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Alice Liang FX. Optimal Diverse Biological Sample Preparation Methods for 2D and 3D Electron Microscopy Imaging. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2023; 29:92. [PMID: 37613164 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad067.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Xia Alice Liang
- The Microscopy Core Laboratory, Division of Advanced Research Technologies, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
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Dudãu M, Codrici E, Tanase C, Gherghiceanu M, Enciu AM, Hinescu ME. Caveolae as Potential Hijackable Gates in Cell Communication. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:581732. [PMID: 33195223 PMCID: PMC7652756 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.581732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Caveolae are membrane microdomains described in many cell types involved in endocytocis, transcytosis, cell signaling, mechanotransduction, and aging. They are found at the interface with the extracellular environment and are structured by caveolin and cavin proteins. Caveolae and caveolins mediate transduction of chemical messages via signaling pathways, as well as non-chemical messages, such as stretching or shear stress. Various pathogens or signals can hijack these gates, leading to infectious, oncogenic and even caveolin-related diseases named caveolinopathies. By contrast, preclinical and clinical research have fallen behind in their attempts to hijack caveolae and caveolins for therapeutic purposes. Caveolae involvement in human disease is not yet fully explored or understood and, of all their scaffold proteins, only caveolin-1 is being considered in clinical trials as a possible biomarker of disease. This review briefly summarizes current knowledge about caveolae cell signaling and raises the hypothesis whether these microdomains could serve as hijackable “gatekeepers” or “gateways” in cell communication. Furthermore, because cell signaling is one of the most dynamic domains in translating data from basic to clinical research, we pay special attention to translation of caveolae, caveolin, and cavin research into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dudãu
- Biochemistry-Proteomics Laboratory, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.,Cell Biology and Histology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Codrici
- Biochemistry-Proteomics Laboratory, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristiana Tanase
- Biochemistry-Proteomics Laboratory, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.,Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Gherghiceanu
- Biochemistry-Proteomics Laboratory, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.,Cell Biology and Histology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Enciu
- Biochemistry-Proteomics Laboratory, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.,Cell Biology and Histology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihail E Hinescu
- Biochemistry-Proteomics Laboratory, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.,Cell Biology and Histology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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Ferreira T, Kulkarni A, Bretscher C, Richter K, Ehrlich M, Marchini A. Oncolytic H-1 Parvovirus Enters Cancer Cells through Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis. Viruses 2020; 12:v12101199. [PMID: 33096814 PMCID: PMC7594094 DOI: 10.3390/v12101199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
H-1 protoparvovirus (H-1PV) is a self-propagating virus that is non-pathogenic in humans and has oncolytic and oncosuppressive activities. H-1PV is the first member of the Parvoviridae family to undergo clinical testing as an anticancer agent. Results from clinical trials in patients with glioblastoma or pancreatic carcinoma show that virus treatment is safe, well-tolerated and associated with first signs of efficacy. Characterisation of the H-1PV life cycle may help to improve its efficacy and clinical outcome. In this study, we investigated the entry route of H-1PV in cervical carcinoma HeLa and glioma NCH125 cell lines. Using electron and confocal microscopy, we detected H-1PV particles within clathrin-coated pits and vesicles, providing evidence that the virus uses clathrin-mediated endocytosis for cell entry. In agreement with these results, we found that blocking clathrin-mediated endocytosis using specific inhibitors or small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of its key regulator, AP2M1, markedly reduced H-1PV entry. By contrast, we found no evidence of viral entry through caveolae-mediated endocytosis. We also show that H-1PV entry is dependent on dynamin, while viral trafficking occurs from early to late endosomes, with acidic pH necessary for a productive infection. This is the first study that characterises the cell entry pathways of oncolytic H-1PV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Ferreira
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, German Cancer Research Centre, Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.F.); (C.B.)
| | - Amit Kulkarni
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 84 Val Fleuri, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg;
| | - Clemens Bretscher
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, German Cancer Research Centre, Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.F.); (C.B.)
| | - Karsten Richter
- Core Facility Electron Microscopy, German Cancer Research Centre, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Marcelo Ehrlich
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction and Membrane Biology, The Shumins School for Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel;
| | - Antonio Marchini
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, German Cancer Research Centre, Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.F.); (C.B.)
