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Nguyen MC, Bonnaud P, Dibsy R, Maucort G, Lyonnais S, Muriaux D, Bon P. Label-Free Single Nanoparticle Identification and Characterization in Demanding Environment, Including Infectious Emergent Virus. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2304564. [PMID: 38009767 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Unknown particle screening-including virus and nanoparticles-are keys in medicine, industry, and also in water pollutant determination. Here, RYtov MIcroscopy for Nanoparticles Identification (RYMINI) is introduced, a staining-free, non-invasive, and non-destructive optical approach that is merging holographic label-free 3D tracking with high-sensitivity quantitative phase imaging into a compact optical setup. Dedicated to the identification and then characterization of single nano-object in solution, it is compatible with highly demanding environments, such as level 3 biological laboratories, with high resilience to external source of mechanical and optical noise. Metrological characterization is performed at the level of each single particle on both absorbing and transparent particles as well as on immature and infectious HIV, SARS-CoV-2 and extracellular vesicles in solution. The capability of RYMINI to determine the nature, concentration, size, complex refractive index and mass of each single particle without knowledge or model of the particles' response is demonstrated. The system surpasses 90% accuracy for automatic identification between dielectric/metallic/biological nanoparticles and ≈80% for intraclass chemical determination of metallic and dielectric. It falls down to 50-70% for type determination inside the biological nanoparticle's class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh-Chau Nguyen
- UMR 7252, CNRS, XLIM, Université de Limoges, Limoges, F-87000, France
| | - Peter Bonnaud
- UMR 7252, CNRS, XLIM, Université de Limoges, Limoges, F-87000, France
| | - Rayane Dibsy
- UMR 9004 CNRS, IRIM (Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34293, France
| | - Guillaume Maucort
- Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, University of Bordeaux, Talence, F-33400, France
- LP2N UMR 5298, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Talence, F-33400, France
| | - Sébastien Lyonnais
- UAR 3725 CNRS, CEMIPAI, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34000, France
| | - Delphine Muriaux
- UMR 9004 CNRS, IRIM (Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier), Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34293, France
- UAR 3725 CNRS, CEMIPAI, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34000, France
| | - Pierre Bon
- UMR 7252, CNRS, XLIM, Université de Limoges, Limoges, F-87000, France
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2
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Marthy B, Bénéfice M, Baffou G. Single-shot quantitative phase-fluorescence imaging using cross-grating wavefront microscopy. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2142. [PMID: 38273005 PMCID: PMC10810858 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52510-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The article introduces an optical microscopy technique capable of simultaneously acquiring quantitative fluorescence and phase (or equivalently wavefront) images with a single camera sensor, avoiding any delay between both images, or registration of images acquired separately. The method is based on the use of a 2-dimensional diffraction grating (aka cross-grating) positioned at a millimeter distance from a 2-color camera. Fluorescence and wavefront images are extracted from the two color channels of the camera, and retrieved by image demodulation. The applicability of the method is illustrated on various samples, namely fluorescent micro-beads, bacteria and mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Marthy
- Institut Fresnel, CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ, Centrale Med, Marseille, France
| | - Maëlle Bénéfice
- Institut Fresnel, CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ, Centrale Med, Marseille, France
| | - Guillaume Baffou
- Institut Fresnel, CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ, Centrale Med, Marseille, France.
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3
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Sixdenier L, Baffou G, Tribet C, Marie E. Quantitative Microscale Thermometry in Droplets Loaded with Gold Nanoparticles. J Phys Chem Lett 2023:11200-11207. [PMID: 38055870 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are increasingly used for their thermoplasmonic properties, i.e., their ability to convert light energy into heat through plasmon resonance. However, measuring temperature gradients generated at the microscale by assemblies of AuNPs remains challenging, especially for random 3D distributions of AuNPs. Here, we introduce a label-free thermometry approach, combining quantitative wavefront microscopy and numerical simulations, to infer the heating power dissipated by a 3D model system consisting of emulsion microdroplets loaded with AuNPs. This approach gives access to the temperature reached in the droplets under laser irradiation without the need for extrinsic calibration. This versatile thermometry method is promising for noninvasive temperature measurements in various 3D microsystems involving AuNPs as colloidal heat sources, including photothermal drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Sixdenier
- PASTEUR, Département de chimie, École normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Baffou
- Institut Fresnel, CNRS, Aix Marseille University, Centrale Marseille, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Tribet
- PASTEUR, Département de chimie, École normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Marie
- PASTEUR, Département de chimie, École normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
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4
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Cai Z, Zhang J, Yang P, Zhu J. Absolute measurement of focusing properties of a large-aperture diffractive lens. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:4276-4279. [PMID: 37582011 DOI: 10.1364/ol.496932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Diffractive lenses are popular in large optical systems owing to their lightweight and multifunctional design. However, they are difficult to calibrate accurately due to the cross talk between the first-order diffraction and the background light. Here, a quadriwave lateral shearing interferometry (QWLSI) with spherical wave illumination was proposed to absolutely measure the focusing properties of diffractive lenses by means of the reference background light, in which the corresponding theoretical modeling was first derived, and then the single-shot experiment on a 210 mm-diameter beam was carried out. The results showed that the measurement error of the focal length was 0.59%, and the consistency error was 0.008%.
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5
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Bénéfice M, Gorlas A, Marthy B, Da Cunha V, Forterre P, Sentenac A, Chaumet PC, Baffou G. Dry mass photometry of single bacteria using quantitative wavefront microscopy. Biophys J 2023; 122:3159-3172. [PMID: 37393431 PMCID: PMC10432216 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative phase microscopy (QPM) represents a noninvasive alternative to fluorescence microscopy for cell observation with high contrast and for the quantitative measurement of dry mass (DM) and growth rate at the single-cell level. While DM measurements using QPM have been widely conducted on mammalian cells, bacteria have been less investigated, presumably due to the high resolution and high sensitivity required by their smaller size. This article demonstrates the use of cross-grating wavefront microscopy, a high-resolution and high-sensitivity QPM, for accurate DM measurement and monitoring of single microorganisms (bacteria and archaea). The article covers strategies for overcoming light diffraction and sample focusing, and introduces the concepts of normalized optical volume and optical polarizability (OP) to gain additional information beyond DM. The algorithms for DM, optical volume, and OP measurements are illustrated through two case studies: monitoring DM evolution in a microscale colony-forming unit as a function of temperature, and using OP as a potential species-specific signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maëlle Bénéfice
- Institut Fresnel, CNRS, Aix Marseille University, Centrale Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Aurore Gorlas
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Baptiste Marthy
- Institut Fresnel, CNRS, Aix Marseille University, Centrale Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Violette Da Cunha
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Patrick Forterre
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Département de Microbiologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Anne Sentenac
- Institut Fresnel, CNRS, Aix Marseille University, Centrale Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Patrick C Chaumet
- Institut Fresnel, CNRS, Aix Marseille University, Centrale Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Guillaume Baffou
- Institut Fresnel, CNRS, Aix Marseille University, Centrale Marseille, Marseille, France.
