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Boukouvala C, West CA, Ten A, Hopper E, Ramasse QM, Biggins JS, Ringe E. Far-field, near-field and photothermal response of plasmonic twinned magnesium nanostructures. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:7480-7492. [PMID: 38344779 PMCID: PMC11025716 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05848d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Magnesium nanoparticles offer an alternative plasmonic platform capable of resonances across the ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared. Crystalline magnesium nanoparticles display twinning on the (101̄1), (101̄2), (101̄3), and (112̄1) planes leading to concave folded shapes named tents, chairs, tacos, and kites, respectively. We use the Wulff-based Crystal Creator tool to expand the range of Mg crystal shapes with twinning over the known Mg twin planes, i.e., (101̄x), x = 1, 2, 3 and (112̄y), y = 1, 2, 3, 4, and study the effects of relative facet expression on the resulting shapes. These shapes include both concave and convex structures, some of which have been experimentally observed. The resonant modes, far-field, and near-field optical responses of these unusual plasmonic shapes as well as their photothermal behaviour are reported, revealing the effects of folding angle and in-filling of the concave region. Significant differences exist between shapes, in particular regarding the maximum and average electric field enhancement. A maximum field enhancement (|E|/|E0|) of 184, comparable to that calculated for Au and Ag nanoparticles, was found at the tips of the (112̄4) kite. The presence of a 5 nm MgO shell is found to decrease the near-field enhancement by 67% to 90% depending on the shape, while it can increase the plasmon-induced temperature rise by up to 42%. Tip rounding on the otherwise sharp nanoparticle corners also significantly affects the maximum field enhancement. These results provide guidance for the design of enhancing and photothermal substrates for a variety of plasmonic applications across a wide spectral range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Boukouvala
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
- Department of Earth Sciences, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK
| | - Claire A West
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
- Department of Earth Sciences, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK
| | - Andrey Ten
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
- Department of Earth Sciences, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK
| | - Elizabeth Hopper
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
- Department of Earth Sciences, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Quentin M Ramasse
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, 211 Clarendon Road, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Woodhouse, Leeds, LS2 9JS, UK
- SuperSTEM, SciTech Daresbury Science and Innovation Campus, Keckwick Lane, Warrington, WA4 4AD, UK
| | - John S Biggins
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
- Department of Earth Sciences, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK
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2
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Wayman TR, Lomonosov V, Ringe E. Capping Agents Enable Well-Dispersed and Colloidally Stable Metallic Magnesium Nanoparticles. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2024; 128:4666-4676. [PMID: 38533241 PMCID: PMC10961833 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.4c00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Mg nanoparticles are an emerging plasmonic material due to Mg's abundance and ability to sustain size- and shape-dependent localized surface plasmon resonances across a broad range of wavelengths from the ultraviolet to the near infrared. However, Mg nanoparticles are colloidally unstable due to their tendency to aggregate and sediment. Nanoparticle aggregation can be inhibited by the addition of capping agents that impart surface charges or steric repulsion. Here, we report that the common capping agents poly(vinyl) pyrrolidone (PVP), polyethylene glycol (PEG), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) interact differently and have varied effects on the aggregation and colloidal stability of Mg nanoparticles. Nanoparticles synthesized in the presence of PVP showed improvements in colloidal stability and reduced aggregation, as observed by electron microscopy and optical spectroscopy. The binding of PVP was confirmed through infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The influence of PVP on the reduction of di-n-butyl magnesium was evaluated through analysis of particle size distribution and Mg yield as a function of reaction time, reducing agent, and temperature. Furthermore, the presence of PVP drastically changes the growth pattern of metallic Mg structures obtained from the reduction of the Grignard reagents butylmagnesium chloride and phenylmagnesium chloride by lithium naphthalenide: large polycrystalline aggregates and well-separated faceted nanoparticles grow without and with PVP, respectively. This study provides new synthetic routes that generate colloidally stable and well-dispersed Mg nanoparticles for plasmonic and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas
M. R. Wayman
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom
| | - Vladimir Lomonosov
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom
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3
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Demishkevich E, Zyubin A, Seteikin A, Samusev I, Park I, Hwangbo CK, Choi EH, Lee GJ. Synthesis Methods and Optical Sensing Applications of Plasmonic Metal Nanoparticles Made from Rhodium, Platinum, Gold, or Silver. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:3342. [PMID: 37176223 PMCID: PMC10180225 DOI: 10.3390/ma16093342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to provide an in-depth review of plasmonic metal nanoparticles made from rhodium, platinum, gold, or silver. We describe fundamental concepts, synthesis methods, and optical sensing applications of these nanoparticles. Plasmonic metal nanoparticles have received a lot of interest due to various applications, such as optical sensors, single-molecule detection, single-cell detection, pathogen detection, environmental contaminant monitoring, cancer diagnostics, biomedicine, and food and health safety monitoring. They provide a promising platform for highly sensitive detection of various analytes. Due to strongly localized optical fields in the hot-spot region near metal nanoparticles, they have the potential for plasmon-enhanced optical sensing applications, including metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF), surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), and biomedical imaging. We explain the plasmonic enhancement through electromagnetic theory and confirm it with finite-difference time-domain numerical simulations. Moreover, we examine how the localized surface plasmon resonance effects of gold and silver nanoparticles have been utilized for the detection and biosensing of various analytes. Specifically, we discuss the syntheses and applications of rhodium and platinum nanoparticles for the UV plasmonics such as UV-MEF and UV-SERS. Finally, we provide an overview of chemical, physical, and green methods for synthesizing these nanoparticles. We hope that this paper will promote further interest in the optical sensing applications of plasmonic metal nanoparticles in the UV and visible ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta Demishkevich
- Research and Educational Center, Fundamental and Applied Photonics, Nanophotonics, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Andrey Zyubin
- Research and Educational Center, Fundamental and Applied Photonics, Nanophotonics, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Alexey Seteikin
- Research and Educational Center, Fundamental and Applied Photonics, Nanophotonics, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia
- Department of Physics, Amur State University, 675021 Blagoveshchensk, Russia
| | - Ilia Samusev
- Research and Educational Center, Fundamental and Applied Photonics, Nanophotonics, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Inkyu Park
- Department of Physics, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Kwon Hwangbo
- Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ha Choi
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon Joon Lee
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
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4
