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Jiang J, Ackermann M, Russomanno E, Di Costanzo Mata A, Charbon E, Wolf M, Kalyanov A. Resolution and penetration depth of reflection-mode time-domain near infrared optical tomography using a ToF SPAD camera. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:6711-6723. [PMID: 36589570 PMCID: PMC9774846 DOI: 10.1364/boe.470985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In a turbid medium such as biological tissue, near-infrared optical tomography (NIROT) can image the oxygenation, a highly relevant clinical parameter. To be an efficient diagnostic tool, NIROT has to have high spatial resolution and depth sensitivity, fast acquisition time, and be easy to use. Since many tissues cannot be penetrated by near-infrared light, such tissue needs to be measured in reflection mode, i.e., where light emission and detection components are placed on the same side. Thanks to the recent advance in single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array technology, we have developed a compact reflection-mode time-domain (TD) NIROT system with a large number of channels, which is expected to substantially increase the resolution and depth sensitivity of the oxygenation images. The aim was to test this experimentally for our SPAD camera-empowered TD NIROT system. Experiments with one and two inclusions, i.e., optically dense spheres of 5mm radius, immersed in turbid liquid were conducted. The inclusions were placed at depths from 10mm to 30mm and moved across the field-of-view. In the two-inclusion experiment, two identical spheres were placed at a lateral distance of 8mm. We also compared short exposure times of 1s, suitable for dynamic processes, with a long exposure of 100s. Additionally, we imaged complex geometries inside the turbid medium, which represented structural elements of a biological object. The quality of the reconstructed images was quantified by the root mean squared error (RMSE), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), and dice similarity. The two small spheres were successfully resolved up to a depth of 30mm. We demonstrated robust image reconstruction even at 1s exposure. Furthermore, the complex geometries were also successfully reconstructed. The results demonstrated a groundbreaking level of enhanced performance of the NIROT system based on a SPAD camera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Jiang
- Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Dept. of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Meret Ackermann
- Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Dept. of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Emanuele Russomanno
- Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Dept. of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aldo Di Costanzo Mata
- Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Dept. of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edoardo Charbon
- Advanced Quantum Architecture Laboratory, EPFL, 2002 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Wolf
- Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Dept. of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Kalyanov
- Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Dept. of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Switzerland
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Maruccia F, Tagliabue S, Fischer JB, Kacprzak M, Pérez-Hoyos S, Rosas K, Álvarez ID, Sahuquillo J, Durduran T, Poca MA. Transcranial optical monitoring for detecting intracranial pressure alterations in children with benign external hydrocephalus: a proof-of-concept study. NEUROPHOTONICS 2022; 9:045005. [PMID: 36405998 PMCID: PMC9670160 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.9.4.045005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Benign external hydrocephalus (BEH) is considered a self-limiting pathology with a good prognosis. However, some children present a pathological intracranial pressure (ICP) characterized by quantitative and qualitative alterations (the so-called B-waves) that can lead to neurological sequelae. AIM Our purpose was to evaluate whether there were cerebral hemodynamic changes associated with ICP B-waves that could be evaluated with noninvasive neuromonitoring. APPROACH We recruited eleven patients (median age 16 months, range 7 to 55 months) with BEH and an unfavorable evolution requiring ICP monitoring. Bedside, nocturnal monitoring using near-infrared time-resolved and diffuse correlation spectroscopies synchronized to the clinical monitoring was performed. RESULTS By focusing on the timing of different ICP patterns that were identified manually by clinicians, we detected significant tissue oxygen saturation ( StO 2 ) changes ( p = 0.002 ) and blood flow index (BFI) variability ( p = 0.005 ) between regular and high-amplitude B-wave patterns. A blinded analysis looking for analogs of ICP patterns in BFI time traces achieved 90% sensitivity in identifying B-waves and 76% specificity in detecting the regular patterns. CONCLUSIONS We revealed the presence of StO 2 and BFI variations-detectable with optical techniques-during ICP B-waves in BEH children. Finally, the feasibility of detecting ICP B-waves in hemodynamic time traces obtained noninvasively was shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Maruccia
- Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Neurotraumatology and Neurosurgery Research Unit, Barcelona, Spain
- ICFO-Insitut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susanna Tagliabue
- ICFO-Insitut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jonas B. Fischer
- ICFO-Insitut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- HemoPhotonics S.L., Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michał Kacprzak
- ICFO-Insitut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Santi Pérez-Hoyos
- Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Statistics and Bioinformatics Unit, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Katiuska Rosas
- Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Neurotraumatology and Neurosurgery Research Unit, Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery Unit, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Delgado Álvarez
- Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Department of Pediatric Neuroradiology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Sahuquillo
- Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Neurotraumatology and Neurosurgery Research Unit, Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery Unit, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Turgut Durduran
- ICFO-Insitut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria A. Poca
- Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Neurotraumatology and Neurosurgery Research Unit, Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery Unit, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Zhao Y, Raghuram A, Kim HK, Hielscher AH, Robinson JT, Veeraraghavan A. High Resolution, Deep Imaging Using Confocal Time-of-Flight Diffuse Optical Tomography. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE 2021; 43:2206-2219. [PMID: 33891548 PMCID: PMC8270678 DOI: 10.1109/tpami.2021.3075366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Light scattering by tissue severely limits how deep beneath the surface one can image, and the spatial resolution one can obtain from these images. Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) is one of the most powerful techniques for imaging deep within tissue - well beyond the conventional ∼ 10-15 mean scattering lengths tolerated by ballistic imaging techniques such as confocal and two-photon microscopy. Unfortunately, existing DOT systems are limited, achieving only centimeter-scale resolution. Furthermore, they suffer from slow acquisition times and slow reconstruction speeds making real-time imaging infeasible. We show that time-of-flight diffuse optical tomography (ToF-DOT) and its confocal variant (CToF-DOT), by exploiting the photon travel time information, allow us to achieve millimeter spatial resolution in the highly scattered diffusion regime ( mean free paths). In addition, we demonstrate two additional innovations: focusing on confocal measurements, and multiplexing the illumination sources allow us to significantly reduce the measurement acquisition time. Finally, we rely on a novel convolutional approximation that allows us to develop a fast reconstruction algorithm, achieving a 100× speedup in reconstruction time compared to traditional DOT reconstruction techniques. Together, we believe that these technical advances serve as the first step towards real-time, millimeter resolution, deep tissue imaging using DOT.
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Pagliazzi M, Colombo L, Vidal-Rosas EE, Dragojević T, Parfentyeva V, Culver JP, Konugolu Venkata Sekar S, Di Sieno L, Contini D, Torricelli A, Pifferi A, Dalla Mora A, Durduran T. Time resolved speckle contrast optical spectroscopy at quasi-null source-detector separation for non-invasive measurement of microvascular blood flow. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:1499-1511. [PMID: 33796368 PMCID: PMC7984782 DOI: 10.1364/boe.418882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Time (or path length) resolved speckle contrast optical spectroscopy (TD-SCOS) at quasi-null (2.85 mm) source-detector separation was developed and demonstrated. The method was illustrated by in vivo studies on the forearm muscle of an adult subject. The results have shown that selecting longer photon path lengths results in higher hyperemic blood flow change and a faster return to baseline by a factor of two after arterial cuff occlusion when compared to SCOS without time resolution. This indicates higher sensitivity to the deeper muscle tissue. In the long run, this approach may allow the use of simpler and cheaper detector arrays compared to time resolved diffuse correlation spectroscopy that are based on readily available technologies. Hence, TD-SCOS may increase the performance and decrease cost of devices for continuous non-invasive, deep tissue blood flow monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pagliazzi
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Colombo
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Ernesto E. Vidal-Rosas
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tanja Dragojević
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Veronika Parfentyeva
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joseph P. Culver
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | | | - Laura Di Sieno
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Davide Contini
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Antonio Pifferi
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Turgut Durduran
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08015 Barcelona, Spain
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Jeng GS, Li ML, Kim M, Yoon SJ, Pitre JJ, Li DS, Pelivanov I, O’Donnell M. Real-time interleaved spectroscopic photoacoustic and ultrasound (PAUS) scanning with simultaneous fluence compensation and motion correction. Nat Commun 2021; 12:716. [PMID: 33514737 PMCID: PMC7846772 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-20947-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
For over two decades photoacoustic imaging has been tested clinically, but successful human trials have been limited. To enable quantitative clinical spectroscopy, the fundamental issues of wavelength-dependent fluence variations and inter-wavelength motion must be overcome. Here we propose a real-time, spectroscopic photoacoustic/ultrasound (PAUS) imaging approach using a compact, 1-kHz rate wavelength-tunable laser. Instead of illuminating tissue over a large area, the fiber-optic delivery system surrounding an US array sequentially scans a narrow laser beam, with partial PA image reconstruction for each laser pulse. The final image is then formed by coherently summing partial images. This scheme enables (i) automatic compensation for wavelength-dependent fluence variations in spectroscopic PA imaging and (ii) motion correction of spectroscopic PA frames using US speckle tracking in real-time systems. The 50-Hz video rate PAUS system is demonstrated in vivo using a murine model of labelled drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng-Shi Jeng
- grid.34477.330000000122986657Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA ,grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Institute of Electronics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Lin Li
