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Tan L, Fu W, Gao Q, Wang PP. Chiral Plasmonic Hybrid Nanostructures: A Gateway to Advanced Chiroptical Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2309033. [PMID: 37944554 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Chirality introduces a new dimension of functionality to materials, unlocking new possibilities across various fields. When integrated with plasmonic hybrid nanostructures, this attribute synergizes with plasmonic and other functionalities, resulting in unprecedented chiroptical materials that push the boundaries of the system's capabilities. Recent advancements have illuminated the remarkable chiral light-matter interactions within chiral plasmonic hybrid nanomaterials, allowing for the harnessing of their tunable optical activity and hybrid components. These advancements have led to applications in areas such as chiral sensing, catalysis, and spin optics. Despite these promising developments, there remains a need for a comprehensive synthesis of the current state-of-the-art knowledge, as well as a thorough understanding of the construction techniques and practical applications in this field. This review begins with an exploration of the origins of plasmonic chirality and an overview of the latest advancements in the synthesis of chiral plasmonic hybrid nanostructures. Furthermore, representative emerging categories of hybrid nanomaterials are classified and summarized, elucidating their versatile applications. Finally, the review engages with the fundamental challenges associated with chiral plasmonic hybrid nanostructures and offer insights into the future prospects of this advanced field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Wenlong Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Qi Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
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Yan X, Wang R, Luan W, Gao X, Jin Z, Ma G. Tunable multifunctional polarization conversion in bilayer chiral metamaterials. APPLIED OPTICS 2023; 62:8136-8142. [PMID: 38038110 DOI: 10.1364/ao.500057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
A chiral metamaterial composed of bilayer twisted split-ring resonators is proposed and demonstrated to realize tunable, dual-directional, and multifunctional polarization conversion for terahertz waves. Simulations show that the converter can selectively achieve linear-to-linear, linear-to-right-handed circular, or linear-to-left-handed circular polarization conversion by tuning the polarization and propagating direction of the incident waves. Stokes parameters, ellipticity, and a polarization rotation angle are introduced to determine the output polarization. The circular polarization transmission coefficients and surface current distribution are employed to demonstrate the physical mechanisms of the phenomena above. The proposed converter can find potential applications in terahertz imaging and communications.
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Cheng B, Song G. The Ultra-Large-Bandwidth Cascade Full-Stokes-Imaging Metasurface Based on the Dual-Major-Axis Circular Dichroism Grating. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2211. [PMID: 37570529 PMCID: PMC10420911 DOI: 10.3390/nano13152211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
A dual-major-axis grating composed of two metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguides with different dielectric layer thicknesses is numerically proposed to achieve the function of the quarter-wave plate with an extremely large bandwidth (1.0-2.2 μm), whose optical properties can be controlled by the Fabry-Pérot (FP) resonance. For the TE incident mode wave, MIM waveguides with large (small) dielectric layer thicknesses control the guided-mode resonant channels of long (short) waves, respectively, in this miniaturized optical element. Meanwhile, for the TM incident mode wave, the propagation wave vector of this structure is controlled by the hybrid mode of two gap-SPPs (gap-surface plasmon polaritons) with different gap thicknesses. We combine this structure with a thick silver grating to propose a circularly polarizing dichroism device, whose effective bandwidth can reach an astonishing 1.65 μm with a circular polarization extinction ratio greater than 10 dB. The full Stokes pixel based on the six-image element technique can almost accurately measure arbitrary polarization states at 1.2-2.8 μm (including elliptically polarized light), which is the largest bandwidth (1600 nm) of the full Stokes large-image element to date in the near-infrared band. In addition, the average errors of the degree of linear polarizations (Dolp) and degree of circular polarizations (Docp) are less than -25 dB and -10 dB, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Cheng
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China;
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guofeng Song
- Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China;
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Maruyama K, Mizuna M, Kosuge T, Takeda Y, Iwase E, Kan T. Spiral Chiral Metamaterial Structure Shape for Optical Activity Improvements. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1156. [PMID: 37374740 DOI: 10.3390/mi14061156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
We report on a spiral structure suitable for obtaining a large optical response. We constructed a structural mechanics model of the shape of the planar spiral structure when deformed and verified the effectiveness of the model. As a verification structure, we fabricated a large-scale spiral structure that operates in the GHz band by laser processing. Based on the GHz radio wave experiments, a more uniform deformation structure exhibited a higher cross-polarization component. This result suggests that uniform deformation structures can improve circular dichroism. Since large-scale devices enable speedy prototype verification, the obtained knowledge can be exported to miniaturized-scale devices, such as MEMS terahertz metamaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Maruyama
- School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Miyako Mizuna
- Department of Applied Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Takuya Kosuge
- Department of Mechanical and Intelligent Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Yuki Takeda
- Department of Applied Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Eiji Iwase
- Department of Applied Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- Kagami Memorial Research Institute for Materials Science and Technology, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-0051, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Kan
- Department of Mechanical and Intelligent Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
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Li H, Zhou H, Wei G, Xu H, Qin M, Liu J, Wu F. Photonic spin-selective perfect absorptance on planar metasurfaces driven by chiral quasi-bound states in the continuum. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:6636-6644. [PMID: 36877541 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr00055a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Optical metasurfaces with high-quality-factor resonances and selective chirality simultaneously are desired for nanophotonics. Here, an all-dielectric planar chiral metasurface is theoretically proposed and numerically proved to support the astonishing symmetry-protected bound state in the continuum (BIC), due to the preserved π rotational symmetry around the z axis and up-down mirror symmetry simultaneously. Importantly, such BIC is a vortex polarization singularity enclosed by elliptical eigenstate polarizations with non-vanishing helicity, owing to the broken in-plane mirror symmetry. Under the oblique incidence, companied by the BIC transforming into a quasi-BIC (Q-BIC), the strong extrinsic chirality manifests. Assisted by the single-port critical coupling, the planar metasurface can selectively and near-perfectly absorb one circularly polarized light but non-resonantly reflect its counterparts. The circular dichroism (CD) approaching 0.812 is achieved. Intriguingly, the sign of CD (namely, the handedness of the chiral metasurface) can be flexibly manipulated only via varying the azimuthal angle of incident light, due to the periodic helicity sign flip in eigen polarizations around the BIC. Numerical results are consistent with the coupled-mode theory and multipole decomposition method. The spin-selective metasurface absorber empowered by the physics of chiral Q-BICs undoubtedly may promise various applications such as optical filters, polarization detectors, and chiral imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongju Li
- School of Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China.
| | - Hongmiao Zhou
- School of Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China.
| | - Gangao Wei
- School of Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China.
| | - Hangsheng Xu
- School of Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China.
| | - Meng Qin
- School of Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China.
| | - Jianqiang Liu
- School of Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, China
| | - Feng Wu
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou 510665, China
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Chen Y, Yang Z, Wang L, Dong W, Chen Z. Chiral hybrid waveguide-plasmon resonances. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:5927-5939. [PMID: 36823862 DOI: 10.1364/oe.482211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the chiroptical responses of the hybrid systems consisting of metal-insulator-metal (MIM) gammadion arrays on top of a dielectric slab waveguide. We demonstrate that both the transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric (TE) waveguide modes could be coupled to the antisymmetric localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) of the individual MIM-gammadions, leading to the formation of narrow hybrid waveguide-plasmon resonances (WPRs), of which the TM-WPR is less dependent while the TE-WPR is highly dependent on the handedness of the incident light. Associated with the excitation of the TE-WPRs, strong negative and positive circular dichroism (CD) peaks with high quality factors could be obtained on the short-wavelength and long-wavelength side of the LSPRs of the MIM-gammadion, respectively. Moreover, we show that the variation on either the lattice period or slab waveguide thickness allows for easily tuning the TE-WPRs based CD peaks over a relative wide spectral range. Our proposed hybrid system provides tunable and strong CD responses with narrow linewidth, which may have applications in chiral selective imaging, chiral plasmonic bio-sensing and spectroscopy.