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Indhu AR, Keerthana L, Dharmalingam G. Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications - an evaluation. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 14:380-419. [PMID: 37025366 PMCID: PMC10071519 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.14.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The application of plasmonic nanoparticles is motivated by the phenomenon of surface plasmon resonance. Owing to the tunability of optothermal properties and enhanced stability, these nanostructures show a wide range of applications in optical sensors, steam generation, water desalination, thermal energy storage, and biomedical applications such as photothermal (PT) therapy. The PT effect, that is, the conversion of absorbed light to heat by these particles, has led to thriving research regarding the utilization of plasmonic nanoparticles for a myriad of applications. The design of conventional nanomaterials for PT conversion has focussed predominantly on the manipulation of photon absorption through bandgap engineering, doping, incorporation, and modification of suitable matrix materials. Plasmonic nanomaterials offer an alternative and attractive approach in this regard, through the flexibility in the excitation of surface plasmons. Specific advantages are the considerable improved bandwidth of the absorption, a higher efficiency of photon absorption, facile tuning, as well as flexibility in the synthesis of plasmonic nanomaterials. This review of plasmonic PT (PPT) research begins with a theoretical discussion on the plasmonic properties of nanoparticles by means of the quasi-static approximation, Mie theory, Gans theory, generic simulations on common plasmonic material morphologies, and the evaluation processes of PT performance. Further, a variety of nanomaterials and material classes that have potential for PPT conversion are elucidated, such as plasmonic metals, bimetals, and metal-metal oxide nanocomposites. A detailed investigation of the essential, but often ignored, concept of thermal, chemical, and aggregation stability of nanoparticles is another part of this review. The challenges that remain, as well as prospective directions and chemistries, regarding nanomaterials for PT conversion are pondered on in the final section of the article, taking into account the specific requirements from different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Indhu
- Plasmonic Nanomaterials Laboratory, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Coimbatore-641004, India
| | - L Keerthana
- Plasmonic Nanomaterials Laboratory, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Coimbatore-641004, India
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5
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Scarabelli L, Sun M, Zhuo X, Yoo S, Millstone JE, Jones MR, Liz-Marzán LM. Plate-Like Colloidal Metal Nanoparticles. Chem Rev 2023; 123:3493-3542. [PMID: 36948214 PMCID: PMC10103137 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
The pseudo-two-dimensional (2D) morphology of plate-like metal nanoparticles makes them one of the most anisotropic, mechanistically understood, and tunable structures available. Although well-known for their superior plasmonic properties, recent progress in the 2D growth of various other materials has led to an increasingly diverse family of plate-like metal nanoparticles, giving rise to numerous appealing properties and applications. In this review, we summarize recent progress on the solution-phase growth of colloidal plate-like metal nanoparticles, including plasmonic and other metals, with an emphasis on mechanistic insights for different synthetic strategies, the crystallographic habits of different metals, and the use of nanoplates as scaffolds for the synthesis of other derivative structures. We additionally highlight representative self-assembly techniques and provide a brief overview on the attractive properties and unique versatility benefiting from the 2D morphology. Finally, we share our opinions on the existing challenges and future perspectives for plate-like metal nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Scarabelli
- NANOPTO Group, Institue of Materials Science of Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Muhua Sun
- National Center for Electron Microscopy in Beijing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolu Zhuo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Optoelectronic Materials and Chips, School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Sungjae Yoo
- Research Institute for Nano Bio Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Jill E Millstone
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Matthew R Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Materials Science & Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Luis M Liz-Marzán
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, 43009 Bilbao, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Cinbio, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
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6
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Yang L, Ma Y, Lin C, Qu G, Bai X, Huang Z. Nanohelix-Induced Optical Activity of Liquid Metal Nanoparticles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2200620. [PMID: 35319827 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Liquid metals (such as gallium or Ga) exist in liquid states under ambient conditions and are hardly sculpted in chiral structures. Herein, through electron-beam evaporation of Ga, hemispherical achiral Ga nanoparticles (NPs) are randomly immobilized along helical surfaces of SiO2 nanohelices (NHs), functioning as a chiral template. Helical assembly of Ga NPs shows chiroplasmonic optical activity owing to collective plasmon-plasmon interactions, which can be tuned as a function of a helical SiO2 pitch (P) and the amount of Ga evaporated. At a P of ≈150 nm, the chiroplasmonic optical activity, evaluated with anisotropic g-factor, can be as large as ≈0.1. Because the SiO2 NHs and Ga NPs have high environmental stability of nanostructures, the chiroplasmonic optical activity shows excellent anti-aging stability, despite slight blue shift and chiroplasmonic degradation for the first 2 weeks. Spontaneous oxidation of the Ga NPs enables the formation of dense Ga2 O3 layers covering Ga cores to prevent further oxidation and thus to stabilize the chiroplasmonic optical activity. This work devises an alternative approach to impose optical activity onto Ga NPs, providing an additional degree of freedom (i.e., chirality) for Ga-based flexible electronic devices to develop advanced applications of 3D display, circular polarizers, bio-imaging, and bio-detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China
| | - Yicong Ma
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chao Lin
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Geping Qu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Xiaopeng Bai
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhifeng Huang
- HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Golden Meditech Centre for Neuro Regeneration Sciences, HKBU, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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7
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Zhang Y, Guo Z, Zhu H, Xing W, Tao P, Shang W, Fu B, Song C, Hong Y, Dickey MD, Deng T. Synthesis of Liquid Gallium@Reduced Graphene Oxide Core-Shell Nanoparticles with Enhanced Photoacoustic and Photothermal Performance. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:6779-6790. [PMID: 35293736 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This report presents nanoparticles composed of a liquid gallium core with a reduced graphene oxide (RGO) shell (Ga@RGO) of tunable thickness. The particles are produced by a simple, one-pot nanoprobe sonication method. The high near-infrared absorption of RGO results in a photothermal energy conversion of light to heat of 42.4%. This efficient photothermal conversion, combined with the large intrinsic thermal expansion coefficient of liquid gallium, allows the particles to be used for photoacoustic imaging, that is, conversion of light into vibrations that are useful for imaging. The Ga@RGO results in fivefold and twofold enhancement in photoacoustic signals compared with bare gallium nanoparticles and gold nanorods (a commonly used photoacoustic contrast agent), respectively. A theoretical model further reveals the intrinsic factors that affect the photothermal and photoacoustic performance of Ga@RGO. These core-shell Ga@RGO nanoparticles not only can serve as photoacoustic imaging contrast agents but also pave a new way to rationally design liquid metal-based nanomaterials with specific multi-functionality for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyue Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P.R.China.,Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P.R.China
| | - Zhenzhen Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Rd, Shanghai, China 200025
