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Hatami M, Nevozhay D, Singh M, Schill A, Boerner P, Aglyamov S, Sokolov K, Larin KV. Nanobomb optical coherence elastography in multilayered phantoms. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:5670-5681. [PMID: 38021113 PMCID: PMC10659790 DOI: 10.1364/boe.502576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Many tissues are composed of layered structures, and a better understanding of the changes in the layered tissue biomechanics can enable advanced guidance and monitoring of therapy. The advent of elastography using longitudinally propagating shear waves (LSWs) has created the prospect of a high-resolution assessment of depth-dependent tissue elasticity. Laser activation of liquid-to-gas phase transition of dye-loaded perfluorocarbon (PFC) nanodroplets (a.k.a., nanobombs) can produce highly localized LSWs. This study aims to leverage the potential of photoactivation of nanobombs to incudce LSWs with very high-frequency content in wave-based optical coherence elastography (OCE) to estimate the elasticity gradient with high resolution. In this work, we used multilayered tissue-mimicking phantoms to demonstrate that highly localized nanobomb (NB)-induced LSWs can discriminate depth-wise tissue elasticity gradients. The results show that the NB-induced LSWs rapidly change speed when transitioning between layers with different mechanical properties, resulting in an elasticity resolution of ∼65 µm. These results show promise for characterizing the elasticity of multilayer tissue with a fine resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hatami
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Dmitry Nevozhay
- Department of Imaging Physics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Manmohan Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Alexander Schill
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Paul Boerner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Salavat Aglyamov
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Konstantin Sokolov
- Department of Imaging Physics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Kirill V Larin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
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Lan G, Twa MD, Song C, Feng J, Huang Y, Xu J, Qin J, An L, Wei X. In vivo corneal elastography: A topical review of challenges and opportunities. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:2664-2687. [PMID: 37181662 PMCID: PMC10173410 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical measurement of corneal biomechanics can aid in the early diagnosis, progression tracking, and treatment evaluation of ocular diseases. Over the past two decades, interdisciplinary collaborations between investigators in optical engineering, analytical biomechanical modeling, and clinical research has expanded our knowledge of corneal biomechanics. These advances have led to innovations in testing methods (ex vivo, and recently, in vivo) across multiple spatial and strain scales. However, in vivo measurement of corneal biomechanics remains a long-standing challenge and is currently an active area of research. Here, we review the existing and emerging approaches for in vivo corneal biomechanics evaluation, which include corneal applanation methods, such as ocular response analyzer (ORA) and corneal visualization Scheimpflug technology (Corvis ST), Brillouin microscopy, and elastography methods, and the emerging field of optical coherence elastography (OCE). We describe the fundamental concepts, analytical methods, and current clinical status for each of these methods. Finally, we discuss open questions for the current state of in vivo biomechanics assessment techniques and requirements for wider use that will further broaden our understanding of corneal biomechanics for the detection and management of ocular diseases, and improve the safety and efficacy of future clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongpu Lan
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology Joint Laboratory, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
- Weiren Meditech Co., Ltd., Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Michael D Twa
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States
| | - Chengjin Song
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology Joint Laboratory, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - JinPing Feng
- Institute of Engineering and Technology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, China
| | - Yanping Huang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology Joint Laboratory, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
- Weiren Meditech Co., Ltd., Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Jingjiang Xu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology Joint Laboratory, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
- Weiren Meditech Co., Ltd., Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Jia Qin
- Weiren Meditech Co., Ltd., Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Lin An
- Weiren Meditech Co., Ltd., Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Xunbin Wei
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Peking University, Beijing 100081, China
- International Cancer Institute, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
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Levy BE, Oldenburg AL. Elastometry of clot phantoms via magnetomotive ultrasound-based resonant acoustic spectroscopy. Phys Med Biol 2022; 67. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac7ea5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective. An ultrasound-based system capable of both imaging thrombi against a dark field and performing quantitative elastometry could allow for fast and cost-effective thrombosis diagnosis, staging, and treatment monitoring. This study investigates a contrast-enhanced approach for measuring the Young’s moduli of thrombus-mimicking phantoms. Approach. Magnetomotive ultrasound (MMUS) has shown promise for lending specific contrast to thrombi by applying a temporally modulated force to magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) contrast agents and measuring resulting tissue displacements. However, quantitative elastometry has not yet been demonstrated in MMUS, largely due to difficulties inherent in measuring applied magnetic forces and MNP densities. To avoid these issues, in this work magnetomotive resonant acoustic spectroscopy (MRAS) is demonstrated for the first time in ultrasound. Main results. The resonance frequencies of gelatin thrombus-mimicking phantoms are shown to agree within one standard deviation with finite element simulations over a range of phantom sizes and Young’s moduli with less than 16% error. Then, in a proof-of-concept study, the Young’s moduli of three phantoms are measured using MRAS and are shown to agree with independent compression testing results. Significance. The MRAS results were sufficiently precise to differentiate between thrombus phantoms with clinically relevant Young’s moduli. These findings demonstrate that MRAS has potential for thrombus staging.