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Han Z, Wang F, Sun J, Wang X, Tang Z. Recent Advances in Ultrathin Chiral Metasurfaces by Twisted Stacking. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2206141. [PMID: 36284479 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Artificial chiral nanostructures have been subjected to extensive research for their unique chiroptical activities. Planarized chiral films of ultrathin thicknesses are in particular demand for easy on-chip integration and improved energy efficiency as polarization-sensitive metadevices. Recently, controlled twisted stacking of two or more layers of nanomaterials, such as 2D van der Waals materials, ultrathin films, or traditional metasurfaces, at an angle has emerged as a general strategy to introduce optical chirality into achiral solid-state systems. This method endows new degrees of freedom, e.g., the interlayer twist angle, to flexibly engineer and tune the chiroptical responses without having to change the material or the design, thus greatly facilitating the development of multifunctional metamaterials. In this review, recent exciting progress in planar chiral metasurfaces are summarized and discussed from the viewpoints of building blocks, fabrication methods, as well as circular dichroism and modulation thereof in twisted stacked nanostructures. The review further highlights the ever-growing portfolio of applications of these chiral metasurfaces, including polarization conversion, information encryption, chiral sensing, and as an engineering platform for hybrid metadevices. Finally, forward-looking prospects are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexiang Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Juehan Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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Bao J, Chen X, Liu K, Zhan Y, Li H, Zhang S, Xu Y, Tian Z, Cao T. Nonvolatile chirality switching in terahertz chalcogenide metasurfaces. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2022; 8:112. [PMID: 36193224 PMCID: PMC9525255 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00445-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Actively controlling the polarization states of terahertz (THz) waves is essential for polarization-sensitive spectroscopy, which has various applications in anisotropy imaging, noncontact Hall measurement, and vibrational circular dichroism. In the THz regime, the lack of a polarization modulator hinders the development of this spectroscopy. We theoretically and experimentally demonstrate that conjugated bilayer chiral metamaterials (CMMs) integrated with Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST225) active components can achieve nonvolatile and continuously tunable optical activity in the THz region. A THz time-domain spectroscopic system was used to characterize the device, showing a tunable ellipticity (from ‒36° to 0°) and rotation of the plane polarization (from 32° to 0°) at approximately 0.73 THz by varying the GST225 state from amorphous (AM) to crystalline (CR). Moreover, a continuously tunable chiroptical response was experimentally observed by partially crystallizing the GST225, which can create intermediate states, having regions of both AM and CR states. Note that the GST225 has an advantage of nonvolatility over the other active elements and does not require any energy to retain its structural state. Our work allows the development of THz metadevices capable of actively manipulating the polarization of THz waves and may find applications for dynamically tunable THz circular polarizers and polarization modulators for THz emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Bao
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024 P. R. China
| | - Xieyu Chen
- Center for Terahertz waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, and the Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin, 300072 P. R. China
| | - Kuan Liu
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024 P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhan
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024 P. R. China
| | - Haiyang Li
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024 P. R. China
| | - Shoujun Zhang
- Center for Terahertz waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, and the Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin, 300072 P. R. China
| | - Yihan Xu
- Center for Terahertz waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, and the Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin, 300072 P. R. China
| | - Zhen Tian
- Center for Terahertz waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, and the Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin, 300072 P. R. China
| | - Tun Cao
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024 P. R. China
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Photonic Bandgaps of One-Dimensional Photonic Crystals Containing Anisotropic Chiral Metamaterials. PHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9060411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Conventional photonic bandgaps (PBGs) for linear polarization waves strongly depend on the incident angle. Usually, PBGs will shift toward short wavelengths (i.e., blue-shifted gaps) as the incident angle increases, which limits their applications. In some practices, the manipulation of PBGs for circular polarization waves is also important. Here, the manipulation of PBGs for circular polarization waves is theoretically investigated. We propose one-dimensional photonic crystals (1DPCs) containing anisotropic chiral metamaterials which exhibit hyperbolic dispersion for left circular polarization (LCP) wave and elliptical dispersion for right circular polarization (RCP) wave. Based on the phase variation compensation effect between anisotropic chiral metamaterials and dielectrics, we can design arbitrary PBGs including zero-shifted and red-shifted PBGs for LCP wave. However, the PBGs remain blue-shifted for RCP wave. Therefore, we can design a high-efficiency wide-angle polarization selector based on the chiral PBGs. Our work extends the manipulation of PBGs for circular polarization waves, which has a broad range of potential applications, including omnidirectional reflection, splitting wave and enhancing photonic spin Hall effect.
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Xue L, Timoteo BSM, Qiu W, Wang Z. Broadband Circular Polarizer Based on Chirped Double-Helix Chiral Fiber Grating. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15093366. [PMID: 35591699 PMCID: PMC9100753 DOI: 10.3390/ma15093366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
We propose an all-fiber broadband circular polarizer based on leaky mode coupling and a phase-matched turning point (PMTP) in a chirped, double-helix, chiral, long-period, fiber grating (CLPG). The CLPG was coated with a material in which the refractive index was higher than that of the fiber cladding, enabling the coupling of the core mode to leaky modes to achieve a desired extinction ratio. The complex coupled-mode theory was employed to investigate the coupling mechanism and conditions under which the desired coupling efficiency could be achieved. Moreover, the PMTP in phase-matched curves, which resolved the conflict between the operating bandwidth and the grating pitch range of the CLPG and made a large bandwidth with a small grating pitch possible, was used in the design to achieve a compact structure. Finally, two broadband circular polarizers with an extinction ratio above 25 dB were simulated; one had a bandwidth of over 120 nm and a length of 3.5 cm, and the other had a bandwidth of over 300 nm and a length of 8 cm.
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Cheng M, Fu P, Tang X. Tunable and enhanced optical activity in twisted graphene metasurface bilayers. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:3054-3060. [PMID: 35471279 DOI: 10.1364/ao.452863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The phenomenon about optical activity has widespread applications in polarization optics, biosensing, and analytical chemistry. The optical activity in twisted graphene metasurface bilayers (TGMBs) is studied theoretically in this paper. It is found that the large circular dichroism (CD) value can be adjusted by various physical parameters of TGMBs such as separation distance, the voltage applied to metasurfaces, and twist angle. By adjusting the twist angle of TGMB, the shapes of the CD spectra, circular birefringence spectra, and ellipticity spectra can be manipulated in the broadband range. When the twisted bilayer metasurfaces are stacked with an ultrathin spacer, it is found that there might exist the strong optical activity responses near the rotated-σ-near-zero regime and topological transition σ-near-zero regime. The corresponding phenomena raise the prospect of tunable, compact, and on-chip terahertz devices with graphene metasurfaces based on optical activity.