| | - Hanrui Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P.R.China.,Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P.R.China
| | - Wenkui Xing
- The State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P.R.China.,Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P.R.China
| | - Peng Tao
- The State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P.R.China.,Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P.R.China
| | - Wen Shang
- The State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P.R.China.,Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P.R.China
| | - Benwei Fu
- The State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P.R.China.,Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P.R.China
| | - Chengyi Song
- The State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P.R.China.,Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P.R.China
| | - Yuan Hong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Er Rd, Shanghai, China 200025
| | - Michael D Dickey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Tao Deng
- The State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P.R.China.,Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P.R.China
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8
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Liu Y, Li J, Yi L, Wang H. Polymeric Nanoshell-Stabilized Liquid Metal for Bactericidal Photonanomedicine. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:779-788. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- School of Science, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- National Center for Nanoscience & Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Juanjuan Li
- School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Li Yi
- National Center for Nanoscience & Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hao Wang
- National Center for Nanoscience & Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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9
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Koya A, Zhu X, Ohannesian N, Yanik AA, Alabastri A, Proietti Zaccaria R, Krahne R, Shih WC, Garoli D. Nanoporous Metals: From Plasmonic Properties to Applications in Enhanced Spectroscopy and Photocatalysis. ACS NANO 2021; 15:6038-6060. [PMID: 33797880 PMCID: PMC8155319 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The field of plasmonics is capable of enabling interesting applications in different wavelength ranges, spanning from the ultraviolet up to the infrared. The choice of plasmonic material and how the material is nanostructured has significant implications for ultimate performance of any plasmonic device. Artificially designed nanoporous metals (NPMs) have interesting material properties including large specific surface area, distinctive optical properties, high electrical conductivity, and reduced stiffness, implying their potentials for many applications. This paper reviews the wide range of available nanoporous metals (such as Au, Ag, Cu, Al, Mg, and Pt), mainly focusing on their properties as plasmonic materials. While extensive reports on the use and characterization of NPMs exist, a detailed discussion on their connection with surface plasmons and enhanced spectroscopies as well as photocatalysis is missing. Here, we report on different metals investigated, from the most used nanoporous gold to mixed metal compounds, and discuss each of these plasmonic materials' suitability for a range of structural design and applications. Finally, we discuss the potentials and limitations of the traditional and alternative plasmonic materials for applications in enhanced spectroscopy and photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiangchao Zhu
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa
Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Nareg Ohannesian
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston Texas 77204, United States
| | - A. Ali Yanik
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa
Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Alessandro Alabastri
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Remo Proietti Zaccaria
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
- Cixi
Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Materials
Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Zhejiang 315201, China
| | - Roman Krahne
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Wei-Chuan Shih
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa
Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Denis Garoli
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
- Faculty of
Science and Technology, Free University
of Bozen, Piazza Università
5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
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10
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Fazio E, Gökce B, De Giacomo A, Meneghetti M, Compagnini G, Tommasini M, Waag F, Lucotti A, Zanchi CG, Ossi PM, Dell’Aglio M, D’Urso L, Condorelli M, Scardaci V, Biscaglia F, Litti L, Gobbo M, Gallo G, Santoro M, Trusso S, Neri F. Nanoparticles Engineering by Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquids: Concepts and Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2317. [PMID: 33238455 PMCID: PMC7700616 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Laser synthesis emerges as a suitable technique to produce ligand-free nanoparticles, alloys and functionalized nanomaterials for catalysis, imaging, biomedicine, energy and environmental applications. In the last decade, laser ablation and nanoparticle generation in liquids has proven to be a unique and efficient technique to generate, excite, fragment and conjugate a large variety of nanostructures in a scalable and clean way. In this work, we give an overview on the fundamentals of pulsed laser synthesis of nanocolloids and new information about its scalability towards selected applications. Biomedicine, catalysis and sensing are the application areas mainly discussed in this review, highlighting advantages of laser-synthesized nanoparticles for these types of applications and, once partially resolved, the limitations to the technique for large-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enza Fazio
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics and Earth Physics, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (G.G.); (F.N.)
| | - Bilal Gökce
- Department of Technical Chemistry I and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45141 Essen, Germany; (B.G.); (F.W.)
| | - Alessandro De Giacomo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy;
- CNR-NANOTEC, c/o Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Moreno Meneghetti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (M.M.); (F.B.); (L.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Compagnini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.C.); (L.D.); (M.C.); (V.S.)
| | - Matteo Tommasini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy; (M.T.); (A.L.); (C.G.Z.)
| | - Friedrich Waag
- Department of Technical Chemistry I and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45141 Essen, Germany; (B.G.); (F.W.)
| | - Andrea Lucotti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy; (M.T.); (A.L.); (C.G.Z.)
| | - Chiara Giuseppina Zanchi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy; (M.T.); (A.L.); (C.G.Z.)
| | - Paolo Maria Ossi
- Department of Energy & Center for NanoEngineered Materials and Surfaces—NEMAS, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Marcella Dell’Aglio
- CNR-NANOTEC, c/o Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Luisa D’Urso
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.C.); (L.D.); (M.C.); (V.S.)
| | - Marcello Condorelli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.C.); (L.D.); (M.C.); (V.S.)
| | - Vittorio Scardaci
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.C.); (L.D.); (M.C.); (V.S.)
| | - Francesca Biscaglia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (M.M.); (F.B.); (L.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Lucio Litti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (M.M.); (F.B.); (L.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Marina Gobbo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (M.M.); (F.B.); (L.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Giovanni Gallo
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics and Earth Physics, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (G.G.); (F.N.)
| | - Marco Santoro
- STMicroelectronics S.R.L., Stradale Primosole 37, 95121 Catania, Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Trusso
- CNR-IPCF Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, 98053 Messina, Italy;
| | - Fortunato Neri
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics and Earth Physics, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (G.G.); (F.N.)
