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Carr JA, Harris BN. Resiliency of the comparative endocrinology community in the face of COVID-19. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2024; 346:114376. [PMID: 37717790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James A Carr
- Texas Tech University, Department of Biological Science, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Breanna N Harris
- Texas Tech University, Department of Biological Science, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
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Harris BN, Bauer CM, Carr JA, Gabor CR, Grindstaff JL, Guoynes C, Heppner JJ, Ledon-Rettig CC, Lopes PC, Lynn SE, Madelaire CB, Neuman-Lee LA, Palacios MG, Soto P, Terry J. COVID-19 as a chronic stressor and the importance of individual identity: A data-driven look at academic productivity during the pandemic. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2024; 345:114394. [PMID: 37871848 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic impacted personal and professional life. For academics, research, teaching, and service tasks were upended and we all had to navigate the altered landscape. However, some individuals faced a disproportionate burden, particularly academics with minoritized identities or those who were early career, were caregivers, or had intersecting identities. As comparative endocrinologists, we determine how aspects of individual and species-level variation influence response to, recovery from, and resilience in the face of stressors. Here, we flip that framework and apply an integrative biological lens to the impact of the COVID-19 chronic stressor on our endocrine community. We address how the pandemic altered impact factors of academia (e.g., scholarly products) and relatedly, how factors of impact (e.g., sex, gender, race, career stage, caregiver status, etc.) altered the way in which individuals could respond. We predict the pandemic will have long-term impacts on the population dynamics, composition, and landscape of our academic ecosystem. Impact factors of research, namely journal submissions, were altered by COVID-19, and women authors saw a big dip. We discuss this broadly and then report General and Comparative Endocrinology (GCE) manuscript submission and acceptance status by gender and geographic region from 2019 to 2023. We also summarize how the pandemic impacted individuals with different axes of identity, how academic institutions have responded, compile proposed solutions, and conclude with a discussion on what we can all do to (re)build the academy in an equitable way. At GCE, the first author positions had gender parity, but men outnumbered women at the corresponding author position. Region of manuscript origin mattered for submission and acceptance rates, and women authors from Asia and the Middle East were the most heavily impacted by the pandemic. The number of manuscripts submitted dropped after year 1 of the pandemic and has not yet recovered. Thus, COVID-19 was a chronic stressor for the GCE community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanna N Harris
- Texas Tech University, Department of Biological Science, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
| | - Carolyn M Bauer
- Swarthmore College, Department of Biology, Swarthmore, PA 19081 USA
| | - James A Carr
- Texas Tech University, Department of Biological Science, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | | | - Jennifer L Grindstaff
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Integrative Biology, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | | | | | - Cris C Ledon-Rettig
- Indiana University Bloomington, Department of Biology, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Patricia C Lopes
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866, USA
| | - Sharon E Lynn
- The College of Wooster, Department of Biology, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Carla B Madelaire
- Beckman Center for Conservation Research, San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, Escondido, CA 92025, USA
| | | | - Maria G Palacios
- Centro Para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos, CCT CONICET-CENPAT, Blvd. Brown 2915, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Paul Soto
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Jennifer Terry
- Arkansas State University, State University, AR 72467, USA
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Cadwallader L, Pariente N. Supporting open science at PLOS Biology. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002516. [PMID: 38285734 PMCID: PMC10852302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Open science is key to PLOS Biology's mission, both in its daily operations and in the role we aspire to have in the scholarly ecosystem. Here, we reflect on open science at the journal and discuss how and why we shall continue to hold it central to everything we do.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Cadwallader
- Public Library of Science, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Public Library of Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nonia Pariente
- Public Library of Science, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Public Library of Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Sela‐Vasiliu S, Miehl C, Huygelier H, Oren‐Suissa M, Gjorgjieva J, Gillebert CR. FENS-Kavli Network of Excellence: Mentorship during the COVID-19 pandemic: Perspectives, challenges and opportunities. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 58:4429-4437. [PMID: 35980818 PMCID: PMC9538951 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christoph Miehl
- Computation in Neural Circuits GroupMax Planck Institute for Brain ResearchFrankfurtGermany
- School of Life SciencesTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Hanne Huygelier
- Department of Brain and CognitionLeuven Brain InstituteLeuvenBelgium
- Experimental PsychologyUniversity of UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | | | - Julijana Gjorgjieva
- Computation in Neural Circuits GroupMax Planck Institute for Brain ResearchFrankfurtGermany
- School of Life SciencesTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Celine R. Gillebert
- Department of Brain and CognitionLeuven Brain InstituteLeuvenBelgium
- Centre for Translational Psychological Research (TRACE)Hospital East‐LimbourgGenkBelgium
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Rowland FE, Prats KA, Alshwairikh YA, Burak MK, Fanton AC, Duguid MC. Overemphasis on publications may disadvantage historically excluded groups in STEM before and during COVID-19: A North American survey-based study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291124. [PMID: 37756261 PMCID: PMC10529568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Publishing is a strong determinant of academic success and there is compelling evidence that identity may influence the academic writing experience and writing output. However, studies rarely quantitatively assess the effects of major life upheavals on trainee writing. The COVID-19 pandemic introduced unprecedented life disruptions that may have disproportionately impacted different demographics of trainees. We analyzed anonymous survey responses from 342 North American environmental biology graduate students and postdoctoral scholars (hereafter trainees) about scientific writing experiences to assess: (1) how identity interacts with scholarly publication totals and (2) how the COVID-19 pandemic influenced trainee perceptions of scholarly writing productivity and whether there were differences among identities. Interestingly, identity had a strong influence on publication totals, but it differed by career stage with graduate students and postdoctoral scholars often having opposite results. We found that trainees identifying as female and those with chronic health conditions or disabilities lag in publication output at some point during training. Additionally, although trainees felt they had more time during the pandemic to write, they reported less productivity and motivation. Trainees who identified as female; Black, Indigenous, or as a Person of Color [BIPOC]; and as first-generation college graduates were much more likely to indicate that the pandemic affected their writing. Disparities in the pandemic's impact on writing were most pronounced for BIPOC respondents; a striking 85% of BIPOC trainees reported that the pandemic affected their writing habits, and overwhelmingly felt unproductive and unmotivated to write. Our results suggest that the disproportionate impact of the pandemic on writing output may only heighten the negative effects commonly reported amongst historically excluded trainees. Based on our findings, we encourage the academy to consider how an overemphasis on publication output during hiring may affect historically excluded groups in STEM-especially in a post-COVID-19 era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freya E. Rowland
