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Kopp GH, Sithaldeen R, Trede F, Grathwol F, Roos C, Zinner D. A Comprehensive Overview of Baboon Phylogenetic History. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030614. [PMID: 36980887 PMCID: PMC10048742 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Baboons (genus Papio) are an intriguing study system to investigate complex evolutionary processes and the evolution of social systems. An increasing number of studies over the last 20 years has shown that considerable incongruences exist between phylogenies based on morphology, mitochondrial, and nuclear sequence data of modern baboons, and hybridization and introgression have been suggested as the main drivers of these patterns. Baboons, therefore, present an excellent opportunity to study these phenomena and their impact on speciation. Advances both in geographic and genomic coverage provide increasing details on the complexity of the phylogeography of baboons. Here, we compile the georeferenced genetic data of baboons and review the current knowledge on baboon phylogeny, discuss the evolutionary processes that may have shaped the patterns that we observe today, and propose future avenues for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela H. Kopp
- Zukunftskolleg, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Riashna Sithaldeen
- Academic Development Programme, Centre for Higher Education and Development, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | - Franziska Trede
- Cognitive Ethology Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Franziska Grathwol
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
| | - Christian Roos
- Gene Bank of Primates and Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dietmar Zinner
- Cognitive Ethology Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Primate Cognition, Georg-August-University, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
- Leibniz-ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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2
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Santander C, Molinaro L, Mutti G, Martínez FI, Mathe J, Ferreira da Silva MJ, Caldon M, Oteo-Garcia G, Aldeias V, Archer W, Bamford M, Biro D, Bobe R, Braun DR, Hammond P, Lüdecke T, Pinto MJ, Meira Paulo L, Stalmans M, Regala FT, Bertolini F, Moltke I, Raveane A, Pagani L, Carvalho S, Capelli C. Genomic variation in baboons from central Mozambique unveils complex evolutionary relationships with other Papio species. BMC Ecol Evol 2022; 22:44. [PMID: 35410131 PMCID: PMC8996594 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-022-01999-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gorongosa National Park in Mozambique hosts a large population of baboons, numbering over 200 troops. Gorongosa baboons have been tentatively identified as part of Papio ursinus on the basis of previous limited morphological analysis and a handful of mitochondrial DNA sequences. However, a recent morphological and morphometric analysis of Gorongosa baboons pinpointed the occurrence of several traits intermediate between P. ursinus and P. cynocephalus, leaving open the possibility of past and/or ongoing gene flow in the baboon population of Gorongosa National Park. In order to investigate the evolutionary history of baboons in Gorongosa, we generated high and low coverage whole genome sequence data of Gorongosa baboons and compared it to available Papio genomes. Results We confirmed that P. ursinus is the species closest to Gorongosa baboons. However, the Gorongosa baboon genomes share more derived alleles with P. cynocephalus than P. ursinus does, but no recent gene flow between P. ursinus and P. cynocephalus was detected when available Papio genomes were analyzed. Our results, based on the analysis of autosomal, mitochondrial and Y chromosome data, suggest complex, possibly male-biased, gene flow between Gorongosa baboons and P. cynocephalus, hinting to direct or indirect contributions from baboons belonging to the “northern” Papio clade, and signal the presence of population structure within P. ursinus. Conclusions The analysis of genome data generated from baboon samples collected in central Mozambique highlighted a complex set of evolutionary relationships with other baboons. Our results provided new insights in the population dynamics that have shaped baboon diversity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12862-022-01999-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Santander
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Ludovica Molinaro
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Giacomo Mutti
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Felipe I Martínez
- Escuela de Antropología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jacinto Mathe
- School of Anthropology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maria Joana Ferreira da Silva
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal.,CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal.,ONE - Organisms and Environment Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Cardiff, UK
| | - Matteo Caldon
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Gonzalo Oteo-Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Vera Aldeias
- Interdisciplinary Center for Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behavior (ICArEHB), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Will Archer
- Department of Archaeology, National Museum, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Marion Bamford
- Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Dora Biro
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - René Bobe
- School of Anthropology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Gorongosa National Park, Sofala, Mozambique
| | - David R Braun
- Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, George Washington University, Washington, USA
| | | | - Tina Lüdecke
- School of Anthropology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Emmy Noether Group for Hominin Meat Consumption, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Maria José Pinto
- AESDA - Associação de Estudos Subterrâneos e Defesa do Ambiente, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luis Meira Paulo
- AESDA - Associação de Estudos Subterrâneos e Defesa do Ambiente, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marc Stalmans
- Department of Scientific Services, Gorongosa National Park, Chitengo, Sofala Province, Mozambique
| | - Frederico Tátá Regala
- Interdisciplinary Center for Archaeology and Evolution of Human Behavior (ICArEHB), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Francesco Bertolini
- Laboratory of Hematology-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Ida Moltke
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alessandro Raveane
- Laboratory of Hematology-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Pagani
- Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Susana Carvalho
- School of Anthropology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. .,Gorongosa National Park, Sofala, Mozambique.
