1
|
Ridwan SM, Twillie A, Poursaeid S, Beard EK, Bener MB, Antel M, Cowan AE, Matsuda S, Inaba M. Diffusible fraction of niche BMP ligand safeguards stem-cell differentiation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1166. [PMID: 38326318 PMCID: PMC10850516 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45408-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Drosophila male germline stem cells (GSCs) reside at the tip of the testis and surround a cluster of niche cells. Decapentaplegic (Dpp) is one of the well-established ligands and has a major role in maintaining stem cells located in close proximity. However, the existence and the role of the diffusible fraction of Dpp outside of the niche have been unclear. Here, using genetically-encoded nanobodies called Morphotraps, we physically block Dpp diffusion without interfering with niche-stem cell signaling and find that a diffusible fraction of Dpp is required to ensure differentiation of GSC daughter cells, opposite of its role in maintenance of GSC in the niche. Our work provides an example in which a soluble niche ligand induces opposed cellular responses in stem cells versus in differentiating descendants to ensure spatial control of the niche. This may be a common mechanism to regulate tissue homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharif M Ridwan
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Autumn Twillie
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Samaneh Poursaeid
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Emma Kristine Beard
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Muhammed Burak Bener
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Matthew Antel
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Ann E Cowan
- Richard D. Berlin Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Shinya Matsuda
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Mayu Inaba
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Belian S, Korenkova O, Zurzolo C. Actin-based protrusions at a glance. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs261156. [PMID: 37987375 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Actin-based protrusions are at the base of many fundamental cellular processes, such as cell adhesion, migration and intercellular communication. In recent decades, the discovery of new types of actin-based protrusions with unique functions has enriched our comprehension of cellular processes. However, as the repertoire of protrusions continues to expand, the rationale behind the classification of newly identified and previously known structures becomes unclear. Although current nomenclature allows good categorization of protrusions based on their functions, it struggles to distinguish them when it comes to structure, composition or formation mechanisms. In this Cell Science at a Glance article, we discuss the different types of actin-based protrusions, focusing on filopodia, cytonemes and tunneling nanotubes, to help better distinguish and categorize them based on their structural and functional differences and similarities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sevan Belian
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3691, Membrane Traffic and Pathogenesis, F-75015 Paris, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Olga Korenkova
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3691, Membrane Traffic and Pathogenesis, F-75015 Paris, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Chiara Zurzolo
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3691, Membrane Traffic and Pathogenesis, F-75015 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Du L, Sohr A, Li Y, Roy S. GPI-anchored FGF directs cytoneme-mediated bidirectional contacts to regulate its tissue-specific dispersion. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3482. [PMID: 35710780 PMCID: PMC9203819 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30417-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
How signaling proteins generate a multitude of information to organize tissue patterns is critical to understanding morphogenesis. In Drosophila, FGF produced in wing-disc cells regulates the development of the disc-associated air-sac-primordium (ASP). Here, we show that FGF is Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored to the producing cell surface and that this modification both inhibits free FGF secretion and promotes target-specific cytoneme contacts and contact-dependent FGF release. FGF-source and ASP cells extend cytonemes that present FGF and FGFR on their surfaces and reciprocally recognize each other over distance by contacting through cell-adhesion-molecule (CAM)-like FGF-FGFR binding. Contact-mediated FGF-FGFR interactions induce bidirectional responses in ASP and source cells that, in turn, polarize FGF-sending and FGF-receiving cytonemes toward each other to reinforce signaling contacts. Subsequent un-anchoring of FGFR-bound-FGF from the source membrane dissociates cytoneme contacts and delivers FGF target-specifically to ASP cytonemes for paracrine functions. Thus, GPI-anchored FGF organizes both source and recipient cells and self-regulates its cytoneme-mediated tissue-specific dispersion. Cytonemes are signaling filopodia that mediate target-specific long-distance communications of signals like FGFs. Du et al. show that a Drosophila FGF is anchored to the FGF-producing cell surface, inhibiting free FGF secretion and activating contact-dependent bidirectional FGF-FGFR interactions, controlling target-specific cytoneme contacts and contact-dependent FGF release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Du
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Alex Sohr
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.,Division of Cell and Gene Therapy, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Yujia Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Sougata Roy
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen TA, Lin KY, Yang SM, Tseng CY, Wang YT, Lin CH, Luo L, Cai Y, Hsu HJ. Canonical Wnt Signaling Promotes Formation of Somatic Permeability Barrier for Proper Germ Cell Differentiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:877047. [PMID: 35517512 PMCID: PMC9062081 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.877047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphogen-mediated signaling is critical for proper organ development and stem cell function, and well-characterized mechanisms spatiotemporally limit the expression of ligands, receptors, and ligand-binding cell-surface glypicans. Here, we show that in the developing Drosophila ovary, canonical Wnt signaling promotes the formation of somatic escort cells (ECs) and their protrusions, which establish a physical permeability barrier to define morphogen territories for proper germ cell differentiation. The protrusions shield germ cells from Dpp and Wingless morphogens produced by the germline stem cell (GSC) niche and normally only received by GSCs. Genetic disruption of EC protrusions allows GSC progeny to also receive Dpp and Wingless, which subsequently disrupt germ cell differentiation. Our results reveal a role for canonical Wnt signaling in specifying the ovarian somatic cells necessary for germ cell differentiation. Additionally, we demonstrate the morphogen-limiting function of this physical permeability barrier, which may be a common mechanism in other organs across species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting-An Chen