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11
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Law KM, Budhathoki S, Ranjit S, Martin F, Thind AS, Mishra R, Hauser AJ. Demonstration of nearly pinhole-free epitaxial aluminum thin films by sputter beam epitaxy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18357. [PMID: 33110189 PMCID: PMC7591517 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74981-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Superconducting resonators with high quality factors have been fabricated from aluminum films, suggesting potential applications in quantum computing. Improvement of thin film crystal quality and removal of void and pinhole defects will improve quality factor and functional yield. Epitaxial aluminum films with superb crystallinity, high surface smoothness, and interface sharpness were successfully grown on the c-plane of sapphire using sputter beam epitaxy. This study assesses the effects of varying substrate preparation conditions and growth and prebake temperatures on crystallinity and smoothness. X-ray diffraction and reflectivity measurements yield extensive Laue oscillations and Kiessig thickness fringes for films grown at 200 °C under 15 mTorr Ar, indicating excellent crystallinity and surface smoothness; moreover, an additional substrate preparation procedure which involves (1) a modified substrate cleaning procedure and (2) prebake at 700 °C in 20 mTorr O2 is shown by atomic force microscopy to yield nearly pinhole-free film growth while maintaining epitaxy and high crystal quality. The modified cleaning procedure is environmentally friendly and eliminates the acid etch steps common to conventional sapphire preparation, suggesting potential industrial application both on standard epitaxial and patterned surface sapphire substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Ming Law
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Sujan Budhathoki
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Smriti Ranjit
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Franziska Martin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - Arashdeep S Thind
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Rohan Mishra
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Adam J Hauser
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA.
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12
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Fontaine N, Picard-Lafond A, Asselin J, Boudreau D. Thinking outside the shell: novel sensors designed from plasmon-enhanced fluorescent concentric nanoparticles. Analyst 2020; 145:5965-5980. [PMID: 32815925 DOI: 10.1039/d0an01092h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The alteration of photophysical properties of fluorophores in the vicinity of a metallic nanostructure, a phenomenon termed plasmon- or metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF), has been investigated extensively and used in a variety of proof-of-concept demonstrations over the years. A particularly active area of development in this regard has been the design of nanostructures where fluorophore and metallic core are held in a stable geometry that imparts improved luminosity and photostability to a plethora of organic fluorophores. This minireview presents an overview of MEF-based concentric core-shell sensors developed in the past few years. These architectures expand the range of applications of nanoparticles (NPs) beyond the uses possible with fluorescent molecules. Design aspects that are being described include the influence of the nanocomposite structure on MEF, notably the dependence of fluorescence intensity and lifetime on the distance to the plasmonic core. The chemical composition of nanocomposites as a design feature is also discussed, taking as an example the use of non-noble plasmonic metals such as indium as core materials to enhance multiple fluorophores throughout the UV-Vis range and tune the sensitivity of halide-sensing fluorophores operating on the principle of collisional quenching. Finally, the paper describes how various solid substrates can be functionalized with MEF-based nanosensors to bestow them with intense and photostable pH-sensitive properties for use in fields such as medical therapy and diagnostics, dentistry, biochemistry and microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Fontaine
- Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, CanadaG1V 0A6.
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13
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Chen YP, Lai CC, Tsai WS. Full-color based on bismuth core-shell nanoparticles in one-step fabrication. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:24511-24525. [PMID: 32906991 DOI: 10.1364/oe.398903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic resonances in metallic nanostructures are promising for the structure-dependent color-rendering effect. In this study, bismuth is selected as an alternative plasmonic material due to its large tunable range from near-ultraviolet to near-infrared. Various sizes of core-shell bismuth nanoparticles are fabricated on a large-area silicon substrate using a one-step thermal evaporation deposition process. Particle diameters, cross-sections, and arrangement are characterized at 12 featured sections, which reveal spectral shifts and full visible colors in a hue order with a color gamut that is close to sRGB. Color palettes on the chromaticity coordinates rendered from both measured and simulation reflection spectra are in very good accordance with the microscopic image colors of all sections.