| | - Cristian Capelli
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. .,Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
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3
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Palmer A, Sommer V, Msindai JN. Hybrid apes in the Anthropocene: Burden or asset for conservation? PEOPLE AND NATURE 2021; 3:573-586. [PMID: 34805779 PMCID: PMC8581989 DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Conservationists often view hybrid animals as problematic, at least if anthropogenic influence caused the intermixing to occur. However, critics propose that humans should respect non-human autonomy, reject and accept the creatures they have helped to create.Based on two case studies of our own ethological, genetic and ethnographic research about chimpanzee and orangutan subspecies hybrids, we assess what, if anything, should be done about such animals. We consider problems posed by cross-bred apes relating to: (a) Breeding-Do hybrids really experience reduced reproductive success? How are population-level concerns and welfare of individual animals balanced in conservation breeding? (b) Essentialism-Are anti-hybrid arguments based on essentialist or purist thinking? Does essentialism vary by conservation context? (c) Pragmatism-How do socio-economic circumstances influence whether hybrids are embraced or ignored? Does the erosion of 'untouched nature' render hybrids more important?We show that answers to these questions are complex and context-specific, and that therefore decisions should be made on a case-by-case basis. For example, we find that anti-hybrid arguments are essentialist in some cases (e.g. ape management in zoos) but not in others (e.g. ape reintroduction). Thus, rather than present recommendations, we conclude by posing nine questions that conservationists should ask themselves when making decisions about taxonomic hybrids. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Palmer
- School of Geography and the EnvironmentUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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4
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Elton S, Dunn J. Baboon biogeography, divergence, and evolution: Morphological and paleoecological perspectives. J Hum Evol 2020; 145:102799. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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Mathieson I, Abascal F, Vinner L, Skoglund P, Pomilla C, Mitchell P, Arthur C, Gurdasani D, Willerslev E, Sandhu MS, Dewar G. An Ancient Baboon Genome Demonstrates Long-Term Population Continuity in Southern Africa. Genome Biol Evol 2020; 12:407-412. [PMID: 32022848 PMCID: PMC7197492 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evaa019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Baboons are one of the most abundant large nonhuman primates and are widely studied in biomedical, behavioral, and anthropological research. Despite this, our knowledge of their evolutionary and demographic history remains incomplete. Here, we report a 0.9-fold coverage genome sequence from a 5800-year-old baboon from the site of Ha Makotoko in Lesotho. The ancient baboon is closely related to present-day Papio ursinus individuals from southern Africa-indicating a high degree of continuity in the southern African baboon population. This level of population continuity is rare in recent human populations but may provide a good model for the evolution of Homo and other large primates over similar timespans in structured populations throughout Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain Mathieson
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | | | - Lasse Vinner
- Centre for GeoGenetics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Cristina Pomilla
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Omnigen Biodata Ltd., Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Mitchell
- School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein, South Africa
| | - Charles Arthur
- School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Deepti Gurdasani
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary’s University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Eske Willerslev
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Centre for GeoGenetics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
- The Danish Institute for Advanced Study, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Manj S Sandhu
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Genevieve Dewar
- School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein, South Africa
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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6
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Ackermann RR, Arnold ML, Baiz MD, Cahill JA, Cortés-Ortiz L, Evans BJ, Grant BR, Grant PR, Hallgrimsson B, Humphreys RA, Jolly CJ, Malukiewicz J, Percival CJ, Ritzman TB, Roos C, Roseman CC, Schroeder L, Smith FH, Warren KA, Wayne RK, Zinner D. Hybridization in human evolution: Insights from other organisms. Evol Anthropol 2019; 28:189-209. [PMID: 31222847 PMCID: PMC6980311 DOI: 10.1002/evan.21787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