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Yang Lin
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Min Yang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Chen-Yuan Tseng
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Wang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hung Lin
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lichao Luo
- Temasek Life Science Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu Cai
- Temasek Life Science Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hwei-Jan Hsu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Hwei-Jan Hsu,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Assidi M, Buhmeida A, Al-Zahrani MH, Al-Maghrabi J, Rasool M, Naseer MI, Alkhatabi H, Alrefaei AF, Zari A, Elkhatib R, Abuzenadah A, Pushparaj PN, Abu-Elmagd M. The Prognostic Value of the Developmental Gene FZD6 in Young Saudi Breast Cancer Patients: A Biomarkers Discovery and Cancer Inducers OncoScreen Approach. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:783735. [PMID: 35237656 PMCID: PMC8883113 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.783735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signalling receptors, Frizzleds (FZDs), play a pivotal role in many cellular events during embryonic development and cancer. Female breast cancer (BC) is currently the worldwide leading incident cancer type that cause 1 in 6 cancer-related death. FZD receptors expression in cancer was shown to be associated with tumour development and patient outcomes including recurrence and survival. FZD6 received little attention for its role in BC and hence we analysed its expression pattern in a Saudi BC cohort to assess its prognostic potential and unravel the impacted signalling pathway. Paraffin blocks from approximately 405 randomly selected BC patients aged between 25 and 70 years old were processed for tissue microarray using an automated tissue arrayer and then subjected to FZD6 immunohistochemistry staining using the Ventana platform. Besides, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) knowledgebase was used to decipher the upstream and downstream regulators of FZD6 in BC. TargetScan and miRabel target-prediction databases were used to identify the potential microRNA to regulate FZD6 expression in BC. Results showed that 60% of the BC samples had a low expression pattern while 40% showed a higher expression level. FZD6 expression analysis showed a significant correlation with tumour invasion (p < 0.05), and borderline significance with tumour grade (p = 0.07). FZD6 expression showed a highly significant association with the BC patients’ survival outcomes. This was mainly due to the overall patients’ cohort where tumours with FZD6 elevated expression showed higher recurrence rates (DFS, p < 0.0001, log-rank) and shorter survival times (DSS, p < 0.02, log-rank). Interestingly, the FZD6 prognostic value was more potent in younger BC patients as compared to those with late onset of the disease. TargetScan microRNA target-prediction analysis and validated by miRabel showed that FZD6 is a potential target for a considerable number of microRNAs expressed in BC. The current study demonstrates a potential prognostic role of FZD6 expression in young BC female patients and provides a better understanding of the involved molecular silencing machinery of the Wnt/FZD6 signalling. Our results should provide a better understanding of FZD6 role in BC by adding more knowledge that should help in BC prevention and theranostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mourad Assidi
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelbaset Buhmeida
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryam H. Al-Zahrani
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaudah Al-Maghrabi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmood Rasool
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad I. Naseer
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba Alkhatabi
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmajeed F. Alrefaei
- Department of Biology, Jamoum University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Zari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Razan Elkhatib
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Abuzenadah
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Peter N. Pushparaj
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Muhammad Abu-Elmagd
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Muhammad Abu-Elmagd,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Daly CA, Hall ET, Ogden SK. Regulatory mechanisms of cytoneme-based morphogen transport. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:119. [PMID: 35119540 PMCID: PMC8816744 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04148-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
During development and tissue homeostasis, cells must communicate with their neighbors to ensure coordinated responses to instructional cues. Cues such as morphogens and growth factors signal at both short and long ranges in temporal- and tissue-specific manners to guide cell fate determination, provide positional information, and to activate growth and survival responses. The precise mechanisms by which such signals traverse the extracellular environment to ensure reliable delivery to their intended cellular targets are not yet clear. One model for how this occurs suggests that specialized filopodia called cytonemes extend between signal-producing and -receiving cells to function as membrane-bound highways along which information flows. A growing body of evidence supports a crucial role for cytonemes in cell-to-cell communication. Despite this, the molecular mechanisms by which cytonemes are initiated, how they grow, and how they deliver specific signals are only starting to be revealed. Herein, we discuss recent advances toward improved understanding of cytoneme biology. We discuss similarities and differences between cytonemes and other types of cellular extensions, summarize what is known about how they originate, and discuss molecular mechanisms by which their activity may be controlled in development and tissue homeostasis. We conclude by highlighting important open questions regarding cytoneme biology, and comment on how a clear understanding of their function may provide opportunities for treating or preventing disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina A Daly
