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Fei M, Zhang Q, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Wang L, Zhao Y, Zhang Z. Characterization workflow for fragments detected in capillary electrophoresis sodium dodecyl sulfate analysis of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. Electrophoresis 2024. [PMID: 38458992 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Product-related fragments in monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can have a significant impact on the efficacy and safety of the product. Capillary electrophoresis sodium dodecyl sulfate (CE-SDS) is a commonly used method for fragment quantification, but it has challenges in peak identification due to the inability to enrich components and the incompatibility of SDS with mass spectrometry (MS). This article presents a workflow for identifying peaks in CE-SDS analysis. The workflow involves comparing the migration time of peaks with that of standards and utilizing MS analysis to identify fragments. By employing this innovative systematic workflow, we successfully identified the CE-SDS impurity peaks of seven antibody products. Among them, four products exhibited characteristic fragments associated with disulfide bonds (light chain [LC], heavy-light [HL] chain, heavy-heavy [HH] chain, and HH-LC) and a glycosylation-related fragment non-glycosylated heavy chain. Additionally, one product showed a fragment formed by the connection of HC_C130 and HC_C130 , which is associated with a thioether bond. Furthermore, two other products displayed amino acid backbone breakage, with one product showing clipping at the HC region of A233 -G285 and the other product showing clipping at the HC regions of A97 -S158 and N342 -T366 . This workflow can be applied in early drug research, process development, or during the biologics license application stage to characterize fragments in therapeutic mAbs analyzed by CE-SDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdan Fei
- Analytical Science and Development, Shanghai Henlius Biologics Co., Ltd., Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Analytical Science and Development, Shanghai Henlius Biologics Co., Ltd., Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Analytical Science and Development, Shanghai Henlius Biologics Co., Ltd., Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yueze Zhang
- Analytical Science and Development, Shanghai Henlius Biologics Co., Ltd., Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Lingyu Wang
- Analytical Science and Development, Shanghai Henlius Biologics Co., Ltd., Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yiman Zhao
- Analytical Science and Development, Shanghai Henlius Biologics Co., Ltd., Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhongli Zhang
- Analytical Science and Development, Shanghai Henlius Biologics Co., Ltd., Shanghai, P. R. China
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2
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Wang JR, Chen HX, Liu HQ, Yu R, Jia Z, Zhang Y, Li J. Analysis of full and empty ratio of EV71 virus by using capillary zone electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2024; 45:327-332. [PMID: 38010589 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Hand, foot, and mouth disease is a serious public health problem, and the main pathogen is enterovirus 71 (EV71). Its capsid assembly mechanism including capsid protein processing has been widely studied. Full and empty capsids have different immunological efficacy. Therefore, tracking full/empty capsid ratio throughout the EV71 production process is important to ensure consistent product quality and proper dosing response. The analysis of full/empty capsid ratio of intact virus has been widely reported as well. A variety of techniques have been employed to evaluate the full/empty capsid ratios. However, there has not been a rapid, reproducible, and robust assay to determine the full/empty capsid ratios of final and in-process products. In this study, a novel assay based on capillary zone electrophoresis was established. The separation of full and empty species could be achieved within 10 min and the ratio of peak areas was used to calculate the full/empty capsid ratio directly. The results showed good reproducibility and linearity for the determination of full/empty capsid ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Run Yu
- Sinovac Biotech Ltd., Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zeng Jia
- Beijing BioCEart Technology Institute, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Sinovac Biotech Ltd., Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Sinovac Biotech Ltd., Beijing, P. R. China
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3
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Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Capillary Gel Electrophoresis with Native Fluorescence Detection for Analysis of Therapeutic Proteins. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 213:114689. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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4
