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Optoacoustic Imaging Offers New Insights into In Vivo Human Skin Vascular Physiology. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12101628. [PMID: 36295063 PMCID: PMC9605317 DOI: 10.3390/life12101628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional imaging with new photoacoustic tomography (PAT) offers improved spatial and temporal resolution quality in in vivo human skin vascular assessments. In the present study, we followed a suprasystolic reactive hyperemia (RH) maneuver with a multi-spectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) system. A convenience sample of ten participants, both sexes, mean age of 35.8 ± 13.3 years old, was selected. All procedures were in accordance with the principles of good clinical practice and approved by the institutional ethics committee. Images were obtained at baseline (resting), during occlusion, and immediately after pressure release. Observations of the RH by PAT identified superficial and deeper vascular structures parallel to the skin surface as part of the human skin vascular plexus. Furthermore, PAT revealed that the suprasystolic occlusion impacts both plexus differently, practically obliterating the superficial smaller vessels and evoking stasis at the deeper, larger structures in real-time (live) conditions. This dual effect of RH on the skin plexus has not been explored and is not considered in clinical settings. Thus, RH seems to represent much more than the local microvascular reperfusion as typically described, and PAT offers a vast potential for vascular clinical and preclinical research.
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Naumovska M, Merdasa A, Hammar B, Albinsson J, Dahlstrand U, Cinthio M, Sheikh R, Malmsjö M. Mapping the architecture of the temporal artery with photoacoustic imaging for diagnosing giant cell arteritis. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2022; 27:100384. [PMID: 36068803 PMCID: PMC9441260 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2022.100384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is rapidly emerging as a promising clinical diagnostic tool. One of the main applications of PA imaging is to image vascular networks in humans. This relies on the signal obtained from oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin, which limits imaging of the vessel wall itself. Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a treatable, but potentially sight- and life-threatening disease, in which the artery wall is infiltrated by leukocytes. Early intervention can prevent complications making prompt diagnosis of importance. Temporal artery biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosing GCA. We present an approach to imaging the temporal artery using multispectral PA imaging. Employing minimally supervised spectral analysis, we produce histology-like images where the artery wall is clearly discernible from the lumen and further differentiate between PA spectra from biopsies diagnosed as GCA- and GCA+ in 77 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Naumovska
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Ophthalmology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Aboma Merdasa
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Ophthalmology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Björn Hammar
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Ophthalmology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - John Albinsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Ophthalmology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulf Dahlstrand
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Ophthalmology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus Cinthio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Rafi Sheikh
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Ophthalmology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Malin Malmsjö
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Ophthalmology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Hybrid confocal fluorescence and photoacoustic microscopy for the label-free investigation of melanin accumulation in fish scales. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7173. [PMID: 35504968 PMCID: PMC9065085 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11262-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower vertebrates, including fish, can rapidly alter skin lightness through changes in melanin concentration and melanosomes’ mobility according to various factors, which include background color, light intensity, ambient temperature, social context, husbandry practices and acute or chronic stressful stimuli. Within this framework, the determination of skin chromaticity parameters in fish species is estimated either in specific areas using colorimeters or at the whole animal level using image processing and analysis software. Nevertheless, the accurate quantification of melanin content or melanophore coverage in fish skin is quite challenging as a result of the laborious chemical analysis and the typical application of simple optical imaging methods, requiring also to euthanize the fish in order to obtain large skin samples for relevant investigations. Here we present the application of a novel hybrid confocal fluorescence and photoacoustic microscopy prototype for the label-free imaging and quantification of melanin in fish scales samples with high spatial resolution, sensitivity and detection specificity. The hybrid images are automatically processed through optimized algorithms, aiming at the accurate and rapid extraction of various melanin accumulation indices in large datasets (i.e., total melanin content, melanophores’ area, density and coverage) corresponding to different fish species and groups. Furthermore, convolutional neural network-based algorithms have been trained using the recorded data towards the classification of different scales’ samples with high accuracy. In this context, we demonstrate that the proposed methodology may increase substantially the precision, as well as, simplify and expedite the relevant procedures for the quantification of melanin content in marine organisms.
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Ma H, Wang Z, Zuo C, Huang Q. Three dimensional confocal photoacoustic dermoscopy with an autofocusing sono-opto probe. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2022; 15:e202100323. [PMID: 34989131 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202100323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic dermoscopy (PAD) is uniquely positioned for the diagnosis and assessment of dermatological conditions because of its ability to visualize optical absorption contrast in vivo in three dimensions. In this Letter, we developed a 3D confocal PAD (3D-CPAD) equipped with an autofocusing sono-opto probe to facilitate the reconstruction of high-spatial-resolution imaging of skin with multilaminate structures in depth direction. The autofocusing sono-opto probe integrated a 10-mm electrowetting-based varifocal lens to automatically control the acoustic and optical confocal length, and an annular ultrasonic detector with a mid-frequency of ~32.8 MHz is coaxially configured for receiving photoacoustic signals. Using this sono-opto probe, the acoustic and optical confocal length-shifting range from ~7 to 43 mm with high image contrast and spatial resolution in the 3D image reconstruction. Autofocusing property tests and 3D human skin in vivo imaging were carried out to demonstrate the imaging capability of the 3D-CPAD for potential clinical foreground in noninvasive biopsies of skin disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haigang Ma