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Rezabeigi E, Schmitt C, Hadj Henni A, Barkun AN, Nazhat SN. In Vitro Evaluation of Real-Time Viscoelastic and Coagulation Properties of Various Classes of Topical Hemostatic Agents Using a Novel Contactless Nondestructive Technology. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:16047-16061. [PMID: 35352550 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hemorrhaging is the main cause of death among combat and civilian injuries and has significant clinical and economic consequences. Despite their vital roles in bleeding management, an optimal topical hemostatic agent (HA) has yet to be developed for a particular scenario. This is partly due to a lack of an overarching quantitative testing technology to characterize the various classes of HAs in vitro. Herein, the feasibility of a novel, contactless, and nondestructive technique to quantitatively measure the shear storage modulus (G') and clotting properties of whole blood in contact with different dosages of eight topical HAs, including particulates and gauze-like and sponge-like systems, was assessed. The real-time G'-time profiles of these blood/HA systems revealed their distinct biomechanical behavior to induce and impact coagulation. These were analyzed to characterize the clot initiation time, clotting rate, clotting time, and apparent stiffness of the formed clots (both immediately and temporally), which were correlated with their reported hemostatic mechanisms of action. Moreover, the HAs that worked independently from the natural blood clotting cascade were identified and quantified through this technology. In sum, this study indicated that the nondestructive nature of the technology may offer a promising tool for accurate, quantitative in vitro measurements of the clotting properties of various classes of HAs, which may be used to better predict their in vivo outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Rezabeigi
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Cédric Schmitt
- Rheolution Inc., 5333 Avenue Casgrain, Suite 601, Montreal, Quebec H2T 1X3, Canada
| | - Anis Hadj Henni
- Rheolution Inc., 5333 Avenue Casgrain, Suite 601, Montreal, Quebec H2T 1X3, Canada
| | - Alan N Barkun
- Division of Gastroenterology, The McGill University Health Center, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Showan N Nazhat
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C5, Canada
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Singh M, Zvietcovich F, Larin KV. Introduction to optical coherence elastography: tutorial. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2022; 39:418-430. [PMID: 35297425 PMCID: PMC10052825 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.444808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence elastography (OCE) has seen rapid growth since its introduction in 1998. The past few decades have seen tremendous advancements in the development of OCE technology and a wide range of applications, including the first clinical applications. This tutorial introduces the basics of solid mechanics, which form the foundation of all elastography methods. We then describe how OCE measurements of tissue motion can be used to quantify tissue biomechanical parameters. We also detail various types of excitation methods, imaging systems, acquisition schemes, and data processing algorithms and how various parameters associated with each step of OCE imaging can affect the final quantitation of biomechanical properties. Finally, we discuss the future of OCE, its potential, and the next steps required for OCE to become an established medical imaging technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manmohan Singh
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Fernando Zvietcovich
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
- Department of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru, San Miguel, Lima 15088, Peru
| | - Kirill V. Larin
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Zvietcovich F, Larin KV. Wave-based optical coherence elastography: The 10-year perspective. PROGRESS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING (BRISTOL, ENGLAND) 2022; 4:012007. [PMID: 35187403 PMCID: PMC8856668 DOI: 10.1088/2516-1091/ac4512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
After 10 years of progress and innovation, optical coherence elastography (OCE) based on the propagation of mechanical waves has become one of the major and the most studied OCE branches, producing a fundamental impact in the quantitative and nondestructive biomechanical characterization of tissues. Preceding previous progress made in ultrasound and magnetic resonance elastography; wave-based OCE has pushed to the limit the advance of three major pillars: (1) implementation of novel wave excitation methods in tissues, (2) understanding new types of mechanical waves in complex boundary conditions by proposing advance analytical and numerical models, and (3) the development of novel estimators capable of retrieving quantitative 2D/3D biomechanical information of tissues. This remarkable progress promoted a major advance in answering basic science questions and the improvement of medical disease diagnosis and treatment monitoring in several types of tissues leading, ultimately, to the first attempts of clinical trials and translational research aiming to have wave-based OCE working in clinical environments. This paper summarizes the fundamental up-to-date principles and categories of wave-based OCE, revises the timeline and the state-of-the-art techniques and applications lying in those categories, and concludes with a discussion on the current challenges and future directions, including clinical translation research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Zvietcovich
- University of Houston, Biomedical Engineering, Houston, TX, United States, 77204
| | - Kirill V. Larin
- University of Houston, Biomedical Engineering, Houston, TX, United States, 77204,
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Huang PC, Chaney EJ, Aksamitiene E, Barkalifa R, Spillman DR, Bogan BJ, Boppart SA. Biomechanical sensing of in vivo magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia-treated melanoma using magnetomotive optical coherence elastography. Theranostics 2021; 11:5620-5633. [PMID: 33897871 PMCID: PMC8058715 DOI: 10.7150/thno.55333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia (MH) therapy is capable of thermally damaging tumor cells, yet a biomechanically-sensitive monitoring method for the applied thermal dosage has not been established. Biomechanical changes to tissue are known indicators for tumor diagnosis due to its association with the structural organization and composition of tissues at the cellular and molecular level. Here, by exploiting the theranostic functionality of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), we aim to explore the potential of using stiffness-based metrics that reveal the intrinsic biophysical changes of in vivo melanoma tumors after MH therapy. Methods: A total of 14 melanoma-bearing mice were intratumorally injected with dextran-coated MNPs, enabling MH treatment upon the application of an alternating magnetic field (AMF) at 64.7 kHz. The presence of the MNP heating sources was detected by magnetomotive optical coherence tomography (MM-OCT). For the first time, the elasticity alterations of the hyperthermia-treated, MNP-laden, in vivo tumors were also measured with magnetomotive optical coherence elastography (MM-OCE), based on the mechanical resonant frequency detected. To investigate