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Li M, Yu C, Wang W, Wu G, Wang L. Interlaboratory method validation of capillary electrophoresis sodium dodecyl sulfate (CE-SDS) methodology for analysis of mAbs. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:1900-1913. [PMID: 34240427 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis sodium dodecyl sulfate (CE-SDS) is an analytical method to assess the purity of proteins, commonly applied to monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in the biopharmaceutical industry. To address the need to standardize the CE-SDS method in the pharmaceutical industry and to enhance the confidence in method transfer between laboratories operating different commercial capillary electrophoresis (CE) instrument platforms, an interlaboratory CE-SDS method validation was organized involving 13 laboratories in 13 companies on four different types of commercial capillary electrophoresis instruments. In the validation, a commercial mAb therapeutic was used as the sample. The validation process followed the analytical guidelines set by the ICH guidelines (International Conference for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use). The method's precision, accuracy, linearity and range, and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were validated in the study. Variations of all the parameters validated in the study passed the pre-set criteria defined at the beginning of the study. The definition was based on previously published works and the intended application purpose of the CE-SDS method for mAbs. The study proved that the CE-SDS method fits its intended application purpose as a size impurity assay and size heterogeneity characterization assay for mAb therapeutic products. This study is the first time a CE-SDS method is validated by multiple laboratories using different commercial CE instrument platforms and on a commercial mAb therapeutic. Its results will enhance the confidence of the biopharmaceutical industry to develop CE-SDS methods and transfer CE-SDS methods between different laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chuanfei Yu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Gang Wu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lan Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, P. R. China
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5
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Wiesner R, Scheller C, Krebs F, Wätzig H, Oltmann-Norden I. A comparative study of CE-SDS, SDS-PAGE, and Simple Western: Influences of sample preparation on molecular weight determination of proteins. Electrophoresis 2020; 42:206-218. [PMID: 33185281 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The development of capillary electrophoresis, especially CE-SDS devices, has led CE-SDS to become an established tool in a wide range of applications in the analysis of biopharmaceuticals and is increasingly replacing its method of origin, SDS-PAGE. The goal of this study was to evaluate the comparability of molecular weight (MW) determination especially by CE-SDS and SDS-PAGE. For ensuring comparability, model proteins that have little or no posttranslational modifications and an IgG antibody were used. Only a minor influence of sample preparation conditions, including sample buffer, temperature conditions, and different reducing agents on the MW determination were found. In contrast, the selection of the MW marker plays a decisive role in determining the accurate apparent MW of a protein. When using different MW markers, the deviation in MW determination can exceed 10%. Interestingly, CE-SDS and 10% SDS-PAGE hardly differ in their trueness of MW determination. The trueness in relation to the reference MW for each protein was calculated. Although the trueness values for the model proteins considered range between 1.00 and 1.11 using CE-SDS, they range between 0.93 and 1.03 on SDS-PAGE, depending on the experimental conditions chosen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Wiesner
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christin Scheller
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Finja Krebs
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hermann Wätzig
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Imke Oltmann-Norden
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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6
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Zhang L, Fei M, Tian Y, Li S, Zhu X, Wang L, Xu Y, Xie MH. Characterization and elimination of artificial non-covalent light Chain dimers in reduced CE-SDS analysis of pertuzumab. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 190:113527. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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7
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Wagner E, Colas O, Chenu S, Goyon A, Murisier A, Cianferani S, François Y, Fekete S, Guillarme D, D’Atri V, Beck A. Determination of size variants by CE-SDS for approved therapeutic antibodies: Key implications of subclasses and light chain specificities. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 184:113166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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8
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Sänger–van de Griend CE. CE‐SDS method development, validation, and best practice—An overview. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:2361-2374. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cari E. Sänger–van de Griend
- Kantisto BV Baarn The Netherlands
- Faculty of PharmacyDepartment of Medicinal ChemistryUppsala University Uppsala Sweden
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9