During the late Pleistocene, isolated lineages of hominins exchanged genes thus influencing genomic variation in humans in both the past and present. However, the dynamics of this genetic exchange and associated phenotypic consequences through time remain poorly understood. Gene exchange across divergent lineages can result in myriad outcomes arising from these dynamics and the environmental conditions under which it occurs. Here we draw from our collective research across various organisms, illustrating some of the ways in which gene exchange can structure genomic/phenotypic diversity within/among species. We present a range of examples relevant to questions about the evolution of hominins. These examples are not meant to be exhaustive, but rather illustrative of the diverse evolutionary causes/consequences of hybridization, highlighting potential drivers of human evolution in the context of hybridization including: influences on adaptive evolution, climate change, developmental systems, sex-differences in behavior, Haldane's rule and the large X-effect, and transgressive phenotypic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca R. Ackermann
- Department of Archaeology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
- Human Evolution Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | | | - Marcella D. Baiz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - James A. Cahill
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California
| | - Liliana Cortés-Ortiz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ben J. Evans
- Biology Department, Life Sciences Building, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - B. Rosemary Grant
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Peter R. Grant
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Benedikt Hallgrimsson
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy and the Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Robyn A. Humphreys
- Department of Archaeology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
- Human Evolution Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Clifford J. Jolly
- Center for the Study of Human Origins, Department of Anthropology, New York University, and NYCEP, New York, New York
| | - Joanna Malukiewicz
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
- Federal University of Vicosa, Department of Animal Biology, Brazil
| | - Christopher J. Percival
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy and the Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University, New York
| | - Terrence B. Ritzman
- Department of Archaeology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
- Human Evolution Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Anthropology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Christian Roos
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center (DPZ), Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Charles C. Roseman
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Lauren Schroeder
- Human Evolution Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Canada
| | - Fred H. Smith
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois
| | - Kerryn A. Warren
- Department of Archaeology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
- Human Evolution Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | | | - Dietmar Zinner
- Cognitive Ethology Laboratory, German Primate Center (DPZ), Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
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7
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Cortés-Ortiz L, Roos C, Zinner D. Introduction to Special Issue on Primate Hybridization and Hybrid Zones. INT J PRIMATOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-019-00076-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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8
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Zinner D, Chuma IS, Knauf S, Roos C. Inverted intergeneric introgression between critically endangered kipunjis and yellow baboons in two disjunct populations. Biol Lett 2018; 14:rsbl.2017.0729. [PMID: 29343565 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2017.0729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intergeneric hybridization and introgression was reported from one of two populations of the recently discovered kipunji (Rungwecebus kipunji), a critically endangered African monkey species of southern Tanzania. Kipunjis of the introgressed population (from Mount Rungwe) carry a mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotype closely related to those of parapatric yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus), whereas the second kipunji population, in the Udzungwa Mountains, carries the original kipunji mtDNA haplotypes, which diverged from the baboon lineage about 3 million years ago. Interestingly, in our study of yellow baboons in Tanzania, we found that baboons from the southeastern boundary of the Udzungwa Mountains carry mtDNA haplotypes closely related to the original kipunji haplotype, whereas baboons from the northern boundary, as expected, carry mtDNA haplotypes of the northern yellow baboon clade. These findings provide evidence for a case of inverted intergeneric admixture in primates: (i) a baboon mtDNA haplotype introgressed the Mount Rungwe kipunji population by mitochondrial capture and (ii) an Udzungwa Mountains kipunji mtDNA haplotype introgressed a small subpopulation of yellow baboons by either mitochondrial capture or nuclear swamping. The baboon-kipunji example therefore constitutes an interesting system for further studies of the effects of genetic admixture on fitness and speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Zinner
- Cognitive Ethology Laboratory, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Idrissa S Chuma
- Work Group Neglected Tropical Diseases, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany.,Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany.,Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Sascha Knauf