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14
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Ringe E. Shapes, Plasmonic Properties, and Reactivity of Magnesium Nanoparticles. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2020; 124:15665-15679. [PMID: 32905178 PMCID: PMC7467285 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c03871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Localized surface plasmon resonances have attracted much attention due to their ability to enhance light-matter interactions and manipulate light at the subwavelength level. Recently, alternatives to the rare and expensive noble metals Ag and Au have been sought for more sustainable and large-scale plasmonic utilization. Mg supports plasmon resonances, is one of the most abundant elements in earth's crust, and is fully biocompatible, making it an attractive framework for plasmonics. This feature article first reports the hexagonal, folded, and kite-like shapes expected theoretically from a modified Wulff construction for single crystal and twinned Mg structures and describes their excellent match with experimental results. Then, the optical response of Mg nanoparticles is overviewed, highlighting Mg's ability to sustain localized surface plasmon resonances across the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared electromagnetic ranges. The various resonant modes of hexagons, leading to the highly localized electric field characteristic of plasmonic behavior, are presented numerically and experimentally. The evolution of these modes and the associated field from hexagons to the lower symmetry folded structures is then probed, again by matching simulations, optical, and electron spectroscopy data. Lastly, results demonstrating the opportunities and challenges related to the high chemical reactivity of Mg are discussed, including surface oxide formation and galvanic replacement as a synthetic tool for bimetallics. This Feature Article concludes with a summary of the next steps, open questions, and future directions in the field of Mg nanoplasmonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Ringe
- Department of Materials Science
and Metallurgy, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB2 3EQ
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15
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Deng F, Liu H, Peng Y, Panmai M, Lan S. Optical Scattering of Liquid Gallium Nanoparticles Coupled to Thin Metal Films. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1052. [PMID: 32486133 PMCID: PMC7352641 DOI: 10.3390/nano10061052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We investigate experimentally and numerically the scattering properties of liquid gallium nanoparticles coupled to a thin gold or silver film. The gallium nanoparticles are excited either directly by using inclined white light or indirectly by surface plasmon polaritons generated on the surface of the gold/silver film. In the former case, the scattering spectrum is always dominated by a scattering peak at ∼540 nm with a long-wavelength shoulder which is redshifted with increasing diameter of the gallium nanoparticle. Under the excitation of the surface plasmon polaritons, optical resonances with much narrower linewidths, which are dependent on the incidence angle of the white light, appear in the scattering spectra. In this case, the scattering spectrum depends weakly on the diameter of the gallium nanoparticle but the radiation pattern exhibits a strong dependence. In addition, a significant enhancement of electric field is expected in the gap region between the gallium nanoparticles and the gold film based on numerical simulation. As compared with the gallium nanoparticle coupled to the gold film which exhibit mainly yellow and orange colors, vivid scattering light spanning the visible light spectrum can be achieved in the gallium nanoparticles coupled to the silver film by simply varying the incidence angle. Gallium nanoparticles coupled to thin metal films may find potential applications in light-matter interaction and color display.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sheng Lan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (F.D.); (H.L.); (Y.P.); (M.P.)
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16
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Asselin J, Boukouvala C, Hopper ER, Ramasse QM, Biggins JS, Ringe E. Tents, Chairs, Tacos, Kites, and Rods: Shapes and Plasmonic Properties of Singly Twinned Magnesium Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2020; 14:5968-5980. [PMID: 32286792 PMCID: PMC7254836 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c01427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructures of some metals can sustain light-driven electron oscillations called localized surface plasmon resonances, or LSPRs, that give rise to absorption, scattering, and local electric field enhancement. Their resonant frequency is dictated by the nanoparticle (NP) shape and size, fueling much research geared toward discovery and control of new structures. LSPR properties also depend on composition; traditional, rare, and expensive noble metals (Ag, Au) are increasingly eclipsed by earth-abundant alternatives, with Mg being an exciting candidate capable of sustaining resonances across the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared spectral ranges. Here, we report numerical predictions and experimental verifications of a set of shapes based on Mg NPs displaying various twinning patterns including (101̅1), (101̅2), (101̅3), and (112̅1), that create tent-, chair-, taco-, and kite-shaped NPs, respectively. These are strikingly different from what is obtained for typical plasmonic metals because Mg crystallizes in a hexagonal close packed structure, as opposed to the cubic Al, Cu, Ag, and Au. A numerical survey of the optical response of the various structures, as well as the effect of size and aspect ratio, reveals their rich array of resonances, which are supported by single-particle optical scattering experiments. Further, corresponding numerical and experimental studies of the near-field plasmon distribution via scanning transmission electron microscopy electron-energy loss spectroscopy unravels a mode nature and distribution that are unlike those of either hexagonal plates or cylindrical rods. These NPs, made from earth-abundant Mg, provide interesting ways to control light at the nanoscale across the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared spectral ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Asselin
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB3 0FS
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB2 3EQ
| | - Christina Boukouvala
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB3 0FS
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB2 3EQ
| | - Elizabeth R. Hopper
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB3 0FS
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB2 3EQ
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB3 0AS
| | - Quentin M. Ramasse
- School
of Chemical and Process Engineering, University
of Leeds, 211 Clarendon
Road, Leeds, United Kingdom, LS2 9JT
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Leeds, Woodhouse, Leeds, United Kingdom, LS2 9JS
- SuperSTEM, SciTech Daresbury Science and Innovation Campus, Keckwick Lane, Warrington, United Kingdom, WA4 4AD
| | - John S. Biggins
- Department
of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB2 1PZ
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB3 0FS
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB2 3EQ
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17
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Catalán-Gómez S, Bran C, Vázquez M, Vázquez L, Pau JL, Redondo-Cubero A. Plasmonic coupling in closed-packed ordered gallium nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4187. [PMID: 32144349 PMCID: PMC7060194 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61090-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmonic gallium (Ga) nanoparticles (NPs) are well known to exhibit good performance in numerous applications such as surface enhanced fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy or biosensing. However, to reach the optimal optical performance, the strength of the localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) must be enhanced particularly by suitable narrowing the NP size distribution among other factors. With this purpose, our last work demonstrated the production of hexagonal ordered arrays of Ga NPs by using templates of aluminium (Al) shallow pit arrays, whose LSPRs were observed in the VIS region. The quantitative analysis of the optical properties by spectroscopic ellipsometry confirmed an outstanding improvement of the LSPR intensity and full width at half maximum (FWHM) due to the imposed ordering. Here, by engineering the template dimensions, and therefore by tuning Ga NPs size, we expand the LSPRs of the Ga NPs to cover a wider range of the electromagnetic spectrum from the UV to the IR regions. More interestingly, the factors that cause this optical performance improvement are studied with the universal plasmon ruler equation, supported with discrete dipole approximation simulations. The results allow us to conclude that the plasmonic coupling between NPs originated in the ordered systems is the main cause for the optimized optical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Catalán-Gómez
- Grupo de Electrónica y Semiconductores, Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - C Bran
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICMM-CSIC), Cantoblanco, E-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Vázquez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICMM-CSIC), Cantoblanco, E-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Vázquez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICMM-CSIC), Cantoblanco, E-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - J L Pau
- Grupo de Electrónica y Semiconductores, Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Redondo-Cubero
- Grupo de Electrónica y Semiconductores, Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Garoli D, Schirato A, Giovannini G, Cattarin S, Ponzellini P, Calandrini E, Proietti Zaccaria R, D’Amico F, Pachetti M, Yang W, Jin HJ, Krahne R, Alabastri A. Galvanic Replacement Reaction as a Route to Prepare Nanoporous Aluminum for UV Plasmonics. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E102. [PMID: 31947927 PMCID: PMC7023067 DOI: 10.3390/nano10010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in extending plasmonics applications into the ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Noble metals are commonly used in plasmonic, but their intrinsic optical properties limit their use above 350 nm. Aluminum is probably the most suitable material for UV plasmonics, and in this work we fabricated substrates of nanoporous aluminum starting from an alloy of Al2Mg3. The porous metal is obtained by means of a galvanic replacement reaction. Such nanoporous metal can be exploited to achieve a plasmonic material suitable for enhanced UV Raman spectroscopy and fluorescence. Thanks to the large surface to volume ratio, this material represents a powerful platform for promoting interaction between plasmonic substrates and molecules in the UV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Garoli
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy (P.P.); (E.C.); (R.P.Z.); (R.K.)