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Pl. MS340, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
- St. Jude Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Pl, MS 1500, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Eric T Hall
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Pl. MS340, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Stacey K Ogden
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Pl. MS340, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gradilla AC, Guerrero I. Hedgehog on track: Long-distant signal transport and transfer through direct cell-to-cell contact. Curr Top Dev Biol 2022; 150:1-24. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
8
|
Routledge D, Rogers S, Ono Y, Brunt L, Meniel V, Tornillo G, Ashktorab H, Phesse TJ, Scholpp S. The scaffolding protein flot2 promotes cytoneme-based transport of wnt3 in gastric cancer. eLife 2022; 11:77376. [PMID: 36040316 PMCID: PMC9457691 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway regulates multiple cellular processes during development and many diseases, including cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Despite their hydrophobic nature, Wnt proteins exert their function over long distances to induce paracrine signalling. Recent studies have identified several factors involved in Wnt secretion; however, our understanding of how Wnt ligands are transported between cells to interact with their cognate receptors is still debated. Here, we demonstrate that gastric cancer cells utilise cytonemes to transport Wnt3 intercellularly to promote proliferation and cell survival. Furthermore, we identify the membrane-bound scaffolding protein Flotillin-2 (Flot2), frequently overexpressed in gastric cancer, as a modulator of these cytonemes. Together with the Wnt co-receptor and cytoneme initiator Ror2, Flot2 determines the number and length of Wnt3 cytonemes in gastric cancer. Finally, we show that Flotillins are also necessary for Wnt8a cytonemes during zebrafish embryogenesis, suggesting a conserved mechanism for Flotillin-mediated Wnt transport on cytonemes in development and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Routledge
- Living Systems Institute, School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of ExeterExeterUnited Kingdom
| | - Sally Rogers
- Living Systems Institute, School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of ExeterExeterUnited Kingdom
| | - Yosuke Ono
- Living Systems Institute, School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of ExeterExeterUnited Kingdom
| | - Lucy Brunt
- Living Systems Institute, School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of ExeterExeterUnited Kingdom
| | - Valerie Meniel
- The European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Giusy Tornillo
- The European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Hassan Ashktorab
- Department of Medicine, Howard UniversityWashingtonUnited States
| | - Toby J Phesse
- The European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom,The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia
| | - Steffen Scholpp
- Living Systems Institute, School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of ExeterExeterUnited Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mendieta I, Rodríguez-Nieto M, Nuñez-Anita RE, Menchaca-Arredondo JL, García-Alcocer G, Berumen LC. Ultrastructural changes associated to the neuroendocrine transdifferentiation of the lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549. Acta Histochem 2021; 123:151797. [PMID: 34688180 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2021.151797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The neuroendocrine transdifferentiation has been found in many cancer cell types, such as prostate, lung and gastrointestinal cells and is accompanied by a lower patient life expectancy. The transdifferentiation process has been induced in vitro by the exposure to different stimuli in human lung adenocarcinoma. The aim of this work was to identify the morphological characteristics of the neuroendocrine phenotype in a human lung cancer cell line, induced by two cAMP elevating agents (IBMX and FSK). Our results showed two phenotypes, one produced by IBMX with higher volume, cell size and increased number of secondary projections, and the other produced by FSK with higher area, roughness of the membrane, cell neurite percentage, number of outgrowths per cell and increased number of primary projections. In conclusion, we describe some morphological and ultrastructural characteristics of the neuroendocrine phenotype in A549 human lung cancer cell line promoted by IBMX and FSK to contribute to the understanding of the autocrine or paracrine signaling within the tumor microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irasema Mendieta
- Posgrado en Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario S/N, Cerro de las Campanas 76010, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Maricela Rodríguez-Nieto
- Instituto de Física y Matemáticas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58060, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Rosa Elvira Nuñez-Anita
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás Hidalgo, Tarímbaro Municipio de Morelia 58920, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Jorge Luis Menchaca-Arredondo
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe García-Alcocer
- Posgrado en Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario S/N, Cerro de las Campanas 76010, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Laura Cristina Berumen
- Posgrado en Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario S/N, Cerro de las Campanas 76010, Querétaro, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Drosophila, an Integrative Model to Study the Features of Muscle Stem Cells in Development and Regeneration. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082112. [PMID: 34440881 PMCID: PMC8394675 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle stem cells (MuSCs) are essential for muscle growth, maintenance and repair. Over the past decade, experiments in Drosophila have been instrumental in understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms regulating MuSCs (also known as adult muscle precursors, AMPs) during development. A large number of genetic tools available in fruit flies provides an ideal framework to address new questions which could not be addressed with other model organisms. This review reports the main findings revealed by the study of Drosophila AMPs, with a specific focus on how AMPs are specified and properly positioned, how they acquire their identity and which are the environmental cues controlling their behavior and fate. The review also describes the recent identification of the Drosophila adult MuSCs that have similar characteristics to vertebrates MuSCs. Integration of the different levels of MuSCs analysis in flies is likely to provide new fundamental knowledge in muscle stem cell biology largely applicable to other systems.