- Smart Computational Imaging (SCI) Laboratory, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiyang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Zuo
- Smart Computational Imaging (SCI) Laboratory, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinghua Huang
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Optics and Electronics (iOPEN), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
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5
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Ma H, Wang Z, Cheng Z, He G, Feng T, Zuo C, Qiu H. Multiscale confocal photoacoustic dermoscopy to evaluate skin health. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2022; 12:2696-2708. [PMID: 35502399 PMCID: PMC9014143 DOI: 10.21037/qims-21-878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photoacoustic dermoscopy (PAD) is a promising branch of photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) that can provide a range of functional and morphologic information for clinical assessment and diagnosis of dermatological conditions. However, most PAM setups are unsuitable for clinical dermatology because their single-scale mode and narrow frequency band result in insufficient imaging depth or poor spatiotemporal resolution when visualizing the internal texture of the skin. METHODS We developed a multiscale confocal photoacoustic dermoscopy (MC-PAD) with a multifunction opto-sono objective that could achieve high quality dermatological imaging. Using the objective to coordinate the spatial resolution and penetration depth, the MC-PAD was used to visualize pathophysiological biomarkers and vascular morphology from the epidermis (EP) to the dermis, which enabled us to quantify skin abnormalities without using exogenous contrast agents for human skin. RESULTS The MC-PAD was shown to have the ability to differentiate between different types of cells (such as red blood cells and melanoma cells), image and quantify pigment of the skin, and visualize skin morphology and blood capillary landmarks. The MC-PAD detected a significant difference in the structures of some pigmented and vascular lesions of skin diseases compared with that of healthy skin (P<0.01). The café au lait macule (CALM) skin type was found to have a relatively higher melanin concentration and thicker stratum basale (SB) in the EP than healthy skin. The dermal vascular network of skin that had a port wine stain (PWS) had greater diameters and a denser distribution than healthy skin, as reported in clinical trials. CONCLUSIONS The MC-PAD has a broad range of applications for the diagnosis of human skin diseases and evaluation of the curative effect of treatments, and it can offer new perspectives in biomedical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haigang Ma
- Smart Computational Imaging (SCI) Laboratory, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiyang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongwen Cheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Feng
- Smart Computational Imaging (SCI) Laboratory, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Zuo
- Smart Computational Imaging (SCI) Laboratory, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Haixia Qiu
- Department of Laser medicine, the First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Wang Z, Yang F, Zhang W, Yang S. Quantitative and Anatomical Imaging of Human Skin by Noninvasive Photoacoustic Dermoscopy. Bio Protoc 2022; 12:e4372. [PMID: 35530523 PMCID: PMC9018441 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Imaging plays a vital role in the diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases. However, pure optical imaging technique is limited to the visualization of superficial skin tissues. Ultrasonic imaging technique can detect deep tissues, but it lacks detailed information on microscopic pathological structures. Photoacoustic imaging is an advanced technology that bridges the spatial-resolution gap between optical and ultrasonic techniques, by the modes of optical excitation and acoustic detection. Photoacoustic dermoscopy (PAD), based on photoacoustic technology, can noninvasively obtain high-resolution anatomical structures by endogenous absorbers, such as melanin, hemoglobin, lipids, etc. In the past years, PAD has gradually been developed in clinical dermatology for the diagnosis of melanoma, psoriasis, port-wine stains, dermatitis, skin grafting, and testing the efficacy of cosmetics. This protocol provides detailed procedures for PAD construction, including component selection, equipment setup, and system calibration. A step-by-step guide for human skin imaging is provided as an example application. Image reconstruction and troubleshooting procedures are also elaborated. PAD offers the 3D volumetric images of human skin, and quantitatively analyzes the vascular morphology in the dermis. The protocol will provide clinicians with standardized and reasonable guidance in dermatological imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wuyu Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Photoacoustic Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Sihua Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China,*For correspondence:
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Wang Z, Yang F, Cheng Z, Zhang W, Xiong K, Shen T, Yang S. Quantitative multilayered assessment of skin lightening by photoacoustic microscopy. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2022; 12:470-480. [PMID: 34993094 PMCID: PMC8666735 DOI: 10.21037/qims-21-335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the emergence of various new skin-lightening products, there is an urgent need to scientifically evaluate the efficacy and toxicology of these products, and provide scientific guidance for their use based on physiological differences between individuals. Visualized imaging methods and quantitative evaluation criteria play key roles in evaluating the efficacy of skin-lightening products. In order to quantify the changes in the multilayered morphology and endogenous components of human skin before and after the use of lightening products, high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) imaging of human skin is required. METHODS In this study, photoacoustic microscopy (PAM; SSPM-532, Guangdong Photoacoustic Medical Technology Co., Ltd.) was used to capture the morphological structures of human skin and reveal skin components quantitatively. The efficacy and safety of skin-lightening products were evaluated by measuring skin melanin concentration and observing skin morphology. The melanin concentration in the epidermis was obtained by examining the linear relationship between photoacoustic (PA) signals. Further, the epidermal thickness and the melanin distribution were obtained in the cross-sectional (x-z) and lateral (x-y) images. Finally, the efficacy of skin-lightening products was evaluated according to the concentration and distribution of melanin in the epidermis, and the safety of cosmetics was assessed by observing the vascular morphology in the dermis. RESULTS PAM noninvasively could assess the multilayered morphological structures of human skin, which allowed for quantification of epidermal thickness and melanin concentration of different skin sites. Based on this, the efficacy and safety of skin-lightening products in multilayer structures were quantitatively evaluated. CONCLUSIONS As a quantitative imaging method, PAM, has the potential to accurately evaluate the use of skin-lightening products. The method can also be extended to assessments within the larger field of aesthetic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongwen Cheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wuyu Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kedi Xiong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianding Shen
