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Torchelsen FKVDS, Mazzeti AL, Mosqueira VCF. Drugs in preclinical and early clinical development for the treatment of Chagas´s disease: the current status. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38686546 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2024.2349289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chagas disease is spreading faster than expected in different countries, and little progress has been reported in the discovery of new drugs to combat Trypanosoma cruzi infection in humans. Recent clinical trials have ended with small hope. The pathophysiology of this neglected disease and the genetic diversity of parasites are exceptionally complex. The only two drugs available to treat patients are far from being safe, and their efficacy in the chronic phase is still unsatisfactory. AREAS COVERED This review offers a comprehensive examination and critical review of data reported in the last 10 years, and it is focused on findings of clinical trials and data acquired in vivo in preclinical studies. EXPERT OPINION The in vivo investigations classically in mice and dog models are also challenging and time-consuming to attest cure for infection. Poorly standardized protocols, availability of diagnosis methods and disease progression markers, the use of different T. cruzi strains with variable benznidazole sensitivities, and animals in different acute and chronic phases of infection contribute to it. More synchronized efforts between research groups in this field are required to put in evidence new promising substances, drug combinations, repurposing strategies, and new pharmaceutical formulations to impact the therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Karoline Vieira da Silva Torchelsen
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana Lia Mazzeti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Health, Academic Unit of Passos, University of Minas Gerais State, Passos, Brazil
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Borgo J, Wagner MS, Laurella LC, Elso OG, Selener MG, Clavin M, Bach H, Catalán CAN, Bivona AE, Sepúlveda CS, Sülsen VP. Plant Extracts and Phytochemicals from the Asteraceae Family with Antiviral Properties. Molecules 2024; 29:814. [PMID: 38398567 PMCID: PMC10891539 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Asteraceae (Compositae), commonly known as the sunflower family, is one of the largest plant families in the world and includes several species with pharmacological properties. In the search for new antiviral candidates, an in vitro screening against dengue virus (DENV) was performed on a series of dichloromethane and methanolic extracts prepared from six Asteraceae species, including Acmella bellidioides, Campuloclinium macrocephalum, Grindelia pulchella, Grindelia chiloensis, Helenium radiatum, and Viguiera tuberosa, along with pure phytochemicals isolated from Asteraceae: mikanolide (1), eupatoriopicrin (2), eupahakonenin B (3), minimolide (4), estafietin (5), 2-oxo-8-deoxyligustrin (6), santhemoidin C (7), euparin (8), jaceidin (9), nepetin (10), jaceosidin (11), eryodictiol (12), eupatorin (13), and 5-demethylsinensetin (14). Results showed that the dichloromethane extracts of C. macrocephalum and H. radiatum and the methanolic extracts prepared from C. macrocephalum and G. pulchella were highly active and selective against DENV-2, affording EC50 values of 0.11, 0.15, 1.80, and 3.85 µg/mL, respectively, and SIs of 171.0, 18.8, >17.36, and 64.9, respectively. From the pool of phytochemicals tested, compounds 6, 7, and 8 stand out as the most active (EC50 = 3.7, 3.1, and 6.8 µM, respectively; SI = 5.9, 6.7, and >73.4, respectively). These results demonstrate that Asteraceae species and their chemical constituents represent valuable sources of new antiviral molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Borgo
- Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Piso 2, Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina; (J.B.); (L.C.L.)
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Piso 2, Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina; (O.G.E.); (M.G.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Mariel S. Wagner
- Laboratorio de Estrategias Antivirales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Int. Güiraldes 2160, Piso 4, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina;
| | - Laura C. Laurella
- Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Piso 2, Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina; (J.B.); (L.C.L.)
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Piso 2, Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina; (O.G.E.); (M.G.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Orlando G. Elso
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Piso 2, Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina; (O.G.E.); (M.G.S.); (M.C.)
- Unidad de Microanálisis y Métodos Físicos Aplicados a Química Orgánica (UMYMFOR), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, Piso 3, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Mariana G. Selener
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Piso 2, Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina; (O.G.E.); (M.G.S.); (M.C.)
| | - María Clavin
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Piso 2, Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina; (O.G.E.); (M.G.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Hernán Bach
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Gobernador Guillermo Udaondo 1695 Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, EEA AMBA Udaondo, Villa Udaondo B1713AAW, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina;
| | - César A. N. Catalán
- Instituto de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 471, San Miguel de Tucumán T4000INI, Tucumán Province, Argentina;
| | - Augusto E. Bivona
- Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral Prof. Ricardo A. Margni (IDEHU), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Piso 4, Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina;
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, Piso 13, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Claudia S. Sepúlveda
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Int. Güiraldes 2160, Piso 4, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Valeria P. Sülsen
- Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Piso 2, Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina; (J.B.); (L.C.L.)
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, Piso 2, Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina; (O.G.E.); (M.G.S.); (M.C.)