- Work Group Neglected Tropical Diseases, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Roos
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
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9
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Pugh KD, Gilbert CC. Phylogenetic relationships of living and fossil African papionins: Combined evidence from morphology and molecules. J Hum Evol 2018; 123:35-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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11
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Evolution of the modern baboon (Papio hamadryas): A reassessment of the African Plio-Pleistocene record. J Hum Evol 2018; 122:38-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Detwiler KM. Mitochondrial DNA Analyses of Cercopithecus Monkeys Reveal a Localized Hybrid Origin for C. mitis doggetti in Gombe National Park, Tanzania. INT J PRIMATOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-018-0029-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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13
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Fuchs AJ, Gilbert CC, Kamilar JM. Ecological niche modeling of the genus Papio. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 166:812-823. [PMID: 29607482 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ecological niche modeling (ENM) has been used to assess how abiotic variables influence species distributions and diversity. Baboons are broadly distributed throughout Africa, yet the degree of climatic specialization is largely unexplored for individual taxa. Also, the influence of climate on baboon phylogenetic divergence is unknown. In this study, we constructed ENMs to investigate how niches vary across Papio species to understand how climatic variables have influenced their biogeography and mode of speciation. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used Maxent to generate ENMs by collating locality data for six Papio species and climate information from WorldClim. In addition, we examined the degree of niche overlap among all possible pairs of taxa, which can provide insight into patterns of species diversity. Lastly, we conducted a Mantel test to assess the relationship between niche overlap and estimated time since divergence. RESULTS Our models performed moderately to extremely well, with a mean area under the curve value of 0.868. The species with the best models include P. papio and P. kindae, whereas P. hamadryas had the poorest models. We found that most species pairs exhibited significantly different niches. Lastly, we found no significant correlation between niche overlap and divergence times. DISCUSSION Niche models had good predictive power, which indicates Papio species distributions are correlated with climatic variables to varying degrees. Significantly little niche overlap and incomplete geographic boundaries suggests these models generally support a parapatric speciation scenario for the genus Papio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Fuchs
- Department of Anthropology, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10065.,Department of Anthropology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Christopher C Gilbert
- Department of Anthropology, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10065.,PhD Program in Anthropology, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016.,New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York, New York 10016
| | - Jason M Kamilar
- Department of Anthropology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003.,Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
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14
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Fan Z, Zhou A, Osada N, Yu J, Jiang J, Li P, Du L, Niu L, Deng J, Xu H, Xing J, Yue B, Li J. Ancient hybridization and admixture in macaques (genus Macaca) inferred from whole genome sequences. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 127:376-386. [PMID: 29614345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionary history of the stump-tailed macaque (Macaca arctoides) and its genetic relationship to other macaques is a subject of continuing controversy. Here, we have reported the first genome sequences of two stump-tailed macaques and one Assamese macaque (M. assamensis). Additionally, we have investigated the genetic diversity between macaque species and analyzed ancient hybridization events. Genome-wide analyses demonstrated that the stump-tailed macaque is more closely related to sinica species than to fascicularis/mulatta species. This topology contradicts the mitochondrial sequence-based phylogeny that places the stump-tailed macaque into the fascicularis/mulatta group. However, our results further show that stump-tailed macaques have genetic backgrounds distinct from sinica species, and present evidence of gene flows with rhesus macaques. We suggest that an ancient introgression occurred after stump-tailed macaques diverged from sinica species. The distinct gene flow between proto-arctoides and proto-mulatta resulted in the transfer of rhesus macaque-type mitochondria into proto-arctoides. The rhesus macaque-type mitochondria remained in populations because of genetic drift during the bottleneck. The PSMC results and morphological and geographic evidence are consistent with the mitochondria capture pattern in the stump-tailed macaque. The molecular clock estimates suggest that the mitochondrial transference into stump-tailed macaques occurred 0.4-1.4 million years ago. Furthermore, we detected extensive admixtures between different macaque species, indicating that gene flow has played an important role in the evolutionary history of the genus Macaca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Anbo Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Naoki Osada