the correlation between stiffness changes and the intrinsic biological changes, histopathology was performed on the excised tumor after the in vivo measurements. Results: Distinct shifts in mechanical resonant frequency were observed only in the MH-treated group, suggesting a heat-induced stiffness change in the melanoma tumor. Moreover, tumor cellularity, protein conformation, and temperature rise all play a role in tumor stiffness changes after MH treatment. With low cellularity, tumor softens after MH even with low temperature elevation. In contrast, with high cellularity, tumor softening occurs only with a low temperature rise, which is potentially due to protein unfolding, whereas tumor stiffening was seen with a higher temperature rise, likely due to protein denaturation. Conclusions: This study exploits the theranostic functionality of MNPs and investigates the MH-induced stiffness change on in vivo melanoma-bearing mice with MM-OCT and MM-OCE for the first time. It was discovered that the elasticity alteration of the melanoma tumor after MH treatment depends on both thermal dosage and the morphological features of the tumor. In summary, changes in tissue-level elasticity can potentially be a physically and physiologically meaningful metric and integrative therapeutic marker for MH treatment, while MM-OCE can be a suitable dosimetry technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Chieh Huang
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - Eric J. Chaney
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - Edita Aksamitiene
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - Ronit Barkalifa
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - Darold R. Spillman
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - Bethany J. Bogan
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - Stephen A. Boppart
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
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8
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Naseri S, Koushki N, Rezabeigi E, Ehrlicher A, Nazhat SN. A nondestructive contactless technique to assess the viscoelasticity of blood clots in real-time. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 110:103921. [PMID: 32957216 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
There is a need for reliable and quantitative real-time assessment of blood properties to study and treat a broad spectrum of disorders and cardiovascular diseases as well as to test the efficacy of hemostatic agents. In this study, the real-time changes in viscoelastic/rheological properties of bovine whole blood during coagulation induced by different concentrations of calcium chloride (CaCl2; 15, 25, 35 and 45 mM) was investigated. For this purpose, a novel, contactless technique was used to accurately measure the clotting characteristics under controlled and sterile conditions. It was demonstrated that, increasing the calcium concentration from low values (i.e., 15 and 25 mM), led to shorter reaction time; however, a further increase in calcium concentration (i.e., 35 and 45 mM) favored longer reaction times. Additionally, increasing the CaCl2 concentration resulted in higher shear storage modulus (i.e., stiffer clots). These results were also comparable to those generated by thromboelastrograph, a clinically established technique, as well as a conventional rheometer, which quantitatively verified the high correlation of the shear storage modulus data. In sum, the non-destructive testing technique used in this study is reproducible and sensitive in measuring clot formation kinetics, which could be applied to assess the efficacy of hemostatic agents, and may also contribute to better diagnosing relevant circulatory system diseases and conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Naseri
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Newsha Koushki
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ehsan Rezabeigi
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Allen Ehrlicher
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Showan N Nazhat
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Li Y, Moon S, Chen JJ, Zhu Z, Chen Z. Ultrahigh-sensitive optical coherence elastography. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2020; 9:58. [PMID: 32337022 PMCID: PMC7154028 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-0297-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The phase stability of an optical coherence elastography (OCE) system is the key determining factor for achieving a precise elasticity measurement, and it can be affected by the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), timing jitters in the signal acquisition process, and fluctuations in the optical path difference (OPD) between the sample and reference arms. In this study, we developed an OCE system based on swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) with a common-path configuration (SS-OCECP). Our system has a phase stability of 4.2 mrad without external stabilization or extensive post-processing, such as averaging. This phase stability allows us to detect a displacement as small as ~300 pm. A common-path interferometer was incorporated by integrating a 3-mm wedged window into the SS-OCT system to provide intrinsic compensation for polarization and dispersion mismatch, as well as to minimize phase fluctuations caused by the OPD variation. The wedged window generates two reference signals that produce two OCT images, allowing for averaging to improve the SNR. Furthermore, the electrical components are optimized to minimize the timing jitters and prevent edge collisions by adjusting the delays between the trigger, k-clock, and signal, utilizing a high-speed waveform digitizer, and incorporating a high-bandwidth balanced photodetector. We validated the SS-OCECP performance in a tissue-mimicking phantom and an in vivo rabbit model, and the results demonstrated a significantly improved phase stability compared to that of the conventional SS-OCE. To the best of our knowledge, we demonstrated the first SS-OCECP system, which possesses high-phase stability and can be utilized to significantly improve the sensitivity of elastography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92612 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617 USA
| | - Sucbei Moon
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92612 USA
- Department of Physics, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707 South Korea
| | - Jason J. Chen
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92612 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617 USA
| | - Zhikai Zhu
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92612 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617 USA
| | - Zhongping Chen
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92612 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617 USA
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Huang PC, Chaney EJ, Iyer RR, Spillman DR, Odintsov B, Sobh NA, Boppart SA. Interstitial magnetic thermotherapy dosimetry based on shear wave magnetomotive optical coherence elastography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:539-551. [PMID: 30800498 PMCID: PMC6377902 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.000539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