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3
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Elso OG, Cerny N, Laurella LC, Bivona AE, Sánchez Alberti A, Morales C, Catalán CAN, Malchiodi EL, Sülsen VP. In silico toxicologic profile and in vivo trypanocidal activity of estafietin, a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Stevia alpina Griseb. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:690-695. [PMID: 36938813 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2188208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease is an infection caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, affecting 6-8 million people worldwide. Only two drugs are available for its treatment, having a limited efficacy and adverse side-effects. Estafietin is a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Stevia alpina with in vitro activity against T. cruzi and low cytotoxicity against mammalian cells. The aim of this work was to predict the toxicologic profile of estafietin by in silico methods and assess its in vivo activity on a murine model of Chagas disease. Estafietin showed low toxicity according to pkCSM web tool and passed the PAINS filter from PAINS-remover web server. The treatment of infected mice with 1 mg/Kg/day of estafietin for five consecutive days administrated by intraperitoneal route significatively decreased parasitemia levels and reduced inflammatory infiltrates and myocyte damage on muscle tissue. These results suggest that estafietin had effect both on acute and chronic stages of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlando G Elso
- Cátedra de Farmacognosia, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 2nd floor, (C1113AAD), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 2nd floor, (C1113AAD), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natacha Cerny
- Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, 13th floor, (C1121ABG), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 4th floor, (C1113AAD), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura C Laurella
- Cátedra de Farmacognosia, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 2nd floor, (C1113AAD), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 2nd floor, (C1113AAD), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Augusto E Bivona
- Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 4th floor, (C1113AAD), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 4th floor, (C1113AAD), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrés Sánchez Alberti
- Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, 13th floor, (C1121ABG), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 4th floor, (C1113AAD), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Celina Morales
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155 (C1121ABG), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cesar A N Catalán
- Instituto de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 471, (T4000INI), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Emilio L Malchiodi
- Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 4th floor, (C1113AAD), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 4th floor, (C1113AAD), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria P Sülsen
- Cátedra de Farmacognosia, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 2nd floor, (C1113AAD), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 2nd floor, (C1113AAD), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Radhakrishnan N, Karthi S, Raghuraman P, Ganesan R, Srinivasan K, Edwin ES, Ganesh-Kumar S, Mohd Esa N, Senthil-Nathan S, Vasantha-Srinivasan P, Krutmuangh P, Alwahibi MS, Elshikh MS. Chemical screening and mosquitocidal activity of essential oil derived from Mikania scandens (L.) Willd. against Anopheles gambiae Giles and their non-toxicity on mosquito predators. ALL LIFE 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2023.2169959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Narayanaswamy Radhakrishnan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, St. Peter’s Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sengodan Karthi
- Division of Bio pesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, India
| | - Pandiyan Raghuraman
- Department of Bioinformatics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India
| | - Raja Ganesan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kumaraswamy Srinivasan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, St. Peter’s Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Edward-Sam Edwin
- Department of Microbiology, Division of Virology & Molecular Biology, St. Peter’s Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Hosur, India
| | - Selvaraj Ganesh-Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, St. Peter’s Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Norhaizan Mohd Esa
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan
- Division of Bio pesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, India
| | - Prabhakaran Vasantha-Srinivasan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India
| | - Patcharin Krutmuangh
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Mona S. Alwahibi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Soliman Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Corman HN, McNamara CW, Bakowski MA. Drug Discovery for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: A Review of Developments in the Past 15 Years. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2845. [PMID: 38137989 PMCID: PMC10745741 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a group of vector-borne, parasitic diseases caused by over 20 species of the protozoan Leishmania spp. The three major disease classifications, cutaneous, visceral, and mucocutaneous, have a range of clinical manifestations from self-healing skin lesions to hepatosplenomegaly and mucosal membrane damage to fatality. As a neglected tropical disease, leishmaniasis represents a major international health challenge, with nearly 350 million people living at risk of infection a year. The current chemotherapeutics used to treat leishmaniasis have harsh side effects, prolonged and costly treatment regimens, as well as emerging drug resistance, and are predominantly used for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis. There is an undeniable need for the identification and development of novel chemotherapeutics targeting cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), largely ignored by concerted drug development efforts. CL is mostly non-lethal and the most common presentation of this disease, with nearly 1 million new cases reported annually. Recognizing this unaddressed need, substantial yet fragmented progress in early drug discovery efforts for CL has occurred in the past 15 years and was outlined in this review. However, further work needs to be carried out to advance early discovery candidates towards the clinic. Importantly, there is a paucity of investment in the translation and development of therapies for CL, limiting the emergence of viable solutions to deal with this serious and complex international health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah N. Corman
- Calibr at Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (C.W.M.); (M.A.B.)