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6
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Zhu Y, Tian A, Yuan H, Liu B, Wang H, Ren K, Zhang Y, Wang K, Wang S. Quadriwave lateral shearing interferometry based on double birefringent crystals of beam displacer. APPLIED OPTICS 2023; 62:654-664. [PMID: 36821269 DOI: 10.1364/ao.478344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A quadriwave lateral shearing interferometry (QWLSI) is proposed based on double birefringent crystals of a beam displacer (DBCs-BD). The DBCs-BD is formed by adopting two birefringent crystals of a polarization beam displacer (PBD), which can generate the lateral shearing interference waves of four beams of overlapped replicas in the DBCs-BD orthogonal directions. When the replica waves are overlapped incident to the analyzer, and the direction of the transmission axis is set as 45° or 135°, the QWLSI's polarization interferogram can be obtained. The high-precision phase can be obtained by simple spectrum denoising and performing the Fourier transform of the resulting interferogram. We deduce the principle of QWLSI in detail, and the wavefront distribution can be achieved by the phase calculation. The experiment shows that the DBCs-BD-QWLSI exhibits feasibility and high precision.
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7
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Durdevic L, Relaño Ginés A, Roueff A, Blivet G, Baffou G. Biomass measurements of single neurites in vitro using optical wavefront microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:6550-6560. [PMID: 36589583 PMCID: PMC9774852 DOI: 10.1364/boe.471284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative phase microscopies (QPMs) enable label-free, non-invasive observation of living cells in culture, for arbitrarily long periods of time. One of the main benefits of QPMs compared with fluorescence microscopy is the possibility to measure the dry mass of individual cells or organelles. While QPM dry mass measurements on neural cells have been reported this last decade, dry mass measurements on their neurites has been very little addressed. Because neurites are tenuous objects, they are difficult to precisely characterize and segment using most QPMs. In this article, we use cross-grating wavefront microscopy (CGM), a high-resolution wavefront imaging technique, to measure the dry mass of individual neurites of primary neurons in vitro. CGM is based on the simple association of a cross-grating positioned in front of a camera, and can detect wavefront distortions smaller than a hydrogen atom (∼0.1 nm). In this article, an algorithm for dry-mass measurement of neurites from CGM images is detailed and provided. With objects as small as neurites, we highlight the importance of dealing with the diffraction rings for proper image segmentation and accurate biomass measurements. The high precision of the measurements we obtain using CGM and this semi-manual algorithm enabled us to detect periodic oscillations of neurites never observed before, demonstrating the sufficient degree of accuracy of CGM to capture the cell dynamics at the single neurite level, with a typical precision of 2%, i.e., 0.08 pg in most cases, down to a few fg for the smallest objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljiljana Durdevic
- Institut Fresnel, CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ, Centrale Marseille, Marseille, France
- REGEnLIFE, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Antoine Roueff
- Institut Fresnel, CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ, Centrale Marseille, Marseille, France
| | | | - Guillaume Baffou
- Institut Fresnel, CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ, Centrale Marseille, Marseille, France
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8
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Molinaro C, Bénéfice M, Gorlas A, Da Cunha V, Robert HML, Catchpole R, Gallais L, Forterre P, Baffou G. Life at high temperature observed in vitro upon laser heating of gold nanoparticles. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5342. [PMID: 36097020 PMCID: PMC9468142 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33074-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermophiles are microorganisms that thrive at high temperature. Studying them can provide valuable information on how life has adapted to extreme conditions. However, high temperature conditions are difficult to achieve on conventional optical microscopes. Some home-made solutions have been proposed, all based on local resistive electric heating, but no simple commercial solution exists. In this article, we introduce the concept of microscale laser heating over the field of view of a microscope to achieve high temperature for the study of thermophiles, while maintaining the user environment in soft conditions. Microscale heating with moderate laser intensities is achieved using a substrate covered with gold nanoparticles, as biocompatible, efficient light absorbers. The influences of possible microscale fluid convection, cell confinement and centrifugal thermophoretic motion are discussed. The method is demonstrated with two species: (i) Geobacillus stearothermophilus, a motile thermophilic bacterium thriving around 65 °C, which we observed to germinate, grow and swim upon microscale heating and (ii) Sulfolobus shibatae, a hyperthermophilic archaeon living at the optimal temperature of 80 °C. This work opens the path toward simple and safe observation of thermophilic microorganisms using current and accessible microscopy tools. Studying microorganisms at high temperatures is challenging on conventional optical microscopes. Here, the authors introduce the concept of microscale laser heating over the full field of view by using gold nanoparticles as light absorbers, and study thermophile species up to 80 °C.
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9
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Nguyen TL, Pradeep S, Judson-Torres RL, Reed J, Teitell MA, Zangle TA. Quantitative Phase Imaging: Recent Advances and Expanding Potential in Biomedicine. ACS NANO 2022; 16:11516-11544. [PMID: 35916417 PMCID: PMC10112851 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c11507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) is a label-free, wide-field microscopy approach with significant opportunities for biomedical applications. QPI uses the natural phase shift of light as it passes through a transparent object, such as a mammalian cell, to quantify biomass distribution and spatial and temporal changes in biomass. Reported in cell studies more than 60 years ago, ongoing advances in QPI hardware and software are leading to numerous applications in biology, with a dramatic expansion in utility over the past two decades. Today, investigations of cell size, morphology, behavior, cellular viscoelasticity, drug efficacy, biomass accumulation and turnover, and transport mechanics are supporting studies of development, physiology, neural activity, cancer, and additional physiological processes and diseases. Here, we review the field of QPI in biology starting with underlying principles, followed by a discussion of technical approaches currently available or being developed, and end with an examination of the breadth of applications in use or under development. We comment on strengths and shortcomings for the deployment of QPI in key biomedical contexts and conclude with emerging challenges and opportunities based on combining QPI with other methodologies that expand the scope and utility of QPI even further.
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10
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Liu J, Meng J, Lyu J, Wang S. Fast reconstruction technology of a laser beam spatial transmission characteristic curve. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:1177-1182. [PMID: 35201170 DOI: 10.1364/ao.447356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The traditional multiposition method of the M2 factor measurement system is a good method, but it is relatively time consuming, so it cannot meet the requirements of the transient test of a Gaussian beam. To solve this problem, a quadriwave lateral shearing interferometer and a wavefront construction method based on a difference Zernike polynomial are analyzed. This interferometer uses a special grating to select four replicas of the wavefront, and the interferogram generated by four replicas includes difference wavefront information. Then the difference Zernike polynomial method is used to analyze quadriwave lateral shearing interferograms. The characteristic parameters are obtained after finding the optimal terms of the Zernike polynomials. As a result, the errors of F-number, beam radius, and radius of curvature are 3.7%, 3.8%, and 0.6%, respectively, which verifies this method to calculate parameters of Gaussian beam. In addition, we also find that the shear amount has influence on the reconstructed wavefront. It is showed that as the amount of shear increases from 20 pixels to 90 pixels, the peak-to-valley (P-V) values and RMS values both gradually decrease with a nonlinear relationship, which could be used to decrease the error of wavefront reconstruction further.