| | - Andrea Schirato
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy (P.P.); (E.C.); (R.P.Z.); (R.K.)
- Deparment of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Paolo Ponzellini
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy (P.P.); (E.C.); (R.P.Z.); (R.K.)
| | - Eugenio Calandrini
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy (P.P.); (E.C.); (R.P.Z.); (R.K.)
| | - Remo Proietti Zaccaria
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy (P.P.); (E.C.); (R.P.Z.); (R.K.)
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 Zhongguan West Road, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Francesco D’Amico
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 km 163,5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza TS, Italy; (F.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Maria Pachetti
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 km 163,5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza TS, Italy; (F.D.); (M.P.)
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, Via Alfonso Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Wei Yang
- Shenyang National Laboraory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China; (W.Y.); (H.-J.J.)
| | - Hai-Jun Jin
- Shenyang National Laboraory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China; (W.Y.); (H.-J.J.)
| | - Roman Krahne
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy (P.P.); (E.C.); (R.P.Z.); (R.K.)
| | - Alessandro Alabastri
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street MS-378, Houston, TX 77005, USA;
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19
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Asselin J, Boukouvala C, Wu Y, Hopper ER, Collins SM, Biggins JS, Ringe E. Decoration of plasmonic Mg nanoparticles by partial galvanic replacement. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:244708. [PMID: 31893891 DOI: 10.1063/1.5131703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmonic structures have attracted much interest in science and engineering disciplines, exploring a myriad of potential applications owing to their strong light-matter interactions. Recently, the plasmonic concentration of energy in subwavelength volumes has been used to initiate chemical reactions, for instance by combining plasmonic materials with catalytic metals. In this work, we demonstrate that plasmonic nanoparticles of earth-abundant Mg can undergo galvanic replacement in a nonaqueous solvent to produce decorated structures. This method yields bimetallic architectures where partially oxidized 200-300 nm Mg nanoplates and nanorods support many smaller Au, Ag, Pd, or Fe nanoparticles, with potential for a stepwise process introducing multiple decoration compositions on a single Mg particle. We investigated this mechanism by electron-beam imaging and local composition mapping with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy as well as, at the ensemble level, by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. High-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy further supported the bimetallic nature of the particles and provided details of the interface geometry, which includes a Mg oxide separation layer between Mg and the other metal. Depending on the composition of the metallic decorations, strong plasmonic optical signals characteristic of plasmon resonances were observed in the bulk with ultraviolet-visible spectrometry and at the single particle level with darkfield scattering. These novel bimetallic and multimetallic designs open up an exciting array of applications where one or multiple plasmonic structures could interact in the near-field of earth-abundant Mg and couple with catalytic nanoparticles for applications in sensing and plasmon-assisted catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Asselin
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Boukouvala
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - Yuchen Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth R Hopper
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - Sean M Collins
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - John S Biggins
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
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20
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Boukouvala C, Ringe E. Wulff-Based Approach to Modeling the Plasmonic Response of Single Crystal, Twinned, and Core-Shell Nanoparticles. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2019; 123:25501-25508. [PMID: 31681455 PMCID: PMC6822593 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b07584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The growing interest in plasmonic nanoparticles and their increasingly diverse applications is fuelled by the ability to tune properties via shape control, promoting intense experimental and theoretical research. Such shapes are dominated by geometries that can be described by the kinetic Wulff construction such as octahedra, thin triangular platelets, bipyramids, and decahedra, to name a few. Shape is critical in dictating the optical properties of these nanoparticles, in particular their localized surface plasmon resonance behavior, which can be modeled numerically. One challenge of the various available computational techniques is the representation of the nanoparticle shape. Specifically, in the discrete dipole approximation, a particle is represented by discretizing space via an array of uniformly distributed points-dipoles; this can be difficult to construct for complex shapes including those with multiple crystallographic facets, twins, and core-shell particles. Here, we describe a standalone user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI) that uses both kinetic and thermodynamic Wulff constructions to generate a dipole array for complex shapes, as well as the necessary input files for DDSCAT-based numerical approaches. Examples of the use of this GUI are described through three case studies spanning different shapes, compositions, and shell thicknesses. Key advances offered by this approach, in addition to simplicity, are the ability to create crystallographically correct structures and the addition of a conformal shell on complex shapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Boukouvala
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy,
University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge
CB3 0FS, U.K.
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy,
University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge
CB3 0FS, U.K.
- Department of Earth Sciences, University
of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ,
U.K.
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21
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The UV Plasmonic Behavior of Rhodium Tetrahedrons—A Numerical Analysis. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9193947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Rhodium (Rh) nanoparticles have attracted a lot of attention due to their strong and ambient-stable UV plasmonic response. Very recently, the synthesis of Rh tetrahedra with and without concave defect-rich surfaces serving in plasmon assisted photocatalytic energy conversion has been reported. In this work, we perform a systematic numerical study on plasmonic behavior and surface charge distribution in order to optimize the use of Rh tetrahedra in surface-enhanced spectroscopies and photocatalysis. We analyze the effect of the edges and corners reshaping, a deformation already reported to appear in Rh nanocubes which have been repeatedly re-used in photocatalytic processes. It is demonstrated that rounding the edges and corners weakens both the near-field enhancement and surface charge densities in these locations, which in turn are the more reactive regions due to the presence of uncoordinated sites. In addition, we study how the near-field and charge density is redistributed on the surface of the tetrahedra when concavities of different sizes and depths are introduced. Through this study, we show that, in order to simultaneously maximize the near-field enhancement and surface charge densities in the concavity and at external edges and corners, medium size deep concavities are needed.