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sihua Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Ma H, Cheng Z, Wang Z, Qiu H, Shen T, Xing D, Gu Y, Yang S. Quantitative and anatomical imaging of dermal angiopathy by noninvasive photoacoustic microscopic biopsy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:6300-6316. [PMID: 34745738 PMCID: PMC8547993 DOI: 10.1364/boe.439625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The ability to noninvasively acquire the fine structure of deep tissues is highly valuable but remains a challenge. Here, a photoacoustic microscopic biopsy (PAMB) combined switchable spatial-scale optical excitation with single-element depth-resolved acoustic detection mode was developed, which effectively coordinated the spatial resolution and the penetration depth for visualizations of skin delamination and chromophore structures up to reticular dermis depth, with the lateral resolution from 1.5 to 104 μm and the axial resolution from 34 to 57 μm. The PAMB obtained anatomical imaging of the pigment distribution within the epidermis and the vascular patterns of the deep dermal tissue, enabling quantification of morphological abnormalities of angiopathy without the need for exogenous contrast agents. The features of healthy skin and scar skin, and the abnormal alteration of dermal vasculature in port wine stains (PWS) skin were first precisely displayed by PAMB-shown multi-layered imaging. Moreover, the quantitative vascular parameters evaluation of PWS were carried out by the detailed clinical PAMB data on 174 patients, which reveals distinct differences among different skin types. PAMB captured the PWS changes in capillary-loop depth, diameter, and vascular volume, making it possible to perform an objective clinical evaluation on the severity of PWS. All the results demonstrated the PAMB can provide vascular biopsy and new indexes deep into the dermal skin noninvasively, which should be meaningful to timely evaluate the pathological types and treatment response of skin diseases. This opens up a new perspective for label-free and non-invasive biopsies of dermal angiopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haigang Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Shenzhen Research Institude of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shenzhen 518057, China
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Optics and Electronics (iOPEN), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Zhongwen Cheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Zhiyang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Haixia Qiu
- Department of Laser Medicine, First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Tianding Shen
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Da Xing
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Ying Gu
- Department of Laser Medicine, First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Sihua Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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Wang Z, Yang F, Ma H, Cheng Z, Zhang W, Xiong K, Shen T, Yang S. Bifocal 532/1064 nm alternately illuminated photoacoustic microscopy for capturing deep vascular morphology in human skin. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 36:51-59. [PMID: 34547120 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a promising technology, photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) plays a critical role in diagnosis and assessment of dermatological conditions by providing subtle vascular networks non-invasively. However, the established PAMs are insufficient for clinical dermatology when faced with complex structures of human skin instead of animal models owing to high melanin content and superimposed vasculature for Asians, which cannot balance the spatial resolution and the imaging depth. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the ability of bifocal 532/1064-nm alternately illuminated photoacoustic microscopy (BF-PAM) to non-invasively reveal the morphological structure of human skin for improving the diagnosis and therapeutic efficacy of skin diseases. METHODS A BF-PAM was developed to capture biopsy-like information of human skin from epidermis to hypodermis. The optical foci of the two excitation beams are staggered in the axial direction to form an extended depth-of-field, which can maintain the lateral resolution and the contrast of PA image. RESULTS The imaging capability of the BF-PAM was demonstrated by depicting the vascular morphology of multilayered skin with imaging depth of ˜3 mm. Furtherly, vascular malformations in port-wine stains skin were quantitatively assessed without the need for any contrast agent, and the distribution, depth and diameter of the ectatic vessels can determine an optimal treatment protocol for port-wine stains lesions. CONCLUSIONS The quantitative vascular morphology in the dermis can be used to accurately assess vascular characteristics, in which case it enables clinicians to determine optimum treatment parameters in individual patients. As a non-invasive imaging technique, BF-PAM holds great potential to provide objective assessment to enhance the therapeutic efficacy. ETHICAL STATEMENT The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (as revised in 2013). The study was approved by the Chinese Ethics Committee of Registering Clinical Trials (ChiECRCT20200184) and registered with Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2000034400). Before skin imaging, written informed consent was taken from all individual participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - F Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - H Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Z Cheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - W Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - K Xiong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - T Shen
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - S Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Li D, Humayun L, Vienneau E, Vu T, Yao J. Seeing through the Skin: Photoacoustic Tomography of Skin Vasculature and Beyond. JID INNOVATIONS 2021; 1:100039. [PMID: 34909735 PMCID: PMC8659408 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjidi.2021.100039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin diseases are the most common human diseases and manifest in distinct structural and functional changes to skin tissue components such as basal cells, vasculature, and pigmentation. Although biopsy is the standard practice for skin disease diagnosis, it is not sufficient to provide in vivo status of the skin and highly depends on the timing of diagnosis. Noninvasive imaging technologies that can provide structural and functional tissue information in real time would be invaluable for skin disease diagnosis and treatment evaluation. Among the modern medical imaging technologies, photoacoustic (PA) tomography (PAT) shows great promise as an emerging optical imaging modality with high spatial resolution, high imaging speed, deep penetration depth, rich contrast, and inherent sensitivity to functional and molecular information. Over the last decade, PAT has undergone an explosion in technical development and biomedical applications. Particularly, PAT has attracted increasing attention in skin disease diagnosis, providing structural, functional, metabolic, molecular, and histological information. In this concise review, we introduce the principles and imaging capability of various PA skin imaging technologies. We highlight the representative applications in the past decade with a focus on imaging skin vasculature and melanoma. We also envision the critical technical developments necessary to further accelerate the translation of PAT technologies to fundamental skin research and clinical impacts.