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Abstract
Many structures in nature look symmetric, but this is not completely accurate, because absolute symmetry is close to death. Chirality (handedness) is one form of living asymmetry. Chirality has been extensively investigated at different levels. Many rules were coined in attempts made for many decades to have control over the selection of handedness that seems to easily occur in nature. It is certain that if good control is realized on chirality, the roads will be ultimately open towards numerous developments in pharmaceutical, technological, and industrial applications. This tutorial review presents a report on chirality from single molecules to supramolecular assemblies. The realized functions are still in their infancy and have been scarcely converted into actual applications. This review provides an overview for starters in the chirality field of research on concepts, common methodologies, and outstanding accomplishments. It starts with an introductory section on the definitions and classifications of chirality at the different levels of molecular complexity, followed by highlighting the importance of chirality in biological systems and the different means of realizing chirality and its inversion in solid and solution-based systems at molecular and supramolecular levels. Chirality-relevant important findings and (bio-)technological applications are also reported accordingly.
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Yang C, Zhao B, Cai W, Zhang ZM. Mid-infrared broadband circular polarizer based on Weyl semimetals. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:3035-3046. [PMID: 35209430 DOI: 10.1364/oe.445803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As a three-dimensional topological phase of matter, Weyl semimetals possess extremely large gyrotropic optical response in the mid-infrared region, leading to the strong chiral anomaly. This study proposes a circular polarizer design with a double-WSM-layer structure. It is theoretically shown that the proposed polarizer possesses a high circular polarization efficiency and high average transmittance in the wavelength region from 9 µm to 15 µm at incidence angles up to 50°. The modified 4 × 4 matrix method is used to calculate the circularly polarized transmittance of Weyl semimetals in thin-film or multilayer structures. The temperature dependence on the transmittance is also examined to demonstrate the flexibility of the proposed polarizer in a varying temperature environment. This study reveals the technological prospect that Weyl semimetals are promising candidates for high-performance circular polarizers in infrared spectroscopy and polarimetry.
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Zhang W, Ai B, Gu P, Guan Y, Wang Z, Xiao Z, Zhang G. Plasmonic Chiral Metamaterials with Sub-10 nm Nanogaps. ACS NANO 2021; 15:17657-17667. [PMID: 34734713 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c05437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sub-10 nm nanogaps are enantioselectively fabricated between two nanocrescents based on nanoskiving and show tailored circular dichroism (CD) activity. The mirror symmetry of the nanostructure is broken by subsequent deposition with different azimuthal angles. Strong plasmonic coupling is excited in the gaps and at the tips, leading to the CD activity. The dissymmetry g-factor of the chiral nanogaps with 5 nm gap-width is -0.055, which is 2.5 times stronger than that of the 10 nm gap-width. Moreover, the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) performance of l/d-cysteine absorbed on chiral nanogaps manifests as the emergence of enantiospecific Raman peaks and the appearance of distinct changes in SERS intensities, which affirms that chiral nanogaps can recognize specific cysteine enantiomers via standard Raman spectroscopy in the absence of circularly polarized light source and a chiral label molecule. The sub-10 nm chiral nanogaps with tailored chiroptical responses show great potential in a class of chiral applications, such as chiral sensing, polarization converters, label-free chiral recognition, and asymmetric catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Bin Ai
- School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Bio-perception & Intelligent Information Processing, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
| | - Panpan Gu
- School of chemical engineering and machinery, Eastern Liaoning University, Dandong 118003, P.R. China
| | - Yuduo Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Zengyao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, P.R. China
| | - Zifan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
| | - Gang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P.R. China
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Shen Z, He Q. Mutual circular polarization conversions in asymmetric transmission and reflection modes by three-layer metasurface with gold split-rings. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:34850-34862. [PMID: 34809265 DOI: 10.1364/oe.441865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic metasurfaces can be used to replace traditional polarization devices for various integrated optical devices because of their novel polarization control ability on a subwavelength scale. In particular, the asymmetric transmission of circularly polarized light by anisotropic metasurface has attracted much attention recently. Here, a simple and effective circular polarization converter composed of three layers of rotated gold split-rings and a Si3N4 substrate is proposed, which is appropriate for both transmission and reflection modes. For transmission mode, it can convert left- and right- handed circularly polarized light into orthogonally polarized light in two adjacent bands with conversion efficiencies of 65% and 75%, respectively. For the reflection mode, the mutual conversion efficiencies can be up to 58% and 64%, respectively. Meanwhile, the structure has moderate asymmetric transmission and reflection efficiencies. The operating band of the metasurface can be adjusted continuously and linearly by changing the refractive index of the substrate. The dual-band asymmetric effects may contribute to information encoding and decoding for communication applications. As an ultra-thin planar optical element, the proposed metasurface can be used in integrated photonics, optical sensing, and other fields.
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Abstract
In the past two decades, polarization gratings (PGs) have attracted intensive attention due to the high-efficient diffraction and polarization selectivity properties. On one hand, the one-dimensional (1D) PGs have been investigated widely and adapted to various applications. On the other hand, optical signal manipulation stimulates the development of multibeam optical devices. Therefore, the development of two-dimensional (2D) PGs is in demand. This review summarizes the research progress of 2D PGs. Different designs and fabrication methods are summarized, including assembling two 1D polarization patterns, a 2D holographic lithography by polarization interference and a micro-pixelated electric field stimulated 2D liquid crystal (LC) structure. Both experiments and analyses are included. The design strategy, diffraction property, merits and demerits are discussed and summarized for the different methods.
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Frizyuk K, Melik-Gaykazyan E, Choi JH, Petrov MI, Park HG, Kivshar Y. Nonlinear Circular Dichroism in Mie-Resonant Nanoparticle Dimers. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:4381-4387. [PMID: 33983751 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We studied the nonlinear response of a dimer composed of two identical Mie-resonant dielectric nanoparticles illuminated normally by a circularly polarized light. We developed a general theory describing hybridization of multipolar modes of the coupled nanoparticles and reveal nonvanishing nonlinear circular dichroism (CD) in the second-harmonic generation (SHG) signal enhanced by the multipolar resonances in the dimer, provided its axis is oriented under an angle to the crystalline lattice of the dielectric material. We supported our multipolar hybridization theory by experimental results obtained for the AlGaAs dimers placed on an engineered substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Frizyuk
- Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Elizaveta Melik-Gaykazyan
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Jae-Hyuck Choi
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Mihail I Petrov
- Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Hong-Gyu Park
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Kivshar
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
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18
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Wen Y, He MQ, Yu YL, Wang JH. Biomolecule-mediated chiral nanostructures: a review of chiral mechanism and application. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 289:102376. [PMID: 33561566 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The chirality of biomolecules is vital importance in biosensing and biomedicine. However, most biomolecules only have a chiral response in the ultraviolet region, and the corresponding chiral signal is weak. In recent years, inorganic nanomaterials can adjust chiral light signals to the visible and near-infrared regions and enhance optical signals due to their high polarizability and adjustable morphology-dependent optical properties. Nonetheless, inorganic nanomaterials usually lack specificity to identify targets, and have strong toxicity when applied in organisms. The combination of chiral biomolecules and inorganic nanomaterials offers a way to solve these problems. Because chiral biomolecules, such as DNA, amino acids, and peptides, have programmability, specific recognition, excellent biocompatibility, and strong binding force to inorganic nanomaterials. Biomolecule-mediated chiral nanostructures show specific recognition of targets, extremely low biological toxicity and adjustable optical activity by regulating, assembling and inducing inorganic nanomaterials. Therefore, biomolecule-mediated chiral nanostructures have received widespread attention, including chiral biosensing, enantiomers recognition and separation, biological diagnosis and treatment, chiral catalysis, and circular polarization of chiral metamaterials. This review mainly introduces the three chiral mechanisms of biomolecule-mediated chiral nanostructures, lists some important applications at present, and discusses the development prospects of biomolecule-mediated chiral nanostructures.