Collapse
|
11
|
Hayashi Y, Shibata A, Kamimura K, Kobayashi S. Heparan sulfate proteoglycan molecules, syndecan and perlecan, have distinct roles in the maintenance of Drosophila germline stem cells. Dev Growth Differ 2021; 63:295-305. [PMID: 34324711 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Drosophila female germline stem cell (GSC) niche provides an excellent model for understanding the stem cell niche in vivo. The GSC niche is composed of stromal cells that provide growth factors for the maintenance of GSCs and the associated extracellular matrix (ECM). Although the function of stromal cells/growth factors has been well studied, the function of the ECM in the GSC niche is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the function of syndecan and perlecan, molecules of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) family, as the main constituents of the ECM. We found that both of these genes were expressed in niche stromal cells, and knockdown of them in stromal cells decreased GSC number, indicating that these genes are important niche components. Interestingly, our genetic analysis revealed that the effects of syndecan and perlecan on the maintenance of GSC were distinct. While the knockdown of perlecan in the GSC niche increased the number of cystoblasts, a phenotype suggestive of delayed differentiation of GSCs, the same was not true in the context of syndecan. Notably, the overexpression of syndecan and perlecan did not cause an expansion of the GSC niche, opposing the results reported in the context of glypican, another HSPG gene. Altogether, our data suggest that HSPG genes contribute to the maintenance of GSCs through multiple mechanisms, such as the control of signal transduction, and ligand distribution/stabilization. Therefore, our study paves the way for a deeper understanding of the ECM functions in the stem cell niche.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Hayashi
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Arisa Shibata
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kamimura
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Japan
| | - Satoru Kobayashi
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hatori R, Wood BM, Oliveira Barbosa G, Kornberg TB. Regulated delivery controls Drosophila Hedgehog, Wingless, and Decapentaplegic signaling. eLife 2021; 10:71744. [PMID: 34292155 PMCID: PMC8376250 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Morphogen signaling proteins disperse across tissues to activate signal transduction in target cells. We investigated dispersion of Hedgehog (Hh), Wnt homolog Wingless (Wg), and Bone morphogenic protein homolog Decapentaplegic (Dpp) in the Drosophila wing imaginal disc. We discovered that delivery of Hh, Wg, and Dpp to their respective targets is regulated. We found that <5% of Hh and <25% of Wg are taken up by disc cells and activate signaling. The amount of morphogen that is taken up and initiates signaling did not change when the level of morphogen expression was varied between 50 and 200% (Hh) or 50 and 350% (Wg). Similar properties were observed for Dpp. We analyzed an area of 150 μm×150 μm that includes Hh-responding cells of the disc as well as overlying tracheal cells and myoblasts that are also activated by disc-produced Hh. We found that the extent of signaling in the disc was unaffected by the presence or absence of the tracheal and myoblast cells, suggesting that the mechanism that disperses Hh specifies its destinations to particular cells, and that target cells do not take up Hh from a common pool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Hatori
- Cardiovascular Research Institute University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Brent M Wood
- Cardiovascular Research Institute University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | | | - Thomas B Kornberg
- Cardiovascular Research Institute University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Valdebenito S, Malik S, Luu R, Loudig O, Mitchell M, Okafo G, Bhat K, Prideaux B, Eugenin EA. Tunneling nanotubes, TNT, communicate glioblastoma with surrounding non-tumor astrocytes to adapt them to hypoxic and metabolic tumor conditions. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14556. [PMID: 34267246 PMCID: PMC8282675 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93775-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-to-cell communication is essential for the development and proper function of multicellular systems. We and others demonstrated that tunneling nanotubes (TNT) proliferate in several pathological conditions such as HIV, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the nature, function, and contribution of TNT to cancer pathogenesis are poorly understood. Our analyses demonstrate that TNT structures are induced between glioblastoma (GBM) cells and surrounding non-tumor astrocytes to transfer tumor-derived mitochondria. The mitochondrial transfer mediated by TNT resulted in the adaptation of non-tumor astrocytes to tumor-like metabolism and hypoxia conditions. In conclusion, TNT are an efficient cell-to-cell communication system used by cancer cells to adapt the microenvironment to the invasive nature of the tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Valdebenito
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Research Building 17, Fifth Floor, 105 11th Street, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Shaily Malik
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Research Building 17, Fifth Floor, 105 11th Street, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Ross Luu
