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Chen N, Ren R, Wei X, Mukundan R, Li G, Xu X, Zhao G, Zhao Z, Lele SM, Reinhardt RA, Wang D. Thermoresponsive Hydrogel-Based Local Delivery of Simvastatin for the Treatment of Periodontitis. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:1992-2003. [PMID: 33754729 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c01196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Except for routine scaling and root planing, there are few effective nonsurgical therapeutic interventions for periodontitis and associated alveolar bone loss. Simvastatin (SIM), one of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-cosenzyme A reductase inhibitors, which is known for its capacity as a lipid-lowering medication, has been proven to be an effective anti-inflammatory and bone anabolic agent that has shown promising benefits in mitigating periodontal bone loss. The local delivery of SIM into the periodontal pocket, however, has been challenging due to SIM's poor water solubility and its lack of osteotropicity. To overcome these issues, we report a novel SIM formulation of a thermoresponsive, osteotropic, injectable hydrogel (PF127) based on pyrophosphorolated pluronic F127 (F127-PPi). After mixing F127-PPi with F127 at a 1:1 ratio, the resulting PF127 was used to dissolve free SIM to generate the SIM-loaded formulation. The thermoresponsive hydrogel's rheologic behavior, erosion and SIM release kinetics, osteotropic property, and biocompatibility were evaluated in vitro. The therapeutic efficacy of SIM-loaded PF127 hydrogel on periodontal bone preservation and inflammation resolution was validated in a ligature-induced periodontitis rat model. Given that SIM is already an approved medication for hyperlipidemia, the data presented here support the translational potential of the SIM-loaded PF127 hydrogel for better clinical management of periodontitis and associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningrong Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986125 Nebraska Medical Center, PDD 3020, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6125, United States
| | - Rongguo Ren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986125 Nebraska Medical Center, PDD 3020, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6125, United States
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986125 Nebraska Medical Center, PDD 3020, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6125, United States
| | - Roshni Mukundan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986125 Nebraska Medical Center, PDD 3020, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6125, United States
| | - Guojuan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986125 Nebraska Medical Center, PDD 3020, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6125, United States
| | - Xiaoke Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986125 Nebraska Medical Center, PDD 3020, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6125, United States
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986125 Nebraska Medical Center, PDD 3020, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6125, United States
| | - Zhifeng Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986125 Nebraska Medical Center, PDD 3020, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6125, United States
| | - Subodh M Lele
- Department of Pathology & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Richard A Reinhardt
- Department of Surgical Specialties, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583, United States
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986125 Nebraska Medical Center, PDD 3020, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6125, United States
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Almoshari Y, Ren R, Zhang H, Jia Z, Wei X, Chen N, Li G, Ryu S, Lele SM, Reinhardt RA, Wang D. GSK3 inhibitor-loaded osteotropic Pluronic hydrogel effectively mitigates periodontal tissue damage associated with experimental periodontitis. Biomaterials 2020; 261:120293. [PMID: 32877763 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by complex interactions between the host immune system and pathogens that affect the integrity of periodontium. To prevent disease progression and thus preserve alveolar bone structure, simultaneous anti-inflammatory and osteogenic intervention are essential. Hence, a glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta inhibitor (BIO) was selected as a potent inflammation modulator and osteogenic agent to achieve this treatment objective. BIO's lack of osteotropicity, poor water solubility, and potential long-term systemic side effects, however, have hampered its clinical applications. To address these limitations, pyrophosphorylated Pluronic F127 (F127-PPi) was synthesized and mixed with regular F127 to prepare an injectable and thermoresponsive hydrogel formulation (PF127) of BIO, which could adhere to hard tissue and gradually release BIO to exert its therapeutic effects locally. Comparing to F127 