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Key Words
- ACD, allergy contact dermatitis
- AR-PAM, acoustic-resolution photoacoustic microscopy
- CSC, cryogen spray cooling
- CSVV, cutaneous small-vessel vasculitis
- CTC, circulating tumor cell
- FDA, Food and Drug Administration
- NIR, near-infrared
- OR-PAM, optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy
- PA, photoacoustic
- PACT, photoacoustic computed tomography
- PAM, photoacoustic microscopy
- PAT, photoacoustic tomography
- PWS, port-wine stain
- RSOM, raster-scan optoacoustic mesoscopy
- THb, total hemoglobin concentration
- sO2, oxygen saturation of hemoglobin
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiwei Li
- Photoacoustic Imaging Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lucas Humayun
- Photoacoustic Imaging Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Emelina Vienneau
- Photoacoustic Imaging Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Tri Vu
- Photoacoustic Imaging Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Junjie Yao
- Photoacoustic Imaging Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Fan Y, Ma Q, Wang J, Wang W, Kang H. Evaluation of a 3.8-µm laser-induced skin injury and their repair with in vivo OCT imaging and noninvasive monitoring. Lasers Med Sci 2021; 37:1299-1309. [PMID: 34368917 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-021-03388-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
To explore a 3.8-µm laser-induced damage and wound healing effect, we propose using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and a noninvasive monitoring-based in vivo evaluation method to quantitatively and qualitatively analyze the time-dependent biological effect of a 3.8-µm laser. The optical attenuation coefficient (OAC) is computed using a Fourier-domain algorithm. Three-dimensional (3-D) visualization of OCT images has been implemented to visualize the burnt spots. Furthermore, the burnt spots from the 3-D volumetric data was segmented and visualized, and the quantitative parameters of the burnt spots, such as the mean OACs, areas, and volumes, were computed. Then, OCT images and histological sections were analyzed to compare the structural changes. Within a certain radiation range, there is a linear relationship between radiation dose and temperature. Dermoscopic images, OCT images, and histological sections showed that, within a certain dose range, as the radiation doses increased, the cutaneous damage became more serious. One hour after laser radiation, the mean OACs increased and then decreased; the areas of burnt spots always increased and were 0.95 ± 0.07, 1.01 ± 0.06, 1.025 ± 0.07, 0.99 ± 0.07, 0.98 ± 0.07, 1.00 ± 0.07, 0.96 ± 0.05, and 0.98 ± 0.06 mm-1, respectively; the areas were 2.10 ± 0.63, 3.75 ± 1.85, 5.95 ± 1.62, 8.35 ± 0.88, 9.44 ± 1.28, 10.29 ± 0.49, 12.27 ± 0.96, and 13.127 ± 1.90 mm2; and the volumes were 1.54 ± 0.41, 2.86 ± 0.09, 3.73 ± 0.49, 4.14 ± 0.80, 7.21 ± 0.52, 6.77 ± 0.45, 8.36 ± 0.25, and 10.65 ± 0.51 mm3; and 21 days after laser radiation, the volumes were 0.67 ± 0.18, 1.64 ± 0.08, 1.87 ± 0.12, 2.57 ± 0.34, 3.43 ± 0.26, 3.64 ± 0.04, 3.84 ± 0.15, and 4.16 ± 0.53 mm3, respectively. We investigated the time-dependent biological effect of 3.8-µm laser-induced cutaneous damage and wound healing using the quantitative parameters of OCT imaging and noninvasive monitoring. The real-time temperature reflects the photothermal effect during laser radiation of mouse skin. OCT images of burnt spots were segmented to compute the mean OACs, burnt area, and quantitative volumes. This study has the potential for in vivo noninvasive and quantitative clinical evaluation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingwei Fan
- Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China. .,Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Qiong Ma
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | | | | | - Hongxiang Kang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
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12
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13
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Sheikh R, Hammar B, Naumovska M, Dahlstrand U, Gesslein B, Erlöv T, Cinthio M, Malmsjö M. Photoacoustic imaging for non-invasive examination of the healthy temporal artery - systematic evaluation of visual function in healthy subjects. Acta Ophthalmol 2021; 99:227-231. [PMID: 32841546 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Photoacoustic (PA) imaging has the potential to become a non-invasive diagnostic tool for giant cell arteritis, as shown in pilot experiments on seven patients undergoing surgery. Here, we present a detailed evaluation of the safety regarding visual function and patient tolerability in healthy subjects, and define the spectral signature in the healthy temporal artery. METHODS Photoacoustic scanning of the temporal artery was performed in 12 healthy subjects using 59 wavelengths (from 680 nm to 970 nm). Visual function was tested before and after the examination. The subjects' experience of the examination was rated on a 0-100 VAS scale. Two- and three-dimensional PA images were generated from the spectra obtained from the artery. RESULTS Photoacoustic imaging did not affect the best corrected visual acuity, colour vision (tested with Sahlgren's Saturation Test or the Ishihara colour vision test) or the visual field. The level of discomfort was low, and only little heat and light sensation were reported. The spectral signature of the artery wall could be clearly differentiated from those of the subcutaneous tissue and skin. Spectral unmixing provided visualization of the chromophore distribution and overall architecture of the artery. CONCLUSIONS Photoacoustic imaging of the temporal artery is well tolerated and can be performed without any risk to visual function, including the function of the retina and the optic nerve. The spectral signature of the temporal artery is specific, which is promising for future method development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafi Sheikh
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Ophthalmology Lund UniversitySkane University Hospital Lund Sweden
| | - Björn Hammar
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Ophthalmology Lund UniversitySkane University Hospital Lund Sweden
| | - Magdalena Naumovska
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Ophthalmology Lund UniversitySkane University Hospital Lund Sweden
| | - Ulf Dahlstrand
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Ophthalmology Lund UniversitySkane University Hospital Lund Sweden
| | - Bodil Gesslein
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Ophthalmology Lund UniversitySkane University Hospital Lund Sweden
| | - Tobias Erlöv
- Faculty of Engineering LTH Department of Biomedical Engineering Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Magnus Cinthio
- Faculty of Engineering LTH Department of Biomedical Engineering Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Malin Malmsjö
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Ophthalmology Lund UniversitySkane University Hospital Lund Sweden
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14
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Chen D, Wang Y, Zhao H, Qiu H, Wang Y, Yang J, Gu Y. Monitoring perfusion and oxygen saturation in port-wine stains during vascular targeted photodynamic therapy. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:214. [PMID: 33708841 PMCID: PMC7940906 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-3210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Vascular targeted photodynamic therapy (V-PDT) is a safe and effective therapeutic modality for port-wine stains (PWS) by targetedly damaging the dilated and malformed blood vessels. This study aims to monitor and quantify the changes in oxygen saturation (StO2), blood volume fraction (BVF) and perfusion in PWS lesions before and during V-PDT. Methods Microvascular parameters (i.e., StO2 and BVF) and skin perfusion were measured noninvasively by using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and laser Doppler imaging (LDI), respectively. The change in StO2, BVF and perfusion that occurred in the PWS lesions of 26 patients were monitored and investigated before and during V-PDT in vivo with the systematic administration of the porphyrin-based photosensitizer HiPorfin. Results The mean StO2 (P<0.05), BVF (P<0.05), and perfusion (P<0.001) in PWS lesions of all subjects significantly increased by 6%, 34%, and 113%, respectively, 3 min after the initiation of V-PDT. The StO2 increased first and fluctuated during V-PDT. The overall trend of BVF change was consistent with the perfusion change. The BVF and the perfusion of PWS lesions increased after the initiation of V-PDT, and then gradually decreased. Conclusions V-PDT is an effective therapeutic modality in treating PWS. Results showed that LDI and DRS permitted the noninvasive monitoring of the changes in StO2, BVF, and perfusion in PWS lesions during V-PDT, and these methods can be useful in facilitating our understanding of the basic physiological mechanisms during V-PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defu Chen
- Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Mixed Reality and Advanced Display, School of Optics and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Laser Medicine, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyou Zhao
- Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Haixia Qiu
- Department of Laser Medicine, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yongtian Wang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Mixed Reality and Advanced Display, School of Optics and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Mixed Reality and Advanced Display, School of Optics and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Gu
- Department of Laser Medicine, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Precision laser medical diagnosis and treatment Innovation unit, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Kratkiewicz K, Manwar R, Zhou Y, Mozaffarzadeh M, Avanaki K. Technical considerations in the Verasonics research ultrasound platform for developing a photoacoustic imaging system. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:1050-1084. [PMID: 33680559 PMCID: PMC7901326 DOI: 10.1364/boe.415481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is an emerging functional and molecular imaging technology that has attracted much attention in the past decade. Recently, many researchers have used the vantage system from Verasonics for simultaneous ultrasound (US) and photoacoustic (PA) imaging. This was the motivation to write on the details of US/PA imaging system implementation and characterization using Verasonics platform. We have discussed the experimental considerations for linear array based PAI due to its popularity, simple setup, and high potential for clinical translatability. Specifically, we describe the strategies of US/PA imaging system setup, signal generation, amplification, data processing and study the system performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Kratkiewicz
- Wayne State University, Department of
Biomedical Engineering, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- These authors have contributed
equally
| | - Rayyan Manwar
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of
Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- These authors have contributed
equally
| | - Yang Zhou
- Wayne State University, Department of
Biomedical Engineering, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Moein Mozaffarzadeh
- Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Department
of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands
| | - Kamran Avanaki
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of
Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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Cheng Z, Ma H, Wang Z, Yang S. In vivo volumetric monitoring of revascularization of traumatized skin using extended depth-of-field photoacoustic microscopy. FRONTIERS OF OPTOELECTRONICS 2020; 13:307-317. [PMID: 36641563 PMCID: PMC9743921 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-020-1040-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Faster and better wound healing is a critical medical issue. Because the repair process of wounds is closely related to revascularization, accurate early assessment and postoperative monitoring are very important for establishing an optimal treatment plan. Herein, we present an extended depth-of-field photoacoustic microscopy system (E-DOF-PAM) that can achieve a constant spatial resolution and relatively uniform excitation efficiency over a long axial range. The superior performance of the system was verified by phantom and in vivo experiments. Furthermore, the system was applied to the imaging of normal and trauma sites of volunteers, and the experimental results accurately revealed the morphological differences between the normal and traumatized skin of the epidermis and dermis. These results demonstrated that the E-DOF-PAM is a powerful tool for observing and understanding the pathophysiology of cutaneous wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwen Cheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Haigang Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Zhiyang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Sihua Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
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Wang Z, Yang F, Ma H, Cheng Z, Yang S. Photoacoustic and ultrasound (PAUS) dermoscope with high sensitivity and penetration depth by using a bimorph transducer. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e202000145. [PMID: 32506704 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A bimorph transducer was proposed to improve the detection sensitivity and imaging depth of photoacoustic and ultrasound (PAUS) dermoscope. By applying the bimorph transducer, the imaging depth and sensitivity of PAUS dermoscope were enhanced by simultaneously improving excitation efficiency and reception bandwidth. The integrated design of the imaging head of the dermoscope makes it highly convenient for detecting human skin. The PAUS imaging performance was demonstrated via visualizing subcutaneous tumor and depicting full structures of different skin layers from epidermis to subcutaneous tissue. The results confirm that the dermoscope with the bimorph transducer is well suited for PA and US dual-modality imaging, which can provide multi-information for skin disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haigang Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongwen Cheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sihua Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Attia ABE, Bi R, Dev K, Du Y, Olivo M. Clinical noninvasive imaging and spectroscopic tools for dermatological applications: Review of recent progress. TRANSLATIONAL BIOPHOTONICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/tbio.202000010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amalina Binte Ebrahim Attia
- Lab of Bio‐Optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC) Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore Singapore
| | - Renzhe Bi
- Lab of Bio‐Optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC) Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore Singapore
| | - Kapil Dev
- Lab of Bio‐Optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC) Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore Singapore
| | | | - Malini Olivo
- Lab of Bio‐Optical Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC) Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore Singapore
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Fan Y, Ma Q, Xin S, Peng R, Kang H. Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation of Supercontinuum Laser‐Induced Cutaneous Thermal Injuries and Their Repair With OCT Images. Lasers Surg Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingwei Fan
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine Beijing 100850 China
| | - Qiong Ma
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine Beijing 100850 China
| | - Shenghai Xin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Medicine, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Ruiyun Peng
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine Beijing 100850 China
| | - Hongxiang Kang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine Beijing 100850 China
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20