- grid.38348.340000 0004 0532 0580Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan ,grid.38348.340000 0004 0532 0580Institute of Photonics Technologies, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - MinWoo Kim
- grid.34477.330000000122986657Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Soon Joon Yoon
- grid.34477.330000000122986657Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - John J. Pitre
- grid.34477.330000000122986657Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - David S. Li
- grid.34477.330000000122986657Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Ivan Pelivanov
- grid.34477.330000000122986657Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Matthew O’Donnell
- grid.34477.330000000122986657Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
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Helton M, Mycek MA, Vishwanath K. Direct estimation of the reduced scattering coefficient from experimentally measured time-resolved reflectance via Monte Carlo based lookup tables. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:4366-4378. [PMID: 32923049 PMCID: PMC7449726 DOI: 10.1364/boe.398256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A heuristic method for estimating the reduced scattering coefficient (µs') of turbid media using time-resolved reflectance is presented. The technique requires measurements of the distributions of times-of-flight (DTOF) of photons arriving at two identical detection channels placed at unique distances relative to a source. Measured temporal shifts in DTOF peak intensities at the two channels were used to estimate µs' of the medium using Monte Carlo (MC) simulation-based lookup tables. MC simulations were used to compute temporal shifts in modeled reflectance at experimentally employed source-detector separations (SDS) for media spanning a wide range of optical properties to construct look up tables. Experiments in Intralipid (IL) phantoms demonstrated that we could retrieve µs' with errors ranging between 6-25% of expected (literature) values, using reflectance measured across 650-800 nm and SDS of 5-15 mm. Advantages of the technique include direct processing of measured data without requiring iterative non-linear curve fitting. We also discuss applicability of this approach for media with low scattering coefficients where the commonly employed diffusion theory analysis could be inaccurate, with practical recommendations for use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Helton
- Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Mary-Ann Mycek
- Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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7
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Ulrich L, Held KG, Jaeger M, Frenz M, Akarçay HG. Reliability assessment for blood oxygen saturation levels measured with optoacoustic imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2020; 25:1-15. [PMID: 32323509 PMCID: PMC7175414 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.4.046005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Quantitative optoacoustic (OA) imaging has the potential to provide blood oxygen saturation (SO2) estimates due to the proportionality between the measured signal and the blood's absorption coefficient. However, due to the wavelength-dependent attenuation of light in tissue, a spectral correction of the OA signals is required, and a prime challenge is the validation of both the optical characterization of the tissue and the SO2. AIM We propose to assess the reliability of SO2 levels retrieved from spectral fitting by measuring the similarity of OA spectra to the fitted blood absorption spectra. APPROACH We introduce a metric that quantifies the trends of blood spectra by assigning a pair of spectral slopes to each spectrum. The applicability of the metric is illustrated with in vivo measurements on a human forearm. RESULTS We show that physiologically sound SO2 values do not necessarily imply a successful spectral correction and demonstrate how the metric can be used to distinguish SO2 values that are trustworthy from unreliable ones. CONCLUSIONS The metric is independent of the methods used for the OA data acquisition, image reconstruction, and spectral correction, thus it can be readily combined with existing approaches, in order to monitor the accuracy of quantitative OA imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Ulrich
- University of Bern, Institute of Applied Physics, Biomedical Photonics, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kai Gerrit Held
- University of Bern, Institute of Applied Physics, Biomedical Photonics, Bern, Switzerland
- ABB Switzerland, Corporate Research, Baden-Daettwil, Switzerland
| | - Michael Jaeger
- University of Bern, Institute of Applied Physics, Biomedical Photonics, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Frenz
- University of Bern, Institute of Applied Physics, Biomedical Photonics, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hidayet Günhan Akarçay
- University of Bern, Institute of Applied Physics, Biomedical Photonics, Bern, Switzerland
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8
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Time-Gated Single-Photon Detection in Time-Domain Diffuse Optics: A Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10031101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This work reviews physical concepts, technologies and applications of time-domain diffuse optics based on time-gated single-photon detection. This particular photon detection strategy is of the utmost importance in the diffuse optics field as it unleashes the full power of the time-domain approach by maximizing performances in terms of contrast produced by a localized perturbation inside the scattering medium, signal-to-noise ratio, measurement time and dynamic range, penetration depth and spatial resolution. The review covers 15 years of theoretical studies, technological progresses, proof of concepts and design of laboratory systems based on time-gated single-photon detection with also few hints on other fields where the time-gated detection strategy produced and will produce further impact.