While magnetic thermoseeds are often utilized in interstitial magnetic thermotherapy (iMT) to enable localized tumor ablation, we propose to extend their use as the perturbative source in magnetomotive optical coherence elastography (MM-OCE) so that the heat-induced elasticity alterations can be 'theranostically' probed. MM-OCE measurements were found to agree with indentation results. Tissue stiffening was visualized on iMT-treated porcine liver and canine soft tissue sarcoma specimens, where histology confirmed thermal damages. Additionally, the elasticity was found to increase exponentially and linearly with the conventional thermal dosage metrics and the deposited thermal energy, respectively. Collectively, a physiologically-meaningful, MM-OCE-based iMT dosimetry is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Chieh Huang
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1406 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Eric J. Chaney
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Rishyashring R. Iyer
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 306 N Wright St, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Darold R. Spillman
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Boris Odintsov
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Nahil A. Sobh
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Stephen A. Boppart
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1406 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 306 N Wright St, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Carle-Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 807 S Wright St, Champaign, Illinois 61820, USA
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Shih CC, Qian X, Ma T, Han Z, Huang CC, Zhou Q, Shung KK. Quantitative Assessment of Thin-Layer Tissue Viscoelastic Properties Using Ultrasonic Micro-Elastography With Lamb Wave Model. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2018; 37:1887-1898. [PMID: 29993652 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2018.2820157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing the viscoelastic properties of thin-layer tissues with micro-level thickness has long remained challenging. Recently, several micro-elastography techniques have been developed to improve the spatial resolution. However, most of these techniques have not considered the medium boundary conditions when evaluating the viscoelastic properties of thin-layer tissues such as arteries and corneas; this might lead to estimation bias or errors. This paper aims to integrate the Lamb wave model with our previously developed ultrasonic micro-elastography imaging system for obtaining accurate viscoelastic properties in thin-layer tissues. A 4.5-MHz ring transducer was used to generate an acoustic radiation force for inducing tissue displacements to produce guided wave, and the wave propagation was detected using a confocally aligned 40-MHz needle transducer. The phase velocity and attenuation were obtained from k-space by both the impulse and the harmonic methods. The measured phase velocity was fit using the Lamb wave model with the Kelvin-Voigt model. Phantom experiments were conducted using 7% and 12% gelatin and 1.5% agar phantoms with different thicknesses (2, 3, and 4 mm). Biological experiments were performed on porcine cornea and rabbit carotid artery ex vivo. Thin-layer phantoms with different thicknesses were confirmed to have the same elasticity; this was consistent with the estimates of bulk phantoms from mechanical tests and the shear wave rheological model. The trend of the measured attenuations was also confirmed with the viscosity results obtained using the Lamb wave model. Through the impulse and harmonic methods, the shear viscoelasticity values were estimated to be 8.2 kPa for $0.9~\text {Pa}{\cdot} \text {s}$ and 9.6 kPa for $0.8~\text {Pa}{\cdot} \text {s}$ in the cornea and 27.9 kPa for $0.1~\text {Pa}\cdot \text {s}$ and 26.5 kPa for $0.1~\text {Pa}\cdot \text {s}$ in the artery.
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12
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Liu CH, Nevozhay D, Schill A, Singh M, Das S, Nair A, Han Z, Aglyamov S, Larin KV, Sokolov KV. Nanobomb optical coherence elastography. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:2006-2009. [PMID: 29714732 PMCID: PMC5973512 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.002006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Wave-based optical elastography is rapidly emerging as a powerful technique for quantifying tissue biomechanical properties due to its noninvasive nature and high displacement sensitivity. However, current approaches are limited in their ability to produce high-frequency waves and highly localized mechanical stress. In this Letter, we demonstrate that the rapid liquid-to-gas phase transition of dye-loaded perfluorocarbon nanodroplets ("nanobombs") initiated by a pulsed laser can produce highly localized, high-frequency, and broadband elastic waves. The waves were detected by an ultra-fast line-field low-coherence holography system. For comparison, we also excited waves using a focused micro-air-pulse. Results from tissue-mimicking phantoms showed that the nanobombs produced elastic waves with frequencies up to ∼9 kHz, which was much greater than the ∼2 kHz waves excited by the air-pulse. Consequently, the nanobombs enabled more accurate quantification of sample viscoelasticity. Combined with their potential for functionalization, the nanobombs show promise for accurate and highly specific noncontact all-optical elastography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hao Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Texas, 77204, USA
| | - Dmitry Nevozhay
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, 690090, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Schill
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Texas, 77204, USA
| | - Manmohan Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Texas, 77204, USA
| | - Susobhan Das
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Texas, 77204, USA
| | - Achuth Nair
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Texas, 77204, USA
| | - Zhaolong Han
- School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, P. R. China
| | - Salavat Aglyamov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Texas, 77204, USA
| | - Kirill V. Larin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Texas, 77204, USA
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biophotonics, Tomsk State University, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin V. Sokolov
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Texas, 77030, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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13
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Chen X, Wang Y, Lu J, Li P. Simultaneous viscosity and elasticity measurement using laser speckle contrast imaging. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:1582-1585. [PMID: 29601035 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.001582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Viscosity and elasticity are closely related to the physiological characteristics of biological tissues. This Letter reports a simultaneous quantitative measurement of these parameters realized with the laser speckle contrast imaging method. The propagation of a Rayleigh wave induced by an acoustic speaker is traced, and the frequency-dependent velocity dispersion is extracted with the frequency-wavenumber spectrum analysis method. The viscosity and elasticity moduli of oil-in-gelatin tissue-mimicking phantoms are calculated by fitting the dispersion curves to the Voigt model. The method is validated by comparing it with the results obtained by using a conventional mechanical rheometer.