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19
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Gopinath A, Thachuk C, Mitskovets A, Atwater HA, Kirkpatrick D, Rothemund PWK. Absolute and arbitrary orientation of single-molecule shapes. Science 2021; 371:371/6531/eabd6179. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abd6179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
DNA origami is a modular platform for the combination of molecular and
colloidal components to create optical, electronic, and biological devices.
Integration of such nanoscale devices with microfabricated connectors and circuits
is challenging: Large numbers of freely diffusing devices must be fixed at desired
locations with desired alignment. We present a DNA origami molecule whose energy
landscape on lithographic binding sites has a unique maximum. This property
enabled device alignment within 3.2° on silica surfaces. Orientation was absolute
(all degrees of freedom were specified) and arbitrary (the orientation of every
molecule was independently specified). The use of orientation to optimize device
performance was shown by aligning fluorescent emission dipoles within
microfabricated optical cavities. Large-scale integration was demonstrated with an
array of 3456 DNA origami with 12 distinct orientations that indicated the
polarization of excitation light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Gopinath
- Department of Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Chris Thachuk
- Department of Computing and Mathematical Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Anya Mitskovets
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Harry A. Atwater
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - David Kirkpatrick
- Department of Computer Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Paul W. K. Rothemund
- Department of Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Department of Computing and Mathematical Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Computation and Neural Systems, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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20
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Zhang K, Liu Y, Li S, Xia F, Kong W. Actively tunable bi-functional metamirror in a terahertz band. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:464-467. [PMID: 33528385 DOI: 10.1364/ol.410758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we have proposed an actively tunable bi-functional metamirror based on a bi-layer graphene structure. The metamirror acts as a spin-selective absorber under circularly polarized incidence, which behaves as nearly perfect absorption and reflection for right and left circularly polarized waves, respectively, leading to giant circular dichroism. On the other hand, it is a polarization converter under linearly polarized incidence, which reflects the linearly polarized wave into a left circularly polarized wave. Both the spin-selective absorber and the polarization converter can be actively switched between ON and OFF states, with the working frequency controlled by the voltages applied to graphene. Moreover, the metamirror is insensitive to the incidence angle, which contributes to its application as a stable single-mode spin-selective absorber and polarization converter. This bi-layer graphene structure offers a method to construct actively tunable bi-functional metamirrors, which may achieve potential applications in integrated devices, such as active spin detectors, absorbers, and quarter-wave plates for terahertz waves.
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21
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Jing Z, Li Q, Bai Y, Li Y, Zhang Z. Circular dichroism of spatially complementary chiral nanostructures. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:445302. [PMID: 32702677 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aba8be] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Circular dichroism (CD) is widely used in biology, medicine, and physics. Three-dimensional (3D) chiral structures have been extensively studied because of their ability to produce significant CD effects. Previously reported 3D chiral structures are limited due to the complexity of fabrication processes and CD mechanisms. Here, spatially complementary chiral nanostructure (SCCN) arrays, which comprise bottom silver films with zigzag-shaped nanoslit and top complementary silver zigzag-shaped nanowires, are theoretically and experimentally shown to provide the CD effect. SCCN arrays are prepared experimentally by combining electron beam lithography (EBL) with normal electron beam deposition (NEBD) method and by utilizing EBL and NEBD only once. Numerical results demonstrate that localized surface plasmon excited on top complementary silver zigzag-shaped nanowires and surface plasmon polariton excited on bottom silver films with zigzag-shaped nanoslit result in the CD effect of SCCN arrays. In addition, the CD effect can be tuned by changing the width of the top complementary silver zigzag-shaped nanowires. Such type of chiral nanostructures has easy tunability, simple fabrication, and a better understanding of chiral optical response, which provides a new design for spatially chiral optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Jing
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, People's Republic of China
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22
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Huang CX, Zhang JJ, Wu L, Zhang C, Yang J, Yang LX, Ke JC, Bai L, Cheng Q, Cui TJ. Multi‐Band Tunable Chiral Metamaterial for Asymmetric Transmission and Absorption of Linearly Polarized Electromagnetic Waves. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202000179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Synergetic Innovation Center of Wireless Communication Technology Southeast University Nanjing 210 096 China
| | - Jing Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Synergetic Innovation Center of Wireless Communication Technology Southeast University Nanjing 210 096 China
| | - Lin Wu
- School of Engineering Westlake University Hangzhou 310 024 China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of RF‐Microwave Technology and Application School of Science Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430 070 China
| | - Jin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Synergetic Innovation Center of Wireless Communication Technology Southeast University Nanjing 210 096 China
| | - Liu Xi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Synergetic Innovation Center of Wireless Communication Technology Southeast University Nanjing 210 096 China
| | - Jun Chen Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Synergetic Innovation Center of Wireless Communication Technology Southeast University Nanjing 210 096 China
| | - Lin Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Synergetic Innovation Center of Wireless Communication Technology Southeast University Nanjing 210 096 China
| | - Qiang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Synergetic Innovation Center of Wireless Communication Technology Southeast University Nanjing 210 096 China
| | - Tie Jun Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Synergetic Innovation Center of Wireless Communication Technology Southeast University Nanjing 210 096 China
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23
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Mokashi-Punekar S, Zhou Y, Brooks SC, Rosi NL. Construction of Chiral, Helical Nanoparticle Superstructures: Progress and Prospects. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1905975. [PMID: 31815327 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Chiral nanoparticle (NP) superstructures, in which discrete NPs are assembled into chiral architectures, represent an exciting and growing class of nanomaterials. Their enantiospecific properties make them promising candidates for a variety of potential applications. Helical NP superstructures are a rapidly expanding subclass of chiral nanomaterials in which NPs are arranged in three dimensions about a screw axis. Their intrinsic asymmetry gives rise to a variety of interesting properties, including plasmonic chiroptical activity in the visible spectrum, and they hold immense promise as chiroptical sensors and as components of optical metamaterials. Herein, a concise history of the foundational conceptual advances that helped define the field of chiral nanomaterials is provided, and some of the major achievements in the development of helical nanomaterials are highlighted. Next, the key methodologies employed to construct these materials are discussed, and specific merits that are offered by each assembly methodology are identified, as well as their potential disadvantages. Finally, some specific examples of the emerging applications of these materials are discussed and some areas of future development and research focus are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yicheng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Sydney C Brooks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Nathaniel L Rosi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
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24