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11
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Stolidi A, Giakoumakis G, Primot J, Jarnac A, Tisseur D. Confidence map tool for gradient-based X-ray phase contrast imaging. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:4302-4311. [PMID: 35209669 DOI: 10.1364/oe.438876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We present a graphical tool that we call a "confidence map". It allows to evaluate locally the quality of a phase image retrieved from the measurement of its gradients. The tool is primarily used to alert the observer to the presence of artifacts that could affect his interpretation of the image. It can also be used to optimize a phase imager since it associates a cause with the creation of each artifact: dislocation, under-sampling and noise. An illustration of the use of the confidence map tool is presented, based on a microfocus X-ray tube using multilateral shearing interferometry, a gradient based phase contrast technique employing a single 2D-grating.
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12
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Lombardo M, Lombardo G. New methods and techniques for sensing the wave aberrations of human eyes. Clin Exp Optom 2021; 92:176-86. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1444-0938.2009.00356.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Lombardo
- Vision Engineering, Reggio Calabria, Italy and CNR‐INFM LiCryL Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
E‐mail:
| | - Giuseppe Lombardo
- Vision Engineering, Reggio Calabria, Italy and CNR‐INFM LiCryL Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
E‐mail:
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13
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Aknoun S, Yonnet M, Djabari Z, Graslin F, Taylor M, Pourcher T, Wattellier B, Pognonec P. Quantitative phase microscopy for non-invasive live cell population monitoring. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4409. [PMID: 33627679 PMCID: PMC7904828 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83537-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We present here a label-free development based on preexisting Quantitative Phase Imaging (QPI) that allows non-invasive live monitoring of both individual cells and cell populations. Growth, death, effect of toxic compounds are quantified under visible light with a standard inverted microscope. We show that considering the global biomass of a cell population is a more robust and accurate method to assess its growth parameters in comparison to compiling individually segmented cells. This is especially true for confluent conditions. This method expands the use of light microscopy in answering biological questions concerning live cell populations even at high density. In contrast to labeling or lysis of cells this method does not alter the cells and could be useful in high-throughput screening and toxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherazade Aknoun
- Phasics, Bâtiment Explorer, Espace Technologique, Route de l'Orme des Merisiers, 91190, St Aubin, France
| | - Manuel Yonnet
- Phasics, Bâtiment Explorer, Espace Technologique, Route de l'Orme des Merisiers, 91190, St Aubin, France
| | - Zied Djabari
- Transporter in Imaging and Radiotherapy in Oncology (TIRO), Institut des Sciences et Biotechnologies du Vivant Frédéric Joliot, CEA, School of Medicine, 28 Av de Valombrose, 06107, Nice, France
| | - Fanny Graslin
- Transporter in Imaging and Radiotherapy in Oncology (TIRO), Institut des Sciences et Biotechnologies du Vivant Frédéric Joliot, CEA, School of Medicine, 28 Av de Valombrose, 06107, Nice, France
| | - Mark Taylor
- HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TL, UK
| | - Thierry Pourcher
- Transporter in Imaging and Radiotherapy in Oncology (TIRO), Institut des Sciences et Biotechnologies du Vivant Frédéric Joliot, CEA, School of Medicine, 28 Av de Valombrose, 06107, Nice, France
| | - Benoit Wattellier
- Phasics, Bâtiment Explorer, Espace Technologique, Route de l'Orme des Merisiers, 91190, St Aubin, France
| | - Philippe Pognonec
- Transporter in Imaging and Radiotherapy in Oncology (TIRO), Institut des Sciences et Biotechnologies du Vivant Frédéric Joliot, CEA, School of Medicine, 28 Av de Valombrose, 06107, Nice, France.
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Pannetier C, Hénault F. Shack-Hartmann versus reverse Hartmann wavefront sensors: experimental results. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:1746-1749. [PMID: 32235989 DOI: 10.1364/ol.382718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
With respect to the classical Shack-Hartmann (SH) wavefront sensor (WFS), the recently proposed reverse Hartmann (RH) sensor inverts the locations of the filtering and observation planes and forms a direct image of the pupil on a detector array. The slopes of the wavefront error (WFE) are then reconstructed by using a double Fourier transform algorithm. It turns out that the same algorithm can also be applied to the raw data acquired by SH sensors. This Letter presents the first, to the best of our knowledge, experimental results obtained with a simplified RH WFS and their comparison to those provided by a reference SH sensor, in both classical and double Fourier transform modes. They demonstrate that similar WFE measurement accuracy is achievable when using the three techniques, at least within the limit of our test bench that is estimated around $\lambda/10$λ/10 RMS.
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15
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Wang Z, Wang S, Yang P, Xu B. Compact radial shearing interferometer with a randomly encoded cosinusoidal zone plate for wavefront measurements. APPLIED OPTICS 2020; 59:2211-2218. [PMID: 32225750 DOI: 10.1364/ao.385182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A radial shearing interferometer (RSI) using a randomly encoded cosinusoidal zone plate (RECZP) to measure the wavefront is proposed. The RECZP has two foci, i.e., a virtual focus and a real focus, so its Fresnel diffractions contain only two beams. These two beams can be regarded as the extended beam and the contracted beam in the RSI, respectively. This RSI is composed of a RECZP and a charge-coupled device (CCD). The radial shearing rate is continuously adjustable by changing the distance between the CCD and RECZP, which is good for measurement sensitivity and dynamic range for different situation requirements. In the simulation experiment, we analyzed the influence of beam tilt error, distance error of zone plate and CCD, CCD camera nonlinearity, and noise on wavefront reconstruction results. We also analyzed the effects of different fabrication errors (randomly encoded principle error, sidewall angle error, depth error, and alignment error of amplitude zone plate and phase zone plate) on the diffraction intensity distributions, which determine the fabrication tolerance of the RECZP. Experimentally compared with a ZYGO interferometer, the RECZP-RSI optical system can get good results.
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16
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Wang C, Fu Q, Dun X, Heidrich W. Modeling classical wavefront sensors. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:5273-5287. [PMID: 32121752 DOI: 10.1364/oe.381349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We present an image formation model for deterministic phase retrieval in propagation-based wavefront sensing, unifying analysis for classical wavefront sensors such as Shack-Hartmann (slopes tracking) and curvature sensors (based on Transport-of-Intensity Equation). We show how this model generalizes commonly seen formulas, including Transport-of-Intensity Equation, from small distances and beyond. Using this model, we analyze theoretically achievable lateral wavefront resolution in propagation-based deterministic wavefront sensing. Finally, via a prototype masked wavefront sensor, we show simultaneous bright field and phase imaging numerically recovered in real-time from a single-shot measurement.