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 84 Val Fleuri, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg;
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +49-6221-424969 or +352-26-970-856
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Tian X, De Pace C, Ruiz-Perez L, Chen B, Su R, Zhang M, Zhang R, Zhang Q, Wang Q, Zhou H, Wu J, Zhang Z, Tian Y, Battaglia G. A Cyclometalated Iridium (III) Complex as a Microtubule Probe for Correlative Super-Resolution Fluorescence and Electron Microscopy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2003901. [PMID: 32815192 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The visualization of microtubules by combining optical and electron microscopy techniques provides valuable information to understand correlated intracellular activities. However, the lack of appropriate probes to bridge both microscopic resolutions restricts the areas and structures that can be comprehended within such highly assembled structures. Here, a versatile cyclometalated iridium (III) complex is designed that achieves synchronous fluorescence-electron microscopy correlation. The selective insertion of the probe into a microtubule triggers remarkable fluorescence enhancement and promising electron contrast. The long-life, highly photostable probe allows live-cell super-resolution imaging of tubulin localization and motion with a resolution of ≈30 nm. Furthermore, correlative light-electron microscopy and energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy reveal the well-associated optical and electron signal at a high specificity, with an interspace of ≈41 Å of microtubule monomer in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohe Tian
- School of Life Science, Anhui University, Hefei, 230000, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei, 230000, P. R. China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230000, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Cesare De Pace
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
- Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- EPSRC/JEOL Centre for Liquid Phase Electron Microscopy, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Lorena Ruiz-Perez
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
- Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- EPSRC/JEOL Centre for Liquid Phase Electron Microscopy, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Bo Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Rina Su
- School of Life Science, Anhui University, Hefei, 230000, P. R. China
| | - Mingzhu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei, 230000, P. R. China
| | - Ruilong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei, 230000, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei, 230000, P. R. China
| | - Qin Wang
- Biotechnology Centre, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Hongping Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei, 230000, P. R. China
| | - Jieying Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei, 230000, P. R. China
| | - Zhongping Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei, 230000, P. R. China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230000, P. R. China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Yupeng Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei, 230000, P. R. China
| | - Giuseppe Battaglia
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei, 230000, P. R. China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230000, P. R. China
- Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- EPSRC/JEOL Centre for Liquid Phase Electron Microscopy, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, 08007, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
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Zwettler FU, Spindler MC, Reinhard S, Klein T, Kurz A, Benavente R, Sauer M. Tracking down the molecular architecture of the synaptonemal complex by expansion microscopy. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3222. [PMID: 32591508 PMCID: PMC7320163 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The synaptonemal complex (SC) is a meiosis-specific nuclear multiprotein complex that is essential for proper synapsis, recombination and segregation of homologous chromosomes. We combined structured illumination microscopy (SIM) with different expansion microscopy (ExM) protocols including U-ExM, proExM, and magnified analysis of the proteome (MAP) to investigate the molecular organization of the SC. Comparison with structural data obtained by single-molecule localization microscopy of unexpanded SCs allowed us to investigate ultrastructure preservation of expanded SCs. For image analysis, we developed an automatic image processing software that enabled unbiased comparison of structural properties pre- and post-expansion. Here, MAP-SIM provided the best results and enabled reliable three-color super-resolution microscopy of the SCs of a whole set of chromosomes in a spermatocyte with 20-30 nm spatial resolution. Our data demonstrate that post-expansion labeling by MAP-SIM improves immunolabeling efficiency and allowed us thus to unravel previously hidden details of the molecular organization of SCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian U Zwettler
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marie-Christin Spindler
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Reinhard
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Teresa Klein
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Kurz
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ricardo Benavente
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Markus Sauer
- Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