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Sang Y, Han J, Zhao T, Duan P, Liu M. Circularly Polarized Luminescence in Nanoassemblies: Generation, Amplification, and Application. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1900110. [PMID: 31394014 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201900110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 413] [Impact Index Per Article: 103.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the development of circularly polarized luminescent (CPL) materials has drawn extensive attention due to the numerous potential applications in optical data storage, displays, backlights in 3D displays, and so on. While the fabrication of CPL-active materials generally requires chiral luminescent molecules, the introduction of the "self-assembly" concept offers a new perspective in obtaining the CPL-active materials. Following this approach, various self-assembled materials, including organic-, inorganic-, and hybrid systems can be endowed with CPL properties. Benefiting from the advantages of self-assembly, not only chiral molecules, but also achiral species, as well as inorganic nanoparticles have potential to be self-assembled into chiral nanoassemblies showing CPL activity. In addition, the dissymmetry factor, an important parameter of CPL materials, can be enhanced through various pathways of self-assembly. Here, the present status and progress of self-assembled nanomaterials with CPL activity are reviewed. An overview of the key factors in regulating chiral emission materials at the supramolecular level will largely boost their application in multidisciplinary fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Sang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2 ZhongGuanCun BeiYiJie, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jianlei Han
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, Division of Nanophotonics, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 ZhongGuanCun BeiYiTiao, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Tonghan Zhao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, Division of Nanophotonics, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 ZhongGuanCun BeiYiTiao, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Duan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, Division of Nanophotonics, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 ZhongGuanCun BeiYiTiao, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Minghua Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2 ZhongGuanCun BeiYiJie, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, Division of Nanophotonics, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 ZhongGuanCun BeiYiTiao, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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25
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Cheng B, Zou Y, Shao H, Li T, Song G. Full-Stokes imaging polarimetry based on a metallic metasurface. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:27324-27336. [PMID: 32988029 DOI: 10.1364/oe.400622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We use a single-layer thick metallic metasurface to design the 0-,45- and 90-degree polarizers with transmission efficiencies exceeding 95% based on the bright electric dipole resonance and dark magnetic dipole resonance. In addition, we utilize a bilayer metallic metasurface (forming an efficient Fabry-Perot resonator) to propose a circularly polarizing dichroism waveplate (CPDW). The circular polarization dichroism (CPD = IRCP - ILCP.) in the transmission mode at 1.6 µm wavelength reaches 89% and the extinction ratio (ER = IRCP/ILCP) is 830:1. These four polarizing elements are integrated to form a full Stokes pixel that almost accurately measures arbitrary polarized light at λ0 = 1.6 µm (including elliptically polarized light).
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26
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Reyes G, Reyes JA. Multidirectional switching behavior by transversely stretching a composite cholesteric elastomer. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:032702. [PMID: 33076008 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.032702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We have analyzed the propagation of electromagnetic waves impinging obliquely in a hybrid material, made by a cholesteric elastomer slab with spherical metallic inclusions randomly located in the host material. We have carried out an analytical and numerical model which permits us to obtain the reflection and transmission spectra when the system is submitted to a mechanical stress applied transversely to the cholesteric axis. We have demonstrated that for a large interval of angles of incidence, it can be observed a switching behavior from a discriminatory circular filter to a polarization independent device. The sample also exhibits regions of transformation from right to left circularly polarized waves in the reflection spectra, which are intercalated with zones of similar transmission of both circularly polarized waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Reyes
- Física Química, Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, México
| | - Juan Adrián Reyes
- Física Química, Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F. 04510, México
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27
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Zhou L, Wang Y, Zhou J, Ding J, Lu M, Sang T. Tunable asymmetric transmission across stretchable chiral metamaterial. APPLIED OPTICS 2020; 59:6868-6872. [PMID: 32788777 DOI: 10.1364/ao.395708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A stretchable chiral metamaterial with L-shaped and T-shaped Au patterns (SCMM-LT) is proposed to generate asymmetric transmission (AT) for circularly polarized waves on the polydimethylsiloxane substrate in the mid-infrared region. The peak value of AT can reach 50.02% at the resonance wavelength of 19.1 µm, owing to the enantiomerically sensitive plasmons. With stretching along the x axis and the y axis. respectively, the band of AT shifts to a longer wavelength, which proves the SCMM-LT can be a candidate as the tunable chiral metamaterial. In the future, the proposed stretchable chiral metamaterial could potentially possess high applicability for wearable electronic devices in a variety of sensor fields.
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28
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Optical alignment of achiral nanoparticles via the use of induced chiral force. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-3166-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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29
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Hu Y, Yuan H, Liu S, Ni J, Lao Z, Xin C, Pan D, Zhang Y, Zhu W, Li J, Wu D, Chu J. Chiral Assemblies of Laser-Printed Micropillars Directed by Asymmetrical Capillary Force. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2002356. [PMID: 32567083 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Artificial microstructures composed of chiral building blocks are of great significance in the fields of optics and mechanics. Here, it is shown that highly ordered chiral structures can be spontaneously assembled by a meniscus-directed capillary force arising in an evaporating liquid. The chirality is facilitated by rationally breaking the intrinsic symmetry in the unit cells through cooperative control of the geometry and spatial topology of the micropillars. The interfacial dynamics of the assembly process are studied to show that the sequential self-organization of the micropillars is influenced by the geometries, stiffness, and spatial arrangements. A diversity of chiral assemblies with controlled handedness is yielded by varying the pillar number, height, cross-section, laser power, and spatial topology. Lastly, the differential reflectance of light carrying opposite orbital angular momentums on the assembled chiral architectures are investigated, showcasing their potential in the field of chiral photonics concerning enantioselective response and exceptional optical functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlei Hu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Hongwei Yuan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Shunli Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Jincheng Ni
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Zhaoxin Lao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Chen Xin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Deng Pan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Yiyuan Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Wulin Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Jiawen Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Dong Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Jiaru Chu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
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Lai P, Dong G, Wang W, Chen T, Lv T, Lv B, Zhu Z, Li Y, Guan C, Shi J. Angle enhanced circular dichroism in bilayer 90°-twisted metamaterial. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:15071-15080. [PMID: 32403540 DOI: 10.1364/oe.390055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsic and extrinsic chiral responses have been widely investigated in metamaterials, however the relationship between them has been seldom discussed. We numerically and experimentally demonstrate angle enhanced chiral dichroism and study the separation between intrinsic and extrinsic chiral responses in metamaterial with asymmetrically split aperture dimers. The metamaterial exhibits triple-band resonant circular dichroism at normal incidence. The oblique incidence leads to giant enhancement of circular dichroism at two low-frequency resonances while yields an obvious resonance split of the circular dichroism in the vicinity of the high-frequency resonance. The whole circular dichroism response results from the balance between intrinsic and extrinsic chirality and the circular dichroism spectra at positive and negative angles of incidence exhibit an asymmetry due to the existence of intrinsic chirality. Importantly, the intrinsic chirality in the metamaterial may be individually investigated since extrinsic chiral response may be removed from the total circular dichroism by superimposing two circular dichroism spectra at positive and negative incident angles. The metamaterial will be promising to achieve enhanced chiral response and also separately utilize intrinsic and extrinsic chirality for manipulating the polarization state of light.