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17
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Patorski K, Służewski Ł, Zdańkowski P, Cywińska M, Trusiak M. Three-level transmittance 2D grating with reduced spectrum and its self-imaging. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:1854-1868. [PMID: 30732232 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.001854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A simple method for generating 2D binary amplitude structure with additive superimposition of mutually orthogonal 1D amplitude gratings is proposed. Its implementation requires software generated three binary amplitude gratings, i.e., the crossed Ronchi, checker board and 1D Ronchi gratings with aspect ratio equal to 0.5. Their computer processing involves only two steps. First the checker grating is multiplied by a high frequency 1D grating. Next the product is added to the crossed grating. In result 3-level transmittance (0, 0.5, 1) hybrid diffraction structure is obtained. The intermediate level results from the use of a dense 1D grating. The zero diffraction order, well separated from the rest of the spectrum, consists of crossed spectra of additively superimposed 1D Ronchi gratings. Detailed heuristic explanation of the process aided by spectrum domain analyses is presented. Additionally, simulations and experiments conducted in the Fresnel diffraction field exemplify the invented structure properties in comparison with the multiplicative superimposition crossed Ronchi grating. Up to authors' best knowledge the Fresnel field (self-imaging phenomenon or Talbot effect) properties of 2D periodic structure with additive superimposition of component 1D gratings have not been published in the literature.
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Patorski K, Służewski Ł, Trusiak M. 5-beam grating interferometry for extended phase gradient sensing. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:26872-26887. [PMID: 30469765 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.026872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel, single-shot, low-cost, multidirectional lateral shear interferometer for extended range wave front phase gradient sensing has been developed. It exploits the Fresnel diffraction field, which is formed by the five lowest diffraction orders of a simple binary amplitude checker grating. The Fresnel intensity pattern encodes information on four directional partial derivatives of the wave front under test. It has been theoretically, numerically, and experimentally shown that for larger gradient phase objects or shear amounts only the diagonal derivative information is easily accessible. The horizontal and vertical direction gradient maps are strongly amplitude modulated. Therefore, their demodulation becomes a challenging task. The same feature has been found in widely used quadriwave interferometer, which was developed at ONERA, France. The results of analytical and numerical studies and experimental works, including fringe pattern processing and phase demodulation, are presented.
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Hénault F. Fresnel diffraction analysis of Ronchi and reverse Hartmann tests. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2018; 35:1717-1729. [PMID: 30462092 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.35.001717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a Fresnel diffraction analysis of classical Ronchi and reverse Hartmann tests. Simplified analytical expressions of the intensity patterns observed by the camera are established, allowing quantitative measurements of the wavefront slopes of the tested optical system. The wavefronts are then reconstructed from their slopes using a double Fourier transform algorithm. The optimization of the operational parameters of the system is discussed in view of different quality criteria, including relative pupil shear and contrast factors in both monochromatic and polychromatic light. Practical examples of applications are studied with the help of numerical simulations, demonstrating that measurement accuracies better than λ/100 RMS are achievable on properly dimensioned systems. Finally, the technique is also applicable to wavefront sensing in adaptive optics systems.
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20
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Robert HML, Savatier J, Vial S, Verghese J, Wattellier B, Rigneault H, Monneret S, Polleux J, Baffou G. Photothermal Control of Heat-Shock Protein Expression at the Single Cell Level. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1801910. [PMID: 29995322 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201801910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Laser heating of individual cells in culture recently led to seminal studies in cell poration, fusion, migration, or nanosurgery, although measuring the local temperature increase in such experiments remains a challenge. Here, the laser-induced dynamical control of the heat-shock response is demonstrated at the single cell level, enabled by the use of light-absorbing gold nanoparticles as nanosources of heat and a temperature mapping technique based on quadriwave lateral shearing interferometry (QLSI) measurements. As it is label-free, this approach does not suffer from artifacts inherent to previously reported fluorescence-based temperature-mapping techniques and enables the use of any standard fluorescent labels to monitor in parallel the cell's response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadrien M L Robert
- Institut Fresnel, CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ, Centrale Marseille, Marseille, 13013, France
- PHASICS S.A., Parc technologique de Saint Aubin, Route de l'Orme des Merisiers, 91190, Saint Aubin, France
| | - Julien Savatier
- Institut Fresnel, CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ, Centrale Marseille, Marseille, 13013, France
| | - Stéphanie Vial
- Institut Fresnel, CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ, Centrale Marseille, Marseille, 13013, France
| | - Jacob Verghese
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Cellular Biochemistry, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Benoit Wattellier
- PHASICS S.A., Parc technologique de Saint Aubin, Route de l'Orme des Merisiers, 91190, Saint Aubin, France
| | - Hervé Rigneault
- Institut Fresnel, CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ, Centrale Marseille, Marseille, 13013, France
| | - Serge Monneret
- Institut Fresnel, CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ, Centrale Marseille, Marseille, 13013, France
| | - Julien Polleux
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
- Center for NanoScience, Ludwig Maximilian University, 80799, Munich, Germany
| | - Guillaume Baffou
- Institut Fresnel, CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ, Centrale Marseille, Marseille, 13013, France
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Bélanger E, Bérubé JP, de Dorlodot B, Marquet P, Vallée R. Comparative study of quantitative phase imaging techniques for refractometry of optical waveguides. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:17498-17510. [PMID: 30119561 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.017498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A comparative study of quantitative phase imaging techniques for refractometry of optical waveguides is presented. Three techniques were examined: a method based on the transport-of-intensity equation, quadri-wave lateral shearing interferometry and digital holographic microscopy. The refractive index profile of a SMF-28 optical fiber was thoroughly characterized and served as a gold standard to assess the accuracy and precision of the phase imaging methods. Optical waveguides were inscribed in an Eagle2000 glass chip using a femtosecond laser and used to evaluate the sensitivity limit of these phase imaging approaches. It is shown that all three techniques provide accurate, repeatable and sensitive refractive index measurements. Using these phase imaging methods, we report a comprehensive map of the photosensitivity to femtosecond pulses of Eagle2000 glass. Finally, the reported data suggests that the phase imaging techniques are suited to be used as precise and non-destructive refractive index shift measuring tools to study and control the inscription process of optical waveguides.
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Zhang R, Yang Y, Liang Z, Jiang J, Ling T. High-precision calibration method for shear ratio based on the shearing wavefront feature extraction of a phase plate. APPLIED OPTICS 2018; 57:5121-5129. [PMID: 30117974 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.005121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A new method based on the shearing wavefront feature extraction (SWFE) of a phase plate is proposed to accurately estimate the shear ratio of the system. The relationship between the shear ratio of a quadriwave lateral shearing interferometer based on a randomly encoded hybrid grating (REHG) and the measurement sensitivity, dynamic range, and wavefront retrieval accuracy is analyzed to provide a theoretical guidance for practical application. The simulation result of the SWFE method shows that the relative error of the shear ratio value is about 1.8×10-3, within the acceptable range of the system. In the experiment, two fused quartz phase plates etched with step change edge grooves were introduced to calibrate the shear ratio of the REHG wavefront diagnosis system. Then, the etching depths of these two phase plates and the figure error of a spherical surface were characterized by the REHG. A comparison with a ZYGO GPI interferometer exhibits that the testing results by the REHG are highly precise, which further confirms the effectiveness of the SWFE method in the shear ratio calibration. This shear ratio calibration method is available for similar kind of shearing interferometric wavefront sensor.