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14
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Huang PC, Chaney EJ, Shelton RL, Boppart SA. Magnetomotive Displacement of the Tympanic Membrane Using Magnetic Nanoparticles: Toward Enhancement of Sound Perception. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2018; 65:2837-2846. [PMID: 29993404 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2018.2819649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A novel hearing-aid scheme using magnetomotive nanoparticles (MNPs) as transducers in the tympanic membrane (TM) is proposed, aiming to noninvasively and directly induce a modulated vibration on the TM. METHODS In this feasibility study, iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles were applied on ex vivo rat TM tissues and allowed to diffuse over ∼2 h. Subsequently, magnetic force was exerted on the MNP-laden TM via a programmable electromagnetic solenoid to induce the magnetomotion. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), along with its phase-sensitive measurement capabilities, was utilized to visualize and quantify the nanometer-scale vibrations generated on the TM tissues. RESULTS The magnetomotive displacements induced on the TM were significantly greater than the baseline vibration of the TM without MNPs. In addition to a pure frequency tone, a chirped excitation and the corresponding spectroscopic response were also successfully generated and obtained. Finally, visualization of volumetric TM dynamics was achieved. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the effectiveness of magnetically inducing vibrations on TMs containing iron oxide nanoparticles, manipulating the amplitude and the frequency of the induced TM motions, and the capability of assessing the magnetomotive dynamics via OCT. SIGNIFICANCE The results demonstrated here suggest the potential use of this noninvasive magnetomotive approach in future hearing aid applications. OCT can be utilized to investigate the magnetomotive dynamics of the TM, which may either enhance sound perception or magnetically induce the perception of sound without the need for acoustic speech signals.
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15
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Zvietcovich F, Rolland JP, Yao J, Meemon P, Parker KJ. Comparative study of shear wave-based elastography techniques in optical coherence tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:35010. [PMID: 28358943 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.3.035010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We compare five optical coherence elastography techniques able to estimate the shear speed of waves generated by one and two sources of excitation. The first two techniques make use of one piezoelectric actuator in order to produce a continuous shear wave propagation or a tone-burst propagation (TBP) of 400 Hz over a gelatin tissue-mimicking phantom. The remaining techniques utilize a second actuator located on the opposite side of the region of interest in order to create three types of interference patterns: crawling waves, swept crawling waves, and standing waves, depending on the selection of the frequency difference between the two actuators. We evaluated accuracy, contrast to noise ratio, resolution, and acquisition time for each technique during experiments. Numerical simulations were also performed in order to support the experimental findings. Results suggest that in the presence of strong internal reflections, single source methods are more accurate and less variable when compared to the two-actuator methods. In particular, TBP reports the best performance with an accuracy error < 4.1 % . Finally, the TBP was tested in a fresh chicken tibialis anterior muscle with a localized thermally ablated lesion in order to evaluate its performance in biological tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Zvietcovich
- University of Rochester, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Jannick P Rolland
- University of Rochester, The Institute of Optics, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Jianing Yao
- University of Rochester, The Institute of Optics, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Panomsak Meemon
- University of Rochester, The Institute of Optics, Rochester, New York, United StatescSuranaree University of Technology, School of Physics, Institute of Science, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Kevin J Parker
- University of Rochester, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rochester, New York, United States
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16
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Larin KV, Sampson DD. Optical coherence elastography - OCT at work in tissue biomechanics [Invited]. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:1172-1202. [PMID: 28271011 PMCID: PMC5330567 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.001172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence elastography (OCE), as the use of OCT to perform elastography has come to be known, began in 1998, around ten years after the rest of the field of elastography - the use of imaging to deduce mechanical properties of tissues. After a slow start, the maturation of OCT technology in the early to mid 2000s has underpinned a recent acceleration in the field. With more than 20 papers published in 2015, and more than 25 in 2016, OCE is growing fast, but still small compared to the companion fields of cell mechanics research methods, and medical elastography. In this review, we describe the early developments in OCE, and the factors that led to the current acceleration. Much of our attention is on the key recent advances, with a strong emphasis on future prospects, which are exceptionally bright.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V Larin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd., Houston, Texas 77204-5060, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA;
| | - David D Sampson
- Optical + Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation & Analysis, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
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17
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Abstract
In vivo imaging, which enables us to peer deeply within living subjects, is producing tremendous opportunities both for clinical diagnostics and as a research tool. Contrast material is often required to clearly visualize the functional architecture of physiological structures. Recent advances in nanomaterials are becoming pivotal to generate the high-resolution, high-contrast images needed for accurate, precision diagnostics. Nanomaterials are playing major roles in imaging by delivering large imaging payloads, yielding improved sensitivity, multiplexing capacity, and modularity of design. Indeed, for several imaging modalities, nanomaterials are now not simply ancillary contrast entities, but are instead the original and sole source of image signal that make possible the modality's existence. We address the physicochemical makeup/design of nanomaterials through the lens of the physical properties that produce contrast signal for the cognate imaging modality-we stratify nanomaterials on the basis of their (i) magnetic, (ii) optical, (iii) acoustic, and/or (iv) nuclear properties. We evaluate them for their ability to provide relevant information under preclinical and clinical circumstances, their in vivo safety profiles (which are being incorporated into their chemical design), their modularity in being fused to create multimodal nanomaterials (spanning multiple different physical imaging modalities and therapeutic/theranostic capabilities), their key properties, and critically their likelihood to be clinically translated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Ronain Smith