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Electromagnetic Effective Medium Modelling of Composites with Metal-Semiconductor Core-Shell Type Inclusions. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9070626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The possibility of using light to drive chemical reactions has highlighted the role of photocatalysis as a key tool to address the environmental and energy issues faced by today’s society. Plasmonic photocatalysis, proposed to circumvent some of the problems of conventional semiconductor catalysis, uses hetero-nanostructures composed by plasmonic metals and semiconductors as catalysts. Metal-semiconductor core-shell nanoparticles present advantages (i.e., protecting the metal and enlarging the active sites) with respect to other hetero-nanostructures proposed for plasmonic photocatalysis applications. In order to maximize light absorption in the catalyst, it is critical to accurately model the reflectance/absorptance/transmittance of composites and colloids with metal-semiconductor core-shell nanoparticle inclusions. Here, we present a new method for calculating the effective dielectric function of metal-semiconductor core-shell nanoparticles and its comparison with existing theories showing clear advantages. Particularly, this new method has shown the best performance in the prediction of the spectral position of the localized plasmonic resonances, a key parameter in the design of efficient photocatalysts. This new approach can be considered as a useful tool for designing coated particles with desired plasmonic properties and engineering the effective permittivity of composites with core-shell type inclusions which are used in photocatalysis and solar energy harvesting applications.
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Ashalley E, Gryczynski K, Wang Z, Salamo G, Neogi A. Plasmonically-powered hot carrier induced modulation of light emission in a two-dimensional GaAs semiconductor quantum well. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:3827-3836. [PMID: 30633286 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr07489e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A hot-electron-enabled route to controlling light with dissipative loss compensation in semiconductor quantum light emitters has been realized for tunable quantum optoelectronic devices via a two-species plasmon system. The dual species nano-plasmonic system is achieved by combining UV-plasmonic gallium metal nanoparticles (GaNPs) with visible-plasmonic gold metal nanoparticles (AuNPs) on a near-infrared two-dimensional GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well emitter. It has been demonstrated that while hot carrier-powered charge-transfer processes can result in semiconductor doping and increased optical absorption, photo-generated carrier density in the quantum well can also be modulated by off-resonant plasmonic interaction without thermal dissipation. Merging these essential emitter-friendly optical characteristics in the two-species plasmon system, we effectively modulate the frequency of the emitted light. The wavelength of the emitted light is tuned by the plasmonically powered hot electron process induced by the AuNPs with a 10-fold emission enhancement induced by the GaNPs. The additional plasmonic element provides functionality to achieving an active plasmonic light emitter that is otherwise far from reach with conventional single plasmonic material-based semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Ashalley
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.
| | - Karol Gryczynski
- Department of Physics, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, USA.
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.
| | - Gregory Salamo
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Arup Neogi
- Department of Physics, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, USA.
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The Quest for Low Loss High Refractive Index Dielectric Materials for UV Photonic Applications. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8112065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nanostructured High Refractive Index (HRI) dielectric materials, when acting as nanoantennas or metasurfaces in the near-infrared (NIR) and visible (VIS) spectral ranges, can interact with light and show interesting scattering directionality properties. Also, HRI dielectric materials with low absorption in these spectral ranges show very low heat radiation when illuminated. Up to now, most of the studies of these kind of materials have been explored in the VIS-NIR. However, to the best of our knowledge, these properties have not been extended to the ultraviolet (UV), where their application in fields like photocatalysis, biosensing, surface-enhanced spectroscopies or light guiding and trapping can be of extraordinary relevance. Here, we present a detailed numerical study of the directional scattering properties, near-field enhancement and heat generation of several materials that can be good candidates for those applications in the UV. These materials include aluminum phosphide, aluminum arsenide, aluminum nitride, diamond, cerium dioxide and titanium dioxide. In this study, we compare their performance when forming either isolated nanoparticles or dimers to build either nanoantennas or unit cells for more complex metasurfaces.
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Abstract
Nanoparticles of some metals (Cu/Ag/Au) sustain oscillations of their electron cloud called localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs). These resonances can occur at optical frequencies and be driven by light, generating enhanced electric fields and spectacular photon scattering. However, current plasmonic metals are rare, expensive, and have a limited resonant frequency range. Recently, much attention has been focused on earth-abundant Al, but Al nanoparticles cannot resonate in the IR. The earth-abundant Mg nanoparticles reported here surmount this limitation. A colloidal synthesis forms hexagonal nanoplates, reflecting Mg's simple hexagonal lattice. The NPs form a thin self-limiting oxide layer that renders them stable suspended in 2-propanol solution for months and dry in air for at least two week. They sustain LSPRs observable in the far-field by optical scattering spectroscopy. Electron energy loss spectroscopy experiments and simulations reveal multiple size-dependent resonances with energies across the UV, visible, and IR. The symmetry of the modes and their interaction with the underlying substrate are studied using numerical methods. Colloidally synthesized Mg thus offers a route to inexpensive, stable nanoparticles with novel shapes and resonances spanning the entire UV-vis-NIR spectrum, making them a flexible addition to the nanoplasmonics toolbox.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Biggins
- Department of Engineering , University of Cambridge , Trumpington Street , Cambridge CB2 1PZ , United Kingdom
| | | | - Emilie Ringe
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy , University of Cambridge , 27 Charles Babbage Road , Cambridge CB3 0FS , United Kingdom
- Department of Earth Sciences , University of Cambridge , Downing Street , Cambridge CB2 3EQ , United Kingdom
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Simple Fabrication and Characterization of an Aluminum Nanoparticle Monolayer with Well-Defined Plasmonic Resonances in the Far Ultraviolet. METALS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/met8010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Currently, aluminum plasmonics face technical challenges for the manufacture of reproducible structures by simple and low-cost techniques. In this work, we used a direct current (DC) sputtering system to grow a set of quasi-spherical aluminum nanoparticles with diameters below 10 nm. Our particles are uniformly distributed over the surface of quartz and nitrocellulose substrates. We review in detail the methodology for the determination of adequate deposition parameters to allow great reproducibility in different production runs. Likewise, we carry out an exhaustive nanostructural characterization by means of scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The latter allowed us to identify that our depositions are nanoparticle monolayers with thicknesses equal to the average particle diameter. Finally, by means of absorbance spectra we identify the presence of a very well-defined plasmonic resonance at 186 nm that is associated with the dipolar mode in particles smaller than 10 nm. Due to the sharpness of their plasmonic resonances as well as their great manufacturing simplicity and high reproducibility, our aluminum nanoparticles could be used as optical sensors.