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9
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Di Sieno L, Contini D, Lo Presti G, Cortese L, Mateo T, Rosinski B, Venturini E, Panizza P, Mora M, Aranda G, Squarcia M, Farina A, Durduran T, Taroni P, Pifferi A, Mora AD. Systematic study of the effect of ultrasound gel on the performances of time-domain diffuse optics and diffuse correlation spectroscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:3899-3915. [PMID: 31452983 PMCID: PMC6701515 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.003899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, multimodal imaging has gained an increasing interest in medical applications thanks to the inherent combination of strengths of the different techniques. For example, diffuse optics is used to probe both the composition and the microstructure of highly diffusive media down to a depth of few centimeters, but its spatial resolution is intrinsically low. On the other hand, ultrasound imaging exhibits the higher spatial resolution of morphological imaging, but without providing solid constitutional information. Thus, the combination of diffuse optical imaging and ultrasound may improve the effectiveness of medical examinations, e.g. for screening or diagnosis of tumors. However, the presence of an ultrasound coupling gel between probe and tissue can impair diffuse optical measurements like diffuse optical spectroscopy and diffuse correlation spectroscopy, since it may provide a direct path for photons between source and detector. A systematic study on the effect of different ultrasound coupling fluids was performed on tissue-mimicking phantoms, confirming that a water-clear gel can produce detrimental effects on optical measurements when recovering absorption/reduced scattering coefficients from time-domain spectroscopy acquisitions as well as particle Brownian diffusion coefficient from diffuse correlation spectroscopy ones. On the other hand, we show the suitability for optical measurements of other types of diffusive fluids, also compatible with ultrasound imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Di Sieno
- Politecnico di Milano - Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
| | - Davide Contini
- Politecnico di Milano - Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lo Presti
- ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Lorenzo Cortese
- ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | | | | | - Elena Venturini
- Scientific Institute (IRCCS) Ospedale San Raffaele - Breast Imaging Unit, Milano, Italy
| | - Pietro Panizza
- Scientific Institute (IRCCS) Ospedale San Raffaele - Breast Imaging Unit, Milano, Italy
| | - Mireia Mora
- IDIBAPS, Fundació Clínic per la Recerca Biomèdica, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gloria Aranda
- IDIBAPS, Fundació Clínic per la Recerca Biomèdica, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mattia Squarcia
- IDIBAPS, Fundació Clínic per la Recerca Biomèdica, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Farina
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Milano, Italy
| | - Turgut Durduran
- ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
- Instituciò Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paola Taroni
- Politecnico di Milano - Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Milano, Italy
| | - Antonio Pifferi
- Politecnico di Milano - Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Milano, Italy
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A Versatile Setup for Time-Resolved Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy Based on Fast-Gated Single-Photon Avalanche Diode and on Four-Wave Mixing Laser. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9112366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a time-domain fast gated near-infrared spectroscopy system is presented. The system is composed of a fiber-based laser providing two pulsed sources and two fast gated detectors. The system is characterized on phantoms and was tested in vivo, showing how the gating approach can improve the contrast and contrast-to-noise-ratio for detection of absorption perturbation inside a diffusive medium, regardless of source-detector separation.