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6
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Ali Khan M, El-Kersh DM, Islam MS, Ara Khan S, Kamli H, Sarkar C, Bhuia MS, Islam T, Chandra Shill M, Gobe GC, Sönmez Gürer E, Setzer WN, Sharifi-Rad J, Torequl Islam M. Mikania micrantha Kunth: An Ethnopharmacological Treasure Trove of Therapeutic Potential. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300392. [PMID: 37715705 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Mikania micrantha is utilized as a therapeutic for the treatment of various human ailments including insect bites, rashes and itches of skin, chicken pox, healing of sores and wounds, colds and fever, nausea, jaundice, rheumatism, and respiratory ailments. This study aimed at summarizing the traditional uses, phytochemical profile, and biological activities of M. micrantha based on obtainable information screened from different databases. An up-to-date search was performed on M. micrantha in PubMed, Science Direct, clinicaltrials.gov, and Google Scholar databases with specific keywords. No language restrictions were imposed. Published articles, theses, seminar/conference papers, abstracts, and books on ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacological evidence were considered. Based on the inclusion criteria, this study includes 53 published records from the above-mentioned databases. The results suggest that fresh leaves and whole plant are frequently used in folk medicine. The plant contains more than 150 different phytochemicals under the following groups: essential oils, phenolics and flavonoids, terpenes, terpene lactones, glycosides, and sulfated flavonoids. It contains carbohydrates and micronutrients including vitamins and major and trace minerals. M. micrantha possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-dermatophytic, anti-protozoal, anthelmintic, cytotoxic, anxiolytic, anti-diabetic, lipid-lowering and antidiabetic, spasmolytic, memory-enhancing, wound-healing, anti-aging, and thrombolytic activities. No clinical studies have been reported to date. M. micrantha might be one of the potential sources of phytotherapeutic compounds against diverse ailments in humans. Studies are required to confirm its safety profile in experimental animals prior to initiating clinical trials. Moreover, adequate investigation is also crucial to clarify exact mechanism of action for each biological effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muahmmad Ali Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Dina M El-Kersh
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), 11837, is missing, Egypt
| | - Md Shafiqul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Shams Ara Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Hossam Kamli
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chandan Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shimul Bhuia
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Tawhida Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Manik Chandra Shill
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Glenda C Gobe
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, 4072, Australia
| | - Eda Sönmez Gürer
- Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Sivas, Turkey
| | - William N Setzer
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 102, Lehi, UT, 84043, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, 35899, USA
| | | | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
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Fu J, Wu Y, Yan X, Wang L, Zhang S, Luo Y. Isolation and identification of the endophytic fungus J2-3 and its disease-preventive and growth-promoting effects on cucumber. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:1115-1125. [PMID: 37118055 PMCID: PMC10235411 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-00979-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
There are many problems that result from the use of a large number of chemical pesticides to control plant diseases, including pathogenic bacteria resistance, environmental contamination, and human health effects. Recently, endophytic fungi have become a significant source of bioactive fungicide products and an invaluable resource for excavating microbial pesticides. In this study, endophytic fungi with biocontrol potential were isolated and screened from Mikania micrantha leaves, stems, and roots. Fifty endophytic fungi were isolated and their antagonistic activity was studied in vitro using the confrontation culture method. The J2-3 strains from stems exhibit broad-spectrum and high activity. The strain's biological characteristics were determined by various culture conditions, and it was identified as Fusarium proliferatum by both morphological and ITS sequence analysis. Biological characteristics of the J2-3 strain were also tested. The optimum temperature for mycelium growth and sporulation was 25 °C and 30 °C, respectively. For mycelium growth, starch was the optimum carbon source, and peptone was the optimum nitrogen source for sucrose, mycelium growth, and sporulation. Mycelium growth was killed by a temperature of 60 °C, and sporulation was killed by a temperature of 55 °C. The light aided mycelium growth, and the light alternated between light and dark cycles for sporulation. Further, pot experiments were conducted to determine the antagonistic and viable effects of highly antagonistic strains on cucumber. The spore suspension's final control efficacy on cucumber wilt disease was up to 62.79% and it also promoted cucumber growth significantly. The results show that the entophytic fungus J2-3 from M. micrantha can protect cucumbers from wilt disease and promote growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantao Fu
- School of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
- Institute of Nanfan & Seed Industry, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510316, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuejie Wu
- School of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Xiangnan Yan
- School of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Lanying Wang
- School of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Shujing Zhang
- School of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Yanping Luo
- School of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China.
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Structure and absolute configuration of parodiolide, a new dimeric sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Mikania parodii Cabrera possessing an uncommon spiro connexion. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.132270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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9
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Durão R, Ramalhete C, Madureira AM, Mendes E, Duarte N. Plant Terpenoids as Hit Compounds against Trypanosomiasis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15030340. [PMID: 35337138 PMCID: PMC8951850 DOI: 10.3390/ph15030340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) and American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease) are vector-borne neglected tropical diseases, caused by the protozoan parasites Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma cruzi, respectively. These diseases were circumscribed to South American and African countries in the past. However, human migration, military interventions, and climate changes have had an important effect on their worldwide propagation, particularly Chagas disease. Currently, the treatment of trypanosomiasis is not ideal, becoming a challenge in poor populations with limited resources. Exploring natural products from higher plants remains a valuable approach to find new hits and enlarge the pipeline of new drugs against protozoal human infections. This review covers the recent studies (2016–2021) on plant terpenoids, and their semi-synthetic derivatives, which have shown promising in vitro and in vivo activities against Trypanosoma parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Durão
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMED.Ulisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (R.D.); (C.R.); (A.M.M.); (E.M.)
| | - Cátia Ramalhete
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMED.Ulisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (R.D.); (C.R.); (A.M.M.); (E.M.)
- ATLANTICA—Instituto Universitário, Fábrica da Pólvora de Barcarena, 2730-036 Barcarena, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Madureira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMED.Ulisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (R.D.); (C.R.); (A.M.M.); (E.M.)
| | - Eduarda Mendes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMED.Ulisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (R.D.); (C.R.); (A.M.M.); (E.M.)