- Stanford University , 3155 Porter Drive, #1214, Palo Alto, California 94304-5483, United States
| | - Sanjiv Sam Gambhir
- The James H. Clark Center , 318 Campus Drive, First Floor, E-150A, Stanford, California 94305-5427, United States
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18
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3D mapping of elastic modulus using shear wave optical micro-elastography. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35499. [PMID: 27762276 PMCID: PMC5071855 DOI: 10.1038/srep35499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Elastography provides a powerful tool for histopathological identification and clinical diagnosis based on information from tissue stiffness. Benefiting from high resolution, three-dimensional (3D), and noninvasive optical coherence tomography (OCT), optical micro-elastography has the ability to determine elastic properties with a resolution of ~10 μm in a 3D specimen. The shear wave velocity measurement can be used to quantify the elastic modulus. However, in current methods, shear waves are measured near the surface with an interference of surface waves. In this study, we developed acoustic radiation force (ARF) orthogonal excitation optical coherence elastography (ARFOE-OCE) to visualize shear waves in 3D. This method uses acoustic force perpendicular to the OCT beam to excite shear waves in internal specimens and uses Doppler variance method to visualize shear wave propagation in 3D. The measured propagation of shear waves agrees well with the simulation results obtained from finite element analysis (FEA). Orthogonal acoustic excitation allows this method to measure the shear modulus in a deeper specimen which extends the elasticity measurement range beyond the OCT imaging depth. The results show that the ARFOE-OCE system has the ability to noninvasively determine the 3D elastic map.
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19
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Oldenburg AL, Blackmon RL, Sierchio JM. Magnetic and Plasmonic Contrast Agents in Optical Coherence Tomography. IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS : A PUBLICATION OF THE IEEE LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS SOCIETY 2016; 22:6803913. [PMID: 27429543 PMCID: PMC4941814 DOI: 10.1109/jstqe.2016.2553084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has gained widespread application for many biomedical applications, yet the traditional array of contrast agents used in incoherent imaging modalities do not provide contrast in OCT. Owing to the high biocompatibility of iron oxides and noble metals, magnetic and plasmonic nanoparticles, respectively, have been developed as OCT contrast agents to enable a range of biological and pre-clinical studies. Here we provide a review of these developments within the past decade, including an overview of the physical contrast mechanisms and classes of OCT system hardware addons needed for magnetic and plasmonic nanoparticle contrast. A comparison of the wide variety of nanoparticle systems is also presented, where the figures of merit depend strongly upon the choice of biological application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L. Oldenburg
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, the Department of Biomedical Engineering, and the Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3255 USA
| | - Richard L. Blackmon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3255 USA
| | - Justin M. Sierchio
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3255 USA
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20
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Huang PC, Pande P, Ahmad A, Marjanovic M, Spillman DR, Odintsov B, Boppart SA. Magnetomotive Optical Coherence Elastography for Magnetic Hyperthermia Dosimetry Based on Dynamic Tissue Biomechanics. IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS : A PUBLICATION OF THE IEEE LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS SOCIETY 2016; 22:6802816. [PMID: 28163565 PMCID: PMC5289667 DOI: 10.1109/jstqe.2015.2505147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been used in many diagnostic and therapeutic biomedical applications over the past few decades to enhance imaging contrast, steer drugs to targets, and treat tumors via hyperthermia. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an optical biomedical imaging modality that relies on the detection of backscattered light to generate high-resolution cross-sectional images of biological tissue. MNPs have been utilized as imaging contrast and perturbative mechanical agents in OCT in techniques called magnetomotive OCT (MM-OCT) and magnetomotive elastography (MM-OCE), respectively. MNPs have also been independently used for magnetic hyperthermia treatments, enabling therapeutic functions such as killing tumor cells. It is well known that the localized tissue heating during hyperthermia treatments result in a change in the biomechanical properties of the tissue. Therefore, we propose a novel dosimetric technique for hyperthermia treatment based on the viscoelasticity change detected by MM-OCE, further enabling the theranostic function of MNPs. In this paper, we first review the basic principles and applications of MM-OCT, MM-OCE, and magnetic hyperthermia, and present new preliminary results supporting the concept of MM-OCE-based hyperthermia dosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Chieh Huang
- Biophotonics Imaging Laboratory, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, and the Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA ( )
| | - Paritosh Pande
- Biophotonics Imaging Laboratory and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA ( )
| | - Adeel Ahmad
- Biophotonics Imaging Laboratory and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA ( )
| | - Marina Marjanovic
- Biophotonics Imaging Laboratory, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, and the Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA ( )
| | - Darold R Spillman
- Biophotonics Imaging Laboratory and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA ( )
| | - Boris Odintsov
- Biophotonics Imaging Laboratory and the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA ( )
| | - Stephen A Boppart
- Biophotonics Imaging Laboratory, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, and the Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Bioengineering, and Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA (phone: 217-333-8598; fax: 217-333-5833; )
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21