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0814, Japan
| | - Jianqiu Yu
- Chengdu Zoo, Institute of Chengdu Wildlife, Chengdu 610081, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianming Du
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Niu
- Chengdu Zoo, Institute of Chengdu Wildlife, Chengdu 610081, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiabo Deng
- Chengdu Zoo, Institute of Chengdu Wildlife, Chengdu 610081, People's Republic of China
| | - Huailiang Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinchuan Xing
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Bisong Yue
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Abstract
Since the time of Darwin (1859) and Wallace (1869), islands have been regarded by scientists as a prime target for scrutinizing the forces that may influence evolution and diversification and important elements in biogeographic studies. This research aims to scrutinize whether and to what extent the composition and structure of past mammal insular faunas and their changes through time may provide sound clues for inferring the paleogeographical evolution of a region. As a case study, I critically analyzed the dynamics shown by the Plio-Pleistocene mammalian fauna of 3 Western Mediterranean insular districts, the Balearic Islands, Sardinia and Sicily, each characterized by its own peculiar paleobiogeographical evolutionary history. The revision of faunas and the critical analysis of the dispersal ability of the ancestors of island settlers have allowed hypothesizing on the time and mode of island colonization. The results obtained confirm that the early isolation of the Balearic Islands from the mainland led to the establishment of an endemic fauna since the pre-Messinian Miocene (?Astaracian European Land Mammal Age, MN7/8), and that Sardinia has definitely been isolated since the Pliocene, although dispersal events led to some faunal turnovers during the Pleistocene. In addition, the results suggest for Sicily a complex, still imperfectly disentangled history of alternate phases of complete separation and sporadic, more or less difficult connections with southern Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rita PALOMBO
- Department of Earth ScienceSapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy; CNR‐IGAG, Monterotondo (Roma)Italy
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16
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Sarmiento EE. Fossil genera and wastebasket taxa in the human lineage: in support of Tattersall. Evol Anthropol 2017; 26:267-269. [PMID: 29265655 DOI: 10.1002/evan.21556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Roos C, Liedigk R, Thinh VN, Nadler T, Zinner D. The Hybrid Origin of the Indochinese Gray Langur Trachypithecus crepusculus. INT J PRIMATOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-017-0008-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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18
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Atickem A, Stenseth NC, Drouilly M, Bock S, Roos C, Zinner D. Deep divergence among mitochondrial lineages in African jackals. ZOOL SCR 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anagaw Atickem
- Cognitive Ethology Laboratory; Primate Genetics Laboratory; German Primate Center (DPZ); Leibniz Institute for Primate Research; Göttingen Germany
- Department of Biosciences; Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES); University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Nils Chr. Stenseth
- Department of Biosciences; Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES); University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Marine Drouilly
- Department of Biological Sciences; Institute for Communities and Wildlife in Africa; University of Cape Town; Rondebosch South Africa
| | | | - Christian Roos
- Primate Genetics Laboratory; Gene Bank of Primates; German Primate Center (DPZ); Leibniz Institute for Primate Research; Göttingen Germany
| | - Dietmar Zinner
- Cognitive Ethology Laboratory; German Primate Center (DPZ); Leibniz Institute for Primate Research; Göttingen Germany
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19
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Groves CP, Cotterill FPD, Gippoliti S, Robovský J, Roos C, Taylor PJ, Zinner D. Species definitions and conservation: a review and case studies from African mammals. CONSERV GENET 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-017-0976-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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20
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Gippoliti S, Cotterill FPD, Zinner D, Groves CP. Impacts of taxonomic inertia for the conservation of African ungulate diversity: an overview. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2017; 93:115-130. [PMID: 28429851 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We review the state of African ungulate taxonomy over the last 120 years, with an emphasis on the introduction of the polytypic species concept and the discipline's general neglect since the middle of the 20th century. We single out negative consequences of 'orthodox' taxonomy, highlighting numerous cases of neglect of threatened lineages, unsound translocations that led to lineage introgression, and cases of maladaptation to local conditions including parasitic infections. Additionally, several captive breeding programmes have been hampered by chromosome rearrangements caused by involuntary lineage mixing. We advocate that specimen-based taxonomy should regain its keystone role in mammal research and conservation biology, with its scientific values augmented with genomic evidence. While integration with molecular biology, ecology and behaviour is needed for a full understanding of ungulate alpha diversity, we stress that morphological diversity has been neglected despite its tremendous practical importance for some groups of 'utilizers' such as trophy hunters, wildlife tourists and conservationists. We conclude that there is no evidence that purported 'taxonomic inflation' has adverse effects on ungulate conservation: rather, it is taxonomic inertia that has such adverse effects. We stress that sound science, founded on robust taxonomy, should underpin effective sustainable management (hunting, ranching, captive breeding and reintroduction programmes) of this unique African natural resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spartaco Gippoliti
- Società Italiana di Storia della Fauna 'G. Altobello' Viale Liegi 48, 00198, Roma, Italy
| | - Fenton P D Cotterill
- Geoecodynamics Research Hub, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - Dietmar Zinner
- Cognitive Ethology Laboratory, German Primate Center, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Colin P Groves
- School of Archaeology & Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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21
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22
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Gilbert CC, Takahashi MQ, Delson E. Cercopithecoid humeri from Taung support the distinction of major papionin clades in the South African fossil record. J Hum Evol 2016; 90:88-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
The world of primate genomics is expanding rapidly in new and exciting ways owing to lowered costs and new technologies in molecular methods and bioinformatics. The primate order is composed of 78 genera and 478 species, including human. Taxonomic inferences are complex and likely a consequence of ongoing hybridization, introgression, and reticulate evolution among closely related taxa. Recently, we applied large-scale sequencing methods and extensive taxon sampling to generate a highly resolved phylogeny that affirms, reforms, and extends previous depictions of primate speciation. The next stage of research uses this phylogeny as a foundation for investigating genome content, structure, and evolution across primates. Ongoing and future applications of a robust primate phylogeny are discussed, highlighting advancements in adaptive evolution of genes and genomes, taxonomy and conservation management of endangered species, next-generation genomic technologies, and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Pecon-Slattery
- Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702; Current Affiliation: Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Front Royal, Virginia 22630;
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Devreese L, Gilbert CC. Phylogenetic relationships within theCercocebus-Mandrillusclade as indicated by craniodental morphology: Implications for evolutionary biogeography. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2015; 158:227-241. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lieven Devreese
- Cognitive Ethology Laboratory; German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research; Goettingen D-37077 Germany
| | - Christopher C. Gilbert
- Department of Anthropology; Hunter College of the City University of New York; New York NY 10065
- PhD Program in Anthropology; Graduate Center of the City University of New York; New York NY 10016
- New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology; New York NY
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Zinner D, Keller C, Nyahongo JW, Butynski TM, Jong YAD, Pozzi L, Knauf S, Liedigk R, Roos C. Distribution of Mitochondrial Clades and Morphotypes of BaboonsPapiospp. (Primates: Cercopithecidae) in Eastern Africa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.2982/028.104.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Zinner
- Cognitive Ethology Laboratory, German Primate Center 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christina Keller
- Cognitive Ethology Laboratory, German Primate Center 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julius W. Nyahongo
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Dodoma P.O. Box 259, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Thomas M. Butynski
- Lolldaiga Hills Research Programme & Eastern Africa Primate Diversity and Conservation Program P.O. Box 149, Nanyuki, 10400, Kenya
| | - Yvonne A. de Jong
- Lolldaiga Hills Research Programme & Eastern Africa Primate Diversity and Conservation Program P.O. Box 149, Nanyuki, 10400, Kenya
| | - Luca Pozzi
- Behavioural Ecology & Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center 37077 Göttingen, Germany & Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249
| | - Sascha Knauf
- Pathology Unit, Work Group Neglected Tropical Diseases, German Primate Center 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rasmus Liedigk
- Cognitive Ethology Laboratory, German Primate Center 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Roos
- Gene Bank of Primates and Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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26