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Research Building 17, Fifth Floor, 105 11th Street, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Olivier Loudig
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, USA
| | - Megan Mitchell
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, USA
| | | | - Krishna Bhat
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, M.D. Anderson, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brendan Prideaux
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Research Building 17, Fifth Floor, 105 11th Street, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Eliseo A Eugenin
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Research Building 17, Fifth Floor, 105 11th Street, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yu J, Zheng Q, Li Z, Wu Y, Fu Y, Wu X, Lin D, Shen C, Zheng B, Sun F. CG6015 controls spermatogonia transit-amplifying divisions by epidermal growth factor receptor signaling in Drosophila testes. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:491. [PMID: 33990549 PMCID: PMC8121936 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03783-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Spermatogonia transit-amplifying (TA) divisions are crucial for the differentiation of germline stem cell daughters. However, the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. In the present study, we demonstrated that CG6015 was essential for spermatogonia TA-divisions and elongated spermatozoon development in Drosophila melanogaster. Spermatogonia deficient in CG6015 inhibited germline differentiation leading to the accumulation of undifferentiated cell populations. Transcriptome profiling using RNA sequencing indicated that CG6015 was involved in spermatogenesis, spermatid differentiation, and metabolic processes. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) revealed the relationship between CG6015 and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway. Unexpectedly, we discovered that phosphorylated extracellular regulated kinase (dpERK) signals were activated in germline stem cell (GSC)-like cells after reduction of CG6015 in spermatogonia. Moreover, Downstream of raf1 (Dsor1), a key downstream target of EGFR, mimicked the phenotype of CG6015, and germline dpERK signals were activated in spermatogonia of Dsor1 RNAi testes. Together, these findings revealed a potential regulatory mechanism of CG6015 via EGFR signaling during spermatogonia TA-divisions in Drosophila testes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yu
- grid.260483.b0000 0000 9530 8833Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qianwen Zheng
- grid.440785.a0000 0001 0743 511XDepartment of Gynecology, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhiran Li
- grid.260483.b0000 0000 9530 8833Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yunhao Wu
- grid.260483.b0000 0000 9530 8833Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yangbo Fu
- grid.260483.b0000 0000 9530 8833Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaolong Wu
- grid.260483.b0000 0000 9530 8833Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Dengfeng Lin
- grid.260483.b0000 0000 9530 8833Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Cong Shen
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fei Sun
- grid.260483.b0000 0000 9530 8833Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ali-Murthy Z, Fetter RD, Wang W, Yang B, Royer LA, Kornberg TB. Elimination of nurse cell nuclei that shuttle into oocytes during oogenesis. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212051. [PMID: 33950159 PMCID: PMC8105724 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202012101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Drosophila oocytes develop together with 15 sister germline nurse cells (NCs), which pass products to the oocyte through intercellular bridges. The NCs are completely eliminated during stages 12-14, but we discovered that at stage 10B, two specific NCs fuse with the oocyte and extrude their nuclei through a channel that opens in the anterior face of the oocyte. These nuclei extinguish in the ooplasm, leaving 2 enucleated and 13 nucleated NCs. At stage 11, the cell boundaries of the oocyte are mostly restored. Oocytes in egg chambers that fail to eliminate NC nuclei at stage 10B develop with abnormal morphology. These findings show that stage 10B NCs are distinguished by position and identity, and that NC elimination proceeds in two stages: first at stage 10B and later at stages 12-14.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zehra Ali-Murthy
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Richard D Fetter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Wanpeng Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Bin Yang
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Thomas B Kornberg