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31
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Dong X, Liu C, Huang Y, Hu F, E Y, Jin Y, Zhou Y, Xu X. Angular-dependent circular dichroism of Tai Chi chiral metamaterials in terahertz region. APPLIED OPTICS 2020; 59:3686-3691. [PMID: 32400491 DOI: 10.1364/ao.387150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chirality has received wide attention due to its promising applications in biopharmaceuticals, chemical detection, and polarized optoelectronic devices. Herein, metamaterials with layered Tai Chi patterns are proposed to get strong and tunable chirality. Based on the surface current distribution analysis, a coupling model considering both the magnetic and electric dipoles in the upper and bottom metallic structures is proposed to understand the circular dichroism. Accordingly, both an external chiral modulation by changing the incident angle and an internal chiral modulation by changing the twist angle are achieved. Incident-angle-dependent circular dichroism modulation exhibits a range of 0.44-0.62 and the twist-angle-dependent modulation range is ${-}{0.6 - 0.42}$-0.6-0.42, where the negative value means the polarity of the circular dichroism can also be tuned. This work deepens the understanding of angular-dependent chirality in metamaterials and expands the potential for terahertz polarization optoelectronic applications.
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32
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Ullah H, Abudukelimu A, Qu Y, Bai Y, Aba T, Zhang Z. Giant circular dichroism of chiral L-shaped nanostructure coupled with achiral nanorod: anomalous behavior of multipolar and dipolar resonant modes. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:275205. [PMID: 32224509 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab84a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chirality, which has long been known as an intrinsic property of living organisms, has caught the interest of researchers due to the rapid emergence of chiral metamaterials. The chiroptical response of noble metal nanostructures in visible and near-infrared regions has been widely investigated. Herein, we propose a bilayer Ag metastructure, in which a chiral L-shaped nanostructure at the bottom is coupled with an achiral nanorod acquiring different positions in the top layer with respect to the long and/or short arm of the chiral L-shaped nanostructure at the bottom layer. The metastructure generates a giant circular dichroism (CD) signal resulting from the strong coupling of the multipolar and dipolar resonant modes on the two layers, in the visible and near-infrared regions. With changing the position of the achiral nanorod, an unusual reversal of the CD spectra is observed, along with a fourfold increase in CD intensity in the short wavelength range due to the multipolar resonant modes. The position of the achiral nanorod is tailored by the azimuthal angle of the substrate during the fabrication of the metastructure using the oblique angle deposition method. This study provides insights into the variation of the coupling strength between a chiral L-shaped nanostructure and an achiral nanorod. The results can be useful in designing chiral-achiral composite nanoantennas for sensing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamad Ullah
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, People's Republic of China
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Dai L, Zhang Y, O'Hara JF, Zhang H. Controllable broadband asymmetric transmission of terahertz wave based on Dirac semimetals. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:35784-35796. [PMID: 31878745 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.035784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present a dynamic metamaterial based on Dirac semimetals and capable of realizing broadband and tunable asymmetric transmission in the terahertz region. The Dirac semimetal resonators have a chiral structure patterned with double-T resonators that results in partial polarization conversion of waves incident upon the material, leading to asymmetric transmission across a wide frequency range. We show how the gradual shift of the semimetal Fermi energy permits a method of control over the asymmetric total transmission.
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Fernandez-Corbaton I, Rockstuhl C, Ziemke P, Gumbsch P, Albiez A, Schwaiger R, Frenzel T, Kadic M, Wegener M. New Twists of 3D Chiral Metamaterials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1807742. [PMID: 30790363 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201807742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Rationally designed artificial materials, called metamaterials, allow for tailoring effective material properties beyond ("meta") the properties of their bulk ingredient materials. This statement is especially true for chiral metamaterials, as unlocking certain degrees of freedom necessarily requires broken centrosymmetry. While the field of chiral electromagnetic/optical metamaterials has become rather mature, the field of elastic/mechanical metamaterials is just emerging and wide open. This research news reviews recent theoretical and experimental progress concerning 3D chiral mechanical and optical metamaterials, with special emphasis on work performed at KIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Fernandez-Corbaton
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - C Rockstuhl
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Theoretical Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P Ziemke
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P Gumbsch
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Fraunhofer IWM, Wöhlerstr. 11, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - A Albiez
- Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - R Schwaiger
- Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - T Frenzel
- Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Kadic
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institut FEMTO-ST, UMR 6174, CNRS, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000, Besançon, France
| | - M Wegener
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Zhou S, Lai P, Dong G, Li P, Li Y, Zhu Z, Guan C, Shi J. Tunable chiroptical response of graphene achiral metamaterials in mid-infrared regime. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:15359-15367. [PMID: 31163733 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.015359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We numerically investigate a tunable and extrinsic chiroptical response of a graphene achiral metamaterial in mid-infrared regime. The achiral metamaterial is composed of cascaded metallic split ring apertures and complementary graphene rings patterned on a dielectric layer. The strong extrinsic chiroptical responses of the metamaterial are allowed at oblique incidence and the integrated graphene can dynamically modulate extrinsic chirality by changing its Fermi level. The spectra of the chiroptical responses will show a blue shift with increasing the Fermi level of the patterned graphene. The maximal values of circular dichroism in the reflection and transmission modes can reach 80% and 50%, respectively. The maximal values of polarization rotation angle in the reflection and transmission modes can reach 80° and 60°, respectively. This graphene-based metamaterial design paves a way for a myriad of important terahertz (THz) and mid-infrared applications, such as optical modulators, absorbers and polarizers.
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Liu M, Xu Q, Chen X, Plum E, Li H, Zhang X, Zhang C, Zou C, Han J, Zhang W. Temperature-Controlled Asymmetric Transmission of Electromagnetic Waves. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4097. [PMID: 30858496 PMCID: PMC6412064 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40791-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Chiral materials can exhibit different levels of transmission for opposite propagation directions of the same electromagnetic wave. Here we demonstrate thermal switching of asymmetric transmission of linearly polarized terahertz waves. The effect is observed in a terahertz metamaterial containing 3D-chiral metallic inclusions and achiral vanadium dioxide inclusions. The chiral structure exhibits pronounced asymmetric transmission at room temperature when vanadium dioxide is in its insulator phase. As the metamaterial is heated, the insulator-to-metal phase transition of vanadium dioxide effectively renders the structure achiral and the transmission asymmetry vanishes. We demonstrate the effect numerically and experimentally, describe it analytically and explain the underlying physical mechanism based on simulated surface current distributions. Potential applications include directionally asymmetric active devices as well as intensity and polarization modulators for electromagnetic waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Liu
- Center for Terahertz waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University and the Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Quan Xu
- Center for Terahertz waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University and the Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xieyu Chen
- Center for Terahertz waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University and the Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Eric Plum
- Centre for Photonic Metamaterials & Optoelectronics Research Centre, Zepler Institute, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Hua Li
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Xueqian Zhang
- Center for Terahertz waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University and the Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Caihong Zhang
- Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Chongwen Zou
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, China
| | - Jiaguang Han
- Center for Terahertz waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University and the Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Weili Zhang
- Center for Terahertz waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University and the Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin, 300072, China.,School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74078, USA
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37
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Jana D, Vasista AB, Jog H, Tripathi RPN, Allen M, Allen J, Pavan Kumar GV. V-shaped active plasmonic meta-polymers. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:3799-3803. [PMID: 30785147 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr10034a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report the design and fabrication of V-shaped plasmonic meta-polymers on a glass substrate or silicon wafer using a surface functionalization approach. The efficacy of the assembly method is examined by analyzing the surface enhanced Raman scattering by an individual V-shaped antenna experimentally and using computational simulations to determine the polarization dependence of local electromagnetic field enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debrina Jana
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, SAS Nagar, Mohali 140306, India.
| | - Adarsh B Vasista
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Pune 411008, India.
| | - Harshvardhan Jog
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Pune 411008, India.
| | - Ravi P N Tripathi
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Pune 411008, India.
| | - Monica Allen
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Munitions Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542, USA
| | - Jeffery Allen
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Munitions Directorate, Eglin AFB, FL 32542, USA
| | - G V Pavan Kumar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Pune 411008, India.