hydrogel, PF127 hydrogels exhibited stronger binding to hydroxyapatite (HA). Additionally, BIO's solubility in PF127 solution was dramatically improved over F127 solution and the improvement was proportional to the polymer concentration. When evaluated on a rat model of periodontitis, PF127-BIO hydrogel treatment was found to be very effective in preserving alveolar bone and ligament, and preventing periodontal inflammation, as shown by the micro-CT and histological data, respectively. Altogether, these findings suggested that the thermoresponsive PF127 hydrogel is an effective local drug delivery system for better clinical management of periodontitis and associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosif Almoshari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rongguo Ren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Haipeng Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Zhenshan Jia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Ningrong Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Guojuan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Sangjin Ryu
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA; Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Subodh M Lele
- Department of Pathology & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Richard A Reinhardt
- Department of Surgical Specialties, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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Wang X, Jia Z, Almoshari Y, Lele SM, Reinhardt RA, Wang D. Local Application of Pyrophosphorylated Simvastatin Prevents Experimental Periodontitis. Pharm Res 2018; 35:164. [PMID: 29943090 PMCID: PMC7424626 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2444-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Simvastatin (SIM), a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor widely prescribed for hypercholesterolemia, has been reported to ameliorate inflammation and promote osteogenesis. Its clinical applications on these potential secondary indications, however, have been hampered by its lack of osteotropicity and poor water solubility. To address this challenge, we propose to design and evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of a novel simvastatin prodrug with better water solubility and bone affinity. METHOD The prodrug (SIM-PPi) was synthesized by directly conjugating a SIM trimer to a pyrophosphate (PPi). It was characterized and evaluated in vitro for its water solubility, osteotropicity, toxicity, anti-inflammatory and osteoinductive properties. It was then tested for anti-inflammatory and osteoinductive properties in vivo by three weekly injections into gingiva of a ligature-induced experimental periodontitis rat model. RESULTS In vitro studies showed that SIM-PPi has greatly improved water-solubility of SIM and shows strong binding to hydroxyapatite (HA). In macrophage culture, SIM-PPi inhibited LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6). In osteoblast culture, it was found to significantly increase alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity with accelerated mineral deposition, confirming the osteogenic potential of SIM-PPi. When tested in vivo on an experimental periodontal bone-loss model, SIM-PPi exhibited a superior prophylactic effect compared to dose equivalent SIM in reducing inflammatory cells and in preserving alveolar bone structure, as shown in the histological and micro-CT data. CONCLUSION SIM-PPi may have the potential to be further developed for better clinical management of bone loss associated with periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobei Wang
- The Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198-6125, USA
| | - Zhenshan Jia
- The Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198-6125, USA
| | - Yosif Almoshari
- The Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198-6125, USA
- The Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Subodh M Lele
- The Department of Pathology & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 6819-3135, USA
| | - Richard A Reinhardt
- The Department of Surgical Specialties, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68583-0740, USA
| | - Dong Wang
- The Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198-6125, USA.
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Courbon G, Cleret D, Linossier MT, Vico L, Marotte H. Early Subchondral Bone Loss at Arthritis Onset Predicted Late Arthritis Severity in a Rat Arthritis Model. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:1318-1325. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Courbon
- SAINBIOSE, INSERM U1059, LBTO; Saint-Etienne France
- University of Lyon; Saint-Etienne France
| | - Damien Cleret
- SAINBIOSE, INSERM U1059, LBTO; Saint-Etienne France
- University of Lyon; Saint-Etienne France
| | | | - Laurence Vico
- SAINBIOSE, INSERM U1059, LBTO; Saint-Etienne France
- University of Lyon; Saint-Etienne France
| | - Hubert Marotte
- SAINBIOSE, INSERM U1059, LBTO; Saint-Etienne France
- University of Lyon; Saint-Etienne France