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Plasmonics in the Ultraviolet with Aluminum, Gallium, Magnesium and Rhodium. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet plasmonics (UV) has become an active topic of research due to the new challenges arising in fields such as biosensing, chemistry or spectroscopy. Recent studies have pointed out aluminum, gallium, magnesium and rhodium as promising candidates for plasmonics in the UV range. Aluminum and magnesium present a high oxidation tendency that has a critical effect in their plasmonic performance. Nevertheless, gallium and rhodium have drawn a lot of attention because of their low tendency of oxidation and, at the same time, good plasmonic response in the UV and excellent photocatalytic properties. Here, we present a short overview of the current state of UV plasmonics with the latest findings in the plasmonic response and applications of aluminum, gallium, magnesium and rhodium nanoparticles.
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Gutiérrez Y, Ortiz D, Saiz JM, González F, Everitt HO, Moreno F. The UV Plasmonic Behavior of Distorted Rhodium Nanocubes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 7:E425. [PMID: 29207569 PMCID: PMC5746915 DOI: 10.3390/nano7120425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
For applications of surface-enhanced spectroscopy and photocatalysis, the ultraviolet (UV) plasmonic behavior and charge distribution within rhodium nanocubes is explored by a detailed numerical analysis. The strongest plasmonic hot-spots and charge concentrations are located at the corners and edges of the nanocubes, exactly where they are the most spectroscopically and catalytically active. Because intense catalytic activity at corners and edges will reshape these nanoparticles, distortions of the cubical shape, including surface concavity, surface convexity, and rounded corners and edges, are also explored to quantify how significantly these distortions deteriorate their plasmonic and photocatalytic properties. The fact that the highest fields and highest carrier concentrations occur in the corners and edges of Rh nanocubes (NCs) confirms their tremendous potential for plasmon-enhanced spectroscopy and catalysis. It is shown that this opportunity is fortuitously enhanced by the fact that even higher field and charge concentrations reside at the interface between the metal nanoparticle and a dielectric or semiconductor support, precisely where the most chemically active sites are located.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Gutiérrez
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros, s/n., 39005 Santander, Spain.
| | - Dolores Ortiz
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros, s/n., 39005 Santander, Spain.
| | - José M Saiz
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros, s/n., 39005 Santander, Spain.
| | - Francisco González
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Cantabria, Avda. Los Castros, s/n., 39005 Santander, Spain.
| | - Henry O Everitt
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
- U.S. Army Aviation and Missile RD&E Center, Redstone Arsenal, Huntsville, AL 35898, USA.
| | - Fernando Moreno
- U.S. Army Aviation and Missile RD&E Center, Redstone Arsenal, Huntsville, AL 35898, USA.
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Catalán-Gómez S, Redondo-Cubero A, Palomares FJ, Nucciarelli F, Pau JL. Tunable plasmonic resonance of gallium nanoparticles by thermal oxidation at low temperaturas. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:405705. [PMID: 28787277 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa8505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the oxidation of gallium nanoparticles (Ga NPs) on their plasmonic properties is investigated. Discrete dipole approximation has been used to study the wavelength of the out-of-plane localized surface plasmon resonance in hemispherical Ga NPs, deposited on silicon substrates, with oxide shell (Ga2O3) of different thickness. Thermal oxidation treatments, varying temperature and time, were carried out in order to increase experimentally the Ga2O3 shell thickness in the NPs. The optical, structural and chemical properties of the oxidized NPs have been studied by spectroscopic ellipsometry, scanning electron microscopy, grazing incidence x-ray diffraction and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. A clear redshift of the peak wavelength is observed, barely affecting the intensity of the plasmon resonance. A controllable increase of the Ga2O3 thickness as a consequence of the thermal annealing is achieved. In addition, simulations together with ellipsometry results have been used to determine the oxidation rate, whose kinetics is governed by a logarithmic dependence. These results support the tunable properties of the plasmon resonance wavelength in Ga NPs by thermal oxidation at low temperatures without significant reduction of the plasmon resonance intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Catalán-Gómez
- Grupo de Electrónica y Semiconductores, Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
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Light guiding and switching using eccentric core-shell geometries. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11189. [PMID: 28894230 PMCID: PMC5593893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11401-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
High Refractive Index (HRI) dielectric nanoparticles have been proposed as an alternative to metallic ones due to their low absorption and magnetodielectric response in the VIS and NIR ranges. For the latter, important scattering directionality effects can be obtained. Also, systems constituted by dimers of HRI dielectric nanoparticles have shown to produce switching effects by playing with the polarization, frequency or intensity of the incident radiation. Here, we show that scattering directionality effects can be achieved with a single eccentric metallo-HRI dielectric core-shell nanoparticle. As an example, the effect of the metallic core displacements for a single Ag-Si core-shell nanoparticle has been analyzed. We report rotation of the main scattering lobe either clockwise or counterclockwise depending on the polarization of the incident radiation leading to new scattering configurations for switching purposes. Also, the efficiency of the scattering directionality can be enhanced. Finally, chains of these scattering units have shown good radiation guiding effects, and for 1D periodic arrays, redirection of diffracted intensity can be observed as a consequence of blazing effects. The proposed scattering units constitute new blocks for building systems for optical communications, solar energy harvesting devices and light guiding at the nanoscale level.
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