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Dahlstrand U, Sheikh R, Merdasa A, Chakari R, Persson B, Cinthio M, Erlöv T, Gesslein B, Malmsjö M. Photoacoustic imaging for three-dimensional visualization and delineation of basal cell carcinoma in patients. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2020; 18:100187. [PMID: 32461885 PMCID: PMC7243191 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2020.100187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is an emerging non-invasive biomedical imaging modality that could potentially be used to determine the borders of basal cell carcinomas (BCC) preoperatively in order to reduce the need for repeated surgery. METHODS Two- and three-dimensional PA images were obtained by scanning BCCs using 59 wavelengths in the range 680-970 nm. Spectral unmixing was performed to visualize the tumor tissue distribution. Spectral signatures from 38 BCCs and healthy tissue were compared ex vivo. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The PA spectra could be used to differentiate between BCC and healthy tissue ex vivo (p < 0.05). Spectral unmixing provided visualization of the overall architecture of the lesion and its border. CONCLUSION PA imaging can be used to differentiate between BCC and healthy tissue and can potentially be used to delineate tumors prior to surgical excision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Dahlstrand
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Ophthalmology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Rafi Sheikh
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Ophthalmology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Aboma Merdasa
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Ophthalmology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Rehan Chakari
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Ophthalmology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bertil Persson
- Department of Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus Cinthio
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Tobias Erlöv
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Bodil Gesslein
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Ophthalmology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Malin Malmsjö
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Ophthalmology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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21
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Yang F, Wang Z, Zhang W, Ma H, Cheng Z, Gu Y, Qiu H, Yang S. Wide-field monitoring and real-time local recording of microvascular networks on small animals with a dual-raster-scanned photoacoustic microscope. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e202000022. [PMID: 32101376 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) provides a new method for the imaging of small-animals with high-contrast and deep-penetration. However, the established PAM systems have suffered from a limited field-of-view or imaging speed, which are difficult to both monitor wide-field activity of organ and record real-time change of local tissue. Here, we reported a dual-raster-scanned photoacoustic microscope (DRS-PAM) that integrates a two-dimensional motorized translation stage for large field-of-view imaging and a two-axis fast galvanometer scanner for real-time imaging. The DRS-PAM provides a flexible transition from wide-field monitoring the vasculature of organs to real-time imaging of local dynamics. To test the performance of DRS-PAM, clear characterization of angiogenesis and functional detail was illustrated, hemodynamic activities of vasculature in cerebral cortex of a mouse were investigated. Furthermore, response of tumor to treatment were successfully monitored during treatment. The experimental results demonstrate the DRS-PAM holds the great potential for biomedical research of basic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wuyu Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haigang Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongwen Cheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Gu
- Department of Laser Medicine, First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haixia Qiu
- Department of Laser Medicine, First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Sihua Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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Hult J, Dahlstrand U, Merdasa A, Wickerström K, Chakari R, Persson B, Cinthio M, Erlöv T, Albinsson J, Gesslein B, Sheikh R, Malmsjö M. Unique spectral signature of human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma by photoacoustic imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e201960212. [PMID: 32049420 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201960212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a common skin cancer with metastatic potential. To reduce reoperations due to nonradical excision, there is a need to develop a technique for identification of tumor margins preoperatively. Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is a novel imaging technology that combines the strengths of laser optics and ultrasound. Our aim was to determine the spectral signature of cSCC using PA imaging and to use this signature to visualize tumor architecture and borders. Two-dimensional PA images of 33 cSCCs and surrounding healthy skin were acquired ex vivo, using 59 excitation wavelengths from 680 to 970 nm. The spectral response of the cSCCs was compared to healthy tissue, and the difference was found to be greatest at wavelengths in the range 765 to 960 nm (P < .05). Three-dimensional PA images were constructed from spectra obtained in the y-z plane using a linear stepper motor moving along the x-plane. Spectral unmixing was then performed which provided a clear three-dimensional view of the distribution of tumor masses and their borders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Hult
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Ophthalmology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulf Dahlstrand
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Ophthalmology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Aboma Merdasa
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Ophthalmology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Wickerström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Ophthalmology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Rehan Chakari
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Ophthalmology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bertil Persson
- Department of Dermatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus Cinthio
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tobias Erlöv
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - John Albinsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Ophthalmology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bodil Gesslein
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Ophthalmology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Rafi Sheikh
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Ophthalmology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Malin Malmsjö
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Ophthalmology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Zhang W, Ma H, Cheng Z, Wang Z, Xiong K, Yang S. High-speed dual-view photoacoustic imaging pen. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:1599-1602. [PMID: 32235952 DOI: 10.1364/ol.388863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Today, photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is widely used to study diseases in the skin, brain, cardiovascular, and other parts. However, these studies are often carried out using physiological slices or model animals, which indicate that many PAI techniques can only be used in the laboratory. In order to promote the transformation of PAI into clinical applications or, more specifically, to extend the application of photoacoustic (PA) microscopy to areas such as the oral cavity, throat, cervix, and abdominal viscera which are difficult to detect with conventional PA microscopy systems, a PAI pen was developed. The PAI pen can be handheld and can perform forward detection and lateral detection. The imaging area is a 2.4 mm diameter circular area. In addition, it can provide a high-speed imaging mode of four frames per second and a high-resolution imaging mode of 0.25 frames per second to meet the different needs of clinical users. In this Letter, the performance of the PAI pen was tested by imaging the phantom and the human oral cavity. The experimental results prove that the PAI pen can clearly image the microvessels of the oral cavity, which indicates that it has the same imaging capability for other similar areas and has a good prospect for assisting the diagnosis of related diseases.