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Quadriwave lateral shearing interferometric microscopy with wideband sensitivity enhancement for quantitative phase imaging in real time. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9. [PMID: 28148959 PMCID: PMC5428360 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00053-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Real-time quantitative phase imaging has tremendous potential in investigating live biological specimens in vitro. Here we report on a wideband sensitivity-enhanced interferometric microscopy for quantitative phase imaging in real time by employing two quadriwave lateral shearing interferometers based on randomly encoded hybrid gratings with different lateral shears. Theoretical framework to analyze the measurement sensitivity is firstly proposed, from which the optimal lateral shear pair for sensitivity enhancement is also derived. To accelerate the phase retrieval algorithm for real-time visualization, we develop a fully vectorized path-independent differential leveling phase unwrapping algorithm ready for parallel computing, and the framerate for retrieving the phase from each pair of two 4 mega pixel interferograms is able to reach 47.85 frames per second. Experiment results demonstrate that the wideband sensitivity-enhanced interferometric microscopy is capable of eliminating all the periodical error caused by spectral leaking problem and reducing the temporal standard deviation to the half level compared with phase directly retrieved by the interferogram. Due to its high adaptability, the wideband sensitivity-enhanced interferometric microscopy is promising in retrofitting existing microscopes to quantitative phase microscopes with high measurement precision and real-time visualization.
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Patorski K, Służewski Ł, Trusiak M. Single-shot 3 × 3 beam grating interferometry for self-imaging free extended range wave front sensing. OPTICS LETTERS 2016; 41:4417-4420. [PMID: 27628412 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.004417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Crossed grating 3×3 beam lateral shear interferometry for extended range wave front sensing is presented. A Fresnel diffraction pattern of two multiplicatively superimposed linear diffraction gratings each generating three diffraction orders is recorded. A simple solution employs a common crossed binary amplitude Ronchi grating with spatial filtering. Digital processing of a single-shot pattern includes separating multidirectional pairs of orthogonal lateral shear interferograms, retrieving second harmonics of their intensity distribution, and calculating shearing phases. Single-frame automatic fringe pattern processing based on the Hilbert-Huang transform is used for this purpose. Using second harmonics extends the aberration measurement range since they encode self-imaging free two-beam interferograms without contrast modulations. Experimental works corroborate the principle and capabilities of the proposed approach.
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25
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Zhu W, Chen L, Zheng D, Yang Y, Han Z, Li J. Lensless reflective point diffraction interferometer. APPLIED OPTICS 2016; 55:5158-5163. [PMID: 27409204 DOI: 10.1364/ao.55.005158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A lensless reflective point diffraction interferometer (LRPDI) is proposed for dynamic wavefront measurement. The point diffraction interferometer is integrated on a small substrate with properly designed thin film, which is used for generating the interferogram with high carrier frequency at a CCD target. By lensless imaging, the complex amplitude at the CCD target can be propagated to the conjugated plane of the exit pupil of an incident wavefront, which not only avoids the edge diffraction in the interferogram, but also eliminates systematic error. The accuracy of LRPDI is demonstrated by simulation and experiment, and a precision better than 1/150 wavelength is achieved. The new design with lensless imaging processing is suitable for dynamic wavefront measurement.
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26
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Ling T, Yang Y, Liu D, Yue X, Jiang J, Bai J, Shen Y. General measurement of optical system aberrations with a continuously variable lateral shear ratio by a randomly encoded hybrid grating. APPLIED OPTICS 2015; 54:8913-8920. [PMID: 26560379 DOI: 10.1364/ao.54.008913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A general lateral shearing interferometry method to measure the wavefront aberrations with a continuously variable shear ratio by the randomly encoded hybrid grating (REHG) is proposed. The REHG consists of a randomly encoded binary amplitude grating and a phase chessboard. Its Fraunhofer diffractions contain only four orders which are the ±1 orders in two orthogonal directions due to the combined modulation of the amplitude and phase. As a result, no orders selection mask is needed for the REHG and the shear ratio is continuously variable, which is beneficial to the variation of sensitivity and testing range for different requirements. To determine the fabrication tolerance of this hybrid grating, the analysis of the effects of different errors on the diffraction intensity distributions is carried out. Experiments have shown that the testing method can achieve a continuously variable shear ratio with the same REHG, and the comparison with a ZYGO GPI interferometer exhibits that the aberration testing method by the REHG is highly precise and also has a good repeatability. This testing method by the REHG is available for general use in testing the aberrations of different optical systems in situ.
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Douti DBL, Chrayteh M, Aknoun S, Doualle T, Hecquet C, Monneret S, Gallais L. Quantitative phase imaging applied to laser damage detection and analysis. APPLIED OPTICS 2015; 54:8375-8382. [PMID: 26479612 DOI: 10.1364/ao.54.008375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigate phase imaging as a measurement method for laser damage detection and analysis of laser-induced modification of optical materials. Experiments have been conducted with a wavefront sensor based on lateral shearing interferometry associated with a high-magnification optical microscope. The system has been used for the in-line observation of optical thin films and bulk samples, laser irradiated in two different conditions: 500 fs pulses at 343 and 1030 nm, and millisecond to second irradiation with a CO2 laser at 10.6 μm. We investigate the measurement of the laser-induced damage threshold of optical material by detection and phase changes and show that the technique realizes high sensitivity with different optical path measurements lower than 1 nm. Additionally, the quantitative information on the refractive index or surface modification of the samples under test that is provided by the system has been compared to classical metrology instruments used for laser damage or laser ablation characterization (an atomic force microscope, a differential interference contrast microscope, and an optical surface profiler). An accurate in-line measurement of the morphology of laser-ablated sites, from few nanometers to hundred microns in depth, is shown.
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28
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Li J, Tang F, Wang X, Dai F, Zhang H. Analysis of lateral shearing interferometry without self-imaging limitations. APPLIED OPTICS 2015; 54:8070-8079. [PMID: 26406507 DOI: 10.1364/ao.54.008070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In lateral shearing interferometry, interferograms with a good contrast can be obtained at any distance without self-imaging limitations based on a modified Hartmann mask (MHM) and a randomly encoded hybrid grating (REHG). The present study analyzes and compares the diffraction orders, the contrast of carrier fringes, the available spectral bandwidth, and the wavefront measurement accuracy of the lateral shearing interferometer using MHM and REHG. Numerical simulations show that the performance of the REHG is superior to that of the MHM with respect to fringe contrast, available spectral bandwidth, and wavefront measurement accuracy. For the REGH, if the phase step of the phase chessboard is within the range of (2n+1±0.2)π, the contrast of the carrier fringes is almost invariant along the propagation axis, and the wavefront reconstruction error generated from higher diffraction orders is small enough to be neglected. Optimal quantization of the REHG is also studied. When M is equal to 2 and N is not less than 5, the quantization result can meet the requirement of the measurement accuracy.