- Rheumatology Department; University Hospital of Saint-Etienne; Saint-Etienne France
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Fossey S, Vahle J, Long P, Schelling S, Ernst H, Boyce RW, Jolette J, Bolon B, Bendele A, Rinke M, Healy L, High W, Roth DR, Boyle M, Leininger J. Nonproliferative and Proliferative Lesions of the Rat and Mouse Skeletal Tissues (Bones, Joints, and Teeth). J Toxicol Pathol 2016; 29:49S-103S. [PMID: 27621538 PMCID: PMC5013709 DOI: 10.1293/tox.29.3s-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The INHAND (International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria for Lesions in Rats and Mice) Project (www.toxpath.org/inhand.asp) is an initiative of the Societies of Toxicological Pathology from Europe (ESTP), Great Britain (BSTP), Japan (JSTP) and North America (STP) to develop an internationally accepted nomenclature for proliferative and nonproliferative lesions in laboratory animals. The purpose of this publication is to provide a standardized nomenclature for classifying microscopic lesions observed in the skeletal tissues and teeth of laboratory rats and mice, with color photomicrographs illustrating examples of many common lesions. The standardized nomenclature presented in this document is also available on the internet (http://www.goreni.org/). Sources of material were databases from government, academic and industrial laboratories throughout the world.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Vahle
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Scott Schelling
- Pfizer Inc., Andover, MA, USA
- Dr. Schelling retired April 2015
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Laura Healy
- LNH Tox Path Consulting, LLC, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Wanda High
- WB High Preclin Path/Tox Consulting, LLC, Rochester, NY,
USA
| | | | | | - Joel Leininger
- JRL Consulting, LLC, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Chair of the Skeletal Tissues INHAND Committee
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Bolon B, Campagnuolo G, Zhu L, Duryea D, Zack D, Feige U. Interleukin-1β and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Produce Distinct, Time-dependent Patterns of Acute Arthritis in the Rat Knee. Vet Pathol 2016; 41:235-43. [PMID: 15133172 DOI: 10.1354/vp.41-3-235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) synergistically induce and sustain arthritis. Two competing hypotheses of arthritis induction are 1) that TNF preferentially mediates inflammation, whereas IL-1 impels bone destruction, or 2) that either cytokine controls the entire process. In this study, these propositions were tested in two experiments by instilling IL-1β or TNF-α into one knee of Lewis rats ( n = 6/group) to incite arthritis, after which semiquantitative scores for inflammation, bone resorption, osteoclasts, and cartilage integrity were acquired. In the induction study, IL-1β or TNF-α (3, 10, or 30 μg) was given once to incite arthritis. After 2 days, IL-1β induced significant, dose-dependent increases in inflammation (mild to marked), bone resorption (minimal to moderate), and osteoclasts (minimal to moderate). In contrast, TNF-α induced minimal to mild inflammation but had little impact on resorption or osteoclasts. Both IL-1 and TNF (≥10 μg) yielded mild cartilage degeneration. Most lesion scores in TNF-treated rats were significantly lower than those in animals given the same dose of IL-1β. In the persistence study, rats were injected once with IL-1 or TNF (10 μg) and maintained for 2, 3, or 7 days. IL-1β significantly enhanced inflammation (all 3 days), bone resorption (days 2 and 3), osteoclasts (days 2 and 3), and cartilage matrix loss (days 2 and 3), whereas TNF-α augmented inflammation (days 2 and 3) and cartilage degeneration (day 2) but not bone resorption or osteoclasts. Thus, both IL-1β and TNF-α can launch inflammation, but IL-1β drives skeletal destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bolon
- Department of Pathology, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, M/S 29-M-B, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320-1799, USA
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Methods for Testing Immunological Factors. DRUG DISCOVERY AND EVALUATION: PHARMACOLOGICAL ASSAYS 2016. [PMCID: PMC7122208 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-05392-9_45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Hypersensitivity reactions can be elicited by various factors: either immunologically induced, i.e., allergic reactions to natural or synthetic compounds mediated by IgE, or non-immunologically induced, i.e., activation of mediator release from cells through direct contact, without the induction of, or the mediation through immune responses. Mediators responsible for hypersensitivity reactions are released from mast cells. An important preformed mediator of allergic reactions found in these cells is histamine. Specific allergens or the calcium ionophore 48/80 induce release of histamine from mast cells. The histamine concentration can be determined with the o-phthalaldehyde reaction.