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zheng Q, Chen X, Qiao C, Wang M, Chen W, Luan X, Yan Y, Shen C, Fang J, Hu X, Zheng B, Wu Y, Yu J. Somatic CG6015 mediates cyst stem cell maintenance and germline stem cell differentiation via EGFR signaling in Drosophila testes. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:68. [PMID: 33824283 PMCID: PMC8024382 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00452-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell niche is regulated by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. In the Drosophila testis, cyst stem cells (CySCs) support the differentiation of germline stem cells (GSCs). However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we found that somatic CG6015 is required for CySC maintenance and GSC differentiation in a Drosophila model. Knockdown of CG6015 in CySCs caused aberrant activation of dpERK in undifferentiated germ cells in the Drosophila testis, and disruption of key downstream targets of EGFR signaling (Dsor1 and rl) in CySCs results in a phenotype resembling that of CG6015 knockdown. CG6015, Dsor1, and rl are essential for the survival of Drosophila cell line Schneider 2 (S2) cells. Our data showed that somatic CG6015 regulates CySC maintenance and GSC differentiation via EGFR signaling, and inhibits aberrant activation of germline dpERK signals. These findings indicate regulatory mechanisms of stem cell niche homeostasis in the Drosophila testis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Zheng
- Department of Gynecology, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, 212001, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Gynecology, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, 212001, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Chen Qiao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, 212001, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Gynecology, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, 212001, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Wanyin Chen
- Department of Gynecology, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, 212001, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojin Luan
- Department of Gynecology, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, 212001, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yidan Yan
- Department of Gynecology, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, 212001, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Cong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, 215002, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jie Fang
- Department of Gynecology, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, 212001, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xing Hu
- Department of Gynecology, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, 212001, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Bo Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, 215002, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
| | - Yibo Wu
- Human Reproductive and Genetic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, 214062, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Gynecology, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, 212001, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Distant activation of Notch signaling induces stem cell niche assembly. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009489. [PMID: 33780456 PMCID: PMC8031783 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we show that multiple modes of Notch signaling activation specify the complexity of spatial cellular interactions necessary for stem cell niche assembly. In particular, we studied the formation of the germline stem cell niche in Drosophila ovaries, which is a two-step process whereby terminal filaments are formed first. Then, terminal filaments signal to the adjacent cap cell precursors, resulting in Notch signaling activation, which is necessary for the lifelong acquisition of stem cell niche cell fate. The genetic data suggest that in order to initiate the process of stem cell niche assembly, Notch signaling is activated among non-equipotent cells via distant induction, where germline Delta is delivered to somatic cells located several diameters away via cellular projections generated by primordial germ cells. At the same time, to ensure the robustness of niche formation, terminal filament cell fate can also be induced by somatic Delta via cis- or trans-inhibition. This exemplifies a double security mechanism that guarantees that the germline stem cell niche is formed, since it is indispensable for the adjacent germline precursor cells to acquire and maintain stemness necessary for successful reproduction. These findings contribute to our understanding of the formation of stem cell niches in their natural environment, which is important for stem cell biology and regenerative medicine. Adult organs often contain a stem cell niche that maintains stem cells necessary for the replenishment of different types of terminally differentiated cells that are continuously lost. This study reveals that various modes of Notch signaling activation induce the formation of the germline stem cell niche in Drosophila. We show for the first time that even among non-equipotent cells, Notch signaling can be trans-activated via distant induction mode, where the ligand Delta is delivered via cellular protrusions to the somatic stem cell niche precursors located several cell diameters away. Moreover, there is a second security mechanism controlled by the soma that additionally ensures that the stem cell niche is formed. In the stem cell niche precursors, Notch signaling can be locally inhibited by the somatic Delta. While Notch signaling trans-inhibition has been proposed via mathematical modelling, our findings show that a group of cells that have high Delta can be seen in a living organism, confirming that this mode of Notch signaling inhibition by trans-Delta exists in vivo. This work provides significant advances in the understanding of Notch signaling and the stem cell niche formation, which is important for the fields of stem cell biology and regenerative medicine.
