data on populations in high income countries, the current data on populations in LMICs is woefully inadequate. This study aims to identify and summarize the published literature on the need, accessibility, quality, and models for palliative care for children in LMICs. METHODS A scoping review was performed following the method of Arksey and O'Malley. Systematic searches were conducted on PubMed and Google Scholar using the main keywords, 'children AND palliative care OR terminal care OR hospice OR end of life AND developing countries OR LMICs.' Additional publications were obtained by handsearching. Papers were only included if they reported on the need, accessibility, quality, and models for palliative care for children in LMICs. RESULTS Fifteen papers met the inclusion criteria for review. Of these, 10 assessed need, seven examined availability and/or accessibility, one assessed quality, and one examined the models. We found an urgent need for palliative care, particularly in the training for health workers and improving poor availability and/or accessibility to palliative care in terms of factors such as medication and bereavement support. The best practice models demonstrated feasibility and sustainability through cooperation with governments and community organizations. The quality of pain management and emotional support was lower in LMICs compared to HICs. CONCLUSION Although we found limited evidence in this review, we identified common challenges such as the need for further training for health workers and greater availability of opioid analgesics. While efforts to change the current systems and laws applying to children in LMICs are important, we should also tackle underlying factors including the need to raise awareness about palliative care in public health and improve the accuracy of data collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatoko Sasaki
- Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-8535 Japan
| | - Marie-Charlotte Bouesseau
- Service Delivery and Safety, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211, 27 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joan Marston
- International Children’s Palliative Care Network, 2 Langenhoven Street, Dan Pienaar, Bloemfontein, 9301 South Africa
| | - Rintaro Mori
- Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-8535 Japan
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Downing J, Kiman R, Boucher S, Nkosi B, Steel B, Marston C, Lascar E, Marston J. Children's palliative care now! Highlights from the second ICPCN conference on children's palliative care, 18-21 May 2016, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Ecancermedicalscience 2016; 10:667. [PMID: 27610193 PMCID: PMC5014554 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2016.667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The International Children's Palliative Care Network held its second international conference on children's palliative care in Buenos Aires, Argentina, from the 18th-21st May 2016. The theme of the conference was 'Children's Palliative Care…. Now!' emphasising the need for palliative care for children now, as the future will be too late for many of them. Six pre-conference workshops were held, addressing issues connected to pain assessment and management, adolescent palliative care, ethics and decision-making, developing programmes, the basics of children's palliative care, and hidden aspects of children's palliative care. The conference brought together 410 participants from 40 countries. Plenary, concurrent, and poster presentations covered issues around the status of children's palliative care, genetics, perinatal and neonatal palliative care, the impact of children's palliative care and the experiences of parents and volunteers, palliative care as a human right, education in children's palliative care, managing complex pain in children, spiritual care and when to initiate palliative care. The 'Big Debate' explored issues around decision-making and end of life care in children, and gave participants the opportunity to explore a sensitive and thought provoking topic. At the end of the conference, delegates were urged to sign the Commitment of Buenos Aires which called for governments to implement the WHA resolution and ensure access to palliative care for neonates, children and their families, and also commits us as palliative care providers to share all that we can and collaborate with each other to achieve the global vision of palliative care for all children who need it. The conference highlighted the ongoing issues in children's palliative care and participants were continually challenged to ensure that children can access palliative care NOW.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Downing
- International Children's Palliative Care Network, New Bond House, Bond Street, Bristol, UK; Palliative Care, Makerere University, PO Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - R Kiman
- Paediatric Palliative Care, Hospital Nacional Prof A Posadas, Av Pres Arturo U Illia, Villa Sarmiento, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Boucher
- International Children's Palliative Care Network, Cluster Box 3050, Assagay, 3624, South Africa
| | - B Nkosi
- International Children's Palliative Care Network, Cluster Box 3050, Assagay, 3624, South Africa
| | - B Steel
- International Children's Palliative Care Network, Cluster Box 3050, Assagay, 3624, South Africa
| | - C Marston
- International Children's Palliative Care Network, Cluster Box 3050, Assagay, 3624, South Africa
| | - E Lascar
- Hospital de Niños Dr Ricardo Gutiérrez, C1425EFD Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Marston
- International Children's Palliative Care Network, Cluster Box 3050, Assagay, 3624, South Africa
