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Galvão-Silva FL, Araújo AS, Dias VS, do Nascimento AS, Joachim-Bravo IS. Responses of two Anastrepha species' immature stages infesting preferential hosts to different temperature exposures. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 53:342-350. [PMID: 38194155 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-023-01124-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) and A. obliqua (Macquart) are important pests of fruit crops. In Brazil, these species cause damage to fruit growing in the South (annual average temperature of 20.9 °C) and Northeast (average yearly temperature of 24 °C). We evaluated the effect of temperature on the viability and development time of A. fraterculus and A. obliqua immature stages in their respective preferred hosts, guava (Psidium guajava L., Myrtaceae) and mango (Mangifera indica L., Anacardiaceae). The duration of egg and pupal stages, egg to pre-pupa, and viability of egg and pupal stages under different temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 °C) were assessed. For both species, development time decreased with increasing temperature. Viability in the evaluated stages was only observed between 15 and 30 °C. However, the species responded differently to the exposure temperatures (15 and 30 °C), especially in the pupal stage and from egg to pre-pupa. Anastrepha fraterculus showed a lower tolerance to high temperatures, especially in the pupal stage and from egg to pre-pupa, which may explain its lower importance and economic impact in warmer Brazilian regions. Anastrepha obliqua had a lower tolerance at 15 °C, indicating greater adequacy for temperatures above 20 °C, characteristic of Northeast Brazil, suggesting the capacity to spread to cooler areas with rising temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandre Santos Araújo
- Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Simões Dias
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO, IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, IAEA, Vienna, Austria
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Claar DC, Faiad SM, Mastick NC, Welicky RL, Williams MA, Sasser KT, Weber JN, Wood CL. Estimating the magnitude and sensitivity of energy fluxes for stickleback hosts and Schistocephalus solidus parasites using the metabolic theory of ecology. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10755. [PMID: 38053794 PMCID: PMC10694383 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parasites are ubiquitous, yet their effects on hosts are difficult to quantify and generalize across ecosystems. One promising metric of parasitic impact uses the metabolic theory of ecology (MTE) to calculate energy flux, an estimate of energy lost to parasites. We investigated the feasibility of using metabolic scaling rules to compare the energetic burden of parasitism among individuals. Specifically, we found substantial sensitivity of energy flux estimates to input parameters used in the MTE equation when using available data from a model host-parasite system (Gasterosteus aculeatus and Schistocephalus solidus). Using literature values, size data from parasitized wild fish, and a respirometry experiment, we estimate that a single S. solidus tapeworm may extract up to 32% of its stickleback host's baseline metabolic energy requirement, and that parasites in multiple infections may collectively extract up to 46%. The amount of energy siphoned from stickleback to tapeworms is large but did not instigate an increase in respiration rate in the current study. This emphasizes the importance of future work focusing on how parasites influence ecosystem energetics. The approach of using the MTE to calculate energy flux provides great promise as a quantitative foundation for such estimates and provides a more concrete metric of parasite impact on hosts than parasite abundance alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle C. Claar
- Washington State Department of Natural ResourcesOlympiaWashingtonUSA
- School of Aquatic and Fishery SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Sara M. Faiad
- School of Aquatic and Fishery SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Natalie C. Mastick
- School of Aquatic and Fishery SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Rachel L. Welicky
- School of Aquatic and Fishery SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and ManagementNorth‐West UniversityPotchefstroomSouth Africa
- College of Arts and SciencesNeumann UniversityAstonPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Maureen A. Williams
- School of Aquatic and Fishery SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Biology DepartmentMcDaniel CollegeWestminsterMarylandUSA
| | - Kristofer T. Sasser
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Alaska AnchorageAnchorageAlaskaUSA
- Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of Wisconsin MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Jesse N. Weber
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Alaska AnchorageAnchorageAlaskaUSA
- Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of Wisconsin MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Chelsea L. Wood
- School of Aquatic and Fishery SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