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang XT, Sun H, Chen NH, Yuan YH. Tunneling nanotubes: A novel pharmacological target for neurodegenerative diseases? Pharmacol Res 2021; 170:105541. [PMID: 33711434 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Diversiform ways of intercellular communication are vital links in maintaining homeostasis and disseminating physiological states. Among intercellular bridges, tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) discovered in 2004 were recognized as potential pharmacology targets related to the pathogenesis of common or infrequent neurodegenerative disorders. The neurotoxic aggregates in neurodegenerative diseases including scrapie prion protein (PrPSc), mutant tau protein, amyloid-beta (Aβ) protein, alpha-synuclein (α-syn) as well as mutant Huntington (mHTT) protein could promote TNT formation via certain physiological mechanisms, in turn, mediating the intercellular transmission of neurotoxicity. In this review, we described in detail the skeleton, the formation, the physicochemical properties, and the functions of TNTs, while paying particular attention to the key role of TNTs in the transport of pathological proteins during neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Tong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica& Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Hua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica& Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
| | - Nai-Hong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica& Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Yu-He Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica& Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ladyzhets S, Antel M, Simao T, Gasek N, Cowan AE, Inaba M. Self-limiting stem-cell niche signaling through degradation of a stem-cell receptor. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3001003. [PMID: 33315855 PMCID: PMC7769618 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem-cell niche signaling is short-range in nature, such that only stem cells but not their differentiating progeny receive self-renewing signals. At the apical tip of the Drosophila testis, 8 to 10 germline stem cells (GSCs) surround the hub, a cluster of somatic cells that organize the stem-cell niche. We have previously shown that GSCs form microtubule-based nanotubes (MT-nanotubes) that project into the hub cells, serving as the platform for niche signal reception; this spatial arrangement ensures the reception of the niche signal specifically by stem cells but not by differentiating cells. The receptor Thickveins (Tkv) is expressed by GSCs and localizes to the surface of MT-nanotubes, where it receives the hub-derived ligand Decapentaplegic (Dpp). The fate of Tkv receptor after engaging in signaling on the MT-nanotubes has been unclear. Here we demonstrate that the Tkv receptor is internalized into hub cells from the MT-nanotube surface and subsequently degraded in the hub cell lysosomes. Perturbation of MT-nanotube formation and Tkv internalization from MT-nanotubes into hub cells both resulted in an overabundance of Tkv protein in GSCs and hyperactivation of a downstream signal, suggesting that the MT-nanotubes also serve a second purpose to dampen the niche signaling. Together, our results demonstrate that MT-nanotubes play dual roles to ensure the short-range nature of niche signaling by (1) providing an exclusive interface for the niche ligand-receptor interaction; and (2) limiting the amount of stem cell receptors available for niche signal reception. A stem cell niche is the specialized micro-environment that provides the signal to the resident stem cells to support their undifferentiated, self-renewing state. This study shows that the cells that compose the niche do not only provide the signal, but also take up the receptor of stem cells for subsequent lysosomal degradation; this mechanism is essential for restriction of niche signal range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Ladyzhets
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Matthew Antel
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Taylor Simao
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Nathan Gasek
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Ann E. Cowan
- Richard D. Berlin Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Mayu Inaba
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hatori R, Kornberg TB. Hedgehog produced by the Drosophila wing imaginal disc induces distinct responses in three target tissues. Development 2020; 147:dev195974. [PMID: 33028613 PMCID: PMC7687861 DOI: 10.1242/dev.195974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) is an evolutionarily conserved signaling protein that has essential roles in animal development and homeostasis. We investigated Hh signaling in the region of the Drosophila wing imaginal disc that produces Hh and is near the tracheal air sac primordium (ASP) and myoblasts. Hh distributes in concentration gradients in the anterior compartment of the wing disc, ASP and myoblasts, and activates genes in each tissue. Some targets of Hh signal transduction are common to the disc, ASP and myoblasts, whereas others are tissue-specific. Signaling in the three tissues is cytoneme-mediated and cytoneme-dependent. Some ASP cells project cytonemes that receive both Hh and Branchless (Bnl), and some targets regulated by Hh signaling in the ASP are also dependent on Bnl signal transduction. We conclude that the single source of Hh in the wing disc regulates cell type-specific responses in three discreet target tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Hatori
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Thomas B Kornberg
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Derynck R, Turley SJ, Akhurst RJ. TGFβ biology in cancer progression and immunotherapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2020; 18:9-34. [DOI: 10.1038/s41571-020-0403-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
22
|
Modeling of Wnt-mediated tissue patterning in vertebrate embryogenesis. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1007417. [PMID: 32579554 PMCID: PMC7340325 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During embryogenesis, morphogens form a concentration gradient in responsive tissue, which is then translated into a spatial cellular pattern. The mechanisms by which morphogens spread through a tissue to establish such a morphogenetic field remain elusive. Here, we investigate by mutually complementary simulations and in vivo experiments how Wnt morphogen transport by cytonemes differs from typically assumed diffusion-based transport for patterning of highly dynamic tissue such as the neural plate in zebrafish. Stochasticity strongly influences fate acquisition at the single cell level and results in fluctuating boundaries between pattern regions. Stable patterning can be achieved by sorting through concentration dependent cell migration and apoptosis, independent of the morphogen transport mechanism. We show that Wnt transport by cytonemes achieves distinct Wnt thresholds for the brain primordia earlier compared with diffusion-based transport. We conclude that a cytoneme-mediated morphogen transport together with directed cell sorting is a potentially favored mechanism to establish morphogen gradients in rapidly expanding developmental systems.
