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Cho Y, Lee W, Sin H, Oh S, Choi KC, Jun JH. Non-Invasive Alcohol Concentration Measurement Using a Spectroscopic Module: Outlook for the Development of a Drunk Driving Prevention System. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:2252. [PMID: 38610464 PMCID: PMC11014244 DOI: 10.3390/s24072252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol acts as a central nervous system depressant and falls under the category of psychoactive drugs. It has the potential to impair vital bodily functions, including cognitive alertness, muscle coordination, and induce fatigue. Taking the wheel after consuming alcohol can lead to delayed responses in emergency situations and increases the likelihood of collisions with obstacles or suddenly appearing objects. Statistically, drivers under the influence of alcohol are seven times more likely to cause accidents compared to sober individuals. Various techniques and methods for alcohol measurement have been developed. The widely used breathalyzer, which requires direct contact with the mouth, raises concerns about hygiene. Methods like chromatography require skilled examiners, while semiconductor sensors exhibit instability in sensitivity over measurement time and has a short lifespan, posing structural challenges. Non-dispersive infrared analyzers face structural limitations, and in-vehicle air detection methods are susceptible to external influences, necessitating periodic calibration. Despite existing research and technologies, there remain several limitations, including sensitivity to external factors such as temperature, humidity, hygiene consideration, and the requirement for periodic calibration. Hence, there is a demand for a novel technology that can address these shortcomings. This study delved into the near-infrared wavelength range to investigate optimal wavelengths for non-invasively measuring blood alcohol concentration. Furthermore, we conducted an analysis of the optical characteristics of biological substances, integrated these data into a mathematical model, and demonstrated that alcohol concentration can be accurately sensed using the first-order modeling equation at the optimal wavelength. The goal is to minimize user infection and hygiene issues through a non-destructive and non-invasive method, while applying a compact spectrometer sensor suitable for button-type ignition devices in vehicles. Anticipated applications of this study encompass diverse industrial sectors, including the development of non-invasive ignition button-based alcohol prevention systems, surgeon's alcohol consumption status in the operating room, screening heavy equipment operators for alcohol use, and detecting alcohol use in close proximity to hazardous machinery within factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yechan Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Konkuk University, Chungju-si 27478, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea; (Y.C.); (W.L.); (H.S.); (S.O.)
| | - Wonjune Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Konkuk University, Chungju-si 27478, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea; (Y.C.); (W.L.); (H.S.); (S.O.)
| | - Heock Sin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Konkuk University, Chungju-si 27478, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea; (Y.C.); (W.L.); (H.S.); (S.O.)
| | - Suseong Oh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Konkuk University, Chungju-si 27478, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea; (Y.C.); (W.L.); (H.S.); (S.O.)
| | - Kyo Chang Choi
- Road Innovation Technology, Jincheon-gun 27856, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jae-Hoon Jun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Konkuk University, Chungju-si 27478, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea; (Y.C.); (W.L.); (H.S.); (S.O.)
- Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Konkuk University, Chungju-si 27478, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
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Song H, Xiong M, Yu C, Ren B, Zhong M, Zhou S, Gao Q, Ou C, Wang X, Lu J, Zeng M, Cai X, Peng Q. Huang-Qi-Jian-Zhong-Tang accelerates healing of indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration in rats via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117264. [PMID: 37783407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Huang-Qi-Jian-Zhong-Tang (HQJZT) is a canonical traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula that has been widely used in both the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, including gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, and chronic atrophic gastritis, in China. AIM OF THE STUDY In the present study, we investigated the gastroprotective potential of HQJZT in a rat model of indomethacin (IND)-induced gastric ulcer and explained the biochemical, cellular, and molecular mechanisms involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS Observations were conducted at the macroscopic level to ascertain the ulcer index (UI) and the curative index (CI). Histopathological examinations were conducted, and a microscopic score (MS) was computed. The gastric juice volume, total acidity, pH value, and pepsin activity were quantified. Antioxidant and oxidative parameters were assessed, namely GSH, CAT, SOD, and MDA content. The RFLSI Pro instrument was employed to measure the blood flow within the gastric mucosa continuously. The mRNA levels of the inflammatory cytokines were assessed using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). Molecular docking was employed to examine the interaction between representative active components of HQJZT and the binding sites associated with the NF-κB and STAT signaling pathways. The protein expression and localization of p-JAK, p-STAT, p-IκBβ, and p-NF-κB were evaluated through immunofluorescence analysis. RESULTS The administration of HQJZT treatment demonstrated a significant reduction in gastric lesions induced by IND, leading to a notable decrease in the UI. Additionally, HQJZT treatment significantly decreased gastric juice volume, acidity, and pepsin activity, accompanied by increased pH value. IND-treated stomachs exhibited severe hemorrhagic necrosis, submucosal edema, and epithelial cell destruction. However, the administration of HQJZT effectively counteracted these pathological changes. Furthermore, HQJZT administration significantly increased blood flow to the gastric mucosa. HQJZT enhanced antioxidant defenses and modulated oxidative stress by increasing SOD, CAT, and GSH activities while reducing MDA levels. Moreover, HQJZT reversed IND-induced increases in mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines. Molecular docking analysis revealed that the representative active components of HQJZT could bind to the NF-κB and STAT signaling pathways. In addition, immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that HQJZT markedly attenuated the phosphorylation of IκΒβ, NF-κB, JAK, and STAT. CONCLUSIONS The therapeutic and protective effect of HQJZT on gastric ulcers is attributed to its ability to suppress gastric acid secretion, enhance antioxidative defenses and blood flow, mitigate proinflammatory cytokines, and inhibit the activation of NF-κB and STAT signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houpan Song
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Meng Xiong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Chang Yu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Baoping Ren
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Meiqi Zhong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Shunhua Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Qing Gao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Chen Ou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Jing Lu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Meiyan Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Xiong Cai
- School of International Education, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Qinghua Peng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Diseases with Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
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