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Kahle J, Zagst H, Wiesner R, Wätzig H. Comparative charge-based separation study with various capillary electrophoresis (CE) modes and cation exchange chromatography (CEX) for the analysis of monoclonal antibodies. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 174:460-470. [PMID: 31228849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Charge heterogeneity is an important critical quality attribute for the analysis of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). For this, (imaged) capillary isoelectric focusing ((i)cIEF), ion exchange chromatography (IEC) and, recently, capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) are the predominantly used techniques. In order to investigate which one is most suitable to answer a specific analytical question, here, the four aforementioned separation techniques were systematically evaluated using NISTmAb and Infliximab as test molecules. The performance parameters (precision, separation efficiency, linearity and sensitivity) were determined under comparable conditions. Moreover, important aspects for daily routine such as speed and ease of use were considered. Each technique has its own pros and cons. The (i)cIEF methodology is distinguished by its excellent separation efficiency. In addition, the native fluorescence mode in icIEF is a good tool to analyze small sample amounts (LOQ: 2.8 mg/l for Infliximab). Nevertheless, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) still has superior precision. CZE, and also micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC), have emerged as further interesting alternatives. For all techniques, variations connected to the sample preparation strongly influence precision. Looking at the relative standard deviation (RSD) values of the relative peak areas, all techniques provide acceptable performance (RSD: 0.6-1.6%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kahle
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Holger Zagst
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Rebecca Wiesner
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Hermann Wätzig
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Germany; PVZ: Center of Pharmaceutical Process Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Germany.
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10
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Napp A, Houbart V, Demelenne A, Merville MP, Crommen J, Dumoulin M, Garraux G, Servais AC, Fillet M. Separation and determination of alpha-synuclein monomeric and oligomeric species using two electrophoretic approaches. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:3022-3031. [PMID: 30157293 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a frequent degenerative disorder that is diagnosed based on clinical symptoms. When the first symptoms appear, more than 70% of the dopaminergic cells are already lost. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to have reliable biomarkers to diagnose much earlier PD. In this context, alpha-synuclein (aSyn) is a protein of high interest because of its tendency to form oligomers and amyloid fibrils. The oligomeric forms seem to play a critical pathological role in PD. To date, most of studies aiming at detecting and quantifying aSyn oligomers were performed by immunoassays, mainly by ELISA using specific antibodies. In this study a capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE) coupled with fluorescence detection method was developed to detect and quantify the oligomeric forms of aSyn formed in vitro. All the results obtained were supported by SDS-PAGE analysis, a widely used and well-known technique but exhibiting a main drawback since it is not an automated technique. The repeatability and the intermediate precision of the method were evaluated, as well as the stability of the labeled and non-labeled aSyn samples. After careful screening and optimization of various labeling reagents, 4-fluoro-7-nitrobenzofurazan (NBD-F) was selected and used to establish a calibration curve with monomeric fluorescently-labeled aSyn. Finally, the method was used to study the effect of doxycycline on the oligomerization process. Altogether, our results show that CGE is a very promising automated technique to analyze aSyn monomers, as well as small oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Napp
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines, Department of Pharmacy, CIRM, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Virginie Houbart
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines, Department of Pharmacy, CIRM, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Alice Demelenne
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines, Department of Pharmacy, CIRM, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marie-Paule Merville
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, CIRM, University Hospital Center, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Jacques Crommen
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines, Department of Pharmacy, CIRM, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Mireille Dumoulin
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Protein Folding Centre for Protein Engineering (CIP), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Gaëtan Garraux
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Center, Liège, Belgium
| | - Anne-Catherine Servais
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines, Department of Pharmacy, CIRM, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marianne Fillet
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines, Department of Pharmacy, CIRM, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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11
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Wu G, Yu C, Wang W, Wang L. Interlaboratory method validation of icIEF methodology for analysis of monoclonal antibodies. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:2091-2098. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products; National Institutes for Food and Drug Control; Dongcheng District Beijing P. R. China
| | - Chuanfei Yu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products; National Institutes for Food and Drug Control; Dongcheng District Beijing P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products; National Institutes for Food and Drug Control; Dongcheng District Beijing P. R. China
| | - Lan Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products; National Institutes for Food and Drug Control; Dongcheng District Beijing P. R. China