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Kyra A. Prats
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Yara A. Alshwairikh
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Mary K. Burak
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Ana Clara Fanton
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Marlyse C. Duguid
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
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Sebastián-González E, Graciá E, Morán-Ordóñez A, Pérez-Ibarra I, Sanz-Aguilar A, Sobral M. Ten simple rules for a mom-friendly Academia. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011284. [PMID: 37561706 PMCID: PMC10414686 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Women (and all gender-discriminated people) are underrepresented in science, especially in leadership positions and higher stages of the scientific career. One of the main causes of career abandonment by women is maternity, with many women leaving Academia after having their first child because of the career penalties associated with motherhood. Thus, more actions to help scientific moms to balance family and academic work are urgently needed to increase representation of women and other gender discriminated people in Academia. Besides mothers, these rules may also benefit other groups such as mothers-to-be, fathers, caregivers, and women in general. Increasing women representation in science, including mothers, is critical because equality is a fundamental right, and because more diverse working environments are more productive and get to more optimal solutions. Here, we describe 10 simple rules that can be adopted in Academia to halt the abandonment of scientific careers by women after motherhood. We strongly encourage their implementation to increase gender diversity and equality in science.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Graciá
- Department of Applied Biology, Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Spain
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO-UMH), Miguel Hernández University, Orihuela, Spain
| | | | - Irene Pérez-Ibarra
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and the Environment, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- AgriFood Institute of Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana Sanz-Aguilar
- Animal Demography and Ecology Unit, IMEDEA CSIC-UIB, Esporles, Spain
- Department of Biology, University of Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - Mar Sobral
- Facultade de Bioloxía, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Rose-Clarke K. Gender (in)equity in global mental health research: A call to action. Transcult Psychiatry 2023; 60:400-411. [PMID: 37427441 PMCID: PMC10566205 DOI: 10.1177/13634615231180376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
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Guyotte KW, Melchior S, Coogler CH, Shelton SA. List-keepers and other carrier bag stories: Academic mothers' (in)visible labor during the COVID-19 pandemic. WOMENS STUDIES INTERNATIONAL FORUM 2023; 98:102755. [PMID: 37214194 PMCID: PMC10187993 DOI: 10.1016/j.wsif.2023.102755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Beginning in 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted familiar rhythms of work and life when academic women from the United States sheltered-in-place in their homes. The pandemic brought forth challenges which accentuated that caregiving with little or no support disproportionately affected mothers' abilities to navigate their new lives inside the home, where work and caregiving abruptly collided. This article takes on the (in)visible labor of academic mothers during this time-the labor mothers saw and viscerally experienced, yet that which was often unseen/unexperienced by others. Using Ursula K. Le Guin's Carrier Bag Theory as a conceptual framework, the authors engage with interviews of 54 academic mothers through a feminist-narrative lens. They craft stories of carrying (in)visible labor, isolation, simultaneity, and list-keeping as they navigate the mundaneness of everyday pandemic home/work/life. Through unrelenting responsibilities and expectations, they each find ways to carry it all, as they carry on.
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Muir AM, Bernhardt JR, Boucher NW, Cvitanovic C, Dettmers JM, Gaden M, Hinderer JLM, Locke B, Robinson KF, Siefkes MJ, Young N, Cooke SJ. Confronting a post-pandemic new-normal-threats and opportunities to trust-based relationships in natural resource science and management. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 330:117140. [PMID: 36603252 PMCID: PMC9809200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Natural resource governance is inherently complex owing to the socio-ecological systems in which it is embedded. Working arrangements have been fundamentally transformed throughout the COVID-19 pandemic with potential negative impacts on trust-based social networks foundational to resource management and transboundary governance. To inform development of a post-pandemic new-normal in resource management, we examined trust relationships using the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America as a case study. 82.9% (n = 97/117) of Great Lakes fishery managers and scientists surveyed indicated that virtual engagement was effective for maintaining well-established relationships during the pandemic; however, 76.7% (n = 89/116) of respondents indicated in-person engagement to be more effective than virtual engagement for building and maintaining trust. Despite some shortcomings, virtual or remote engagement presents opportunities, such as: (1) care and nurturing of well-established long-term relationships; (2) short-term (1-3 years) trust maintenance; (3) peer-peer or mentor-mentee coordination; (4) supplemental communications; (5) producer-push knowledge dissemination; and, if done thoughtfully, (6) enhancing diversity, equity, and inclusion. Without change, pre-pandemic trust-based relationships foundational to cooperative, multinational, resource management are under threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Muir
- Great Lakes Fishery Commission, 2200 Commonwealth Blvd., Suite 100, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
| | - J R Bernhardt
- Centre for Ecosystem Management, University of Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada; Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - N W Boucher
- Great Lakes Fishery Commission, 2200 Commonwealth Blvd., Suite 100, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - C Cvitanovic
- School of Business, University of New South Wales, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia; Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Australia
| | - J M Dettmers
- Great Lakes Fishery Commission, 2200 Commonwealth Blvd., Suite 100, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - M Gaden
- Great Lakes Fishery Commission, 2200 Commonwealth Blvd., Suite 100, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - J L M Hinderer
- Great Lakes Fishery Commission, 2200 Commonwealth Blvd., Suite 100, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - B Locke
- Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Wheatley, Ontario, N0P 1A0, Canada
| | - K F Robinson
- Quantitative Fisheries Center, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA; U.S. Geological Survey, Georgia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - M J Siefkes
- Great Lakes Fishery Commission, 2200 Commonwealth Blvd., Suite 100, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - N Young
- School of Sociological and Anthropological Studies, University of Ottawa, 120 University Private, Ottawa, Canada
| | - S J Cooke
- Canadian Centre for Evidence-Based Conservation, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, K1S 5B6, Canada