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Broadband circular polarizer for randomly polarized light in few-layer metasurface. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2543. [PMID: 30796266 PMCID: PMC6384911 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38948-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlling the polarization state of light has been a significant issue for various integrated optical devices such as optical imaging, sensors, and communications. Recent advances in metamaterials enable the optical elements for controlling light to be miniaturized and to have various multi-functions in subwavelength scale. However, a conventional approach of a circular polarizer has an inherent limitation to eliminate the unwanted circular polarization, which means that the efficiency varies significantly depending on the polarization state of incident light. Here, we propose a novel concept of a circular polarizer by combining two functions of transmission and conversion for orthogonal circular polarizations with a total thickness of 440 nm. The proposed three-layer metasurface composed of rotating silver nanorods transmits the left-handed circularly polarized (LCP) light with maintaining its own polarization state, whereas the right-handed circularly polarized (RCP) light is converted into LCP light. Regardless of the polarization state of incoming light, the polarization of light in the last medium is LCP state in the broadband operating wavelength range from 800 nm to 1100 nm. The converted RCP and the transmitted LCP have efficiencies of up to 48.5% and 42.3%, respectively. Thus the proposed metasurface serves as a stable circular polarizer for a randomly polarized light. In addition, high-efficiency asymmetric transmission of about 0.47 is achieved at the same time due to the conversion characteristic of RCP component. The proposed metasurface has the significance as an ultra-thin optical element applicable to optical switching, sensors, and communications in unidirectional channel as well as a broadband circular polarizer for randomly polarized light.
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Basiri A, Chen X, Bai J, Amrollahi P, Carpenter J, Holman Z, Wang C, Yao Y. Nature-inspired chiral metasurfaces for circular polarization detection and full-Stokes polarimetric measurements. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2019; 8:78. [PMID: 31645924 PMCID: PMC6804686 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-019-0184-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The manipulation and characterization of light polarization states are essential for many applications in quantum communication and computing, spectroscopy, bioinspired navigation, and imaging. Chiral metamaterials and metasurfaces facilitate ultracompact devices for circularly polarized light generation, manipulation, and detection. Herein, we report bioinspired chiral metasurfaces with both strong chiral optical effects and low insertion loss. We experimentally demonstrated submicron-thick circularly polarized light filters with peak extinction ratios up to 35 and maximum transmission efficiencies close to 80% at near-infrared wavelengths (the best operational wavelengths can be engineered in the range of 1.3-1.6 µm). We also monolithically integrated the microscale circular polarization filters with linear polarization filters to perform full-Stokes polarimetric measurements of light with arbitrary polarization states. With the advantages of easy on-chip integration, ultracompact footprints, scalability, and broad wavelength coverage, our designs hold great promise for facilitating chip-integrated polarimeters and polarimetric imaging systems for quantum-based optical computing and information processing, circular dichroism spectroscopy, biomedical diagnosis, and remote sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Basiri
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA
- Centre for Photonic Innovation, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA
| | - Xiahui Chen
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA
- Centre for Photonic Innovation, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA
| | - Jing Bai
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA
- Centre for Photonic Innovation, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA
| | - Pouya Amrollahi
- Biodesign Centre for Molecular Design & Biomimetics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA
| | - Joe Carpenter
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA
- Centre for Photonic Innovation, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA
| | - Zachary Holman
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA
- Centre for Photonic Innovation, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA
- Centre for Photonic Innovation, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA
- Biodesign Centre for Molecular Design & Biomimetics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA
| | - Yu Yao
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA
- Centre for Photonic Innovation, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA
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40
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Sugic D, Dennis MR. Singular knot bundle in light. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2018; 35:1987-1999. [PMID: 30645288 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.35.001987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As the size of an optical vortex knot, imprinted in a coherent light beam, is decreased, nonparaxial effects alter the structure of the knotted optical singularity. For knot structures approaching the scale of wavelength, longitudinal polarization effects become non-negligible, and the electric and magnetic fields differ, leading to intertwined knotted nodal structures in the transverse and longitudinal polarization components, which we call a knot bundle of polarization singularities. We analyze their structure using polynomial beam approximations and numerical diffraction theory. The analysis reveals features of spin-orbit effects and polarization topology in tightly focused geometry, and we propose an experiment to measure this phenomenon.
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41
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Matshitse R, Nwaji N, Mananga M, Prinsloo E, Nyokong T. Effect of number of positive charges on the photophysical and photodynamic therapy activities of quarternary benzothiazole substituted zinc phthalocyanine. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Dube E, Oluwole DO, Nwaji N, Nyokong T. Glycosylated zinc phthalocyanine-gold nanoparticle conjugates for photodynamic therapy: Effect of nanoparticle shape. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 203:85-95. [PMID: 29860172 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.05.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report on the synthesis of tris-[(2,2,7,7-tetramethyltetrahydro-3aH-bis([1,3]dioxolo)[4,5-b:4',5'-d]pyran-5-yl)methoxy)-2-(4-benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylphenoxyphthalocyaninato] zinc(II) (complex 3) and its linkage to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) of different shapes through S-Au/N-Au self-assembly. The conjugates of complex 3 (with both gold nanorods (AuNR) and nanospheres (AuNS)), displayed decreased fluorescence quantum yield with corresponding improved triplet and singlet quantum yields compared to complex 3 alone, however 3-AuNR showed improved properties than 3-AuNS. Complex 3 showed relatively low in vitro dark cytotoxicity against the epithelial breast cancer cells with cell survival ≥ 85% at concentration ≤ 160 μg/mL but afforded reduced photodynamic therapy activity which may be due to aggregation. 3-AuNR afforded superior PDT activity with <50% viable cells at concentration ≥ 40 μg/mL in comparison to 3-AuNS with <50% viable cells at concentration ≥ 80 μg/mL. The superior activity of 3-AuNR is attributed to the photothermal therapy effect since nanorods absorb more light at 680 nm than nanospheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Dube
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - David O Oluwole
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Njemuwa Nwaji
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.