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12
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Kahle J, Wätzig H. Determination of protein charge variants with (imaged) capillary isoelectric focusing and capillary zone electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:2492-2511. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kahle
- Technische Universität Braunschweig; Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Braunschweig Germany
| | - Hermann Wätzig
- Technische Universität Braunschweig; Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Braunschweig Germany
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13
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Beckman J, Song Y, Gu Y, Voronov S, Chennamsetty N, Krystek S, Mussa N, Li ZJ. Purity Determination by Capillary Electrophoresis Sodium Hexadecyl Sulfate (CE-SHS): A Novel Application For Therapeutic Protein Characterization. Anal Chem 2018; 90:2542-2547. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Beckman
- Biologics
Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 38 Jackson Road, Devens, Massachusetts 01434, United States
| | - Yuanli Song
- Biologics
Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 38 Jackson Road, Devens, Massachusetts 01434, United States
| | - Yan Gu
- Biologics
Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 38 Jackson Road, Devens, Massachusetts 01434, United States
| | - Sergey Voronov
- Biologics
Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 38 Jackson Road, Devens, Massachusetts 01434, United States
| | - Naresh Chennamsetty
- Biophysical
Characterization Group, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 311 Pennington
Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | - Stanley Krystek
- Drug
Discovery Research, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Route 206 and
Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Nesredin Mussa
- Biologics
Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 38 Jackson Road, Devens, Massachusetts 01434, United States
| | - Zheng Jian Li
- Biologics
Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, 38 Jackson Road, Devens, Massachusetts 01434, United States
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14
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Shala-Lawrence A, Beheshti S, Newman E, Tang M, Krylova SM, Leach M, Carpick B, Krylov SN. High-precision quantitation of a tuberculosis vaccine antigen with capillary-gel electrophoresis using an injection standard. Talanta 2017; 175:273-279. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Buiatti S, Bertoli S, Passaghe P. Influence of gluten-free adjuncts on beer colloidal stability. Eur Food Res Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-017-3010-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Kahle J, Maul KJ, Wätzig H. The next generation of capillary electrophoresis instruments: Performance of CE-SDS protein analysis. Electrophoresis 2017; 39:311-325. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kahle
- Technische Universität Braunschweig; Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Braunschweig Germany
| | - Kai Jorrit Maul
- Technische Universität Braunschweig; Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Braunschweig Germany
- PVZ: Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering; Technische Universität Braunschweig; Braunschweig Germany
| | - Hermann Wätzig
- Technische Universität Braunschweig; Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Braunschweig Germany
- PVZ: Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering; Technische Universität Braunschweig; Braunschweig Germany
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17
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Implementation of USP antibody standard for system suitability in capillary electrophoresis sodium dodecyl sulfate (CE-SDS) for release and stability methods. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 128:447-454. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Girard M, Kane A, Boucher S. Capillary Electrophoresis Method for the Assessment of Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents in Final Formulations. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1466:165-177. [PMID: 27473489 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-4014-1_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) comprises several separation modes that can be used to characterize proteins in terms of physico-chemical properties such as isoelectric point or molecular weight, or in terms of purity/heterogeneity for the presence of charge or size variants. In glycoproteins the heterogeneity occurring as a consequence of variable amounts of terminal sialic acid residues on glycan moieties can be detected by CE. As such, a capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method was found suitable for the detection of isoforms of several erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (Bietlot and Girard, J Chromatogr A 759:177-184, 1997; Boucher et al., J Pharm Biomed Anal 71:207-213, 2012). In particular, the method can be used to analyze finished products containing erythropoietin-α, erythropoietin-β, or darbepoetin-α regardless of the formulation and without the need for sample pretreatment. The major excipients encountered in the various formulations included polysorbate 80, polysorbate 20, or human serum albumin. The ability of the method to resolve isoforms of the active ingredient in finished product enables the comparison of the isoform profile with that of the corresponding drug substance, allowing the assessment of the structural integrity and content of the active ingredients in finished products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Girard
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1A 0K9.