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Application of Elastography for the Noninvasive Assessment of Biomechanics in Engineered Biomaterials and Tissues. Ann Biomed Eng 2016; 44:705-24. [PMID: 26790865 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-015-1542-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The elastic properties of engineered biomaterials and tissues impact their post-implantation repair potential and structural integrity, and are critical to help regulate cell fate and gene expression. The measurement of properties (e.g., stiffness or shear modulus) can be attained using elastography, which exploits noninvasive imaging modalities to provide functional information of a material indicative of the regeneration state. In this review, we outline the current leading elastography methodologies available to characterize the properties of biomaterials and tissues suitable for repair and mechanobiology research. We describe methods utilizing magnetic resonance, ultrasound, and optical coherent elastography, highlighting their potential for longitudinal monitoring of implanted materials in vivo, in addition to spatiotemporal limits of each method for probing changes in cell-laden constructs. Micro-elastography methods now allow acquisitions at length scales approaching 5-100 μm in two and three dimensions. Many of the methods introduced in this review are therefore capable of longitudinal monitoring in biomaterials and tissues approaching the cellular scale. However, critical factors such as anisotropy, heterogeneity and viscoelasity-inherent in many soft tissues-are often not fully described and therefore require further advancements and future developments.
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22
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Kim J, Ahmad A, Li J, Marjanovic M, Chaney EJ, Suslick KS, Boppart SA. Intravascular magnetomotive optical coherence tomography of targeted early-stage atherosclerotic changes in ex vivo hyperlipidemic rabbit aortas. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2016; 9:109-16. [PMID: 25688525 PMCID: PMC4996077 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201400128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We report the development of an intravascular magnetomotive optical coherence tomography (IV-MM-OCT) system used with targeted protein microspheres to detect early-stage atherosclerotic fatty streaks/plaques. Magnetic microspheres (MSs) were injected in vivo in rabbits, and after 30 minutes of in vivo circulation, excised ex vivo rabbit aorta samples specimens were then imaged ex vivo with our prototype IV-MM-OCT system. The alternating magnetic field gradient was provided by a unique pair of external custom-built electromagnetic coils that modulated the targeted magnetic MSs. The results showed a statistically significant MM-OCT signal from the aorta samples specimens injected with targeted MSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongsik Kim
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, USA 61801
| | - Adeel Ahmad
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, USA 61801
| | - Joanne Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, USA 61801
| | - Marina Marjanovic
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, USA 61801
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, USA 61801
| | - Eric J. Chaney
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, USA 61801
| | - Kenneth S. Suslick
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, USA 61801
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, USA 61801
| | - Stephen A. Boppart
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, USA 61801
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, USA 61801
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, USA 61801
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, USA 61801
- Corresponding author: , Phone: +01 217 333 8598, Fax: +01 217 333 5833
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23
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Ahmad A, Huang PC, Sobh NA, Pande P, Kim J, Boppart SA. Mechanical contrast in spectroscopic magnetomotive optical coherence elastography. Phys Med Biol 2015; 60:6655-68. [PMID: 26271056 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/60/17/6655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The viscoelastic properties of tissues are altered during pathogenesis of numerous diseases and can therefore be a useful indicator of disease status and progression. Several elastography studies have utilized the mechanical frequency response and the resonance frequencies of tissue samples to characterize their mechanical properties. However, using the resonance frequency as a source of mechanical contrast in heterogeneous samples is complicated because it not only depends on the viscoelastic properties but also on the geometry and boundary conditions. In an elastography technique called magnetomotive optical coherence elastography (MM-OCE), the controlled movement of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) within the sample is used to obtain the mechanical properties. Previous demonstrations of MM-OCE have typically used point measurements in elastically homogeneous samples assuming a uniform concentration of MNPs. In this study, we evaluate the feasibility of generating MM-OCE elastograms in heterogeneous samples based on a spectroscopic approach which involves measuring the magnetomotive response at different excitation frequencies. Biological tissues and tissue-mimicking phantoms with two elastically distinct regions placed in side-by-side and bilayer configurations were used for the experiments, and finite element method simulations were used to validate the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeel Ahmad
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana IL 61801, USA. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 306 North Wright Street, Urbana IL 61801, USA
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Li S, Cheng Y, Eckersley RJ, Elson DS, Tang MX. Dual shear wave induced laser speckle contrast signal and the improvement in shear wave speed measurement. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:1954-62. [PMID: 26114021 PMCID: PMC4473736 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.001954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Shear wave speed is quantitatively related to tissue viscoelasticity. Previously we reported shear wave tracking at centimetre depths in a turbid optical medium using laser speckle contrast detection. Shear wave progression modulates displacement of optical scatterers and therefore modulates photon phase and changes the laser speckle patterns. Time-resolved charge-coupled device (CCD)-based speckle contrast analysis was used to track shear waves and measure the time-of-flight of shear waves for speed measurement. In this manuscript, we report a new observation of the laser speckle contrast difference signal for dual shear waves. A modulation of CCD speckle contrast difference was observed and simulation reproduces the modulation pattern, suggesting its origin. Both experimental and simulation results show that the dual shear wave approach generates an improved definition of temporal features in the time-of-flight optical signal and an improved signal to noise ratio with a standard deviation less than 50% that of individual shear waves. Results also show that dual shear waves can correct the bias of shear wave speed measurement caused by shear wave reflections from elastic boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Li
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ,
UK
| | - Yi Cheng
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ,
UK