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Forrester N. Pandemic productivity loss: how scientific institutions should support academic mothers. Nature 2023; 615:955-957. [PMID: 36977920 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-00888-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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Hall DA, Cahill C, Meyer ACL, Peltier A, Dy-Hollins M, Goldman M. Gender Disparities in the Career of Neurology Researchers. Neurology 2023; 100:e454-e464. [PMID: 36270897 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000200773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To assess gender disparities in neurology researcher careers in the United States. METHODS A 34-question survey was distributed to 4,644 US-based American Academy of Neurology members who self-identified as researchers in 2020 addressing the following domains: research and funding, scholarly activities, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) effect, and local institutional climate. RESULTS A total of 700 (15%) individuals completed the survey (women, n = 231; men, n = 426), with 71% White and >80% conducting research. Women respondents were significantly younger than men, more likely to be assistant professors (32% vs 21%), and less likely to be full professors (18% vs 39%). Compared with men, women received equivalent grants and research support and had comparable or additional formal research training and mentorship. Women had less middle author publications (mean 5.8 [SD 9.2] vs mean 8.2 [SD 11.8], p = 0.03) compared with men but similar first or last author publications (mean 4.3[5.4] vs 6.1 [9.8], p = 0.05). A lower proportion of women presented research at grand rounds or at a national/international conference compared with men (58% vs 69%, p = 0.01). Women spent more time in nonprofessional responsibilities, were less satisfied with their work-life balance, and were less likely to agree with statements addressing equity/diversity and institutional climate. Respondents shared their concerns regarding how the pandemic was affecting neurology research careers, with a higher proportion of women reporting that family responsibilities affected research activities and lead to delayed submission of non-COVID-19-related manuscripts. DISCUSSION Our survey of US-based neurology researchers demonstrated continued gender-based disparities in academic rank, manuscript authorship, and invited speaking engagements, although funding opportunities and access to additional training were equivalent. Women were less likely than men to agree that neurology departments support diversity and equity and that the institutional climate was inclusive and transparent. The pandemic had affected both genders in research, but areas were different for women related to family responsibilities. This article also highlights additional areas of research and areas for intervention to improve and reduce gender disparities among neurology researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A Hall
- From the Department of Neurological Sciences (D.A.H.), Rush University, Chicago, IL; Member Insights Department (C.C.), American Academy of Neurology, Minneapolis, MN; U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command (A.-C.L.M.), Fort Detrick, MD; Department of Neurology (A.-C.L.M.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology and Medicine (A.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Neurology (M.D.-H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; and Department of Neurology (M.G.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond.
| | - Carolyn Cahill
- From the Department of Neurological Sciences (D.A.H.), Rush University, Chicago, IL; Member Insights Department (C.C.), American Academy of Neurology, Minneapolis, MN; U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command (A.-C.L.M.), Fort Detrick, MD; Department of Neurology (A.-C.L.M.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology and Medicine (A.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Neurology (M.D.-H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; and Department of Neurology (M.G.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
| | - Ana-Claire L Meyer
- From the Department of Neurological Sciences (D.A.H.), Rush University, Chicago, IL; Member Insights Department (C.C.), American Academy of Neurology, Minneapolis, MN; U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command (A.-C.L.M.), Fort Detrick, MD; Department of Neurology (A.-C.L.M.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology and Medicine (A.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Neurology (M.D.-H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; and Department of Neurology (M.G.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
| | - Amanda Peltier
- From the Department of Neurological Sciences (D.A.H.), Rush University, Chicago, IL; Member Insights Department (C.C.), American Academy of Neurology, Minneapolis, MN; U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command (A.-C.L.M.), Fort Detrick, MD; Department of Neurology (A.-C.L.M.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology and Medicine (A.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Neurology (M.D.-H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; and Department of Neurology (M.G.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
| | - Marisela Dy-Hollins
- From the Department of Neurological Sciences (D.A.H.), Rush University, Chicago, IL; Member Insights Department (C.C.), American Academy of Neurology, Minneapolis, MN; U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command (A.-C.L.M.), Fort Detrick, MD; Department of Neurology (A.-C.L.M.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology and Medicine (A.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Neurology (M.D.-H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; and Department of Neurology (M.G.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
| | - Myla Goldman
- From the Department of Neurological Sciences (D.A.H.), Rush University, Chicago, IL; Member Insights Department (C.C.), American Academy of Neurology, Minneapolis, MN; U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command (A.-C.L.M.), Fort Detrick, MD; Department of Neurology (A.-C.L.M.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology and Medicine (A.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Neurology (M.D.-H.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; and Department of Neurology (M.G.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
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Perrin‐Stowe TIN, Horner M, Coon JJ, Lynch LR, de Flamingh A, Alexander NB, Golebie E, Swartz TM, Bader AC, Halsey SJ. "Where do I even start?" Recommendations for faculty diversifying syllabi in ecology, evolution, and the life sciences. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9719. [PMID: 36620406 PMCID: PMC9810791 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diversifying curricula is of increasing interest in higher education, including in ecology and evolution and allied fields. Yet, many educators may not know where to start. Here we provide a framework for meeting standard curriculum goals while enacting anti-racist and anti-colonial syllabi that is grounded in the development of a sustainable network of educators. In addition to highlighting this professional learning process and sharing the list of resources our group has developed, we provide suggestions to help educators highlight contributions of minoritized groups, explore multiple ways of knowing, and perform critical assessments of foundational views of life and environmental science fields. We further discuss the key classroom dynamics that affect the success of such anti-racist and anti-colonial initiatives. The retention and success of minoritized students in ecology and evolution depends on whether we address injustices in our fields. Our hope is that our fellow educators will use this paper to catalyze their own efforts to diversify their courses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melissa Horner
- Department of SociologyUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Jaime J. Coon
- Department of BiologyEarlham CollegeRichmondIndianaUSA,Department of Environmental SustainabilityEarlham CollegeRichmondIndianaUSA
| | - Lauren R. Lynch