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29
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Desse JM, Picart P, Olchewsky F. Quantitative phase imaging in flows with high resolution holographic diffraction grating. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:23726-23737. [PMID: 26368468 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.023726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper proposes quantitative phase imaging by using a high resolution holographic grating for generating a four-wave shearing interferogram. The high-resolution holographic grating is designed in a "kite" configuration so as to avoid parasitic mixing of diffraction orders. The selection of six diffraction orders in the Fourier spectrum of the interferogram allows reconstructing phase gradients along specific directions. The spectral analysis yields the useful parameters of the reconstruction process. The derivative axes are exactly determined whatever the experimental configurations of the holographic grating. The integration of the derivative yields the phase and the optical thickness. Demonstration of the proposed approach is carried out for the case of the analysis of the supersonic flow of a small vertical jet, 5.56mm in diameter. The experimental results compared with those obtained with digital holography exhibit a very good agreement.
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30
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Zhu W, Chen L, Gu C, Wan J, Zheng D. Single-shot reflective shearing point diffraction interferometer for wavefront measurements. APPLIED OPTICS 2015; 54:6155-6161. [PMID: 26193387 DOI: 10.1364/ao.54.006155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A single-shot reflective shearing point diffraction interferometer (S-SRSPDI) is designed for large-aperture dynamic wavefront measurements. The PDI is integrated on the small substrate with properly designed thin film. The wavefront under test is reflected by the front and rear surfaces of the substrate respectively to generate an interferogram with high linear-carrier frequency, which is used to reconstruct the wavefront by means of the Fourier transform algorithm. In this paper, the analytic formula of intensity distribution of the interferogram is derived. The parameters related with the carrier frequency of fringes are discussed. The method to optimize the contrast of the interferogram is proposed by analyzing the reflective polarization effects. In addition, the spurious fringes of the interferogram are removed by the proper designed blocking film. S-SRSPDI was applied to detect the dynamic wavefront with a diameter of 400 mm. The measured aberrations are in good agreement with those obtained by the shearing method, which verifies that the proposed S-SRSPDI is a powerful tool for large-aperture dynamic wavefront measurements.
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31
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Aknoun S, Bon P, Savatier J, Wattellier B, Monneret S. Quantitative retardance imaging of biological samples using quadriwave lateral shearing interferometry. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:16383-406. [PMID: 26193611 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.016383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We describe a new technique based on the use of a high-resolution quadri-wave lateral shearing interferometer to perform quantitative linear retardance and birefringence measurements on biological samples. The system combines quantitative phase images with varying polarization excitation to create retardance images. This technique is compatible with living samples and gives information about the local retardance and structure of their anisotropic components. We applied our approach to collagen fibers leading to a birefringence value of (3.4 ± 0.3) · 10(-3) and to living cells, showing that cytoskeleton can be imaged label-free.
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32
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Ling T, Liu D, Yue X, Yang Y, Shen Y, Bai J. Quadriwave lateral shearing interferometer based on a randomly encoded hybrid grating. OPTICS LETTERS 2015; 40:2245-2248. [PMID: 26393710 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.002245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A compact quadriwave lateral shearing interferometer (QWLSI) with strong adaptability and high precision is proposed based on a novel randomly encoded hybrid grating (REHG). By performing the inverse Fourier transform of the desired ±1 Fraunhofer diffraction orders, the amplitude and phase distributions of the ideally calculated quadriwave grating can be obtained. Then a phase chessboard is introduced to generate the same phase distribution, while the amplitude distribution can be achieved using the randomly encoding method by quantizing the radiant flux on the ideal quadriwave grating. As the Faunhofer diffraction of the REHG only contains the ±1 orders, no order selection mask is ever needed for the REHG-LSI. The simulations and the experiments show that the REHG-LSI exhibits strong adaptability, nice repeatability, and high precision.
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33
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Patorski K, Trusiak M, Pokorski K. Diffraction grating three-beam interferometry without self-imaging regime contrast modulations. OPTICS LETTERS 2015; 40:1089-1092. [PMID: 25768189 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.001089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Achromatic grating shearing interferometry method for wave front sensing is developed. Two Fresnel diffraction patterns formed by grating three lowest diffraction orders are recorded. The beam-splitter grating is displaced laterally by half its period between exposures. Calculating the sum of two patterns results in a two-beam interferogram free of inherent light propagation direction and observation plane contrast modulations imposed by the self-imaging phenomenon (Talbot effect). Single-frame automatic fringe pattern processing provides the interferogram phase distribution. The technique enables continuous shear variations suitable for dynamic range sensing. Experimental works corroborate enhanced capabilities of the proposed approach.
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Aknoun S, Savatier J, Bon P, Galland F, Abdeladim L, Wattellier B, Monneret S. Living cell dry mass measurement using quantitative phase imaging with quadriwave lateral shearing interferometry: an accuracy and sensitivity discussion. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2015; 20:126009. [PMID: 26720876 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.12.126009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell dry mass measurement is used in biology to follow cell cycle, to address effects of drugs, or to investigate cell metabolism. Quantitative phase imaging technique with quadriwave lateral shearing interferometry (QWLSI) allows measuring cell dry mass. The technique is very simple to set up, as it is integrated in a camera-like instrument. It simply plugs onto a standard microscope and uses a white light illumination source. Its working principle is first explained, from image acquisition to automated segmentation algorithm and dry mass quantification. Metrology of the whole process, including its sensitivity, repeatability, reliability, sources of error, over different kinds of samples and under different experimental conditions, is developed. We show that there is no influence of magnification or spatial light coherence on dry mass measurement; effect of defocus is more critical but can be calibrated. As a consequence, QWLSI is a well-suited technique for fast, simple, and reliable cell dry mass study, especially for live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherazade Aknoun
- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel UMR 7249, 13013 Marseille, FrancebPHASICS S.A., Parc technologique de Saint Aubin, Route de l'Orme des Merisiers, 91190 Saint Aubin, France
| | - Julien Savatier
- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel UMR 7249, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Bon
- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel UMR 7249, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Frédéric Galland
- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel UMR 7249, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Lamiae Abdeladim
- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel UMR 7249, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Benoit Wattellier
- PHASICS S.A., Parc technologique de Saint Aubin, Route de l'Orme des Merisiers, 91190 Saint Aubin, France
| | - Serge Monneret
- Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel UMR 7249, 13013 Marseille, France
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35
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Bon P, Lécart S, Fort E, Lévêque-Fort S. Fast label-free cytoskeletal network imaging in living mammalian cells. Biophys J 2014; 106:1588-95. [PMID: 24739158 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a full-field technique that allows label-free cytoskeletal network imaging inside living cells. This noninvasive technique allows monitoring of the cytoskeleton dynamics as well as interactions between the latter and organelles on any timescale. It is based on high-resolution quantitative phase imaging (modified Quadriwave lateral shearing interferometry) and can be directly implemented using any optical microscope without modification. We demonstrate the capability of our setup on fixed and living Chinese hamster ovary cells, showing the cytoskeleton dynamics in lamellipodia during protrusion and mitochondria displacement along the cytoskeletal network. In addition, using the quantitative function of the technique, along with simulation tools, we determined the refractive index of a single tubulin microtubule to be ntubu=2.36±0.6 at λ=527 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Bon
- Institut Langevin, ESPCI ParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France; Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Orsay, France.