| | - Noélia Duarte
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMED.Ulisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (R.D.); (C.R.); (A.M.M.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence:
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10
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Soliman MF, Shetaia YM, Tayel AA, Munshi AM, Alatawi FA, Alsieni MA, Al-Saman MA. Exploring the Antifungal Activity and Action of Saussurea costus Root Extracts against Candida albicans and Non-albicans Species. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11030327. [PMID: 35326790 PMCID: PMC8944531 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11030327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The isolation and assessment of the active constituents in polar and non-polar crude extracts of Saussurea costus roots as antifungal agents, against Candida albicans and non-C. albicans (NAC) species, was the aim of this current investigation. The SEM “Scanning electron microscopy” imaging provided potential action modes of n-hexane extract (nhhE) toward Candida spp., whereas the TLC-DB “Thin layer chromatography-direct bioautography” was employed for detecting the anticandidal compounds. nhhE had the greatest biocidal activity against all strains and clinical isolates of Candida spp. with maximum zones of inhibition. SEM revealed the occurrence of irregular, dense inclusions of C. albicans cell walls after treatment with nhhE for 12 h. Complete morphological distortions with lysed membranes and deterioration signs appeared in most treated cells of C. parapsilosis. The most effectual compound with anticandidal activity was isolated using TLC-BD and identified as sesquiterpene by GC/MS analysis. The infra-red analysis revealed the presence of lactone ring stretching vibrations at 1766.72 cm−1. The anticandidal activity of nhhE of S. costus roots was confirmed from the results, and the treated cotton fabrics with nhhE of S. costus possessed observable activity against C. albicans. Data could recommend the practical usage of S. costus extracts, particularly nhhE, as influential natural bioactive sources for combating pathogenic Candida spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melad F. Soliman
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City (USsC), Sadat City 22857, Egypt; (M.F.S.); (M.A.A.-S.)
| | - Youssria M. Shetaia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed A. Tayel
- Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
- Correspondence: or
| | - Alaa M. Munshi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca 24243, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fuad A. Alatawi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed A. Alsieni
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mahmoud A. Al-Saman
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City (USsC), Sadat City 22857, Egypt; (M.F.S.); (M.A.A.-S.)
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11
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Arberas-Jiménez I, Rizo-Liendo A, Nocchi N, Sifaoui I, Chao-Pellicer J, Souto ML, Suárez-Gómez B, Díaz-Marrero AR, Fernández JJ, Piñero JE, Lorenzo-Morales J. Sesquiterpene lactones as potential therapeutic agents against Naegleria fowleri. Pharmacotherapy 2022; 147:112694. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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12
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Advances in therapeutic and vaccine targets for Cryptosporidium: Challenges and possible mitigation strategies. Acta Trop 2022; 226:106273. [PMID: 34906550 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cryptosporidium is known to be the second most common diarrheal pathogen in children, causing potentially fatal diarrhea and associated with long-term growth stunting and cognitive deficits. The only Food and Drug Administration-approved treatment for cryptosporidiosis is nitazoxanide, but this drug has not shown potentially effective results in susceptible hosts. Therefore, a safe and effective drug for cryptosporidiosis is urgently needed. Cryptosporidium genome sequencing analysis may help develop an effective drug, but both in vitro and in vivo approaches to drug evaluation are not fully standardized. On the other hand, the development of partial immunity after exposure suggests the possibility of a successful and effective vaccine, but protective surrogates are not precise. In this review, we present our current perspectives on novel cryptosporidiosis therapies, vaccine targets and efficacies, as well as potential mitigation plans, recommendations and perceived challenges.
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Mazzeti AL, Capelari-Oliveira P, Bahia MT, Mosqueira VCF. Review on Experimental Treatment Strategies Against Trypanosoma cruzi. J Exp Pharmacol 2021; 13:409-432. [PMID: 33833592 PMCID: PMC8020333 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s267378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. Currently, only nitroheterocyclic nifurtimox (NFX) and benznidazole (BNZ) are available for the treatment of Chagas disease, with limitations such as variable efficacy, long treatment regimens and toxicity. Different strategies have been used to discover new active molecules for the treatment of Chagas disease. Target-based and phenotypic screening led to thousands of compounds with anti-T. cruzi activity, notably the nitroheterocyclic compounds, fexinidazole and its metabolites. In addition, drug repurposing, drug combinations, re-dosing regimens and the development of new formulations have been evaluated. The CYP51 antifungal azoles, as posaconazole, ravuconazole and its prodrug fosravuconazole presented promising results in experimental Chagas disease. Drug combinations of nitroheterocyclic and azoles were able to induce cure in murine infection. New treatment schemes using BNZ showed efficacy in the experimental chronic stage, including against dormant forms of T. cruzi. And finally, sesquiterpene lactone formulated in nanocarriers displayed outstanding efficacy against different strains of T. cruzi, susceptible or resistant to BNZ, the reference drug. These pre-clinical results are encouraging and provide interesting evidence to improve the treatment of patients with Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lia Mazzeti
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Galênico e Nanotecnologia, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, 35400-000, Brazil.,Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil.,Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Escola de Medicina & Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Patricia Capelari-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Galênico e Nanotecnologia, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Maria Terezinha Bahia
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Escola de Medicina & Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Carla Furtado Mosqueira
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Galênico e Nanotecnologia, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, 35400-000, Brazil
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14