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11
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Wheelock MD, Culver JP, Eggebrecht AT. High-density diffuse optical tomography for imaging human brain function. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:051101. [PMID: 31153254 PMCID: PMC6533110 DOI: 10.1063/1.5086809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This review describes the unique opportunities and challenges for noninvasive optical mapping of human brain function. Diffuse optical methods offer safe, portable, and radiation free alternatives to traditional technologies like positron emission tomography or functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Recent developments in high-density diffuse optical tomography (HD-DOT) have demonstrated capabilities for mapping human cortical brain function over an extended field of view with image quality approaching that of fMRI. In this review, we cover fundamental principles of the diffusion of near infrared light in biological tissue. We discuss the challenges involved in the HD-DOT system design and implementation that must be overcome to acquire the signal-to-noise necessary to measure and locate brain function at the depth of the cortex. We discuss strategies for validation of the sensitivity, specificity, and reliability of HD-DOT acquired maps of cortical brain function. We then provide a brief overview of some clinical applications of HD-DOT. Though diffuse optical measurements of neurophysiology have existed for several decades, tremendous opportunity remains to advance optical imaging of brain function to address a crucial niche in basic and clinical neuroscience: that of bedside and minimally constrained high fidelity imaging of brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriah D. Wheelock
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | | | - Adam T. Eggebrecht
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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Abstract
This article reviews the past and current statuses of time-domain near-infrared spectroscopy (TD-NIRS) and imaging. Although time-domain technology is not yet widely employed due to its drawbacks of being cumbersome, bulky, and very expensive compared to commercial continuous wave (CW) and frequency-domain (FD) fNIRS systems, TD-NIRS has great advantages over CW and FD systems because time-resolved data measured by TD systems contain the richest information about optical properties inside measured objects. This article focuses on reviewing the theoretical background, advanced theories and methods, instruments, and studies on clinical applications for TD-NIRS including some clinical studies which used TD-NIRS systems. Major events in the development of TD-NIRS and imaging are identified and summarized in chronological tables and figures. Finally, prospects for TD-NIRS in the near future are briefly described.
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13
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Behera A, Di Sieno L, Pifferi A, Martelli F, Mora AD. Instrumental, optical and geometrical parameters affecting time-gated diffuse optical measurements: a systematic study. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:5524-5542. [PMID: 30460145 PMCID: PMC6238916 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.005524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In time-domain diffuse optics the sensitivity to localized absorption changes buried inside a diffusive medium depends strongly on the interplay between instrumental, optical and geometrical parameters, which can hinder the theoretical advantages of novel measurement strategies like the short source-detector distance approach. Here, we present a study based on experimental measurements and simulations to comprehensively evaluate the effect of all different parameters. Results are evaluated exploiting standardized figures of merit, like contrast and contrast-to-noise ratio, to quantify the system sensitivity to deep localized absorption perturbations. Key findings show that the most critical hardware parameter is the memory effect which ultimately limits the dynamic range. Further, a choice of the source-detector distance around 10 mm seems to be a good compromise to compensate non-idealities in practical systems still preserving the advantages of short distances. This work provides both indications for users about the best measurement conditions and strategies, and for technology developers to identify the most crucial hardware features in view of next generation diffuse optics systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Behera
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Di Sieno
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Antonio Pifferi
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Martelli
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Alberto Dalla Mora
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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14
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Gerega A, Milej D, Weigl W, Kacprzak M, Liebert A. Multiwavelength time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy of the adult head: assessment of intracerebral and extracerebral absorption changes. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:2974-2993. [PMID: 29984079 PMCID: PMC6033559 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.002974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
An optical technique based on diffuse reflectance measurement combined with indocyanine green (ICG) bolus tracking is extensively tested as a method for the clinical assessment of brain perfusion at the bedside. We report on multiwavelength time-resolved diffuse reflectance spectroscopy measurements carried out on the head of a healthy adult during the intravenous administration of a bolus of ICG. Intracerebral and extracerebral changes in absorption were estimated from an analysis of changes in statistical moments (total number of photons, mean time of flight and variance) of the distributions of times of flight (DTOF) of photons recorded simultaneously at 16 wavelengths from the range of 650-850 nm using sensitivity factors estimated by diffusion approximation based on a layered model of the studied medium. We validated the proposed method in a series of phantom experiments and in-vivo measurements. The results obtained show that changes in the concentration of the ICG can be assessed as a function of time of the experiment and depth in the tissue. Thus, the separation of changes in ICG concentration appearing in intra- and extracerebral tissues can be estimated from optical data acquired at a single source-detector pair of fibers/fiber bundles positioned on the surface of the head.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gerega
