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Lipkin M, Nixdorf J, Gilch P. Optimized amplitude modulation in femtosecond stimulated Raman microscopy. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:4204-4207. [PMID: 32735259 DOI: 10.1364/ol.397589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In femtosecond stimulated Raman microscopy, two laser pulses (Raman pump and probe) interact at the focus of a scanning microscope. To retrieve the Raman signature of the sample, an amplitude modulation of the pump pulses is necessary. Here, different methods to achieve this modulation are presented and compared.
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2
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Nixdorf J, Di Florio G, Bröckers L, Borbeck C, Hermes HE, Egelhaaf SU, Gilch P. Uptake of Methanol by Poly(methyl methacrylate): An Old Problem Addressed by a Novel Raman Technique. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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3
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Ashner MN, Tisdale WA. High repetition-rate femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy with fast acquisition. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:18331-18340. [PMID: 30114014 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.018331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS) is a powerful tool for investigating ultrafast structural and vibrational dynamics in light absorbing systems. However, the technique generally requires exposing a sample to high laser pulse fluences and long acquisition times to achieve adequate signal-to-noise ratios. Here, we describe a time-resolved FSRS instrument built around a Yb ultrafast amplifier operating at 200 kHz, and address some of the unique challenges that arise at high repetition-rates. The setup includes detection with a 9 kHz CMOS camera and an improved dual-chopping scheme to reject scattering artifacts that occur in the 3-pulse configuration. The instrument demonstrates good signal-to-noise performance while simultaneously achieving a 3-6 fold reduction in pulse energy and a 5-10 fold reduction in acquisition time relative to comparable 1 kHz instruments.
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4
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Seto K, Tarumi T, Tokunaga E. Amplitude-phase cross talk as a deterioration factor of signal-to-noise ratio in phase-detection noise-cancellation technique for spectral pump/probe measurements and compensation of the amplitude-phase cross talk. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:063111. [PMID: 29960520 DOI: 10.1063/1.5010370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Noise cancellation of the light source is an important method to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and facilitate high-speed detection in pump/probe measurements. We developed a method to eliminate the noise for the multichannel spectral pump/probe measurements with a spectral dispersion of a white probe pulse light. In this method, the sample-induced intensity modulation is converted to the phase modulation of the pulse repetition irrespective of the intensity noise of the light source. The SNR is enhanced through the phase detection of the observed signal with the signal synchronized to the pulse repetition serving as the phase reference (synchronized signal). However, the shot-noise limited performance is not achieved with an intense probe light. In this work, we demonstrate that the performance limitation below the shot noise limit is caused by the amplitude-phase cross talk. It converts the amplitude noise into the phase noise and is caused by the space-charge effect in the photodetector, the reverse bias voltage drop across the load impedance, and the phase detection circuit. The phase delay occurs with an intense light at a PIN photodiode, whereas the phase is advanced in an avalanche photodiode. Although the amplitude distortion characteristics also reduce the performance, the distortion effect is equivalent to the amplitude-phase cross talk. We also propose possible ways to compensate the cross talk effect by using the phase modulation of the synchronized signal for the phase detection based on the instantaneous amplitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Seto
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Takashi Tarumi
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Eiji Tokunaga
- Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
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5
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Label-Free Biomedical Imaging Using High-Speed Lock-In Pixel Sensor for Stimulated Raman Scattering. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17112581. [PMID: 29120358 PMCID: PMC5712989 DOI: 10.3390/s17112581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Raman imaging eliminates the need for staining procedures, providing label-free imaging to study biological samples. Recent developments in stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) have achieved fast acquisition speed and hyperspectral imaging. However, there has been a problem of lack of detectors suitable for MHz modulation rate parallel detection, detecting multiple small SRS signals while eliminating extremely strong offset due to direct laser light. In this paper, we present a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor using high-speed lock-in pixels for stimulated Raman scattering that is capable of obtaining the difference of Stokes-on and Stokes-off signal at modulation frequency of 20 MHz in the pixel before reading out. The generated small SRS signal is extracted and amplified in a pixel using a high-speed and large area lateral electric field charge modulator (LEFM) employing two-step ion implantation and an in-pixel pair of low-pass filter, a sample and hold circuit and a switched capacitor integrator using a fully differential amplifier. A prototype chip is fabricated using 0.11 μm CMOS image sensor technology process. SRS spectra and images of stearic acid and 3T3-L1 samples are successfully obtained. The outcomes suggest that hyperspectral and multi-focus SRS imaging at video rate is viable after slight modifications to the pixel architecture and the acquisition system.