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Wang D, Zhang Z, Zhang D, Huang X. Biomass allometric models for Larix rupprechtii based on Kosak's taper curve equations and nonlinear seemingly unrelated regression. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1056837. [PMID: 36699831 PMCID: PMC9868817 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1056837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The diameter at breast height (DBH) is the most important independent variable in biomass allometry models based on metabolic scaling theory (MST) or geometric theory. However, the fixed position DBH can be misleading in its use of universal scaling laws and lead to some deviation for the biomass model. Therefore, it is still an urgent scientific problem to build a high-precision biomass model system. A dataset of 114 trees was destructively sampled to obtain dry biomass components, including stems, branches, and foliage, and taper measurements to explore the applicability of biomass components to allometric scaling laws and develop a new system of additive models with the diameter in relative height (DRH) for each component of a Larch (Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr) plantation in northern China. The variable exponential taper equations were modelled using nonlinear regression. In addition, applying nonlinear regression and nonlinear seemingly unrelated regression (NSUR) enabled the development of biomass allometric models and the system of additive models with DRH for each component. The results showed that the Kozak's (II) 2004 variable exponential taper equation could accurately describe the stem shape and diameter in any height of stem. When the diameters in relative height were D0.2, D0.5, and D0.5 for branches, stems, and foliage, respectively, the allometric exponent of the stems and branches was the closest to the scaling relations predicted by the MST, and the allometric exponent of foliage was the most closely related to the scaling relations predicted by geometry theory. Compared with the nonlinear regression, the parameters of biomass components estimated by NSUR were lower, and it was close to the theoretical value and the most precise at forecasting. In the study of biomass process modelling, utilizing the DRH by a variable exponential taper equation can confirm the general biological significance more than the DBH of a fixed position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongzhi Wang
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhidong Zhang
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Dongyan Zhang
- College of Economics and Management, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xuanrui Huang
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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Caetano-Anollés K, Ewers B, Iyer S, Lucas JR, Pavlic TP, Seale AP, Zeng Y. A Minimal Framework for Describing Living Systems: A Multi-Dimensional View of Life Across Scales. Integr Comp Biol 2021; 61:2053-2065. [PMID: 34387347 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icab172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The almost limitless complexity of biology has led to two general approaches to understanding biological phenomena. One approach is dominated by reductionism in which high-level phenomena of whole systems are viewed as emerging from relatively simple and generally understood interactions at a substantially lower level. Although this approach is theoretically general, it can become intractable in practice when attempting to simultaneously explain a wide range of systems. A second approach is for specialists to investigate biological phenomena within one of many different hierarchical levels of description that are separated to decouple from concerns at other levels. Although this approach reduces the explanatory burden on specialists that operate within each level, it also reduces integration from insights gained at other levels. Thus, as beneficial as these approaches have been, they limit the scope and integration of knowledge across scales of biological organization to the detriment of a truly synoptic view of life. The challenge is to find a theoretical and experimental framework that facilitates a broader understanding of the hierarchy of life-providing permeability for the exchange of ideas among disciplinary specialists without discounting the peculiarities that have come to define those disciplines. For this purpose, coarse-grained, scale-invariant properties and resources need to be identified that describe the characteristic features of a living system at all spatiotemporal scales. The approach will be aided by a common vernacular that underscores the realities of biological connections across a wide range of scales. Therefore, in this vision paper, we propose a conceptual approach based on four identified resources-energy, conductance, storage, and information (ECSI)-to reintegrate biological studies with the aim of unifying life sciences under resource limitations. We argue that no functional description of a living system is complete without accounting for at least all four of these resources. Thus, making these resources explicit will help to identify commonalities to aid in transdisciplinary discourse as well as opportunities for integrating among the differently scoped areas of specialized inquiry. The proposed conceptual framework for living systems should be valid across all scales and may uncover potential limitations of existing hypotheses and help researchers develop new hypotheses addressing fundamental processes of life without having to resort to reductionism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brent Ewers