Collapse
|
23
|
Jung E, Alfonso J, Monyer H, Wick W, Winkler F. Neuronal signatures in cancer. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:3281-3291. [PMID: 32510582 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in the treatment of solid tumors, the prognosis of patients with many cancers remains poor, particularly of those with primary and metastatic brain tumors. In the last years, "Cancer Neuroscience" emerged as novel field of research at the crossroads of oncology and classical neuroscience. In primary brain tumors, including glioblastoma (GB), communicating networks that render tumor cells resistant against cytotoxic therapies were identified. To build these networks, GB cells extend neurite-like protrusions called tumor microtubes (TMs). Synapses on TMs allow tumor cells to retrieve neuronal input that fosters growth. Single cell sequencing further revealed that primary brain tumors recapitulate many steps of neurodevelopment. Interestingly, neuronal characteristics, including the ability to extend neurite-like protrusions, neuronal gene expression signatures and interactions with neurons, have now been found not only in brain and neuroendocrine tumors but also in some cancers of epithelial origin. In this review, we will provide an overview about neurite-like protrusions as well as neurodevelopmental origins, hierarchies and gene expression signatures in cancer. We will also discuss how "Cancer Neuroscience" might provide a framework for the development of novel therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Jung
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julieta Alfonso
- Department of Clinical Neurobiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hannah Monyer
- Department of Clinical Neurobiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Clinical Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Winkler
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Portela M, Casas-Tintó S. New Cellular Dimensions on Glioblastoma Progression. Neurosci Insights 2020; 15:2633105520923076. [PMID: 32548582 PMCID: PMC7249559 DOI: 10.1177/2633105520923076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are brain tumors originated from glial cells. The most frequent form of glioma is the glioblastoma (GB). This lethal tumor is frequently originated from genetic alterations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and PI3K pathways. Recent results suggest that signaling pathways, other than primary founder mutations, play a central role in GB progression. Some of these signals are depleted by GB cells from healthy neurons via specialized filopodia known as tumor microtubes (TMs). Here, we discuss the contribution of TMs to vampirize wingless/WNT ligand from neurons. In consequence, wingless/WNT pathway is upregulated in GB to promote tumor progression, and the reduction of these signals in neurons causes the reduction of synapse number and neurodegeneration. These processes contribute to neurological defects and premature death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Portela
- Biochemistry and Genetics Department, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sergio Casas-Tintó
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology Department, Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Portela M. Tumourigenesis: Using Cytonemes to Engage Mesenchymal Cells in Epithelial Tumours. Curr Biol 2020; 30:R441-R443. [PMID: 32428475 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A new study in Drosophila shows that inter-tissue communication between epithelial and mesenchymal cells via Notch signalling plays a role in EGFR-driven tumourigenesis of epithelial tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Portela
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Boukhatmi H, Martins T, Pillidge Z, Kamenova T, Bray S. Notch Mediates Inter-tissue Communication to Promote Tumorigenesis. Curr Biol 2020; 30:1809-1820.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.02.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
27
|
Casas-Tintó S, Portela M. Cytonemes, Their Formation, Regulation, and Roles in Signaling and Communication in Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225641. [PMID: 31718063 PMCID: PMC6888727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence during the past two decades shows that cells interconnect and communicate through cytonemes. These cytoskeleton-driven extensions of specialized membrane territories are involved in cell–cell signaling in development, patterning, and differentiation, but also in the maintenance of adult tissue homeostasis, tissue regeneration, and cancer. Brain tumor cells in glioblastoma extend ultralong membrane protrusions (named tumor microtubes, TMs), which contribute to invasion, proliferation, radioresistance, and tumor progression. Here we review the mechanisms underlying cytoneme formation, regulation, and their roles in cell signaling and communication in epithelial cells and other cell types. Furthermore, we discuss the recent discovery of glial cytonemes in the Drosophila glial cells that alter Wingless (Wg)/Frizzled (Fz) signaling between glia and neurons. Research on cytoneme formation, maintenance, and cell signaling mechanisms will help to better understand not only physiological developmental processes and tissue homeostasis but also cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Casas-Tintó
- Instituto Cajal-CSIC. Av. del Doctor Arce, 37. 28002 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.C.-T.); (M.P.); Tel.: +34915854738 (S.C.-T.); +61394792522 (M.P.)
| | - Marta Portela
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
- Correspondence: (S.C.-T.); (M.P.); Tel.: +34915854738 (S.C.-T.); +61394792522 (M.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhang C, Scholpp S. Cytonemes in development. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2019; 57:25-30. [PMID: 31404787 PMCID: PMC6838781 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cell-cell communication is essential during the development of multicellular organisms. Specialized cell protrusions called cytonemes have been identified to exchange signals between cells that are vital for tissue development. Cytonemes can carry signalling components between distant cells and thus regulate the activity levels of the corresponding signalling pathways across entire tissues. This review summarizes the key findings on the formation and function of cytonemes in tissue development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengting Zhang
- Living Systems Institute, Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Steffen Scholpp
- Living Systems Institute, Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|