| | - Robert J Eckersley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, King’s College London, London, SE1 7EH,
UK
| | - Daniel S Elson
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ,
UK
| | - Meng-Xing Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ,
UK
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25
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Wang S, Larin KV. Optical coherence elastography for tissue characterization: a review. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2015; 8:279-302. [PMID: 25412100 PMCID: PMC4410708 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201400108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence elastography (OCE) represents the frontier of optical elasticity imaging techniques and focuses on the micro-scale assessment of tissue biomechanics in 3D that is hard to achieve with traditional elastographic methods. Benefit from the advancement of optical coherence tomography, and driven by the increasing requirements in nondestructive biomechanical characterization, this emerging technique recently has experienced a rapid development. In this paper, we start with the description of the mechanical contrast that has been employed by OCE and review the state-of-the-art techniques based on the reported applications and discuss the current technical challenges, emphasizing the unique role of OCE in tissue mechanical characterization. The position of OCE among other elastography techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd., Houston, Texas, 77204-5060, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of medicine, one Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
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26
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Wang S, Larin KV. Optical coherence elastography for tissue characterization: a review. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2015. [PMID: 25412100 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.v8.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence elastography (OCE) represents the frontier of optical elasticity imaging techniques and focuses on the micro-scale assessment of tissue biomechanics in 3D that is hard to achieve with traditional elastographic methods. Benefit from the advancement of optical coherence tomography, and driven by the increasing requirements in nondestructive biomechanical characterization, this emerging technique recently has experienced a rapid development. In this paper, we start with the description of the mechanical contrast that has been employed by OCE and review the state-of-the-art techniques based on the reported applications and discuss the current technical challenges, emphasizing the unique role of OCE in tissue mechanical characterization. The position of OCE among other elastography techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd., Houston, Texas, 77204-5060, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of medicine, one Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
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Han Z, Aglyamov SR, Li J, Singh M, Wang S, Vantipalli S, Wu C, Liu CH, Twa MD, Larin KV. Quantitative assessment of corneal viscoelasticity using optical coherence elastography and a modified Rayleigh-Lamb equation. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2015; 20:20501. [PMID: 25649624 PMCID: PMC4315865 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.2.020501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the use of a modified Rayleigh–Lamb frequency equation in conjunction with noncontact optical coherence elastography to quantify the viscoelastic properties of the cornea. Phase velocities of air-pulse-induced elastic waves were extracted by spectral analysis and used for calculating the Young’s moduli of the samples using the Rayleigh–Lamb frequency equation (RLFE). Validation experiments were performed on 2% agar phantoms (n ¼ 3) and then applied to porcine corneas (n ¼ 3) in situ. The Young’s moduli of the porcine corneas were estimated to be ∼60 kPa with a shear viscosity ∼0.33 Pa · s. The results demonstrate that the RLFE is a promising method for noninvasive quantification of the corneal biomechanical properties and may potentially be useful for clinical ophthalmological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolong Han
- University of Houston, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Salavat R. Aglyamov
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jiasong Li
- University of Houston, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Manmohan Singh
- University of Houston, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Shang Wang
- University of Houston, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Srilatha Vantipalli
- University of Houston, College of Optometry, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Chen Wu
- University of Houston, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Chih-hao Liu
- University of Houston, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Michael D. Twa
- University of Alabama, School of Optometry, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Kirill V. Larin
- University of Houston, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
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Ahmad A, Kim J, Shemonski ND, Marjanovic M, Boppart SA. Volumetric full-range magnetomotive optical coherence tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2014; 19:126001. [PMID: 25472770 PMCID: PMC4255196 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.12.126001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Magnetomotive optical coherence tomography (MM-OCT) can be utilized to spatially localize the presence of magnetic particles within tissues or organs. These magnetic particle-containing regions are detected by using the capability of OCT to measure small-scale displacements induced by the activation of an external electromagnet coil typically driven by a harmonic excitation signal. The constraints imposed by the scanning schemes employed and tissue viscoelastic properties limit the speed at which conventional MM-OCT data can be acquired. Realizing that electromagnet coils can be designed to exert MM force on relatively large tissue volumes (comparable or larger than typical OCT imaging fields of view), we show that an order-of-magnitude improvement in three-dimensional (3-D) MM-OCT imaging speed can be achieved by rapid acquisition of a volumetric scan during the activation of the coil. Furthermore, we show volumetric (3-D) MM-OCT imaging over a large imaging depth range by combining this volumetric scan scheme with full-range OCT. Results with tissue equivalent phantoms and a biological tissue are shown to demonstrate this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeel Ahmad
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jongsik Kim
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Nathan D. Shemonski
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Marina Marjanovic
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Stephen A. Boppart
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Department of Bioengineering, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Department of Internal Medicine, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Stephen A. Boppart, E-mail:
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