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering Polish Academy of Sciences Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel Milej
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering Polish Academy of Sciences Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
- Imaging Division, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Wojciech Weigl
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Akademiska Hospital, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michal Kacprzak
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering Polish Academy of Sciences Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Liebert
- Nalecz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering Polish Academy of Sciences Trojdena 4, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
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15
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Zouaoui J, Di Sieno L, Hervé L, Pifferi A, Farina A, Mora AD, Derouard J, Dinten JM. Chromophore decomposition in multispectral time-resolved diffuse optical tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:4772-4787. [PMID: 29082101 PMCID: PMC5654816 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.004772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Multicomponent phantom measurements are carried out to evaluate the ability of multispectral time domain diffuse optical tomography in reflectance geometry to quantify the position and the composition of small heterogeneities at depths of 1-1.5 cm in turbid media. Time-resolved data were analyzed with the Mellin-Laplace transform. Results show good localization and correct composition gradation of objects but still a lack of absolute material composition accuracy when no a priori geometry information is known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Zouaoui
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France, CEA, LETI, MINATEC Campus, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Laura Di Sieno
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano I-20133, Italy
| | - Lionel Hervé
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France, CEA, LETI, MINATEC Campus, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Antonio Pifferi
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano I-20133, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano I-20133, Italy
| | - Andrea Farina
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano I-20133, Italy
| | - Alberto Dalla Mora
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano I-20133, Italy
| | | | - Jean-Marc Dinten
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France, CEA, LETI, MINATEC Campus, F-38054 Grenoble, France
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16
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Time-Resolved Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy and Imaging Using Solid-State Detectors: Characteristics, Present Status, and Research Challenges. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17092115. [PMID: 28906462 PMCID: PMC5621067 DOI: 10.3390/s17092115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS) and diffuse optical imaging (DOI) are emerging non-invasive imaging modalities that have wide spread potential applications in many fields, particularly for structural and functional imaging in medicine. In this article, we review time-resolved diffuse optical imaging (TR-DOI) systems using solid-state detectors with a special focus on Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs) and Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs). These TR-DOI systems can be categorized into two types based on the operation mode of the detector (free-running or time-gated). For the TR-DOI prototypes, the physical concepts, main components, figures-of-merit of detectors, and evaluation parameters are described. The performance of TR-DOI prototypes is evaluated according to the parameters used in common protocols to test DOI systems particularly basic instrumental performance (BIP). In addition, the potential features of SPADs and SiPMs to improve TR-DOI systems and expand their applications in the foreseeable future are discussed. Lastly, research challenges and future developments for TR-DOI are discussed for each component in the prototype separately and also for the entire system.
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17
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Di Sieno L, Zouaoui J, Hervé L, Pifferi A, Farina A, Martinenghi E, Derouard J, Dinten JM, Mora AD. Time-domain diffuse optical tomography using silicon photomultipliers: feasibility study. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:116002. [PMID: 27812705 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.11.116002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) have been very recently introduced as the most promising detectors in the field of diffuse optics, in particular due to the inherent low cost and large active area. We also demonstrate the suitability of SiPMs for time-domain diffuse optical tomography (DOT). The study is based on both simulations and experimental measurements. Results clearly show excellent performances in terms of spatial localization of an absorbing perturbation, thus opening the way to the use of SiPMs for DOT, with the possibility to conceive a new generation of low-cost and reliable multichannel tomographic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Di Sieno
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Judy Zouaoui
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Minatec Campus, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, FrancecCEA, LETI, MINATEC Campus, 17 rue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38054, France
| | - Lionel Hervé
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Minatec Campus, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, FrancecCEA, LETI, MINATEC Campus, 17 rue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38054, France
| | - Antonio Pifferi
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, ItalydIstituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Andrea Farina
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Edoardo Martinenghi
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Jacques Derouard
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique (LIPhy), Pole Phitem, CS 40 700, 38058 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Jean-Marc Dinten