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignChampaignIllinoisUSA
| | - Alida de Flamingh
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignChampaignIllinoisUSA
| | - Nathan B. Alexander
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignChampaignIllinoisUSA
| | - Elizabeth Golebie
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignChampaignIllinoisUSA
| | - Timothy M. Swartz
- Department of Biology, Center for BiodiversityTemple UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Alyssa C. Bader
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderColoradoUSA
| | - Samniqueka J. Halsey
- Applied Computational Ecology LabSchool of Natural ResourcesUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
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Soklaridis S, Black G, LeBlanc C, MacKinnon KR, Holroyd-Leduc J, Clement F, Schrewe B, Ross HJ, Calleja S, Stergiopoulos V, Taylor VH, Kuper A. Academic Productivity of Equity-Deserving Physician Scholars During COVID-19: A Scoping Review. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2023; 98:123-135. [PMID: 36576772 PMCID: PMC9779983 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000004971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The COVID-19 pandemic presented new barriers and exacerbated existing inequities for physician scholars. While COVID-19's impact on academic productivity among women has received attention, the pandemic may have posed additional challenges for scholars from a wider range of equity-deserving groups, including those who hold multiple equity-deserving identities. To examine this concern, the authors conducted a scoping review of the literature through an intersectionality lens. METHOD The authors searched peer-reviewed literature published March 1, 2020, to December 16, 2021, in Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, and PubMed. The authors excluded studies not written in English and/or outside of academic medicine. From included studies, they extracted data regarding descriptions of how COVID-19 impacted academic productivity of equity-deserving physician scholars, analyses on the pandemic's reported impact on productivity of physician scholars from equity-deserving groups, and strategies provided to reduce the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on academic productivity of physician scholars from equity-deserving groups. RESULTS Of 11,587 unique articles, 44 met inclusion criteria, including 15 nonempirical studies and 29 empirical studies (22 bibliometrics studies, 6 surveys, and 1 qualitative study). All included articles focused on the gendered impact of the pandemic on academic productivity. The majority of their recommendations focused on how to alleviate the burden of the pandemic on women, particularly those in the early stages of their career and/or with children, without consideration of scholars who hold multiple and intersecting identities from a wider range of equity-deserving groups. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate a lack of published literature on the pandemic's impact on physician scholars from equity-deserving groups, including a lack of consideration of physician scholars who experience multiple forms of discrimination. Well-intentioned measures by academic institutions to reduce the impact on scholars may inadvertently risk reproducing and sustaining inequities that equity-deserving scholars faced during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Soklaridis
- S. Soklaridis is a senior scientist, Department of Education, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, and associate professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5119-8473
| | - Georgia Black
- G. Black is a research analyst, Department of Education, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Education, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Constance LeBlanc
- C. LeBlanc is professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0553-3335
| | - Kinnon R. MacKinnon
- K.R. MacKinnon is assistant professor, School of Social Work, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2039-6746
| | - Jayna Holroyd-Leduc
- J. Holroyd-Leduc is professor and head, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Fiona Clement
- F. Clement is professor, Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Brett Schrewe
- B. Schrewe is clinical assistant professor, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada; ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9743-2894
| | - Heather J. Ross
- H.J. Ross is division head of cardiology, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, and professor, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4384-3027
| | - Sabine Calleja
- S. Calleja is a librarian, Department of Education, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5297-0736
| | - Vicky Stergiopoulos
- V. Stergiopoulos is a clinician scientist, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, and professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3941-9434
| | - Valerie H. Taylor
- V.H. Taylor is professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ayelet Kuper
- A. Kuper is a scientist and associate director, Wilson Centre, University Health Network/University of Toronto, and associate professor, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6399-6958
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14
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Esquivel A, Marincean S, Benore M. The effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on STEM faculty: Productivity and work-life balance. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280581. [PMID: 36706094 PMCID: PMC9882624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic impacted STEM professionals in numerous ways, affecting research, teaching, publications, patents, and work-life balance. A survey was conducted to determine the changes approximately one year into the pandemic shutdown in USA. Results indicate that the quarantine, limitations, and restrictions led to decreased work productivity and increased stress, anxiety, and family obligations. There was a significant difference between male and female faculty experience with women reporting more child-care, schoolwork assistance, and care for elderly relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Esquivel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan-Dearborn, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Dearborn, MI, United States of America
| | - Simona Marincean
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, College of Arts, Sciences and Letters, Dearborn, MI, United States of America
| | - Marilee Benore
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Michigan-Dearborn, College of Arts, Sciences and Letters, Dearborn, MI, United States of America
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15
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Lived Experiences of Mothering and Teaching during the Pandemic: A Narrative Inquiry on College Faculty Mothers in the Philippines. SOCIAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/socsci12010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
How do academic mothers navigate their embodied selves in a disembodied academic life? More particularly, how do mothers in Philippine Higher Education balance the demands of mothering and teaching during the pandemic? This qualitative study used a narrative inquiry approach involving in-depth interviews with academic mothers from various faculties and ranks at some Philippine Higher Education Institutions. This approach explored the complex and often contradictory discourses surrounding the tension between the polarizing models of the ideal caring mother and ideal academic, trying to excel in both roles during the pandemic. The research began with an overview by way of a literature review of the pre-pandemic mother academics. It then reflected on eight mother college professors who balanced their careers with childcare, some with adult care, as this pandemic amplified deeply ingrained traditional social norms that perpetuate social inequities. Finally, it concluded that the two domains—academy and family—remained inhospitable to professing mothers in the Philippines. This study proposed that care work should be valorized, work–family narratives normalized and mainstreamed, and public and educational policies that support mothering and teaching rethought.