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Hollon T, Lewis S, Freudiger CW, Sunney Xie X, Orringer DA. Improving the accuracy of brain tumor surgery via Raman-based technology. Neurosurg Focus 2016; 40:E9. [PMID: 26926067 DOI: 10.3171/2015.12.focus15557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in the surgical management of brain tumors, achieving optimal surgical results and identification of tumor remains a challenge. Raman spectroscopy, a laser-based technique that can be used to nondestructively differentiate molecules based on the inelastic scattering of light, is being applied toward improving the accuracy of brain tumor surgery. Here, the authors systematically review the application of Raman spectroscopy for guidance during brain tumor surgery. Raman spectroscopy can differentiate normal brain from necrotic and vital glioma tissue in human specimens based on chemical differences, and has recently been shown to differentiate tumor-infiltrated tissues from noninfiltrated tissues during surgery. Raman spectroscopy also forms the basis for coherent Raman scattering (CRS) microscopy, a technique that amplifies spontaneous Raman signals by 10,000-fold, enabling real-time histological imaging without the need for tissue processing, sectioning, or staining. The authors review the relevant basic and translational studies on CRS microscopy as a means of providing real-time intraoperative guidance. Recent studies have demonstrated how CRS can be used to differentiate tumor-infiltrated tissues from noninfiltrated tissues and that it has excellent agreement with traditional histology. Under simulated operative conditions, CRS has been shown to identify tumor margins that would be undetectable using standard bright-field microscopy. In addition, CRS microscopy has been shown to detect tumor in human surgical specimens with near-perfect agreement to standard H & E microscopy. The authors suggest that as the intraoperative application and instrumentation for Raman spectroscopy and imaging matures, it will become an essential component in the neurosurgical armamentarium for identifying residual tumor and improving the surgical management of brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd Hollon
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Spencer Lewis
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - X Sunney Xie
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel A Orringer
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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7
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Saltarelli F, Kumar V, Viola D, Crisafi F, Preda F, Cerullo G, Polli D. Broadband stimulated Raman scattering spectroscopy by a photonic time stretcher. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:21264-21275. [PMID: 27661870 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.021264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Stimulated Raman scattering spectroscopy is a powerful technique for label-free molecular identification, but its broadband implementation is technically challenging. We introduce and experimentally demonstrate a novel approach based on photonic time stretch. The broadband femtosecond Stokes pulse, after interacting with the sample, is stretched by a telecom fiber to ≈15ns, mapping its spectrum in time. The signal is sampled through a fast analog-to-digital converter, providing single-shot spectra at 80-kHz rate. We demonstrate ≈10-5 sensitivity over ≈500cm-1 in the C-H region. Our results pave the way to high-speed broadband vibrational imaging for materials science and biophotonics.
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Czerwinski L, Nixdorf J, Florio GD, Gilch P. Broadband stimulated Raman microscopy with 0.1 ms pixel acquisition time. OPTICS LETTERS 2016; 41:3021-3024. [PMID: 27367091 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.003021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond stimulated Raman microscopy (FSRM) is a nonlinear technique for rapid broadband Raman imaging. It utilizes a few femtosecond probe pulse and a narrow bandwidth pump pulse. Using a fast (20 kHz) multi-channel detector, stimulated Raman spectra can be recorded with an acquisition time as short as 0.1 ms. In this Letter, spectra of neat benzonitrile at different acquisition speeds are presented to benchmark the FSRM setup. Furthermore, chemical maps of a multi-phase polymer blend are recorded using the fastest acquisition rate possible with the current instrument.