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44
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Nakata Y, Yoshida M, Miyanaga N. Parallel fabrication of spiral surface structures by interference pattern of circularly polarized beams. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13448. [PMID: 30194349 PMCID: PMC6128880 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31834-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass migration of photo-isomeric azo-polymers occurs according to the light intensity gradient, and the morphological surface structure can be fabricated by the artificial distribution of light by applying the interference properties of coherent laser light. Recently, the optical radiation force has played an important role in the morphology for dielectric targets, and chiral structures have been fabricated according to the spirally gathering force distribution that arises due to the electric susceptibility. On the contrary, interference laser processing has been applied to process the surface or interior of the material, and nano- or micro-structures in the lattice have been fabricated in a single exposure to the interference pattern. The unit structures are mostly axisymmetric nanowhiskers, nanodrops and nanobumps, among others. In this experiment, interference laser processing of an azo-polymer dielectric target using a circularly polarised continuous-wave (CW) laser was examined, and a spiral structure was successfully fabricated. From the viewpoint of laser processing method, an optical spiral radiation force was introduced in interference laser processing for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Nakata
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Masataka Yoshida
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Noriaki Miyanaga
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
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45
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Arbitrary shaped beam scattering from a chiral-coated conducting object with arbitrary monochromatic illumination. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12350. [PMID: 30120306 PMCID: PMC6098078 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30596-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
An exact semi-analytical method of calculating the scattered fields from a chiral-coated conducting object under arbitrary shaped beam illumination is developed. The scattered fields and the fields within the chiral coating are expanded in terms of appropriate spherical vector wave functions. The unknown expansion coefficients are determined by solving an infinite system of linear equations derived using the method of moments technique and the boundary conditions. For incidence of a Gaussian beam, circularly polarized wave, zero-order Bessel beam and Hertzian electric dipole radiation on a chiral-coated conducting spheroid and a chiral-coated conducting circular cylinder of finite length, the normalized differential scattering cross sections are evaluated and discussed briefly.
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46
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Boltaev AP, Pudonin FA, Sherstnev IA, Egorov DA. Anomalous optical nonreciprocity in magnetic nanoisland arrays. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:295804. [PMID: 29893721 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aacc0d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We study the phenomenon of optical nonreciprocity in multilayer systems of magnetic nanoislands [FeNi-Al2O3] N . An anomalously large optical nonreciprocity was observed in these systems. The effect was manifested in nonequivalence of polarization plane rotation of reflected light for the sample in an initial position and rotated by [Formula: see text]. We assume that the super-vortex magnetization in the FeNi layers is responsible for the optical nonreciprocity effect. It was found that the value of nonreciprocity effect depends on the effective thickness of FeNi island layer and reaches a maximum with the super-vortex magnetization formation. The nonreciprocity magnitude is significantly higher than the values observed recently in systems of specially formed magnetic nanoparticles. Nonreciprocity magnitude is strongly dependent on interlayer interaction between nanoisland layers at large distances.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Boltaev
- P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy prospekt, 53, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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Pan M, Li Q, Hong Y, Cai L, Lu J, Qiu M. Circular-polarization-sensitive absorption in refractory metamaterials composed of molybdenum zigzag arrays. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:17772-17780. [PMID: 30114062 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.017772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Circularly polarized light (CPL) is utilized in various fields, including optical communication and biological imaging. To overcome the lack of circular-polarization-sensitive absorbers working at high temperature, a refractory and circular-polarization-sensitive absorber comprised of molybdenum zigzag arrays is proposed. At certain resonant wavelengths, one component of circular polarization is absorbed by confining electromagnetic field in the dielectric layer, while the other component is backscattered. The circular-polarization-sensitive absorber could be applied as a CPL thermal radiator as well as a reflective linear-to-circular polarizer. As a CPL thermal radiator, left-handed circular radiation and right-handed circular radiation are dominant at different temperatures, respectively. As a linear-to-circular polarizer, both perfect left-handed circularly polarized light and nearly perfect right-handed circularly polarized light are obtained.
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48
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Collins JT, Hooper DC, Mark AG, Kuppe C, Valev VK. Second-Harmonic Generation Optical Rotation Solely Attributable to Chirality in Plasmonic Metasurfaces. ACS NANO 2018; 12:5445-5451. [PMID: 29852066 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Chiral plasmonic nanostructures, those lacking mirror symmetry, can be designed to manipulate the polarization of incident light resulting in chiroptical (chiral optical) effects such as circular dichroism (CD) and optical rotation (OR). Due to high symmetry sensitivity, corresponding effects in second-harmonic generation (SHG-CD and SHG-OR) are typically much stronger in comparison. These nonlinear effects have long been used for chiral molecular analysis and characterization; however both linear and nonlinear optical rotation can occur even in achiral structures, if the structure is birefringent due to anisotropy. Crucially, chiroptical effects resulting from anisotropy typically exhibit a strong dependence on structural orientation. Here we report a large second-harmonic generation optical rotation of ±45°, due to intrinsic chirality in a highly anisotropic helical metamaterial. The SHG intensity is found to strongly relate to the structural anisotropy; however, the angle of SHG-OR is invariant under sample rotation. We show that by tuning the geometry of anisotropic nanostructures, the interaction between anisotropy, chirality, and experimental geometry can allow even greater control over the chiroptical properties of plasmonic metamaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel T Collins
- Centre for Photonics and Photonic Materials, and Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Physics , University of Bath , Bath , BA2 7AY , United Kingdom
| | - David C Hooper
- Centre for Photonics and Photonic Materials, and Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Physics , University of Bath , Bath , BA2 7AY , United Kingdom
| | - Andrew G Mark
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems , Heisenbergstraße 3 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Christian Kuppe
- Centre for Photonics and Photonic Materials, and Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Physics , University of Bath , Bath , BA2 7AY , United Kingdom
| | - Ventsislav K Valev
- Centre for Photonics and Photonic Materials, and Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Physics , University of Bath , Bath , BA2 7AY , United Kingdom
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Venkataramanababu S, Nair G, Deshpande P, A JM, Mohan S, Ghosh A. Chiro-plasmonic refractory metamaterial with titanium nitride (TiN) core-shell nanohelices. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:255203. [PMID: 29613855 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aabb4a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chiral metamaterials are obtained by assembling plasmonic elements in geometries with broken mirror symmetry, which can have promising applications pertaining to generation, manipulation and detection of optical polarisation. The materials used to fabricate this promising nanosystem, especially in the visible-NIR regime, are limited to noble metals such as Au and Ag. However, they are not stable at elevated temperatures and in addition, incompatible with CMOS technologies. We demonstrate that it is possible to develop a chiro-plasmonic system based on a refractory material such as titanium nitride (TiN) which does not have these disadvantages. The building block of our metamaterial is a novel core-shell helix, obtained by coating TiN over silica nanohelices. These were arranged in a regular two-dimensional array over cm-scale areas, made possible by the use of scalable fabrication techniques such as laser interference lithography, glancing angle deposition and DC magnetron sputtering. The measured chiro-optical response was extremely broadband (<500 nm to >1400 nm), and had contributions from individual, as well as collective plasmon modes of the interacting nanohelices, whose spectral characteristics could be easily controlled by varying the direction of the incident radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sruthi Venkataramanababu
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India. Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, India
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50
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Vázquez-Guardado A, Chanda D. Superchiral Light Generation on Degenerate Achiral Surfaces. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:137601. [PMID: 29694216 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.137601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel route of superchiral near-field generation is demonstrated based on geometrically achiral systems supporting degenerate and spatially superimposed plasmonic modes. Such systems generate a single-handed chiral near field with simultaneous zero far-field circular dichroism. The phenomenon is theoretically elucidated with a rotating dipole model, which predicts a uniform single-handed chiral near field that flips handedness solely by reversing the handedness of the source. This property allows detection of pure background free molecular chirality through near-field light-matter interaction, which is experimentally demonstrated in the precise identification of both handedness of a chiral molecule on a single substrate with about four orders of magnitude enhancement in detection sensitivity compared to its conventional volumetric counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Vázquez-Guardado
- CREOL, College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, USA
| | - Debashis Chanda
- CREOL, College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32826, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
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