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Minatec Campus, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, FrancecCEA, LETI, MINATEC Campus, 17 rue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38054, France
| | - Alberto Dalla Mora
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy
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18
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Zouaoui J, Di Sieno L, Hervé L, Pifferi A, Farina A, Mora AD, Derouard J, Dinten JM. Quantification in time-domain diffuse optical tomography using Mellin-Laplace transforms. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:4346-4363. [PMID: 27867736 PMCID: PMC5102524 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.004346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Simulations and phantom measurements are used to evaluate the ability of time-domain diffuse optical tomography using Mellin-Laplace transforms to quantify the absorption perturbation of centimetric objects immersed at depth 1-2 cm in turbid media. We find that the estimated absorption coefficient varies almost linearly with the absorption change in the range of 0-0.15 cm-1 but is underestimated by a factor that depends on the inclusion depth (~2, 3 and 6 for depths of 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 cm respectively). For larger absorption changes, the variation is sublinear with ~20% decrease for δμa = 0.37 cm-1. By contrast, constraining the absorption change to the actual volume of the inclusion may considerably improve the accuracy and linearity of the reconstructed absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Zouaoui
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France CEA, LETI, MINATEC Campus, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Laura Di Sieno
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano I-20133, Italy
| | - Lionel Hervé
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France CEA, LETI, MINATEC Campus, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Antonio Pifferi
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano I-20133, Italy
| | - Andrea Farina
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano I-20133, Italy
| | - Alberto Dalla Mora
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano I-20133, Italy
| | | | - Jean-Marc Dinten
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France CEA, LETI, MINATEC Campus, F-38054 Grenoble, France
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19
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Pifferi A, Contini D, Mora AD, Farina A, Spinelli L, Torricelli A. New frontiers in time-domain diffuse optics, a review. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:091310. [PMID: 27311627 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.9.091310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The recent developments in time-domain diffuse optics that rely on physical concepts (e.g., time-gating and null distance) and advanced photonic components (e.g., vertical cavity source-emitting laser as light sources, single photon avalanche diode, and silicon photomultipliers as detectors, fast-gating circuits, and time-to-digital converters for acquisition) are focused. This study shows how these tools could lead on one hand to compact and wearable time-domain devices for point-of-care diagnostics down to the consumer level and on the other hand to powerful systems with exceptional depth penetration and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Pifferi
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan I-20133, ItalybIstituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale per le Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan I-20133, Italy
| | - Davide Contini
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan I-20133, Italy
| | - Alberto Dalla Mora
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan I-20133, Italy
| | - Andrea Farina
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale per le Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan I-20133, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Spinelli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale per le Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan I-20133, Italy
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan I-20133, ItalybIstituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale per le Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milan I-20133, Italy
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20
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Martinenghi E, Di Sieno L, Contini D, Sanzaro M, Pifferi A, Dalla Mora A. Time-resolved single-photon detection module based on silicon photomultiplier: A novel building block for time-correlated measurement systems. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:073101. [PMID: 27475542 DOI: 10.1063/1.4954968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We present the design and preliminary characterization of the first detection module based on Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM) tailored for single-photon timing applications. The aim of this work is to demonstrate, thanks to the design of a suitable module, the possibility to easily exploit SiPM in many applications as an interesting detector featuring large active area, similarly to photomultipliers tubes, but keeping the advantages of solid state detectors (high quantum efficiency, low cost, compactness, robustness, low bias voltage, and insensitiveness to magnetic field). The module integrates a cooled SiPM with a total photosensitive area of 1 mm(2) together with the suitable avalanche signal read-out circuit, the signal conditioning, the biasing electronics, and a Peltier cooler driver for thermal stabilization. It is able to extract the single-photon timing information with resolution better than 100 ps full-width at half maximum. We verified the effective stabilization in response to external thermal perturbations, thus proving the complete insensitivity of the module to environment temperature variations, which represents a fundamental parameter to profitably use the instrument for real-field applications. We also characterized the single-photon timing resolution, the background noise due to both primary dark count generation and afterpulsing, the single-photon detection efficiency, and the instrument response function shape. The proposed module can become a reliable and cost-effective building block for time-correlated single-photon counting instruments in applications requiring high collection capability of isotropic light and detection efficiency (e.g., fluorescence decay measurements or time-domain diffuse optics systems).