| | - Anita Kane
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1A 0K9
| | - Sylvie Boucher
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting Driveway, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1A 0K9
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19
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Wenz C, Barbas C, López-Gonzálvez Á, Garcia A, Benavente F, Sanz-Nebot V, Blanc T, Freckleton G, Britz-McKibbin P, Shanmuganathan M, de l'Escaille F, Far J, Haselberg R, Huang S, Huhn C, Pattky M, Michels D, Mou S, Yang F, Neusuess C, Tromsdorf N, Baidoo EE, Keasling JD, Park SS. Interlaboratory study to evaluate the robustness of capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry for peptide mapping. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:3262-3270. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Wenz
- Agilent Technologies R&D and Marketing GmbH & Co. KG; Waldbronn Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tim Blanc
- Eli Lilly and Company; Bioanalytical Science; Branchburg NJ USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Johann Far
- University of Liege, Department of Chemistry; Mass Spectrometry Laboratory; Liege Belgium
| | - Rob Haselberg
- VU University Amsterdam; Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry; Amsterdam the Netherlands
- University of Tasmania; School of Chemistry; Hobart Australia
| | | | - Carolin Huhn
- University of Tuebingen; Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry; Tuebingen Germany
| | - Martin Pattky
- University of Tuebingen; Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry; Tuebingen Germany
| | - David Michels
- Genentech, Inc; Protein Analytical Chemistry Department; San Francisco CA USA
| | - Si Mou
- Genentech, Inc; Protein Analytical Chemistry Department; San Francisco CA USA
| | - Feng Yang
- Genentech, Inc; Protein Analytical Chemistry Department; San Francisco CA USA
| | | | | | - Edward E.K. Baidoo
- Joint BioEnergy Institute; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Emeryville CA USA
| | - Jay D. Keasling
- Joint BioEnergy Institute; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Emeryville CA USA
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Lew C, Gallegos-Perez JL, Fonslow B, Lies M, Guttman A. Rapid Level-3 Characterization of Therapeutic Antibodies by Capillary Electrophoresis Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. J Chromatogr Sci 2015; 53:443-9. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmu229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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21
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Deeb SE, Wätzig H, El-Hady DA, Albishri HM, de Griend CSV, Scriba GKE. Recent advances in capillary electrophoretic migration techniques for pharmaceutical analysis. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:170-89. [PMID: 24395663 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Since the introduction about 30 years ago, CE techniques have gained a significant impact in pharmaceutical analysis. The present review covers recent advances and applications of CE for the analysis of pharmaceuticals. Both small molecules and biomolecules such as proteins are considered. The applications range from the determination of drug-related substances to the analysis of counterions and the determination of physicochemical parameters. Furthermore, general considerations of CE methods in pharmaceutical analysis are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami El Deeb
- Drug Analysis and Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Al-Azhar University - Gaza, Gaza, Palestine; Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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22
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Cianciulli C, Hahne T, Wätzig H. Capillary gel electrophoresis for precise protein quantitation. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:3276-80. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Revised: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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23
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High-throughput analysis of therapeutic and diagnostic monoclonal antibodies by multicapillary SDS gel electrophoresis in conjunction with covalent fluorescent labeling. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 404:1485-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6213-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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24
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Han H, Chen X. Microchip electrophoresis-SDS methods with high-resolution and silver stain sensitivity for quality screening and quantitation of protein products. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:765-72. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Zhu Z, Lu JJ, Liu S. Protein separation by capillary gel electrophoresis: a review. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 709:21-31. [PMID: 22122927 PMCID: PMC3227876 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Revised: 10/02/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE) has been used for protein separation for more than two decades. Due to the technology advancement, current CGE methods are becoming more and more robust and reliable for protein analysis, and some of the methods have been routinely used for the analysis of protein-based pharmaceuticals and quality controls. In light of this progress, we survey 147 papers related to CGE separations of proteins and present an overview of this technology. We first introduce briefly the early development of CGE. We then review the methodology, in which we specifically describe the matrices, coatings, and detection strategies used in CGE. CGE using microfabricated channels and incorporation of CGE with two-dimensional protein separations are also discussed in this section. We finally present a few representative applications of CGE for separating proteins in real-world samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaifang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019