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16
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Kruuk LEB, Brosnan SF, Neiman M. Despite COVID: showcasing new research in evolutionary biology from academic care-givers in the middle of a pandemic. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20222131. [PMID: 36475441 PMCID: PMC9727660 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.2131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Loeske E. B. Kruuk
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Sarah F. Brosnan
- Departments of Psychology and Philosophy, Neuroscience Institute, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Georgia State University, PO Box 5010, Atlanta, GA 30302-5010, USA
| | - Maurine Neiman
- Department of Biology and Department of Gender, Women's, and Sexuality Studies, Provost Faculty Fellow for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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17
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Lufler RS, McNulty MA. The glass ceiling thickens: the impact of COVID-19 on academic medicine faculty in the United States. MEDICAL EDUCATION ONLINE 2022; 27:2058314. [PMID: 35345985 PMCID: PMC8967211 DOI: 10.1080/10872981.2022.2058314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The inequities faced by women in academic Medicine before the COVID-19 pandemic are well established. However, there is little formal data regarding exactly how the pandemic has affected faculty. This cross-sectional study investigated the impact of the pandemic on responsibilities at home, work, and mental health according to gender identification, faculty rank, and faculty appointment. In February 2021, an online questionnaire was broadly distributed to academic medicine faculty. Respondents were asked to provide demographic data, answer questions about their responsibilities at home and work, mental health, and how the pandemic has influenced these. Respondents were also asked to document what their institution(s) can do to help faculty through the pandemic. Responses were analyzed via Pearson's chi-square tests and thematic analysis. Women faculty were more likely to be responsible for the care of others (70%, p = 0.014), and the impact was negative, especially for early career faculty (p = 0.019). Productivity in research, teaching, and clinical practice were negatively impacted, with women feeling this in clinical practice (p = 0.005), increased teaching load (p = 0.042), and inadequate work environment (p = 0.013). In the areas of self-care and mental health, women (p < 0.001), early career-faculty (p < 0.001), and clinical faculty (p = 0.029) were more negatively impacted. Early-career women were more likely to fear retribution. Five themes emerged, including Flexible Expectations, Support, Mental Health, Compensation, and Communication. Pre-pandemic stress and burnout were rampant, and this study demonstrates that academic medicine faculty are still suffering. It is the authors' hope that administrations can utilize these data to make informed decisions regarding policies enacted to assist populations who are most vulnerable to the effects of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S. Lufler
- Department of Medical Education, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Margaret A. McNulty
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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18
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Jebsen JM, Nicoll Baines K, Oliver RA, Jayasinghe I. Dismantling barriers faced by women in STEM. Nat Chem 2022; 14:1203-1206. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-01072-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Boness CL. Structural reforms are needed to support mothers in psychology. NATURE REVIEWS PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 1:553-554. [PMID: 36061361 PMCID: PMC9425777 DOI: 10.1038/s44159-022-00106-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Vila-Concejo A, Splinter KD, Harley MD, Lowe R, Fellowes TE, McCarroll RJ, Coco G. Creating communities and communicating science during COVID-19: From Coast2Coast to Coast2Cast. CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH 2022; 245:104794. [PMID: 35719127 PMCID: PMC9195350 DOI: 10.1016/j.csr.2022.104794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The global COVID-19 pandemic has seen extended lockdowns, isolation periods and travel restrictions across many countries around the world since early 2020. Some countries, such as Australia and New Zealand, closed their international borders in early 2020 preventing researchers travelling to other parts of the world. To facilitate the exposure of our students' work, and for them to meet international researchers, as well as foster a sense of coastal community, we started a zoominar series (seminars via Zoom) in April 2020. The Coast2Coast zoominar series had therefore humble origins but we soon discovered that there was an appetite for more widely sharing science across the coastal research disciplines. The Coast2Coast zoominar grew rapidly, attracting researchers from many countries around the world who presented and attended fortnightly online seminars. In just one year and a half we had 38 presentations with roughly 1900 attendees, creating a sense of community and belonging for the researchers involved. In early 2021, two of the co-authors, Giovanni (GC) and Ana (AVC) decided to expand and take this sense of community further creating the Coast2Cast podcast series, where researchers are asked research and non-research questions. In only 7 months, the podcasts have attracted more than 3700 listeners. Importantly, while the main prerequisite was high-quality and impactful research, diversity and inclusion were also a priority in selecting and inviting speakers for the zoominars and guests for the podcast. Importantly, our survey results suggest that there is a place for online events similar to Coast2Coast and Coast2Cast in a pandemic-free future, and that the coastal community involved has greatly benefited from such initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Vila-Concejo
- Geocoastal Research Group, Marine Studies Institute, School of Geosciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Kristen D Splinter
- Water Research Laboratory, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2093, Australia
| | - Mitchell D Harley
- Water Research Laboratory, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2093, Australia
| | - Ryan Lowe
- UWA Oceans Institute and Oceans Graduate School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Thomas E Fellowes
- Geocoastal Research Group, Marine Studies Institute, School of Geosciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - R Jak McCarroll
- Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Giovanni Coco
- School of Environment, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, New Zealand
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21
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Caldarulo M, Olsen J, Frandell A, Islam S, Johnson TP, Feeney MK, Michalegko L, Welch EW. COVID-19 and gender inequity in science: Consistent harm over time. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271089. [PMID: 35802718 PMCID: PMC9269954 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stay-at-home-orders, online learning, and work from home policies are some of the responses governments, universities, and other institutions adopted to slow the spread of COVID-19. However, research shows these measures have increased pre-existing gender disparities in the workplace. The working conditions for women during the pandemic worsened due to increased family care responsibilities and unequal distribution of domestic labor. In the academy, working from home has resulted in reduced research time and increased teaching and family care responsibilities, with a larger proportion of that burden falling to women. We investigate the persistence of gender inequity among academic scientists resulting from university COVID-19 responses over time. We draw on two surveys administered in May 2020 and May 2021 to university-based biologists, biochemists, and civil and environmental engineers, to analyze how the pandemic response has disproportionately impacted women in academia and the endurance of those inequities. Results show significantly greater negative impacts from the pandemic on women’s research activities and work-life balance, compared to men. We conclude by discussing the implications of our results, and the need for the academy to better predict and adjust to the gender disparities its policies create.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Caldarulo
- Center for Science, Technology and Environmental Policy Studies, School of Public Affairs, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jared Olsen