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Zuma AA, de Souza W. Chagas Disease Chemotherapy: What Do We Know So Far? Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:3963-3995. [PMID: 33593251 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666210216152654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease is a Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD), and although endemic in Latin America, affects around 6-7 million people infected worldwide. The treatment of Chagas disease is based on benznidazole and nifurtimox, which are the only available drugs. However, they are not effective during the chronic phase and cause several side effects. Furthermore, BZ promotes cure in 80% of the patients in the acute phase, but the cure rate drops to 20% in adults in the chronic phase of the disease. In this review, we present several studies published in the last six years, which describes the antiparasitic potential of distinct drugs, from the synthesis of new compounds aiming to target the parasite, as well as the repositioning and the combination of drugs. We highlight several compounds for having shown results that are equivalent or superior to BZ, which means that they should be further studied, either in vitro or in vivo. Furthermore, we stand out the differences in the effects of BZ on the same strain of T. cruzi, which might be related to methodological differences such as parasite and cell ratios, host cell type and the time of adding the drug. In addition, we discuss the wide variety of strains and also the cell types used as a host cell, which makes it difficult to compare the trypanocidal effect of the compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Araujo Zuma
- Laboratorio de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21491-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brazil
| | - Wanderley de Souza
- Laboratorio de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21491-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brazil
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15
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de Almeida JM, Nunes FO, Ceole LF, Klimeck TDF, da Cruz LA, Tófoli D, Borges BS, Garcez WS, Tozetti IA, Medeiros LCS, Garcez FR, Ferreira AMT. Synergistic effect and ultrastructural changes in Trypanosoma cruzi caused by isoobtusilactone A in short exposure of time. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245882. [PMID: 33507972 PMCID: PMC7842926 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Butanolides have shown a variety of biological effects including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiprotozoal effects against certain strains of Trypanosoma cruzi. Considering the lack of an effective drug to treat T. cruzi infections and the prominent results obtained in literature with this class of lactones, we investigated the anti-T. cruzi activity of five butanolides isolated from two species of Lauraceae, Aiouea trinervis and Mezilaurus crassiramea. Initially, the activity of these compounds was evaluated on epimastigote forms of the parasite, after a treatment period of 4 h, followed by testing on amastigotes, trypomastigotes, and mammalian cells. Next, the synergistic effect of active butanolides against amastigotes was evaluated. Further, metacyclogenesis inhibition and infectivity assays were performed for the most active compound, followed by ultrastructural analysis of the treated amastigotes and trypomastigotes. Among the five butanolides studied, majoranolide and isoobtusilactone A were active against all forms of the parasite, with good selectivity indexes in Vero cells. Both butanolides were more active than the control drug against trypomastigote and epimastigote forms and also had a synergic effect on amastigotes. The most active compound, isoobtusilactone A, which showed activity against all tested strains inhibited metacyclogenesis and infection of new host cells. In addition, ultrastructural analysis revealed that this butanolide caused extensive damage to the mitochondria of both amastigotes and trypomastigotes, resulting in severe morphological changes in the infective forms of the parasite. Altogether, our results highlight the potential of butanolides against the etiologic agent of Chagas disease and the relevance of isoobtusilactone A as a strong anti-T. cruzi drug, affecting different events of the life cycle and all evolutionary forms of parasite after a short period of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlio Menta de Almeida
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Biologia Molecular e Bioensaios do Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Felipe Oliveira Nunes
- Laboratório de Pesquisa de Produtos Naturais Bioativos do Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Lígia Fernanda Ceole
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Carlos Chagas (Fiocruz-Paraná), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Letícia Alves da Cruz
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Biologia Molecular e Bioensaios do Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Danilo Tófoli
- Laboratório de Pesquisa de Produtos Naturais Bioativos do Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Santana Borges
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Carlos Chagas (Fiocruz-Paraná), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Walmir Silva Garcez
- Laboratório de Pesquisa de Produtos Naturais Bioativos do Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Inês Aparecida Tozetti
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Biologia Molecular e Bioensaios do Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Rodrigues Garcez
- Laboratório de Pesquisa de Produtos Naturais Bioativos do Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Alda Maria Teixeira Ferreira
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Biologia Molecular e Bioensaios do Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
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16
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Abstract
AbstractThis systematic review investigated the evidence for the therapeutic potential of essential oils (EOs) against Leishmania amazonensis. We searched available scientific publications from 2005 to 2019 in the PubMed and Web of Science electronic databases, according to PRISMA statement. The search strategy utilized descriptors and free terms. The EOs effect of 35 species of plants identified in this systematic review study, 45.7% had half of the maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) 10 < IC50 ⩽ 50 μg mL−1 and 14.3% had a 10 < IC50μg mL−1 for promastigote forms of L. amazonensis. EOs from Cymbopogon citratus species had the lowest IC50 (1.7 μg mL−1). Among the plant species analyzed for activity against intracellular amastigote forms of L. amazonensis, 39.4% had an IC50 10 < IC50 ⩽ 50 μg mL−1, and 33.3% had an IC50 10 < IC50μg mL−1. Aloysia gratissima EO showed the lowest IC50 (0.16 μg mL−1) for intracellular amastigotes. EOs of Chenopodium ambrosioides, Copaifera martii and Carapa guianensis, administered by the oral route, were effective in reducing parasitic load and lesion volume in L. amazonensis-infected BALB/c mice. EOs of Bixa orellana and C. ambrosioides were effective when administered intraperitoneally. Most of the studies analyzed in vitro and in vivo for the risk of bias showed moderate methodological quality. These results indicate a stimulus for the development of new phytotherapy drugs for leishmaniasis treatment.