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Rao B, Leng X, Zeng Y, Lin Y, Chen R, Zhou Q, Hagemann AR, Kuroki LM, McCourt CK, Mutch DG, Powell MA, Hagemann IS, Zhu Q. Optical Resolution Photoacoustic Microscopy of Ovary and Fallopian Tube. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14306. [PMID: 31586106 PMCID: PMC6778126 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50743-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death among gynecological cancers, but is poorly amenable to preoperative diagnosis. In this study, we investigate the feasibility of "optical biopsy," using high-optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) to quantify the microvasculature of ovarian and fallopian tube tissue. The technique is demonstrated using excised human ovary and fallopian tube specimens imaged immediately after surgery. Quantitative parameters are derived using Amira software. The parameters include three-dimensional vascular segment count, total volume and length, which are associated with tumor angiogenesis. Qualitative results of OR-PAM demonstrate that malignant ovarian tissue has larger and more tortuous blood vessels as well as smaller vessels of different sizes, while benign and normal ovarian tissue has smaller vessels of uniform size. Quantitative analysis shows that malignant ovaries have greater tumor vessel volume, length and number of segments, as compared with benign and normal ovaries. The vascular pattern of benign fallopian tube is different than that of benign ovarian tissue. Our initial results demonstrate the potential of OR-PAM as an imaging tool for fast assessment of ovarian tissue and fallopian tube and could avoid unnecessary surgery if the risk of the examined ovary is extremely low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Rao
- Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- Applied Bioptics LLC, St Louis, MO, 63146, USA
| | - Xiandong Leng
- Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Yifeng Zeng
- Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Yixiao Lin
- Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Ruimin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Ophthalmology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Qifa Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Ophthalmology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Andrea R Hagemann
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Lindsay M Kuroki
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Carolyn K McCourt
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - David G Mutch
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Matthew A Powell
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ian S Hagemann
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Quing Zhu
- Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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25
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Deán-Ben XL, Razansky D. Optoacoustic image formation approaches-a clinical perspective. Phys Med Biol 2019; 64:18TR01. [PMID: 31342913 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ab3522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Clinical translation of optoacoustic imaging is fostered by the rapid technical advances in imaging performance as well as the growing number of clinicians recognizing the immense diagnostic potential of this technology. Clinical optoacoustic systems are available in multiple configurations, including hand-held and endoscopic probes as well as raster-scan approaches. The hardware design must be adapted to the accessible portion of the imaged region and other application-specific requirements pertaining the achievable depth, field of view or spatio-temporal resolution. Equally important is the adequate choice of the signal and image processing approach, which is largely responsible for the resulting imaging performance. Thus, new image reconstruction algorithms are constantly evolving in parallel to the newly-developed set-ups. This review focuses on recent progress on optoacoustic image formation algorithms and processing methods in the clinical setting. Major reconstruction challenges include real-time image rendering in two and three dimensions, efficient hybridization with other imaging modalitites as well as accurate interpretation and quantification of bio-markers, herein discussed in the context of ongoing progress in clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xosé Luís Deán-Ben
- Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering and Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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26
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Liu M, Drexler W. Optical coherence tomography angiography and photoacoustic imaging in dermatology. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:945-962. [PMID: 30735220 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00471d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a relatively novel functional extension of the widely accepted ophthalmic imaging tool named optical coherence tomography (OCT). Since OCTA's debut in ophthalmology, researchers have also been trying to expand its translational application in dermatology. The ability of OCTA to resolve microvasculature has shown promising results in imaging skin diseases. Meanwhile, photoacoustic imaging (PAI), which uses laser pulse induced ultrasound waves as the signal, has been studied to differentiate human skin layers and to help in skin disease diagnosis. This perspective article gives a short review of OCTA and PAI in the field of photodermatology. After an introduction to the principles of OCTA and PAI, we describe the most updated results of skin disease imaging using these two optical imaging modalities. We also place emphasis on dual modality imaging combining OCTA and photoacoustic tomography (PAT) for dermatological applications. In the end, the challenges and prospects of these two imaging modalities in dermatology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyang Liu
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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27
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Zhang W, Ma H, Cheng Z, Wang Z, Zhang L, Yang S. Miniaturized photoacoustic probe for in vivo imaging of subcutaneous microvessels within human skin. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2019; 9:807-814. [PMID: 31281776 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2019.05.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Subcutaneous microvascular visualization is important for accurate diagnosis and precise treatment of those diseases that are associated with subcutaneous microangiopathy. Pure optical imaging technology and ultrasound imaging technology are commonly used to observe subcutaneous blood vessels non-invasively. However, pure optical imaging is limited to visualizing superficial skin features due to the strong scattering of light by biological tissues, while ultrasound imaging which can detect deep tissues has poor resolution and low contrast to reveal microvascular networks. This results in a lack of intuitive understanding of the disease lesion. Methods A miniaturized photoacoustic (PA) probe, which is capable of imaging subcutaneous microvessels with high resolution and deep penetration, was built in this work. The probe is small enough to be hand-held and takes 16 seconds to obtain a maximum amplitude projection image of 400×400 pixels with the imaging area of 2×2 mm2. Results The miniaturized PA probe was measured to have a lateral resolution of about 8.9 µm and an imaging depth of about 2.4 mm. Besides, in vivo animal experiments and human skin imaging have been implemented. The results show that the miniaturized PA probe not only visualizes the subcutaneous microvessels, but also obtains quantitative information such as the diameters and the depths of blood vessels. Conclusions The miniaturized PA probe has potential been used into clinic, and providing quantitative blood vessel information for the diagnosis and monitoring of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuyu Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.,College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Haigang Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.,College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Zhongwen Cheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.,College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Zhiyang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.,College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Sihua Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.,College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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Upputuri PK, Pramanik M. Photoacoustic imaging in the second near-infrared window: a review. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2019; 24:1-20. [PMID: 30968648 PMCID: PMC6990072 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.4.040901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is an emerging medical imaging modality that combines optical excitation and ultrasound detection. Because ultrasound scatters much less than light in biological tissues, PA generates high-resolution images at centimeters depth. In recent years, wavelengths in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) window (1000 to 1700 nm) have been increasingly explored due to its potential for preclinical and clinical applications. In contrast to the conventional PA imaging in the visible (400 to 700 nm) and the first NIR-I (700 to 1000 nm) window, PA imaging in the NIR-II window offers numerous advantages, including high spatial resolution, deeper penetration depth, reduced optical absorption, and tissue scattering. Moreover, the second window allows a fivefold higher light excitation energy density compared to the visible window for enhancing the imaging depth significantly. We highlight the importance of the second window for PA imaging and discuss the various NIR-II PA imaging systems and contrast agents with strong absorption in the NIR-II spectral region. Numerous applications of NIR-II PA imaging, including whole-body animal imaging and human imaging, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Kumar Upputuri