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Affiliation(s)
- E Martinenghi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - L Di Sieno
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - D Contini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - M Sanzaro
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - A Pifferi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - A Dalla Mora
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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21
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Di Sieno L, Wabnitz H, Pifferi A, Mazurenka M, Hoshi Y, Dalla Mora A, Contini D, Boso G, Becker W, Martelli F, Tosi A, Macdonald R. Characterization of a time-resolved non-contact scanning diffuse optical imaging system exploiting fast-gated single-photon avalanche diode detection. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:035118. [PMID: 27036830 DOI: 10.1063/1.4944562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We present a system for non-contact time-resolved diffuse reflectance imaging, based on small source-detector distance and high dynamic range measurements utilizing a fast-gated single-photon avalanche diode. The system is suitable for imaging of diffusive media without any contact with the sample and with a spatial resolution of about 1 cm at 1 cm depth. In order to objectively assess its performances, we adopted two standardized protocols developed for time-domain brain imagers. The related tests included the recording of the instrument response function of the setup and the responsivity of its detection system. Moreover, by using liquid turbid phantoms with absorbing inclusions, depth-dependent contrast and contrast-to-noise ratio as well as lateral spatial resolution were measured. To illustrate the potentialities of the novel approach, the characteristics of the non-contact system are discussed and compared to those of a fiber-based brain imager.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Di Sieno
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Heidrun Wabnitz
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestr. 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Antonio Pifferi
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Mikhail Mazurenka
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestr. 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yoko Hoshi
- Department of Biomedical Optics, Medical Photonics Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Alberto Dalla Mora
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Davide Contini
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Gianluca Boso
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Becker
- Becker and Hickl GmbH, Nahmitzer Damm 30, 12277 Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabrizio Martelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via G. Sansone 1, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze 50019, Italy
| | - Alberto Tosi
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Rainer Macdonald
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestr. 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
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22
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Di Sieno L, Bettega G, Berger M, Hamou C, Aribert M, Mora AD, Puszka A, Grateau H, Contini D, Hervé L, Coll JL, Dinten JM, Pifferi A, Planat-Chrétien A. Toward noninvasive assessment of flap viability with time-resolved diffuse optical tomography: a preclinical test on rats. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:25004. [PMID: 26836208 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.2.025004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The noninvasive assessment of flap viability in autologous reconstruction surgery is still an unmet clinical need. To cope with this problem, we developed a proof-of-principle fully automatized setup for fast time-gated diffuse optical tomography exploiting Mellin-Laplace transform to obtain three-dimensional tomographic reconstructions of oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin concentrations. We applied this method to perform preclinical tests on rats inducing total venous occlusion in the cutaneous abdominal flaps. Notwithstanding the use of just four source-detector couples, we could detect a spatially localized increase of deoxyhemoglobin following the occlusion (up to 550 μM in 54 min). Such capability to image spatio-temporal evolution of blood perfusion is a key issue for the noninvasive monitoring of flap viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Di Sieno
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Georges Bettega
- Hôpital d'Annecy, 1 avenue de l'hôpital, Metz Tessy, BP 90074-74374 Pringy cedex 9, FrancecUniversity Grenoble Alpes-site santé, Institut Albert Bonniot, INSERM U1209, Domaine de la merci, 38000, La Tronche, FrancedUniversity Grenoble Alpes, BP53, 38041 G
| | - Michel Berger
- CEA-LETI, Minatec Campus, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Cynthia Hamou
- University Grenoble Alpes-site santé, Institut Albert Bonniot, INSERM U1209, Domaine de la merci, 38000, La Tronche, FrancedUniversity Grenoble Alpes, BP53, 38041 Grenoble, FrancefCentre Hospitalier Universitaire-Grenoble, Boulevard de la Chantourne, 3870
| | - Marion Aribert
- University Grenoble Alpes-site santé, Institut Albert Bonniot, INSERM U1209, Domaine de la merci, 38000, La Tronche, FrancedUniversity Grenoble Alpes, BP53, 38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Alberto Dalla Mora
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Agathe Puszka
- University Grenoble Alpes-site santé, Institut Albert Bonniot, INSERM U1209, Domaine de la merci, 38000, La Tronche, FrancedUniversity Grenoble Alpes, BP53, 38041 Grenoble, FranceeCEA-LETI, Minatec Campus, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, Franc
| | - Henri Grateau
- CEA-LETI, Minatec Campus, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Davide Contini
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Lionel Hervé
- CEA-LETI, Minatec Campus, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Jean-Luc Coll
- University Grenoble Alpes-site santé, Institut Albert Bonniot, INSERM U1209, Domaine de la merci, 38000, La Tronche, FrancedUniversity Grenoble Alpes, BP53, 38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Marc Dinten
- CEA-LETI, Minatec Campus, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Antonio Pifferi
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, ItalygIstituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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