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17
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Lychnopholide in Poly(d,l-Lactide)- Block-Polyethylene Glycol Nanocapsules Cures Infection with a Drug-Resistant Trypanosoma cruzi Strain at Acute and Chronic Phases. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.01937-19. [PMID: 31988096 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01937-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease remains neglected, and current chemotherapeutics present severe limitations. Lychnopholide (LYC) at low doses loaded in polymeric poly(d,l-lactide)-block-polyethylene glycol (PLA-PEG) nanocapsules (LYC-PLA-PEG-NC) exhibits anti-Trypanosoma cruzi efficacy in mice infected with a partially drug-resistant strain. This study reports the efficacy of LYC-PLA-PEG-NC at higher doses in mice infected with a T. cruzi strain resistant to benznidazole (BZ) and nifurtimox (NF) treated at both the acute phase (AP) and the chronic phase (CP) of infection by the oral route. Mice infected with the T. cruzi VL-10 strain were treated by the oral route with free LYC (12 mg/kg of body weight/day), LYC-PLA-PEG-NC (8 or 12 mg/kg/day), or BZ at 100 mg/kg/day or were not treated (controls). Treatment efficacy was assessed by hemoculture (HC), PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), heart tissue quantitative PCR (qPCR), and histopathology. According to classical cure criteria, treatment with LYC-PLA-PEG-NC at 12 mg/kg/day cured 75% (AP) and 88% (CP) of the animals, while at a dose of 8 mg/kg/day, 43% (AP) and 43% (CP) were cured, showing dose-dependent efficacy. The negative qPCR results for heart tissue and the absence of inflammation/fibrosis agreed with the negative results obtained by HC and PCR. Thus, the mice treated with the highest dose could be considered 100% cured, in spite of a low ELISA reactivity in some animals. No cure was observed in animals treated with free LYC or BZ or the controls. These results are exceptional in terms of experimental Chagas disease chemotherapy and provide evidence of the outstanding contribution of nanotechnology in mice infected with a T. cruzi strain totally resistant to BZ and NF at both phases of infection. Therefore, LYC-PLA-PEG-NC has great potential as a new treatment for Chagas disease and deserves further investigations in clinical trials.
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18
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Woolsey ID, Valente AH, Williams AR, Thamsborg SM, Simonsen HT, Enemark HL. Anti-protozoal activity of extracts from chicory (Cichorium intybus) against Cryptosporidium parvum in cell culture. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20414. [PMID: 31892721 PMCID: PMC6938481 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56619-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptosporidium spp. are responsible for severe public health problems and livestock production losses. Treatment options are limited to only one drug available for human and bovine cryptosporidiosis, respectively, and both drugs exhibit only partial efficacy. Sesquiterpene lactones (SL) are plant bioactive compounds that function as a defence mechanism against herbivores. SL have demonstrated anti-parasitic properties against a range of parasitic taxa but knowledge about their anti-Cryptosporidium efficacy is limited. The effect of SL-rich leaf and root extracts from chicory (Cichorium intybus cv. Spadona) was investigated using human colon adenocarcinoma (HCT-8) cells infected with Cryptosporidium parvum. C. parvum oocysts were inoculated onto the cell monolayer and i) incubated for 4 hours with extracts (leaf and root extracts 300, 150, 75, 37.5, 18.75 and 9.375 μg/mL) in triplicates followed by incubation in bioactive free media (sporozoite invasion assays) or ii) incubated for 4 hours in bioactive free media followed by 48-hours incubation with extracts (growth inhibition assays). Extract toxicity on HCT-8 cells was assessed via water-soluble tetrazolium (WST)-1 assay prior to quantifying parasitic growth via immunofluorescence. Both extracts demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition in the growth inhibition assays (p = < 0.0001 for both extracts) but not in the invasion assays. Anti-parasitic activity did not appear to be solely related to SL content, with the extract with lower SL content (leaf) exhibiting higher inhibition at 300 μg/ml. However, given the limited treatment options available for Cryptosporidium spp., our study encourages further investigation into the use of chicory extracts to identify novel active compound(s) inhibiting these protozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian David Woolsey
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Department of Animal Health and Food Safety, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Angela H Valente
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Andrew R Williams
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Stig M Thamsborg
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Henrik T Simonsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Heidi L Enemark
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Department of Animal Health and Food Safety, Oslo, Norway
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19
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Moraes Neto RN, Setúbal RFB, Higino TMM, Brelaz-de-Castro MCA, da Silva LCN, Aliança ASDS. Asteraceae Plants as Sources of Compounds Against Leishmaniasis and Chagas Disease. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:477. [PMID: 31156427 PMCID: PMC6530400 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis and Chagas disease cause great impact on social and economic aspects of people living in developing countries. The treatments for these diseases are based on the same regimen for over 40 years, thus, there is an urgent need for the development of new drugs. In this scenario, Asteraceae plants (a family widely used in folk medicine worldwide) are emerging as an interesting source for new trypanocidal and leishmanicidal compounds. Herein, we provide a non-exhaustive review about the activity of plant-derived products from Asteraceae with inhibitory action toward Leishmania spp. and T. cruzi. Special attention was given to those studies aiming the isolation (or identification) of the bioactive compounds. Ferulic acid, rosmarinic acid, and ursolic acid (Baccharis uncinella DC.) were efficient to treat experimental leishmaniasis; while deoxymikanolide (Mikania micrantha) and (+)-15-hydroxy-labd-7-en-17-al (Aristeguietia glutinosa Lam.) showed in vivo anti-T. cruzi action. It is also important to highlight that several plant-derived products (compounds, essential oils) from Artemisia plants have shown high inhibitory potential against Leishmania spp., such as artemisinin and its derivatives. In summary, these compounds may help the development of new effective agents against these neglected diseases.