- Center for Science, Technology and Environmental Policy Studies, School of Public Affairs, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Ashlee Frandell
- Center for Science, Technology and Environmental Policy Studies, School of Public Affairs, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Shaika Islam
- Center for Science, Technology and Environmental Policy Studies, School of Public Affairs, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Timothy P. Johnson
- Department of Public Administration, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Mary K. Feeney
- Center for Science, Technology and Environmental Policy Studies, School of Public Affairs, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Lesley Michalegko
- Center for Science, Technology and Environmental Policy Studies, School of Public Affairs, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Eric W. Welch
- Center for Science, Technology and Environmental Policy Studies, School of Public Affairs, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
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22
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Rahman NAAHA, Susanto H. Blessing or Curse? ADVANCES IN LOGISTICS, OPERATIONS, AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022:405-421. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-8856-7.ch022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Mothers have multiple roles. Mothers prepare food, clothe, bathe their kids, clean the house, taking care of their husbands and families. With these, it was already tiring and required proper time management. Working mothers added another responsibility. Some parents would prefer to send their kids to school at an early age. Then COVID-19 hits in 2019 and suddenly everyone is working and studying at home. Is it a blessing to have all the family at home or a curse knowing that another burden will be added to the working mother alone? This chapter investigates how working mothers feel pre and post COVID-19. Thirty-six mothers participated in questionnaires and online pool votes. Results from questionnaires and online polls concluded that most mothers are feeling depressed and stressed during COVID-19, and allowing kindergarten to re-open actually helped working mothers since the burden of educating shifted back to the teacher.
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23
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Febria CM, Kashian DR, Bertrand KRT, Dabney B, Day M, Dugdale M, Ekhator KO, Esparra-Escalera HJ, Graham R, Harshaw K, Hunt DS, Knorr S, Lewandowski K, Linn C, Lucas A, Mundle SOC, Raoufi G, Salter C, Siddiqua Z, Tyagi S, Wallen MM. Early career researchers benefit from inclusive, diverse and international collaborations: Changing how academic institutions utilize the seminar series. JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH 2022; 48:849-855. [PMID: 36591538 PMCID: PMC9789328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jglr.2022.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to make research environments more inclusive and diverse are beneficial for the next generation of Great Lakes researchers. The global COVID-19 pandemic introduced circumstances that forced graduate programs and academic institutions to re-evaluate and promptly pivot research traditions, such as weekly seminar series, which are critical training grounds and networking opportunities for early career researchers (ECRs). While several studies have established that academics with funded grants and robust networks were better able to weather the abrupt changes in research and closures of institutions, ECRs did not. In response, both existing and novel partnerships provided a resilient network to support ECRs at an essential stage of their career development. Considering these challenges, we sought to re-frame the seminar series as a virtual collaboration for ECRs. Two interdisciplinary graduate programs, located in different countries (Windsor, Canada, and Detroit, USA) invested in a year-long partnership to deliver a virtual-only seminar series that intentionally promoted: the co-creation of protocols and co-led roles, the amplification of justice, equity, diversity and inclusion throughout all aspects of organization and representation, engagement and amplification through social media, the integration of social, scientific and cultural research disciplines, all of which collectively showcased the capacity of our ECRs to lead, organize and communicate. This approach has great potential for application across different communities to learn through collaboration and sharing, and to empower the next generation to find new ways of working together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Febria
- University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4 ,Traditional Territory of the Three Fires Confederacy of First Nations
| | - Donna R Kashian
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, 5047 Gullen Mall, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Kory R T Bertrand
- University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4 ,Traditional Territory of the Three Fires Confederacy of First Nations
| | - Brittanie Dabney
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, 5047 Gullen Mall, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Matthew Day
- University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4 ,Traditional Territory of the Three Fires Confederacy of First Nations
| | - Madison Dugdale
- University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4 ,Traditional Territory of the Three Fires Confederacy of First Nations
| | - Kate O Ekhator
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Wayne State University, 5050 Anthony Wayne Drive, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | | | - Ryan Graham
- University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4 ,Traditional Territory of the Three Fires Confederacy of First Nations
| | - Keira Harshaw
- University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4 ,Traditional Territory of the Three Fires Confederacy of First Nations
| | - Darrin S Hunt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, 5047 Gullen Mall, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Savannah Knorr
- University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4 ,Traditional Territory of the Three Fires Confederacy of First Nations
| | - Katrina Lewandowski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, 5047 Gullen Mall, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Colleen Linn
- Department of Anthropology, Wayne State University, 656 West Kirby, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Allison Lucas
- Department of Communication, Wayne State University, 585 Manoogian Hall, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Scott O C Mundle
- University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4 ,Traditional Territory of the Three Fires Confederacy of First Nations
| | - Gelareh Raoufi
- Department of Education, Wayne State University, 5425 Gullen Mall, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Chelsea Salter
- University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario, Canada N9B 3P4 ,Traditional Territory of the Three Fires Confederacy of First Nations
| | - Zoha Siddiqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Ave, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Smita Tyagi
- School of the Environment, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave., Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Megan M Wallen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, 5047 Gullen Mall, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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24
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How to use Twitter at a Scientific Conference. mSphere 2022; 7:e0012122. [PMID: 35531658 PMCID: PMC9241539 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00121-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, social media platforms have been recognized as an important tool in the dissemination of science among the research community and as an interface between scientists and the general public. Publishing companies that specialize in scientific research now pay attention to alternative metrics (“altmetrics”) and provide comprehensive guides about social media management to editors. Twitter has emerged as a leader among social media platforms in the dissemination of science. This Perspective will assert the merits of using Twitter to expand the reach of scientific conferences while providing guidance on how to disseminate conference findings in real-time, called “live-tweeting,” without compromising scientific integrity.