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Quinn C, Hillis R. Findings from a Clinical Learning Needs Survey at Ireland's first children's hospice. Int J Palliat Nurs 2015; 21:596-601. [PMID: 26707488 DOI: 10.12968/ijpn.2015.21.12.596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Caring for children with life-limiting conditions places exceptional demands on health professionals. Staff require the optimal skills and expertise necessary to provide the highest quality of care and to achieve this it is essential to understand their learning requirements. AIM The aim is to share the main findings from a Clinical Learning Needs Survey conducted at LauraLynn, currently Ireland's only children's hospice. To date no other Irish service has conducted a formal identification of professional learning and development needs specific to the Irish context. The findings from the study assist workforce planning by providing a glimpse into the immediate study needs of staff working in a children's palliative care setting. The study had two main aims: a) Assist clinical staff within one organisation to identify their own professional learning priorities in children's palliative care and b) Inform the design and delivery of a responsive suite of workshops, programmes and study sessions for children's palliative care. RESULTS The study identified the key learning needs as end-of-life care, palliative emergencies, communication skill development and bereavement support. CONCLUSION These findings are similar to those found internationally and demonstrate the commitment of a new organisation to ensure that specific employee learning requirements are met if the organisation and wider specialty of Irish children's palliative care is to continue its evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Quinn
- Head of Research, LauraLynn, Children's Hospice, Dublin Ireland/Honorary Lecturer, National University of Ireland, Galway
| | - Rowan Hillis
- Research and Data Officer, Laura Lynn, Ireland's Children's Hospice, Dublin, Ireland
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Carter B, Edwards M, Hunt A. 'Being a presence': The ways in which family support workers encompass, embrace, befriend, accompany and endure with families of life-limited children. J Child Health Care 2015; 19:304-19. [PMID: 24459101 DOI: 10.1177/1367493513516391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Children with life-limiting and disabling conditions are surviving longer than previously, and many require palliative and supportive care, usually at home. Home-based care can put family life under considerable strain, as parents care for their child's complex, often unpredictable, continuing care needs. Rainbow Trust Children's Charity aims to bridge gaps in services for children with life-threatening or terminal conditions by providing family support workers (FSWs). The study used a range of methods (surveys, interviews and ethnographic observation) approach to explore key aspects of the work of the FSWs. The target population for the surveys was families with a child having complex, life-threatening or terminal conditions receiving care from FSWs. The participants included 55 families (12 bereaved) and 39 children aged 2-18 years. Thematic analysis revealed how the FSWs became a presence in families' lives in three main ways: (1) encompassing and embracing families through supporting needs and promoting resilience; (2) befriending and bonding through developing knowledge, trusting relationships and a sense of closeness; and (3) accompanying and enduring by 'being with' families in different settings, situations and crises and by enduring alongside the families. The study demonstrated the fundamental importance of workers who are able to provide aspects of support that is usually not provided by other services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernie Carter
- University of Central Lancashire, UK; Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Maria Edwards
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Anne Hunt
- University of Central Lancashire, UK
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Rodriguez A, King N. Sharing the care: the key-working experiences of professionals and the parents of life-limited children. Int J Palliat Nurs 2014; 20:165-71. [PMID: 24763324 DOI: 10.12968/ijpn.2014.20.4.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To explore the lived experience of caring and care planning for a child with a life-limiting condition (LLC). METHOD Using van Manen's conceptualisation of hermeneutic phenomenology, three focus groups were conducted with 21 paediatric palliative care professionals, and interviews were conducted with 20 parents of children with LLCs. FINDINGS Parents' expectations for support were raised by the diagnosis, but the reality could disappoint, which put pressures on professionals. Current service designs with respect to key working did not always coincide with family preferences. Both parents and professionals found that the care journey required them to shift personas to respond to different contexts. CONCLUSIONS The findings are limited by the sample characteristics, but they provide insight for current policy and practice initiatives. The key worker needs to be mindful of historical care arrangements and be prepared to step into the family 'team' arrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Rodriguez
- Senior Lecturer in Psychology, University of Huddersfield, Ramsden Building, Queensgate, Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, HD1 3DH, England
| | - Nigel King
- Professor in Applied Psychology and Director of the Centre for Applied Psychological Research, Department of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Ramsden Building, Queensgate, Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, HD1 3DH, England
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Downing J, Fowler-Kerry S, Boucher S. Paediatric palliative care professionals congregate in Rome. Int J Palliat Nurs 2013. [DOI: 10.12968/ijpn.2013.19.1.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Downing
- International Children’s Palliative Care Network (ICPCN), and Makerere University, Uganda
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