| | - Joann J. Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019
| | - Shaorong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019
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26
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Zalewska M, Bizoń A, Milnerowicz H. Comparison of capillary electrophoretic techniques for analysis and characterization of metallothioneins. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:3061-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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27
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Intercompany Study to Evaluate the Robustness of Capillary Isoelectric Focusing Technology for the Analysis of Monoclonal Antibodies. Chromatographia 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-011-2017-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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28
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Lacher NA, Roberts RK, He Y, Cargill H, Kearns KM, Holovics H, Ruesch MN. Development, validation, and implementation of capillary gel electrophoresis as a replacement for SDS-PAGE for purity analysis of IgG2 mAbs. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:218-27. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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29
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Kotia RB, Raghani AR. Analysis of monoclonal antibody product heterogeneity resulting from alternate cleavage sites of signal peptide. Anal Biochem 2010; 399:190-5. [PMID: 20074542 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2010.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2009] [Revised: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 01/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Signal peptides used in biosynthesis of proteins are cleaved at a very specific site by signal peptidase during posttranslational translocation of cytoplasmic proteins across the membrane. In some cases, however, there can be cleavage at nonspecific sites, giving rise to heterogeneity in the mature protein, which manifests itself as either elongation or truncation of the N terminus of the mature protein. When used as biopharmaceutical therapeutics, such heterogeneities may be a cause for concern, depending on the nature of the heterogeneity. This article describes the determination of such heterogeneity by peptide mapping in both the heavy chain and the light chain (LC) of a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell-expressed monoclonal antibody (mAb). The peptide map method described here was capable of detecting the extended N-terminal peptides at levels as low as 1% relative to the peak area of the intact N-terminal peptide. The LC of a mAb product was truncated at its N termini by two amino acid residues at approximately 3-4% levels, resulting from alternate signal peptide cleavage. This article describes the quantitation of this truncation by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) peptide mapping. Also described is analysis and characterization of LC truncation by reduced and denatured capillary electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate (CE-SDS). The truncated mAb, which was devoid of the two N-terminal amino acids, was engineered and shown to migrate as the "pre-LC" peak in reduced CE-SDS assay. The amount of the pre-LC peak recovered from the CE-SDS assay was shown to correlate with the amount of truncated peptide observed from the reduced and alkylated peptide map of the engineered mAb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi B Kotia
- Analytical and Formulation Sciences, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320, USA.
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Lacher NA, Wang Q, Roberts RK, Holovics HJ, Aykent S, Schlittler MR, Thompson MR, Demarest CW. Development of a capillary gel electrophoresis method for monitoring disulfide isomer heterogeneity in IgG2 antibodies. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:448-58. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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31
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Kamoda S, Kakehi K. Evaluation of glycosylation for quality assurance of antibody pharmaceuticals by capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:3595-604. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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5 Role of CE in drug substance and drug product development. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0149-6395(07)00005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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7 Overview of current regulatory guidance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0149-6395(07)00007-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
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Nunnally B, Park S, Patel K, Hong M, Zhang X, Wang SX, Rener B, Reed-Bogan A, Salas-Solano O, Lau W, Girard M, Carnegie H, Garcia-Cañas V, Cheng KC, Zeng M, Ruesch M, Frazier R, Jochheim C, Natarajan K, Jessop KM, Saeed M, Moffatt F, Madren S, Thiam S, Altria K. A Series of Collaborations between Various Pharmaceutical Companies and Regulatory Authorities Concerning the Analysis of Biomolecules Using Capillary Electrophoresis: Additional Instruments/Buffer. Chromatographia 2007. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-007-0437-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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