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Chen X, Lu J, An M, Ma Z, Zong H, Yang J. Anti-inflammatory effect of resveratrol on adjuvant arthritis rats with abnormal immunological function via the reduction of cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin E2. Mol Med Rep 2014; 9:2592-8. [PMID: 24676467 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease with unknown etiology. The present study investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of resveratrol on rats with adjuvant arthritis (AA) with abnormal immunological function via the reduction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). AA model rats were established by injection of complete Freund's adjuvant and alterations in the rats secondary paw swelling and the polyarthritic scores were observed. Pathological examination of joint tissues was observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The proliferation of spleen cells was examined using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2‑yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay in vitro. The protein expression of COX-2 in the synovial tissues was detected by western blotting. The level of PGE2 in the serum was assayed using an ELISA kit. The results demonstrated that resveratrol (10 or 50 mg/kg) was able to significantly reduce paw swelling and decrease the arthritis scores. Compared with the AA model rats, a significant reduction in the proliferation of concanavalin A-stimulated spleen cells was observed, articular cartilage degeneration with synovial hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration was suppressed and the production of COX-2 and PGE2 in AA rats was reduced by treatment with resveratrol. These results suggest that resveratrol has significant anti-inflammatory effects on AA rats, which may be associated with the reduction of COX-2 and PGE2 inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Jinseng Lu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Mei An
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Zhongfei Ma
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Hexiang Zong
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
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Rodent preclinical models for developing novel antiarthritic molecules: comparative biology and preferred methods for evaluating efficacy. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2011:569068. [PMID: 21253435 PMCID: PMC3022224 DOI: 10.1155/2011/569068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Rodent models of immune-mediated arthritis (RMIA) are the conventional approach to evaluating mechanisms of inflammatory joint disease and the comparative efficacy of antiarthritic agents. Rat adjuvant-induced (AIA), collagen-induced (CIA), and streptococcal cell wall-induced (SCW) arthritides are preferred models of the joint pathology that occurs in human rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Lesions of AIA are most severe and consistent; structural and immunological changes of CIA best resemble RA. Lesion extent and severity in RMIA depends on experimental methodology (inciting agent, adjuvant, etc.) and individual physiologic parameters (age, genetics, hormonal status, etc.). The effectiveness of antiarthritic molecules varies with the agent, therapeutic regimen, and choice of RMIA. All RMIA are driven by overactivity of proinflammatory pathways, but the dominant molecules differ among the models. Hence, as with the human clinical experience, the efficacy of various antiarthritic molecules differs among RMIA, especially when the agent is a specific cytokine inhibitor.
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10
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Fernando WA, Leininger E, Simkin J, Li N, Malcom CA, Sathyamoorthi S, Han M, Muneoka K. Wound healing and blastema formation in regenerating digit tips of adult mice. Dev Biol 2010; 350:301-10. [PMID: 21145316 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Revised: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Amputation of the distal region of the terminal phalanx of mice causes an initial wound healing response followed by blastema formation and the regeneration of the digit tip. Thus far, most regeneration studies have focused in embryonic or neonatal models and few studies have examined adult digit regeneration. Here we report on studies that include morphological, immunohistological, and volumetric analyses of adult digit regeneration stages. The regenerated digit is grossly similar to the original, but is not a perfect replacement. Re-differentiation of the digit tip occurs by intramembranous ossification forming a trabecular bone network that replaces the amputated cortical bone. The digit blastema is comprised of proliferating cells that express vimentin, a general mesenchymal marker, and by comparison to mature tissues, contains fewer endothelial cells indicative of reduced vascularity. The majority of blastemal cells expressing the stem cell marker SCA-1, also co-express the endothelial marker CD31, suggesting the presence of endothelial progenitor cells. Epidermal closure during wound healing is very slow and is characterized by a failure of the wound epidermis to close across amputated bone. Instead, the wound healing phase is associated with an osteoclast response that degrades the stump bone allowing the wound epidermis to undercut the distal bone resulting in a novel re-amputation response. Thus, the regeneration process initiates from a level that is proximal to the original plane of amputation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warnakulasuriya Akash Fernando
- Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
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Schett G, Stolina M, Dwyer D, Zack D, Uderhardt S, Krönke G, Kostenuik P, Feige U. Tumor necrosis factor α and RANKL blockade cannot halt bony spur formation in experimental inflammatory arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 60:2644-54. [DOI: 10.1002/art.24767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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12
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The Evolving Systemic and Local Biomarker Milieu at Different Stages of Disease Progression in Rat Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis. J Clin Immunol 2008; 29:158-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s10875-008-9238-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2008] [Accepted: 08/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Randis TM, Puri KD, Zhou H, Diacovo TG. Role of PI3Kdelta and PI3Kgamma in inflammatory arthritis and tissue localization of neutrophils. Eur J Immunol 2008; 38:1215-24. [PMID: 18412166 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200838266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The p110delta isoform of class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) plays a major role in B cell receptor signaling, while its p110gamma counterpart is thought to predominate in leukocyte chemotaxis. Consequently, emphasis has been placed on developing PI3Kgamma selective inhibitors to treat disease states that result from inappropriate tissue accumulation of leukocytes. We now demonstrate that PI3Kdelta blockade is effective in treating an autoimmune disorder in which neutrophil infiltration is required for tissue injury. Using the K/BxN serum transfer model of arthritis, in which neutrophils and leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)) participate, we show that genetic deletion or selective inhibition of PI3Kdelta diminishes joint erosion to a level comparable to its PI3Kgamma counterpart. Moreover, the induction and progression of joint destruction was profoundly reduced in the absence of both PI3K isoforms and correlated with a limited ability of neutrophils to migrate into tissue in response to LTB(4). However, the dynamic interplay between these isoforms is not pervasive, as fMLP-induced neutrophil extravasation was primarily reliant on PI3Kgamma. Our results not only demonstrate that blockade of PI3Kdelta has potential therapeutic value in the treatment of chronic inflammatory conditions, but also provide evidence that dual inhibition of these lipid kinases may yield superior clinical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara M Randis
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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14
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Abstract
Collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) is a simple mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis that can be used to address questions of pathogenic mechanisms and to screen candidate therapeutic agents. Arthritis is stimulated by the administration of a cocktail of monoclonal antibodies that are directed to conserved auto-antigenic epitopes in collagen type II, followed by endotoxin. The antibody-induced arthritis model offers several key advantages over the classic collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model. These include rapid disease onset, high uptake rate, synchronicity, and the capacity to use genetically modified mice, such as transgenics and knockouts. This protocol takes 1-2 weeks to be completed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levon M Khachigian
- Centre for Vascular Research, Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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15
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Fahmy RG, Waldman A, Zhang G, Mitchell A, Tedla N, Cai H, Geczy CR, Chesterman CN, Perry M, Khachigian LM. Suppression of vascular permeability and inflammation by targeting of the transcription factor c-Jun. Nat Biotechnol 2006; 24:856-63. [PMID: 16823369 DOI: 10.1038/nbt1225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2006] [Accepted: 05/26/2006] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Conventional anti-inflammatory strategies induce multiple side effects, highlighting the need for novel targeted therapies. Here we show that knockdown of the basic-region leucine zipper protein, c-Jun, by a catalytic DNA molecule, Dz13, suppresses vascular permeability and transendothelial emigration of leukocytes in murine models of vascular permeability, inflammation, acute inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis. Treatment with Dz13 reduced vascular permeability due to cutaneous anaphylactic challenge or VEGF administration in mice. Dz13 also abrogated monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion in vitro and abolished leukocyte rolling, adhesion and extravasation in a rat model of inflammation. Dz13 suppressed neutrophil infiltration in the lungs of mice challenged with endotoxin, a model of acute inflammation. Finally, Dz13 reduced joint swelling, inflammatory cell infiltration and bone erosion in a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis. Mechanistic studies showed that Dz13 blocks cytokine-inducible endothelial c-Jun, E-selectin, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and VE-cadherin expression but has no effect on JAM-1, PECAM-1, p-JNK-1 or c-Fos. These findings implicate c-Jun as a useful target for anti-inflammatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger G Fahmy