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Singapore
| | - Manojit Pramanik
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Singapore
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Sheikh R, Cinthio M, Dahlstrand U, Erlov T, Naumovska M, Hammar B, Zackrisson S, Jansson T, Reistad N, Malmsjo M. Clinical Translation of a Novel Photoacoustic Imaging System for Examining the Temporal Artery. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2019; 66:472-480. [PMID: 30872212 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2018.2868674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective was to provide a clinical setup for photoacoustic imaging (PAI) of the temporal artery in humans and to describe the challenges encountered and methods of overcoming them. The temporal artery was examined in seven patients with suspect giant-cell arteritis (GCA), both in vivo and ex vivo, and the results were compared to that of histology. To adapt PAI to the human studies, the transducer was fixed to an adjustable arm to reduce motion artifacts, and a stepping motor was developed to enable 3-D scanning. Risks associated with the use of lasers, ultrasound, and electrical equipment were evaluated by measuring energy levels, and safety precautions were undertaken to prevent injury to the patients and staff. The PAI spectra obtained clearly delineated the artery wall, both in vivo and ex vivo, although the latter was of high quality due to the lack of artifacts. The results could be compared to that of histology. The involved energy levels were found to be below the limits given in regulatory standards. Eye protectors prevented irradiation of the patient's eyes, and visual function after the procedure was found not to be affected. The patients reported no discomfort during the investigations. PAI provides images of the temporal artery wall that may be used for the future diagnosis of GCA in humans. The technique could be further refined by addressing the specific problems of motion artifacts and interference from blood and other chromophores. This study paves the way for other clinical applications of PAI.
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30
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Ma H, Yang S, Cheng Z, Xing D. Photoacoustic confocal dermoscope with a waterless coupling and impedance matching opto-sono probe. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:2342-2345. [PMID: 28614306 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.002342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Recently, intensive research on photoacoustic (PA) imaging has been conducted to accelerate the development of dermoscopy of the human skin. In this Letter, we first developed a PA dermoscope equipped with a waterless coupling and impedance matching opto-sono probe to achieve quantitative, high-resolution, and high-contrast imaging of the human skin. Compared with the commonly used liquid-coupled PA probes, the human-skin-adapted probe can facilitate implementation in the clinical setting. The noninvasive imaging experiments of epidermal and dermal structures in volunteers have been carried out to demonstrate the high imaging quality that can be obtained by using such an opto-sono probe for a PA dermoscope. The imaging results show the characteristic parameters of the skin, including pigment distribution and thickness, vascular diameter, and depth. The results confirm that the opto-sono probe can play an important role in the PA dermoscope for making clear the distribution of the pigment layer and blood vessels in the human skin.
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31
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Gao D, Sheng Z, Liu Y, Hu D, Zhang J, Zhang X, Zheng H, Yuan Z. Protein-Modified CuS Nanotriangles: A Potential Multimodal Nanoplatform for In Vivo Tumor Photoacoustic/Magnetic Resonance Dual-Modal Imaging. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 27976529 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201601094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Controllable preparation of water-soluble multifunctional nanoprobes is of great significance for cancer early diagnosis. In this study, protein-modified hydrophilic copper sufide (CuS) nanotriangles with tunable absorption in the second near-infrared region are developed in the presence of halide ions. Further, gadolinium ions chelated diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid is conjugated on it by using the unique characteristics of the protein-protected nanotriangles. Specifically, the as-obtained nanostructures are investigated as contrast agents for enhanced in vivo photoacoustic/magnetic resonance dual-modal tumor imaging. More importantly, in vitro and in vivo toxicity analysis are also performed, which show that the dual-modal nanoprobes are biocompatible for most of the cases. It is demonstrated that the novel as-prepared protein-modified nanotriangles are able to work as a nanoplatform to construct dual-modal nanoprobes, which paves a new avenue for improving the photoacoustic/magnetic resonance imaging contrast in cancer detection. It should be pointed out that other functional blocks may also be linked on it, which makes it a general method to design multifunctional nanoprobes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duyang Gao
- Bioimaging Core; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Macau; Macau SAR 999078 P. R. China
| | - Zonghai Sheng
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging; Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering; Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Yubin Liu
- Bioimaging Core; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Macau; Macau SAR 999078 P. R. China
| | - Dehong Hu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging; Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering; Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Bioimaging Core; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Macau; Macau SAR 999078 P. R. China
| | - Xuanjun Zhang
- Bioimaging Core; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Macau; Macau SAR 999078 P. R. China
| | - Hairong Zheng
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging; Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering; Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Bioimaging Core; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Macau; Macau SAR 999078 P. R. China
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Zou C, Wu B, Dong Y, Song Z, Zhao Y, Ni X, Yang Y, Liu Z. Biomedical photoacoustics: fundamentals, instrumentation and perspectives on nanomedicine. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 12:179-195. [PMID: 28053532 PMCID: PMC5191855 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s124218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is an integrated biomedical imaging modality which combines the advantages of acoustic deep penetration and optical high sensitivity. It can provide functional and structural images with satisfactory resolution and contrast which could provide abundant pathological information for disease-oriented diagnosis. Therefore, it has found vast applications so far and become a powerful tool of precision nanomedicine. However, the investigation of PAI-based imaging nanomaterials is still in its infancy. This perspective article aims to summarize the developments in photoacoustic technologies and instrumentations in the past years, and more importantly, present a bright outlook for advanced PAI-based imaging nanomaterials as well as their emerging biomedical applications in nanomedicine. Current challenges and bottleneck issues have also been discussed and elucidated in this article to bring them to the attention of the readership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunpeng Zou
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Beibei Wu
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Yanyan Dong
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Zhangwei Song
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Yaping Zhao
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Xianwei Ni
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People’s Republic of China
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