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Wang L, Miller SE, Yuan F. Ultrastructural Analysis of Vesicular Transport in Electrotransfection. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2018; 24:553-563. [PMID: 30334512 PMCID: PMC6196718 DOI: 10.1017/s143192761801509x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence from various studies indicates that plasmid DNA (pDNA) is internalized by cells through an endocytosis-like process when it is used for electrotransfection. To provide morphological evidence of the process, we investigated ultrastructures in cells that were associated with the electrotransfected pDNA, using immunoelectron microscopy. The results demonstrate that four endocytic pathways are involved in the uptake of the pDNA, including caveolae- and clathrin-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and the clathrin-independent carrier/glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein-enriched early endosomal compartment (CLIC/GEEC) pathway. Among them, macropinocytosis is the most common pathway utilized by cells having various pDNA uptake capacities, and the CLIC/GEEC pathway is observed primarily in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Quantitatively, the endocytic pathways are more active in easy-to-transfect cells than in hard-to-transfect ones. Taken together, our data provide ultrastructural evidence showing that endocytosis plays an important role in cellular uptake and intracellular transport of electrotransfected pDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangli Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Sara E. Miller
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Fan Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
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Nano-Resolution Connectomics Using Large-Volume Electron Microscopy. Appl Microsc 2016. [DOI: 10.9729/am.2016.46.4.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Sharonov GV, Balatskaya MN, Tkachuk VA. Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins as regulators of cortical cytoskeleton. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2016; 81:636-50. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297916060110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Hernández-Hernández A, Masich S, Fukuda T, Kouznetsova A, Sandin S, Daneholt B, Höög C. The central element of the synaptonemal complex in mice is organized as a bilayered junction structure. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:2239-49. [PMID: 27103161 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.182477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The synaptonemal complex transiently stabilizes pairing interactions between homologous chromosomes during meiosis. Assembly of the synaptonemal complex is mediated through integration of opposing transverse filaments into a central element, a process that is poorly understood. We have, here, analyzed the localization of the transverse filament protein SYCP1 and the central element proteins SYCE1, SYCE2 and SYCE3 within the central region of the synaptonemal complex in mouse spermatocytes using immunoelectron microscopy. Distribution of immuno-gold particles in a lateral view of the synaptonemal complex, supported by protein interaction data, suggest that the N-terminal region of SYCP1 and SYCE3 form a joint bilayered central structure, and that SYCE1 and SYCE2 localize in between the two layers. We find that disruption of SYCE2 and TEX12 (a fourth central element protein) localization to the central element abolishes central alignment of the N-terminal region of SYCP1. Thus, our results show that all four central element proteins, in an interdependent manner, contribute to stabilization of opposing N-terminal regions of SYCP1, forming a bilayered transverse-filament-central-element junction structure that promotes synaptonemal complex formation and synapsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergej Masich
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet Berzelius väg 35, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Tomoyuki Fukuda
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet Berzelius väg 35, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Anna Kouznetsova
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet Berzelius väg 35, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Sara Sandin
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore
| | - Bertil Daneholt
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet Berzelius väg 35, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Christer Höög
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet Berzelius väg 35, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
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Iron-rich ferritin in the hypoxia-tolerant rodent Spalax ehrenbergi: a naturally-occurring biomarker confirms the internalization and pathways of intracellular macromolecules. J Struct Biol 2014; 187:254-265. [PMID: 25050761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of pits/caveolae in the plasmalemma advanced the study of macromolecule internalization. "Transcytosis" describes the transport of macromolecular cargo from one front of a polarized cell to the other within membrane-bounded carrier(s), via endocytosis, intracellular trafficking and exocytosis. Clathrin-mediated transcytosis is used extensively by epithelial cells, while caveolae-mediated transcytosis mostly occurs in endothelial cells. The internalization pathways were monitored by various markers, including radioisotopes, nanoparticles, enzymes, immunostains, and fluorophores. We describe an internalization pathway identified using a naturally-occurring biomarker, in vivo assembled ferritin, containing electron-dense iron cores. Iron, an essential trace metal for most living species and iron homeostasis, is crucial for cellular life. Ferritin is a ubiquitous and highly conserved archeoprotein whose main function is to store a reserve iron supply inside the cytoplasm in a non-toxic form. Ferritin is present in all organisms which have a metabolic requirement for iron and in even in organisms whose taxonomic rank is very low. The newborns of the blind mole, Spalax ehrenbergi, are born and live in a hypoxic environment and have significant iron overload in their liver and heart, but their iron metabolism has not been previously studied. These newborns, which are evolutionarily adapted to fluctuations in the environmental oxygen, have a unique ability to sequester transplacental iron and store it in ferritin without any signs of iron toxicity. Using the ferrihydrite cores of ferritin, we were able to monitor the ferritin internalization from portals of its entry into the cytosol of hepatocytes and cardiomyocytes and into the lysosomes.
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Peddie CJ, Collinson LM. Exploring the third dimension: Volume electron microscopy comes of age. Micron 2014; 61:9-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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