- Centre for Vascular Research, University of New South Wales, and Department of Haematology, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney NSW 2031, Australia
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Stolina M, Adamu S, Ominsky M, Dwyer D, Asuncion F, Geng Z, Middleton S, Brown H, Pretorius J, Schett G, Bolon B, Feige U, Zack D, Kostenuik PJ. RANKL is a marker and mediator of local and systemic bone loss in two rat models of inflammatory arthritis. J Bone Miner Res 2005; 20:1756-65. [PMID: 16160733 DOI: 10.1359/jbmr.050601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2005] [Revised: 05/16/2005] [Accepted: 06/02/2005] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED RANKL is an essential mediator of bone erosions, but the role of RANKL in systemic bone loss had not been studied in arthritis. RANKL protein was increased in rat joint extracts and serum at the earliest stages of arthritis. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) treatment reversed local and systemic bone loss, suggesting that RANKL is both a marker and mediator of bone loss in arthritis. INTRODUCTION RANKL is well established as an essential mediator of bone erosions in inflammatory arthritis, but the role of RANKL in systemic bone loss in arthritis had not been studied. We hypothesized that serum RANKL could serve as both a mediator and as a novel biomarker for local and systemic bone loss in arthritis. We challenged this hypothesis in two established rat models of inflammatory arthritis. We sought to determine whether serum RANKL was elevated early in disease progression and whether RANKL suppression could prevent both local and systemic bone loss in these models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Detailed time-course studies were conducted in animals with collagen-induced (CIA) or adjuvant-induced (AIA) arthritis to evaluate the onset and progression of inflammation (paw swelling), bone erosions, osteoclast numbers, and RANKL protein levels in arthritic joints and in serum. Additional CIA and AIA rats (n=8/group) received placebo (PBS) or recombinant OPG (3 mg/kg three times weekly) for 10 days beginning 4 days after disease onset (first macroscopic evidence of hind paw erythema and edema) to assess the role of RANKL in local and systemic bone loss. RESULTS RANKL protein was significantly elevated in the joints and serum of CIA and AIA rats within 1-2 days of disease onset. Increased RANKL levels were associated with local (hind paw) and systemic (vertebral) osteopenia in both models. The RANKL inhibitor OPG prevented local and systemic osteopenia in both models of established disease. CONCLUSIONS RANKL protein is significantly increased both locally and systemically during the earliest stages of inflammatory arthritis in rats, suggesting that serum RANKL might have prognostic value for bone erosions and systemic osteopenia in this condition. RANKL inhibition through OPG prevented local and systemic bone loss in these arthritis models, suggesting that RANKL inhibition is a promising new approach for treating bone loss in arthritis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arthritis, Experimental/blood
- Arthritis, Experimental/complications
- Arthritis, Experimental/drug therapy
- Biomarkers/blood
- Bone Diseases, Metabolic/blood
- Bone Diseases, Metabolic/drug therapy
- Bone Diseases, Metabolic/etiology
- Carrier Proteins/blood
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Glycoproteins/administration & dosage
- Inflammation/blood
- Inflammation/complications
- Inflammation/drug therapy
- Joints/metabolism
- Male
- Membrane Glycoproteins/blood
- Osteoprotegerin
- RANK Ligand
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/administration & dosage
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/administration & dosage
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Stolina
- Department of Metabolic Disorders, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, USA
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Schett G, Middleton S, Bolon B, Stolina M, Brown H, Zhu L, Pretorius J, Zack DJ, Kostenuik P, Feige U. Additive bone-protective effects of anabolic treatment when used in conjunction with RANKL and tumor necrosis factor inhibition in two rat arthritis models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 52:1604-11. [PMID: 15880601 DOI: 10.1002/art.21021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the bone-preserving effects of a RANKL antagonist or a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonist could be further improved by the addition of a bone anabolic agent in inflammatory arthritis. METHODS Lewis rats with either adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) or collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) were treated for 10 days with PEGylated soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor type I (PEG sTNFRI), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), osteoprotegerin (OPG), parathyroid hormone (PTH), or combinations of these agents starting on day 4 after disease onset. Treatment effects were assessed clinically, radiologically, and histologically, and by morphometry for the extent of