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25
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Madsen EB, Nielsen MW, Bjørnholm J, Jagsi R, Andersen JP. Meta-Research: Individual-level researcher data confirm the widening gender gap in publishing rates during COVID-19. eLife 2022; 11:76559. [PMID: 35293860 PMCID: PMC8942470 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Publications are essential for a successful academic career, and there is evidence that the COVID-19 pandemic has amplified existing gender disparities in the publishing process. We used longitudinal publication data on 431,207 authors in four disciplines - basic medicine, biology, chemistry and clinical medicine - to quantify the differential impact of COVID-19 on the annual publishing rates of men and women. In a difference-in-differences analysis, we estimated that the average gender difference in publication productivity increased from –0.26 in 2019 to –0.35 in 2020; this corresponds to the output of women being 17% lower than the output of men in 2109, and 24% lower in 2020. An age-group comparison showed a widening gender gap for both early-career and mid-career scientists. The increasing gender gap was most pronounced among highly productive authors and in biology and clinical medicine. Our study demonstrates the importance of reinforcing institutional commitments to diversity through policies that support the inclusion and retention of women in research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Bargmann Madsen
- Danish Centre for Studies in Research and Research Policy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Josefine Bjørnholm
- Danish Centre for Studies in Research and Research Policy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Reshma Jagsi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Jens Peter Andersen
- Danish Centre for Studies in Research and Research Policy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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26
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Zabaniotou A. The COVID-19 lockdowns brought to light the challenges that women face in Mediterranean universities. GLOBAL TRANSITIONS 2022; 3:119-125. [PMID: 35156008 PMCID: PMC8825447 DOI: 10.1016/j.glt.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has caused considerable upheaval, necessitating a rethinking of higher education. Distance education has emerged as a major parallel issue that is changing the educational landscape. The lockdowns brought to light the challenges that women confront in academia. This study examines the impact of distance education on women's research activity at Mediterranean institutions, focusing on the additional constraints women faced as a result of e-learning. During the first lockdown (March to May 2020) there was a growing volume of media coverage, but fewer articles investigated how the pandemic's lockdown had affected women and men which increased fast in 2021. According to the findings, while the Mediterranean countries utilized different approaches to combat the epidemic, the impacts are surprisingly similar and must be recognized to avoid long-term consequences for women in higher education, science, and research. Lockdowns put added family responsibilities on female researchers, who were faced with more childcare and homework, resulting in less time to be part of a cohort creating new knowledge. Traditional cultural gender preconceptions were also uncovered, indicating the need for structural changes and repositioning. To meet UN SDG 4: "Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education," we must emerge from this pandemic more equal and robust to establish viable and inclusive universities that should implement policies and interventions to capitalize on female contributions to science, research, and innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Zabaniotou
- Chemical Engineering Department, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
- Réseau Méditerranéen des Ecoles d'Ingénieurs (RMEI), Ecole Centrale Marseille, Cedex, 20, France
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27
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Febria C, Donaldson C, Ives J, Keeshig K. Pluralistic approaches in research aim to advance farming and freshwater restoration in the Great Lakes basin. ADV ECOL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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28
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Miller KE, Riley J. Changed Landscape, Unchanged Norms: Work-Family Conflict and the Persistence of the Academic Mother Ideal. INNOVATIVE HIGHER EDUCATION 2022; 47:471-492. [PMID: 34848922 PMCID: PMC8614221 DOI: 10.1007/s10755-021-09586-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Extensive research suggests that ideal worker and mothering expectations have long constrained academic mothers' personal and professional choices. This article explores how academic mothers experienced their dual roles amid the unprecedented shift in the work-life landscape due to COVID-19. Content analysis of questionnaire data (n = 141) suggests that academic mothers experienced significant bidirectional work-life conflict well into the fall of 2020. Increased home demands, such as caring for young children and remote schooling, interfered with their perceived capacity to meet ideal academic norms, including a singular focus on work, productivity standards, and their ability to signal job competency and commitment. Likewise, work demands reduced their perceived ability to meet ideal mothering norms, such as providing a nurturing presence and focusing on their children's achievement. Academic fathers experienced increased demands on their time but primarily described intra-role conflict within the work domain. Despite a pandemic landscape, ideal academic and mothering norms remained persistent and unchanged. The article concludes with implications for policy and practice in higher education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karyn E. Miller
- Department of Curriculum & Instruction, Texas A&M University-Commerce, Commerce, TX USA
| | - Jacqueline Riley
- Department of Curriculum & Instruction, Texas A&M University-Commerce, Commerce, TX USA
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29
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Shah A, Lopez I, Surnar B, Sarkar S, Duthely LM, Pillai A, Salguero TT, Dhar S. Turning the Tide for Academic Women in STEM: A Postpandemic Vision for Supporting Female Scientists. ACS NANO 2021; 15:18647-18652. [PMID: 34850631 PMCID: PMC8751813 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The "leaky pipeline" of women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), which is especially acute for academic mothers, continues to be problematic as women face continuous cycles of barriers and obstacles to advancing further in their fields. The severity and prevalence of the COVID-19 pandemic both highlighted and exacerbated the unique challenges faced by female graduate students, postdocs, research staff, and principal investigators because of lockdowns, quarantines, school closures, lack of external childcare, and heightened family responsibilities, on top of professional responsibilities. This perspective provides recommendations of specific policies and practices that combat stigmas faced by women in STEM and can help them retain their careers. We discuss actions that can be taken to support women within academic institutions, journals, government/federal centers, university-level departments, and individual research groups. These recommendations are based on prior initiatives that have been successful in having a positive impact on gender equity─a central tenet of our postpandemic vision for the STEM workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Shah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Isabella Lopez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Bapurao Surnar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Shrita Sarkar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Lunthita M Duthely
- Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Asha Pillai
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Tina T Salguero
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Shanta Dhar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
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A Year Into the Pandemic: An Update on Women in Science, Technology, Engineering, Math, and Medicine (STEMM). Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021; 19:517-524. [PMID: 34847335 PMCID: PMC8996277 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.202107-875cme] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus pandemic revealed long-standing, unaddressed fissures in our systems, including dramatic gender inequities in science, technology, engineering, mathematics and medicine (STEMM) fields. Women have disproportionately carried the burden of child care and other caregiving responsibilities during the pandemic, and there are strong indications that the pandemic will likely exacerbate pre-existing disparities in the pipeline of women in STEMM and in leadership positions. Based on a literature review, our own experiences and the experiences of our colleagues, we review promising strategies that have been implemented by funding bodies, journals, professional societies, and colleges/universities as well as additional strategies that might be helpful for these entities to implement in order to move forward with policies in place that address gender inequities and rebuild our institutional systems better. At this moment in time, institutions should collect data on metrics such as recruitment, retention, tenure/promotion, funding, professional society membership, awards/honors, and scientific publishing. These data will be essential in determining the impact of policies on women in STEMM to ensure they are having the intended effect as well as what future actions might be necessary in an iterative process.
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Kitano M, Keswani S, Erdahl L, Bankhead-Kendall B, Wall A, Bilimoria K, Kim E. How to Optimize Your Research During a Pandemic - A Summary of Discussions From the Association for Academic Surgery Town Hall and Lessons Learned From 2020. J Surg Res 2021; 268:244-252. [PMID: 34391203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The year 2020 was an unprecedented year for all of us, including for the academic surgery research community. Both stay-at-home and social distancing restrictions posed challenges to our personal and professional lives. The Association for Academic Surgery held its inaugural webinar-based panel discussion titled Association for Academic Surgery Town Hall with its topic on how to optimize research during a pandemic. This article summarizes the highlights from that discussion and lessons learned from the academic surgery research community in 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mio Kitano
- Division of Surgical Oncology and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.
| | - Sundeep Keswani
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Lillian Erdahl
- Division of Surgical Oncology and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Brittany Bankhead-Kendall
- Division of Trauma, Burns, and Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Anji Wall
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Karl Bilimoria
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Eugene Kim
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had far-reaching impacts in all segments of life worldwide. While a variety of surveys have assessed the impacts of the pandemic in other fields, few studies have focused on understanding the short- and long-term impacts of the pandemic for archaeology. To assess these trends, we asked survey respondents (n = 570) if they experienced job loss and to rate the percentage of change in their economic situation, workload, teaching or research activities, and personal responsibilities. Results show alarming trends, with nearly half of those who experienced job loss being under the age of 35 and women and early career archaeologists suffering major economic losses. Impacts to workload, teaching activities, and research activities were also felt across these groups. Substantial increases in personal responsibilities (childcare, eldercare, caring for sick family members) were also identified, especially for women with children under 18 years of age. While structural inequalities have already been identified across different sectors of archaeology, the results of this survey suggest the most vulnerable populations are those most heavily affected. We recommend a variety of strategies for employers, professional organizations, funding agencies, and publishers to consider in mitigating the consequences of COVID-19, especially for women and early career scholars.
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Crooks N, Smith A, Lofton S. Building bridges and capacity for Black, Indigenous, and scholars of color in the era of COVID-19 and Black Lives Matter. Nurs Outlook 2021; 69:892-902. [PMID: 34092370 PMCID: PMC8514290 DOI: 10.1016/j.outlook.2021.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background There is a critical need to increase diversity in the nursing workforce to better address racial health disparities. Purpose To provide academic institutions with practical recommendations to foster a collaborative environment and essential resources for and in support of Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) scholars. Methods We examine the experiences of three Black nurse scholars, at a research-intensive university in an urban area during the COVID-19 pandemic and civil unrest in the United States. Findings Findings suggest barriers exist, which negatively impact workplace climate, collaboration and mentoring for BIPOC nursing scholars. Guided by a Black feminist perspective and utilizing existing literature, we recommend strategies to enhance workplace climate, to develop culturally aware collaboration, and to center mentoring as the foundation for BIPOC nurse scholar success. Discussion This article acknowledges that a crucial step in addressing health disparities is successful support of and collaboration with BIPOC nurse scholars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Crooks
- University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Nursing, Chicago, IL.
| | - Ariel Smith
- University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Nursing, Chicago, IL.
| | - Saria Lofton
- University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Nursing, Chicago, IL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Beverly
- Department of Primary Care, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, USA
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How PLOS Biology aims to foster diversity, equity and inclusion in science. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001102. [PMID: 33690631 PMCID: PMC7942977 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A diverse scientific community is not only fairer but also improves science overall by bringing a richer range of perspectives to the research enterprise. Here, we discuss steps that PLOS Biology is taking to support diversity, equity and inclusion at the journal and beyond.
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