| | - Sandrine Lécart
- Centre de photonique Biomédicale, University Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Emmanuel Fort
- Institut Langevin, ESPCI ParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Lévêque-Fort
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Orsay, France; Centre de photonique Biomédicale, University Paris Sud, Orsay, France
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36
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Ling T, Yang Y, Yue X, Liu D, Ma Y, Bai J, Wang K. Common-path and compact wavefront diagnosis system based on cross grating lateral shearing interferometer. APPLIED OPTICS 2014; 53:7144-7152. [PMID: 25402805 DOI: 10.1364/ao.53.007144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A common-path and compact wavefront diagnosis system for both continuous and transient wavefronts measurement is proposed based on cross grating lateral shearing interferometer (CGLSI). Derived from the basic CGLSI configuration, this system employs an aplanatic lens to convert the wavefront under test into a convergent beam, which makes it possible for CGLSI to test the wavefront of collimated beams. A geometrical optics model for grating pitch determination and a Fresnel diffraction model for order selection mask design are presented. Then a detailed analysis about the influence of the grating pitch, the distance from the cross grating to the order selection mask and the numerical aperture of the aplanatic lens on the system error is made, and a calibration method is proposed to eliminate the system error. In addition, the differential Zernike polynomials fitting method is introduced for wavefront retrieval. Before our experiment, we have designed several grating pitches and their corresponding order selection mask parameters. In the final comparative experiment with ZYGO interferometer, the wavefront diagnosis system exhibits both high precision and repeatability.
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37
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Bon P, Aknoun S, Monneret S, Wattellier B. Enhanced 3D spatial resolution in quantitative phase microscopy using spatially incoherent illumination. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:8654-71. [PMID: 24718236 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.008654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We describe the use of spatially incoherent illumination to make quantitative phase imaging of a semi-transparent sample, even out of the paraxial approximation. The image volume electromagnetic field is collected by scanning the image planes with a quadriwave lateral shearing interferometer, while the sample is spatially incoherently illuminated. In comparison to coherent quantitative phase measurements, incoherent illumination enriches the 3D collected spatial frequencies leading to 3D resolution increase (up to a factor 2). The image contrast loss introduced by the incoherent illumination is simulated and used to compensate the measurements. This restores the quantitative value of phase and intensity. Experimental contrast loss compensation and 3D resolution increase is presented using polystyrene and TiO(2) micro-beads. Our approach will be useful to make diffraction tomography reconstruction with a simplified setup.
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38
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Rizzi J, Mercère P, Idir M, Silva PD, Vincent G, Primot J. X-ray phase contrast imaging and noise evaluation using a single phase grating interferometer. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:17340-51. [PMID: 23938580 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.017340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we present some quantitative measurements of X-ray phase contrast images and noise evaluation obtained with a recent grating based X-ray phase contrast interferometer. This device is built using a single phase grating and a large broadband X-ray source. It was calibrated using a reference sample and finally used to perform measurements of a biological fossil: a mosquito trapped in amber. As phase images, noise was evaluated from the measured interferograms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rizzi
- ONERA, The French Aerospace Laboratory, Chemin de la Hunière, 91761 Palaiseau, France.
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39
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Horisaki R, Piponnier M, Druart G, Guérineau N, Primot J, Goudail F, Taboury J, Tanida J. Regularized image reconstruction for continuously self-imaging gratings. APPLIED OPTICS 2013; 52:3802-3811. [PMID: 23736336 DOI: 10.1364/ao.52.003802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate two image reconstruction schemes for continuously self-imaging gratings (CSIGs). CSIGs are diffractive optical elements that generate a depth-invariant propagation pattern and sample objects with a sparse spatial frequency spectrum. To compensate for the sparse sampling, we apply two methods with different regularizations for CSIG imaging. The first method employs continuity of the spatial frequency spectrum, and the second one uses sparsity of the intensity pattern. The two methods are demonstrated with simulations and experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Horisaki
- Department of Information and Physical Sciences, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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40
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Rutishauser S, Rack A, Weitkamp T, Kayser Y, David C, Macrander AT. Heat bump on a monochromator crystal measured with X-ray grating interferometry. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2013; 20:300-305. [PMID: 23412487 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049513001817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Deformation of the first crystal of an X-ray monochromator under the heat load of a high-power beam, commonly referred to as `heat bump', is a challenge frequently faced at synchrotron beamlines. Here, quantitative measurements of the deformations of an externally water-cooled silicon (111) double-crystal monochromator tuned to a photon energy of 17.6 keV are reported. These measurements were made using two-dimensional hard X-ray grating interferometry, a technique that enables in situ at-wavelength wavefront investigations with high angular sensitivity. The observed crystal deformations were of the order of 100 nm in the meridional and 5 nm in the sagittal direction, which lead to wavefront slope errors of up to 4 µrad in the meridional and a few hundred nanoradians in the sagittal direction.
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41
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Bon P, Monneret S, Wattellier B. Noniterative boundary-artifact-free wavefront reconstruction from its derivatives. APPLIED OPTICS 2012; 51:5698-704. [PMID: 22885583 DOI: 10.1364/ao.51.005698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Wavefront sensors are usually based on measuring the wavefront derivatives. The most commonly used approach to quantitatively reconstruct the wavefront uses discrete Fourier transform, which leads to artifacts when phase objects are located at the image borders. We propose here a simple approach to avoid these artifacts based on the duplication and antisymmetrization of the derivatives data, in the derivative direction, before integration. This approach completely erases the border effects by creating continuity and differentiability at the edge of the image. We finally compare this corrected approach to the literature on model images and quantitative phase images of biological microscopic samples, and discuss the effects of the artifacts on the particular application of dry mass measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Bon
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut Fresnel, Campus de Saint-Jérôme, 13013 Marseille, France
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42
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Bon P, Savatier J, Merlin M, Wattellier B, Monneret S. Optical detection and measurement of living cell morphometric features with single-shot quantitative phase microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2012; 17:076004. [PMID: 22894487 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.17.7.076004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We present a quadriwave lateral shearing interferometer used as a wavefront sensor and mounted on a commercial non-modified transmission white-light microscope as a quantitative phase imaging technique. The setup is designed to simultaneously make measurements with both quantitative transmission phase and fluorescence modes: phase enables enhanced contrasted visualization of the cell structure including intracellular organelles, while fluorescence allows a complete and precise identification of each component. After the characterization of the phase measurement reliability and sensitivity on calibrated samples, we use these two imaging modes to measure the characteristic optical path difference between subcellular elements (mitochondria, actin fibers, and vesicles) and cell medium, and demonstrate that phase-only information should be sufficient to identify some organelles without any labeling, like lysosomes. Proof of principle results show that the technique could be used either as a qualitative tool for the control of cells before an experiment, or for quantitative studies on morphology, behavior, and dynamics of cells or cellular components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Bon
- Aix-Marseille Université, Ecole Centrale Marseille, CNRS UMR 7249, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
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43
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Paurisse M, Lévèque L, Hanna M, Druon F, Georges P. Complete measurement of fiber modal content by wavefront analysis. OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 20:4074-4084. [PMID: 22418166 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.004074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We propose and demonstrate the use of a wavefront analyzer based on lateral shearing interferometry to characterize the modal content of multimode fibers. This wavefront measurement technique is applied to large mode area fibers, and allows us to recover both the intensity and relative phase of each guided mode. This constitutes an innovative complete characterization of the beam, and might be used as a probe in deterministic active wavefront correction techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Paurisse
- Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d’Optique, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, RD128 Palaiseau Cedex, France.