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9
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Dietze DR, Mathies RA. Femtosecond Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:1224-51. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Dietze
- Department of Chemistry; University of California in Berkeley; CA Berkeley 94720 USA
| | - Richard A. Mathies
- Department of Chemistry; University of California in Berkeley; CA Berkeley 94720 USA
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Réhault J, Crisafi F, Kumar V, Ciardi G, Marangoni M, Cerullo G, Polli D. Broadband stimulated Raman scattering with Fourier-transform detection. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:25235-46. [PMID: 26406721 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.025235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We propose a new approach to broadband Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) spectroscopy and microscopy based on time-domain Fourier transform (FT) detection of the stimulated Raman gain (SRG) spectrum. We generate two phase-locked replicas of the Stokes pulse after the sample using a passive birefringent interferometer and measure by the FT technique both the Stokes and the SRG spectra. Our approach blends the very high sensitivity of single-channel lock-in balanced detection with the spectral coverage and resolution afforded by FT spectroscopy. We demonstrate our method by measuring the SRG spectra of different compounds and performing broadband SRS imaging on inorganic blends.
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11
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Seto K, Tsukada T, Okuda Y, Tokunaga E, Kobayashi T. Noise cancellation with phase-detection technique for pump-probe measurement and application to stimulated Raman imaging. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2015; 32:809-821. [PMID: 26366905 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.32.000809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Intensity noise on a probe beam is a serious obstacle to highly sensitive and high-speed pump-probe microscopy. In this report, a reference beam of the probe is prepared and delayed. The intensity modulation by the sample is measured as the phase modulation of the superposition of detected electrical signals of the probe and reference beams, and the intensity noise is canceled. We evaluate performance of the noise cancellation using the super-continuum light from a piece of photonic crystal fiber, and find that the noise is canceled by ∼26 dB. We then apply the method to a stimulated Raman microscope. This method contributes to highly sensitive and high-speed pump-probe imaging with various light sources.
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12
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Eigenwillig CM, Wieser W, Todor S, Biedermann BR, Klein T, Jirauschek C, Huber R. Picosecond pulses from wavelength-swept continuous-wave Fourier domain mode-locked lasers. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1848. [PMID: 23673633 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrafast lasers have a crucial function in many fields of science; however, up to now, high-energy pulses directly from compact, efficient and low-power semiconductor lasers are not available. Therefore, we introduce a new approach based on temporal compression of the continuous-wave, wavelength-swept output of Fourier domain mode-locked lasers, where a narrowband optical filter is tuned synchronously to the round-trip time of light in a kilometre-long laser cavity. So far, these rapidly swept lasers enabled orders-of-magnitude speed increase in optical coherence tomography. Here we report on the generation of ~60-70 ps pulses at 390 kHz repetition rate. As energy is stored optically in the long-fibre delay line and not as population inversion in the laser-gain medium, high-energy pulses can now be generated directly from a low-power, compact semiconductor-based oscillator. Our theory predicts subpicosecond pulses with this new technique in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph M Eigenwillig
- Lehrstuhl für BioMolekulare Optik, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oettingenstrasse 67, 80538 Munich, Germany
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13
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Zumbusch A, Langbein W, Borri P. Nonlinear vibrational microscopy applied to lipid biology. Prog Lipid Res 2013; 52:615-32. [PMID: 24051337 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Optical microscopy is an indispensable tool that is driving progress in cell biology. It still is the only practical means of obtaining spatial and temporal resolution within living cells and tissues. Most prominently, fluorescence microscopy based on dye-labeling or protein fusions with fluorescent tags is a highly sensitive and specific method of visualizing biomolecules within sub-cellular structures. It is however severely limited by labeling artifacts, photo-bleaching and cytotoxicity of the labels. Coherent Raman Scattering (CRS) has emerged in the last decade as a new multiphoton microscopy technique suited for imaging unlabeled living cells in real time with high three-dimensional spatial resolution and chemical specificity. This technique has proven to be particularly successful in imaging unstained lipids from artificial membrane model systems, to living cells and tissues to whole organisms. In this article, we will review the experimental implementations of CRS microscopy and their application to imaging lipids. We will cover the theoretical background of linear and non-linear vibrational micro-spectroscopy necessary for the understanding of CRS microscopy. The different experimental implementations of CRS will be compared in terms of sensitivity limits and excitation and detection methods. Finally, we will provide an overview of the applications of CRS microscopy to lipid biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Zumbusch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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14