- Department of Botany and Program in Ecology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA
| | - Shilpa Iyer
- Department of Biological Sciences, J. William Fulbright College of Arts and Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA
| | - Jeffrey R Lucas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette IN 47907 USA
| | - Theodore P Pavlic
- School of Computing, Informatics, and Decision Systems Engineering / School of Sustainability / School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Andre P Seale
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 1955 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Yu Zeng
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866 USA
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Mordecai EA, Caldwell JM, Grossman MK, Lippi CA, Johnson LR, Neira M, Rohr JR, Ryan SJ, Savage V, Shocket MS, Sippy R, Stewart Ibarra AM, Thomas MB, Villena O. Thermal biology of mosquito-borne disease. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:1690-1708. [PMID: 31286630 PMCID: PMC6744319 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mosquito-borne diseases cause a major burden of disease worldwide. The vital rates of these ectothermic vectors and parasites respond strongly and nonlinearly to temperature and therefore to climate change. Here, we review how trait-based approaches can synthesise and mechanistically predict the temperature dependence of transmission across vectors, pathogens, and environments. We present 11 pathogens transmitted by 15 different mosquito species - including globally important diseases like malaria, dengue, and Zika - synthesised from previously published studies. Transmission varied strongly and unimodally with temperature, peaking at 23-29ºC and declining to zero below 9-23ºC and above 32-38ºC. Different traits restricted transmission at low versus high temperatures, and temperature effects on transmission varied by both mosquito and parasite species. Temperate pathogens exhibit broader thermal ranges and cooler thermal minima and optima than tropical pathogens. Among tropical pathogens, malaria and Ross River virus had lower thermal optima (25-26ºC) while dengue and Zika viruses had the highest (29ºC) thermal optima. We expect warming to increase transmission below thermal optima but decrease transmission above optima. Key directions for future work include linking mechanistic models to field transmission, combining temperature effects with control measures, incorporating trait variation and temperature variation, and investigating climate adaptation and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin A. Mordecai
- Department of BiologyStanford University371 Serra MallStanfordCAUSA
| | | | - Marissa K. Grossman
- Department of Entomology and Center for Infectious Disease DynamicsPenn State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA
| | - Catherine A. Lippi
- Department of Geography and Emerging Pathogens InstituteUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - Leah R. Johnson
- Department of StatisticsVirginia Polytechnic and State University250 Drillfield DriveBlacksburgVAUSA
| | - Marco Neira
- Center for Research on Health in Latin America (CISeAL)Pontificia Universidad Católica del EcuadorQuitoEcuador
| | - Jason R. Rohr
- Department of Biological SciencesEck Institute of Global HealthEnvironmental Change InitiativeUniversity of Notre Dame, Notre DameINUSA
| | - Sadie J. Ryan
- Department of Geography and Emerging Pathogens InstituteUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalDurbanSouth Africa
| | - Van Savage
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Department of BiomathematicsUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
- Santa Fe Institute1399 Hyde Park RdSanta FeNM87501USA
| | - Marta S. Shocket
- Department of BiologyStanford University371 Serra MallStanfordCAUSA
| | - Rachel Sippy
- Department of Geography and Emerging Pathogens InstituteUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
- Institute for Global Health and Translational SciencesSUNY Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseNY13210USA
| | - Anna M. Stewart Ibarra
- Institute for Global Health and Translational SciencesSUNY Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseNY13210USA
| | - Matthew B. Thomas
- Department of Entomology and Center for Infectious Disease DynamicsPenn State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA
| | - Oswaldo Villena
- Department of StatisticsVirginia Polytechnic and State University250 Drillfield DriveBlacksburgVAUSA
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Thakur MP, van der Putten WH, Cobben MMP, van Kleunen M, Geisen S. Microbial invasions in terrestrial ecosystems. Nat Rev Microbiol 2019; 17:621-631. [DOI: 10.1038/s41579-019-0236-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Downs CJ, Schoenle LA, Han BA, Harrison JF, Martin LB. Scaling of Host Competence. Trends Parasitol 2019; 35:182-192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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