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20
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Henz Ryen A, Backlund A. Charting Angiosperm Chemistry: Evolutionary Perspective on Specialized Metabolites Reflected in Chemical Property Space. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:798-812. [PMID: 30912945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plants possess an outstanding chemical diversity of specialized metabolites developed to adapt to environmental niches and increase fitness. The observed diversity is hypothesized to result from various evolutionary mechanisms, such as the continuous branching off and extension of existing biosynthetic pathways or enhanced levels of catalytic promiscuity in certain enzymes. In this study, ChemGPS-NP has been employed to chart the distribution and diversity of physicochemical properties for selected types of specialized metabolites from the angiosperms. Utilizing these charts, it is analyzed how different properties of various types of specialized metabolites change in different plant groups, and the chemical diversity from the volume they occupy in chemical property space is evaluated. In this context, possible underlying evolutionary mechanisms are discussed, which could explain the observed distribution and behavior in chemical property space. Based on these studies, it is demonstrated that evolutionary processes in plant specialized metabolism and the resultant metabolic diversification are reflected in chemical property space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Henz Ryen
- Research Group for Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Uppsala University , BMC, Box 574, S-75123 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Anders Backlund
- Research Group for Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Uppsala University , BMC, Box 574, S-75123 Uppsala , Sweden
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21
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Sülsen VP, Lizarraga EF, Elso OG, Cerny N, Sanchez Alberti A, Bivona AE, Malchiodi EL, Cazorla SI, Catalán CAN. Activity of Estafietin and Analogues on Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania braziliensis. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071209. [PMID: 30925657 PMCID: PMC6479983 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sesquiterpene lactones are naturally occurring compounds mainly found in the Asteraceae family. These types of plant metabolites display a wide range of biological activities, including antiprotozoal activity and are considered interesting structures for drug discovery. Four derivatives were synthesized from estafietin (1), isolated from Stevia alpina (Asteraceae): 11βH,13-dihydroestafietin (2), epoxyestafietin (3a and 3b), 11βH,13-methoxyestafietin, (4) and 11βH,13-cianoestafietin. The antiprotozoal activity against Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania braziliensis of these compounds was evaluated. Epoxyestafietin was the most active compound against T. cruzi trypomastigotes and amastigotes (IC50 values of 18.7 and 2.0 µg/mL, respectively). Estafietin (1) and 11βH,13-dihydroestafietin (2) were the most active and selective compounds on L. braziliensis promastigotes (IC50 values of 1.0 and 1.3 μg/mL, respectively). The antiparasitic activity demonstrated by estafietin and some of its derivatives make them promising candidates for the development of effective compounds for the treatment of Chagas disease and leihsmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria P Sülsen
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Junín 956 2° floor, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina.
- Cátedra de Farmacognosia, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956 2° floor, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina.
| | - Emilio F Lizarraga
- Instituto de Fisiología Animal, Fundación Miguel Lillo and Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán T4000INI, Argentina.
| | - Orlando G Elso
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Junín 956 2° floor, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina.
- Cátedra de Farmacognosia, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956 2° floor, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina.
| | - Natacha Cerny
- CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Luján, Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES), Ruta 5 y Avenida Constitución, Luján 6700, Argentina.
| | - Andrés Sanchez Alberti
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956 4° floor, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina.
- Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), UBA-CONICET, Junín 956 4° floor, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina.
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica-CONICET (IMPaM), Facultad de Medicina, Paraguay 2155. 13° floor, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina.
| | - Augusto E Bivona
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956 4° floor, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina.
- Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), UBA-CONICET, Junín 956 4° floor, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina.
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica-CONICET (IMPaM), Facultad de Medicina, Paraguay 2155. 13° floor, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina.
| | - Emilio L Malchiodi
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956 4° floor, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina.
- Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), UBA-CONICET, Junín 956 4° floor, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina.
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica-CONICET (IMPaM), Facultad de Medicina, Paraguay 2155. 13° floor, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina.
| | - Silvia I Cazorla
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica-CONICET (IMPaM), Facultad de Medicina, Paraguay 2155. 13° floor, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina.
- CONICET-Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA), Batalla de Chacabuco 145, San Miguel de Tucumán T4000INI, Argentina.
| | - César A N Catalán
- CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Instituto de Química del Noroeste-CONICET (INQUINOA), Ayacucho 471, San Miguel de Tucumán T4000INI, Argentina.