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Seto K, Okuda Y, Tokunaga E, Kobayashi T. Development of a multiplex stimulated Raman microscope for spectral imaging through multi-channel lock-in detection. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2013; 84:083705. [PMID: 24007071 DOI: 10.1063/1.4818670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We report the development of a multiplex stimulated Raman microscope for spectral imaging through multi-channel lock-in detection with a single light source. A white pump beam is prepared with a piece of photonic crystal fiber (PCF). The system does not require the synchronization of plural light sources or the scanning of their wavelengths, and thus a jitter-free pair of pump and Stokes beams is obtained, and a high degree of temporal synchronization is attained in the spectra. The multi-channel lock-in detection (extended to 128 channels) enables the observation of pseudo-continuous stimulated Raman spectra, demonstrating the strong ability of qualitative analysis to identify various types of C-H stretching modes such as the symmetric and asymmetric modes of the methylene∕methyl and aromatic groups. Images of a mixed film of polystyrene and polymethylmethacrylate are presented to demonstrate the system's spectral imaging ability. The spatial distribution of these materials is successfully captured through one-time imaging, although the noise of the white light pump beam generated with the PCF limits the system's imaging speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Seto
- Department of Applied Physics and Chemistry and Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
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15
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Ideguchi T, Bernhardt B, Guelachvili G, Hänsch TW, Picqué N. Raman-induced Kerr-effect dual-comb spectroscopy. OPTICS LETTERS 2012; 37:4498-4500. [PMID: 23114342 DOI: 10.1364/ol.37.004498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report on the first (to our knowledge) demonstration of nonlinear dual-frequency-comb spectroscopy. In multi-heterodyne femtosecond Raman-induced Kerr-effect spectroscopy, the Raman gain resulting from the coherent excitation of molecular vibrations by a spectrally narrow pump is imprinted onto the femtosecond laser frequency comb probe spectrum. The birefringence signal induced by the nonlinear interaction of these beams and the sample is heterodyned against a frequency comb local oscillator with a repetition frequency slightly different from that of the comb probe. Such time-domain interference provides multiplex access to the phase and amplitude Raman spectra over a broad spectral bandwidth within a short measurement time.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ideguchi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching, Germany
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16
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Challa JR, Du Y, McCamant DW. Femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy using a scanning multichannel technique. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 66:227-232. [PMID: 22449287 DOI: 10.1366/11-06457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A scanning multichannel technique (SMT) has been implemented in femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS). By combining several FSRS spectra detected at slightly different positions of the spectrograph via SMT, we have eliminated the systematic noise patterns ("fixed pattern noise") due to the variation in sensitivity and noise characteristics of the individual charge-coupled device (CCD) pixels. In nonresonant FSRS, solvent subtraction can effectively remove the systematic noise pattern even without SMT. However, in the case of resonant FSRS, we show that a similar solvent subtraction procedure is ineffective at removing the noise patterns without SMT. Application of SMT results in averaged FSRS spectra with improved signal-to-noise ratios that approach the shot-noise limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Reddy Challa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Rd., Rochester, New York 14627, USA
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17