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44
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Piponnier M, Druart G, Guérineau N, de Bougrenet JL, Primot J. Optimal conditions for using the binary approximation of continuously self-imaging gratings. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:23054-23066. [PMID: 22109185 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.023054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Diffractive Optical Elements (DOE), that generate a propagation-invariant transverse intensity pattern, can be used for metrology and imaging application because they provide a very wide depth of focus. However, exact implementation of such DOE is not easy, so we generally code the transmittance by a binary approximation. In this paper, we will study the influence of the binary approximation of Continuously Self-Imaging Gratings (CSIG) on the propagated intensity pattern, for amplitude or phase coding. We will thus demonstrate that under specific conditions, parasitic effects due to the binarization disappear and we retrieve the theoretical non-diffracting property of CSIG's.
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45
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Rizzi J, Weitkamp T, Guérineau N, Idir M, Mercère P, Druart G, Vincent G, da Silva P, Primot J. Quadriwave lateral shearing interferometry in an achromatic and continuously self-imaging regime for future x-ray phase imaging. OPTICS LETTERS 2011; 36:1398-400. [PMID: 21499369 DOI: 10.1364/ol.36.001398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We present in this Letter a type of quadriwave lateral shearing interferometer for x-ray phase imaging. This device is based on a phase chessboard, and we take advantage of the large spectrum of the source to produce interferograms with a propagation-invariant contrast. Such a grating has been created for hard x-ray interferometry and experimentally tested on a synchrotron beamline at Soleil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Rizzi
- ONERA, The French Aerospace Lab, Chemin de la Huniere, 91761 Palaiseau, France.
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46
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Plateau GR, Matlis NH, Geddes CGR, Gonsalves AJ, Shiraishi S, Lin C, van Mourik RA, Leemans WP. Wavefront-sensor-based electron density measurements for laser-plasma accelerators. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2010; 81:033108. [PMID: 20370162 DOI: 10.1063/1.3360889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of the electron density in laser produced plasmas is presented using direct wavefront analysis of a probe laser beam. The performance of a laser-driven plasma-wakefield accelerator depends on the plasma wavelength and hence on the electron density. Density measurements using a conventional folded-wave interferometer and using a commercial wavefront sensor are compared for different regimes of the laser-plasma accelerator. It is shown that direct wavefront measurements agree with interferometric measurements and, because of the robustness of the compact commercial device, offer greater phase sensitivity and straightforward analysis, improving shot-to-shot plasma density diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Plateau
- LOASIS Program, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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47
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Bon P, Maucort G, Wattellier B, Monneret S. Quadriwave lateral shearing interferometry for quantitative phase microscopy of living cells. OPTICS EXPRESS 2009; 17:13080-94. [PMID: 19654713 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.013080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Phase imaging with a high-resolution wavefront sensor is considered. This is based on a quadriwave lateral shearing interferometer mounted on a non-modified transmission white-light microscope. The measurement technology is explained both in the scope of wave optics and geometrical optics in order to discuss its implementation on a conventional microscope. In particular we consider the effect of a non spatially coherent source on the phase-image signal-to-noise ratio. Precise measurements of the phase-shift introduced by microscopic beads or giant unilamellar vesicles validate the principle and show the accuracy of the methods. Diffraction limited images of living COS-7 cells are then presented, with a particular focus on the membrane and organelle dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Bon
- Aix-Marseille Université, Ecole Centrale Marseille, CNRS, Institut Fresnel, Campus de Saint-Jérôme, 13013 Marseille, France.
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48
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Zhao LP, Bai N, Li X, Fang ZP, Zhong ZW, Hein AA. Improving the system stability of a digital Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor with a special lenslet array. APPLIED OPTICS 2009; 48:A71-A74. [PMID: 19107158 DOI: 10.1364/ao.48.000a71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
There has been very limited study on the stability of a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor (SHWS) since its emergence in the early 1970s. In this paper, through experimental study of the system stability of a digital SHWS, a special lenslet array with long focal range is designed and implemented with a spatial light modulator to improve the system performance. Diffractive lenses with long focal length range can provide pseudo-nondiffracting beams and a long range of focusing plane. The performance and effect of the modified SHWS with this lenslet array are investigated, and the experimental results show that the system stability and measurement repeatability are not sensitive to the sensing distance and stay at an acceptable level.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Zhao
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, 71 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 638075.
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49
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Toulon B, Vincent G, Haidar R, Guérineau N, Collin S, Pelouard JL, Primot J. Holistic characterization of complex transmittances generated by infrared sub-wavelength gratings. OPTICS EXPRESS 2008; 16:7060-7070. [PMID: 18545410 DOI: 10.1364/oe.16.007060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We present a characterization technique of wide-area subwavelength structures. The optical bench is based on lateral shearing interferometry, which allows an accurate complex transmittance (phase and amplitude) measurement. The experimental validation is made in the long-wavelength infrared domain; more precisely we work in the integrated 8-9 microm spectral range. Measurements of the transmitted amplitude and phase shift reveal a good agreement with respectively experimental results based on Fourier Transform infrared spectrometry, and theoretical simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Toulon
- ONERA, The French Aerospace Lab, Chemin de la Hunière, F-91761 Palaiseau Cedex, France
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50
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Druart G, Guérineau N, Haïdar R, Primot J, Chavel P, Taboury J. Nonparaxial analysis of continuous self-imaging gratings in oblique illumination. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2007; 24:3379-87. [PMID: 17912335 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.24.003379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Tolerance in angles of continuously self-imaging gratings (CSIGs) is explored. The degradation in angle of the shape of the point-spread function is theoretically investigated and illustrated by simulations and experiments. The formalism presented is inspired by the one used for classical lenses and can be easily generalized to diffraction gratings. It turns out that well-designed CSIGs could be used for scanning optical systems requiring a large field of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Druart
- Office National d'Etudes et de Recherches Aérospatiales, Chemin de Hunière, 91761 Palaiseau Cedex, France.
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