paw swelling, bone erosive changes, and synovial inflammation. RESULTS Paw swelling and synovial inflammation were significantly inhibited by PEG sTNFRI in AIA and CIA, and by IL-1Ra in CIA. OPG and PTH had no significant effect on these parameters. Analysis of bone erosion revealed a significant bone-sparing effect of monotherapy with PEG sTNFRI or OPG in both models, whereas IL-1Ra was only effective in CIA. PTH treatment alone did not show a bone-protective effect in either model. With the combination of PEG sTNFRI and PTH, erosion scores (-74% in AIA and -61% in CIA versus controls) were significantly lower than those elicited by PEG sTNFRI alone (-41% and -29%, respectively, versus controls). Similar results were also obtained with the combination of OPG and PTH (-88% in AIA and -73% in CIA, compared with -70% and -55%, respectively, with OPG monotherapy). Coadministration of IL-1Ra and PTH had no synergistic bone-sparing effect. Morphometric analysis revealed that the addition of PTH to PEG sTNFRI or OPG resulted in higher bone volume and higher osteoblast numbers in both AIA and CIA. CONCLUSION The bone-protective effects resulting from RANKL or TNF antagonism can be further improved by the addition of a bone anabolic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Schett
- Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Ishikawa T, Nishigaki F, Miyata S, Hirayama Y, Minoura K, Imanishi J, Neya M, Mizutani T, Imamura Y, Ohkubo Y, Mutoh S. Prevention of progressive joint destruction in adjuvant induced arthritis in rats by a novel matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, FR217840. Eur J Pharmacol 2005; 508:239-47. [PMID: 15680277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2004] [Revised: 11/29/2004] [Accepted: 12/06/2004] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) has been implicated in joint destruction of chronic arthritis diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. FR217840 (2R)-1-([5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-thienyl]sulfonyl)-N-hydroxy-4-(methylsulfonyl)-2-piperazinecarboxamide is a potent, orally active synthetic MMP inhibitor that inhibits human collagenases (MMP-1, MMP-8 and MMP-13), gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) and membrane type MMP (MT-MMP) (MT1-MMP/MMP-14). FR217840 also inhibits rat collagenase and gelatinase. We studied the effect of FR217840 on a rat adjuvant induced arthritis model. Although oral administration (days 1-21) of FR217840 (3.2, 10, 32 mg/kg) to adjuvant injected Lewis rats did not affect inflammation, as indicated by both hind paw swelling and histological inflammatory infiltration, FR217840 suppressed both bone destruction and serum pyridinoline content in a dose-dependent manner. Also, FR217840 (32 mg/kg) reduced tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) cell number in the ankle joints of rats with arthritis. These results indicate that FR217840 successfully suppressed joint destruction and suggest that FR217840 may have potential as a novel anti-rheumatic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Ishikawa
- Medicinal Biology Research Laboratories, Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 2-1-6, Kashima, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532-8514, Japan.
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Schett G, Stolina M, Bolon B, Middleton S, Adlam M, Brown H, Zhu L, Feige U, Zack DJ. Analysis of the kinetics of osteoclastogenesis in arthritic rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 52:3192-201. [PMID: 16200623 DOI: 10.1002/art.21343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the kinetics of osteoclastogenesis in 2 models of chronic immune-mediated arthritis and 1 model of acute arthritis. METHODS Adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in Lewis rats were used as models of chronic arthritis. Acute arthritis was induced in Lewis rats by injecting carrageenan into the hind paw. Osteoclasts were identified by cathepsin K immunohistochemistry at various time points after the onset of arthritis. The location, size, and nucleation of osteoclasts were also analyzed. RESULTS In both AIA and CIA, multinucleated and cathepsin K-positive osteoclasts first were observed on the day of disease onset. Initially, osteoclasts were localized at the periosteum next to the synovial membrane and in subchondral bone channels. The number, size, and nucleation of osteoclasts rapidly increased, leading to severe bone loss within days after disease onset. In addition, numerous mononucleated cathepsin K-positive osteoclast precursor cells emerged in the synovial membrane. All osteoclasts (cathepsin K-positive, multinucleated, attached to bone) and osteoclast precursors (cathepsin K-positive, mononucleated or multinucleated, within synovial tissue) were also positive for a macrophage-specific marker. Upon induction of acute arthritis with carrageenan, osteoclasts formed transiently in subchondral bone, but regressed 7 days after disease onset. CONCLUSION Functional osteoclasts are generated at the earliest stage of arthritis, and new precursors are continuously formed in the synovial membrane to replenish the osteoclast pool. These data indicate that anti-resorptive therapies may provide the most effective bone protection, when treatment is started soon after the onset of arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Schett
- Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, USA
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