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Puente V, Laurella LC, Spina RM, Lozano E, Martino VS, Sosa MA, Sülsen VP, Lombardo E. Primary targets of the sesquiterpene lactone deoxymikanolide on Trypanosoma cruzi. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 56:27-34. [PMID: 30668348 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deoxymikanolide is a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Mikania micrantha and M. variifolia which, has previously demonstrated in vitro activity on Trypanosoma cruzi and in vivo activity on an infected mouse model. PURPOSE Based on these promising findings, the aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of action of this compound on different parasite targets. METHODS The interaction of deoxymikanolide with hemin was examined under reducing and non- reducing conditions by measuring modifications in the Soret absorption band of hemin; the thiol interaction was determined spectrophotometrically through its reaction with 5,5'-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoate in the presence of glutathione; activity on the parasite antioxidant system was evaluated by measuring the activity of the superoxide dismutase and trypanothione reductase enzymes, together with the intracellular oxidative state by flow cytometry. Superoxide dismutase and trypanothione reductase activities were spectrophotometrically tested. Cell viability, phosphatidylserine exposure and mitochondrial membrane potential were assessed by means of propidium iodide, annexin-V and rhodamine 123 staining, respectively; sterols were qualitatively and quantitatively tested by TLC; ultrastructural changes were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. Autophagic cells were detected by staining with monodansylcadaverine. RESULTS Deoxymikanolide decreased the number of reduced thiol groups within the parasites, which led to their subsequent vulnerability to oxidative stress. Treatment of the parasites with the compound produced a depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane even though the plasma membrane permeabilization was not affected. Deoxymikanolide did not affect the intracellular redox state and so the mitochondrial dysfunction produced by this compound could not be attributed to ROS generation. The antioxidant defense system was affected by deoxymikanolide at twenty four hours of treatment, when both an increased oxidative stress and decreased activity of superoxide dismutase and trypanothione reductase (40 and 60% respectively) were observed. Both the oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction induce parasite death by apoptosis and autophagy. CONCLUSION Based on our results, deoxymikanolide would exert its anti-T cruzi activity as a strong thiol blocking agent and by producing mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Key Words
- DCF: Dichlorofluorescein
- DCIP: 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide, DTNB: 5,5′-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoate, GSH: glutathione, PBS: phosphate buffered saline, PI: propidium iodide, Rh123: rhodamine 123, ROS: reactive oxygen species, SCR: succinate cytochrome c reductase, SOD: superoxide dismutase, TryR: trypanothione reductase
- Deoxymikanolide
- H2DCFDA: 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate
- Mitochondrial dysfunction
- Oxidative stress
- Sesquiterpene lactone
- Trypanosoma cruzi
- Ultraestructural damage
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Puente
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigaciones sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura C Laurella
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Cátedra de Farmacognosia, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Junín 956 2 P (1113). Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Renata M Spina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Histología y Embriología "Dr. Mario H. Burgos", Universidad Nacional de Cuyo-CONICET, Mendoza CC 56 (5500), Argentina
| | - Esteban Lozano
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Desarrollo de Vacunas, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo, Av. Ruiz Leal s/n Parque General San Martín, Mendoza CP 5500, Argentina
| | - Virginia S Martino
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco - CONICET (IQUIMEFA), Junín 956 2 P (1113), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Miguel A Sosa
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Histología y Embriología "Dr. Mario H. Burgos", Universidad Nacional de Cuyo-CONICET, Mendoza CC 56 (5500), Argentina
| | - Valeria P Sülsen
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Cátedra de Farmacognosia, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Junín 956 2 P (1113). Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco - CONICET (IQUIMEFA), Junín 956 2 P (1113), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Elisa Lombardo
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigaciones sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Naturally occurring of α,β-diepoxy-containing compounds: origin, structures, and biological activities. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:3249-3264. [PMID: 30852659 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09711-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Diepoxy-containing compounds are widely distributed in nature. These metabolites are found in plants and marine organisms and are also produced by many microorganisms, fungi, or fungal endophytes. Many of these metabolites are antibiotics and exhibit a wide variety of biological activities. More than 80 α,β-diepoxy-containing compounds are presented in this article, which belong to different classes of chemical compounds including lipids, terpenoids, alkaloids, quinones, hydroquinones, and pyrones. The main activities that characterize α,β-diepoxy-containing compounds are antineoplastic with confidence up to 99%, antifungal with confidence up to 94%, antiinflammatory with confidence up to 92%, or antibacterial with confidence up to 78%. In addition, these metabolites can be used as a lipid metabolism regulator with a certainty of up to 81%, antiviral (Arbovirus) activity with a certainty of up to 71%, or antiallergic activity with confidence up to 69%. These data on the biological activity of diepoxy-containing compounds are of considerable interest to pharmacologists, chemists, and medical professionals who are involved in phytomedicine and related areas of science and industry.
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Acevedo CH, Scotti L, Scotti MT. In Silico Studies Designed to Select Sesquiterpene Lactones with Potential Antichagasic Activity from an In-House Asteraceae Database. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:634-645. [PMID: 29323468 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease is an endemic disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, which affects more than eight million people, mostly in the Americas. A search for new treatments is necessary to control and eliminate this disease. Sesquiterpene lactones (SLs) are an interesting group of secondary metabolites characteristic of the Asteraceae family that have presented a wide range of biological activities. From the ChEMBL database, we selected a diverse set of 4452, 1635, and 1322 structures with tested activity against the three T. cruzi parasitic forms: amastigote, trypomastigote, and epimastigote, respectively, to create random forest (RF) models with an accuracy of greater than 74 % for cross-validation and test sets. Afterward, a ligand-based virtual screen of the entire SLs of the Asteraceae database stored in SistematX (1306 structures) was performed. In addition, a structure-based virtual screen was also performed for the same set of SLs using molecular docking. Finally, using an approach combining ligand-based and structure-based virtual screening along with the equations proposed in this study to normalize the probability scores, we verified potentially active compounds and established a possible mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chonny Herrera Acevedo
- Post-Graduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, Cidade Universitária - Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Luciana Scotti
- Post-Graduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, Cidade Universitária - Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Marcus Tullius Scotti
- Post-Graduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, Cidade Universitária - Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
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