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Bachler BR, Fermann ME, Ogilvie JP. Multiplex Raman induced Kerr effect microscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 20:835-844. [PMID: 22274429 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.000835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report spectrally-resolved chemical imaging based on Raman induced Kerr effect spectroscopy (RIKES). When used with circularly-polarized pump excitation, multiplex RIKES offers the potential for spectrally-resolved imaging free of the nonresonant background that plagues coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering. RIKES does however have a highly sample-dependent birefringent background that limits its sensitivity and can introduce spectral distortions. We demonstrate that in low birefringence samples multiplex RIKES microscopy offers an enhanced signal-to-noise ratio compared to multiplex stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) when implemented in a high polarization-purity, low frequency chopping scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon R Bachler
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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18
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Strachan CJ, Windbergs M, Offerhaus HL. Pharmaceutical applications of non-linear imaging. Int J Pharm 2011; 417:163-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2010] [Revised: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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19
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Kumar V, Osellame R, Ramponi R, Cerullo G, Marangoni M. Background-free broadband CARS spectroscopy from a 1-MHz ytterbium laser. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:15143-15148. [PMID: 21934875 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.015143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a novel configuration for broadband, time-resolved CARS spectroscopy/microscopy in which pump, Stokes and probe pulses are all derived from a single femtosecond Yb:KYW laser. The 1-MHz repetition rate of the system allows very intense CARS signals to be obtained over short acquisition times, while a delayed probe pulse ensures an efficient non-resonant background suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Kumar
- IFN-CNR and Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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20
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Day JPR, Domke KF, Rago G, Kano H, Hamaguchi HO, Vartiainen EM, Bonn M. Quantitative Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) Microscopy. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:7713-25. [DOI: 10.1021/jp200606e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James P. R. Day
- FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics (AMOLF), Science Park 104, 1098 XG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katrin F. Domke
- FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics (AMOLF), Science Park 104, 1098 XG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gianluca Rago
- FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics (AMOLF), Science Park 104, 1098 XG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hideaki Kano
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1 Bunkyo-ku Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiro-o Hamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1 Bunkyo-ku Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Erik M. Vartiainen
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Lappeenranta University of Technology, B. O. Box 20, FI-53851, Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Mischa Bonn
- FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics (AMOLF), Science Park 104, 1098 XG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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21
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Frostig H, Katz O, Natan A, Silberberg Y. Single-pulse stimulated Raman scattering spectroscopy. OPTICS LETTERS 2011; 36:1248-50. [PMID: 21479047 DOI: 10.1364/ol.36.001248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the acquisition of stimulated Raman scattering spectra with the use of a single femtosecond pulse. High-resolution vibrational spectra are obtained by shifting the phase of a narrow band of frequencies within the input pulse spectrum, using spectral shaping. The vibrational lines are resolved via amplitude features formed in the spectrum after interaction with the sample. Using this technique, low-frequency Raman lines (<100 cm⁻¹) are observed on both the Stokes and anti-Stokes sides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadas Frostig
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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22
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Gambetta A, Kumar V, Grancini G, Polli D, Ramponi R, Cerullo G, Marangoni M. Fiber-format stimulated-Raman-scattering microscopy from a single laser oscillator. OPTICS LETTERS 2010; 35:226-8. [PMID: 20081976 DOI: 10.1364/ol.35.000226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A highly simplified architecture for stimulated-Raman-scattering microscopy is demonstrated, where multiple tunable narrowband picosecond pulses are generated by spectral compression of femtosecond pulses emitted by a single compact Er-fiber oscillator. The system provides high sensitivity (2x10(-7)) and spectral resolution (sub-15 cm(-1)), and it offers an unprecedented flexibility for multicolor imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Gambetta
- Dipartimento di Fisica-Polo di Lecco del Politecnico di Milano, ULTRAS-CNR-INFM,IFN-CNR Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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