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Sithaldeen R, Ackermann RR, Bishop JM. Pleistocene aridification cycles shaped the contemporary genetic architecture of Southern African baboons. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123207. [PMID: 25970269 PMCID: PMC4430493 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Plio-Pleistocene environmental change influenced the evolutionary history of many animal lineages in Africa, highlighting key roles for both climate and tectonics in the evolution of Africa’s faunal diversity. Here, we explore diversification in the southern African chacma baboon Papio ursinus sensu lato and reveal a dominant role for increasingly arid landscapes during past glacial cycles in shaping contemporary genetic structure. Recent work on baboons (Papio spp.) supports complex lineage structuring with a dominant pulse of diversification occurring 1-2Ma, and yet the link to palaeoenvironmental change remains largely untested. Phylogeographic reconstruction based on mitochondrial DNA sequence data supports a scenario where chacma baboon populations were likely restricted to refugia during periods of regional cooling and drying through the Late Pleistocene. The two lineages of chacma baboon, ursinus and griseipes, are strongly geographically structured, and demographic reconstruction together with spatial analysis of genetic variation point to possible climate-driven isolating events where baboons may have retreated to more optimum conditions during cooler, drier periods. Our analysis highlights a period of continuous population growth beginning in the Middle to Late Pleistocene in both the ursinus and the PG2 griseipes lineages. All three clades identified in the study then enter a state of declining population size (Nef) through to the Holocene; this is particularly marked in the last 20,000 years, most likely coincident with the Last Glacial Maximum. The pattern recovered here conforms to expectations based on the dynamic regional climate trends in southern Africa through the Pleistocene and provides further support for complex patterns of diversification in the region’s biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riashna Sithaldeen
- Department of Archaeology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Rebecca Rogers Ackermann
- Department of Archaeology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Jacqueline M. Bishop
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- * E-mail:
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Liedigk R, Roos C, Brameier M, Zinner D. Mitogenomics of the Old World monkey tribe Papionini. BMC Evol Biol 2014; 14:176. [PMID: 25209564 PMCID: PMC4169223 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-014-0176-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The evolutionary history of the Old World monkey tribe Papionini comprising the genera Macaca, Mandrillus, Cercocebus, Lophocebus, Theropithecus, Rungwecebus and Papio is still matter of debate. Although the African Papionini (subtribe Papionina) are generally considered to be the sister lineage to the Asian Papionini (subtribe Macacina), previous studies based on morphological data, nuclear or mitochondrial sequences have shown contradictory phylogenetic relationships among and within both subtribes. To further elucidate the phylogenetic relationships among papionins and to estimate divergence ages we generated mitochondrial genome data and combined them with previously published sequences. Results Our mitochondrial gene tree comprises 33 papionins representing all genera of the tribe except Rungwecebus. In contrast to most previous studies, the obtained phylogeny suggests a division of the Papionini into three main mitochondrial clades with similar ages: 1) Papio, Theropithecus, Lophocebus; 2) Mandrillus, Cercocebus; and 3) Macaca; the Mandrillus + Cercocebus clade appears to be more closely related to Macaca than to the other African Papionini. Further, we find paraphyletic relationships within the Mandrillus + Cercocebus clade as well as in Papio. Relationships among Theropithecus, Lophocebus and Papio remain unresolved. Divergence ages reveal initial splits within the three mitochondrial clades around the Miocene/Pliocene boundary and differentiation of Macaca species groups occurred on a similar time scale as those found between genera of the subtribe Papionina. Conclusion Due to the largely well-resolved mitochondrial phylogeny, our study provides new insights into the evolutionary history of the Papionini. Results show some contradictory relationships in comparison to previous analyses, notably the paraphyly within the Cercocebus + Mandrillus clade and three instead of only two major mitochondrial clades. Divergence ages among species groups of macaques are similar to those among African Papionini genera, suggesting that diversification of the mitochondrial genome is of a similar magnitude in both subtribes. However, since our mitochondrial tree represents just a single gene tree that most likely does not reflect the true species tree, extensive nuclear sequence data is required to illuminate the true species phylogeny of papionins and to trace possible ancient hybridization events among lineages. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-014-0176-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Liedigk
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, Göttingen, 37077, Germany.
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Abstract
Since Darwin's time, the question "what a species" has provoked fierce disputes and a tremendous number of publications, from short opinion papers to thick volumes. The debates covered fundamental philosophical questions, such as: Do species exist at all independently of a human observer or are they just a construct of the human mind to categorize nature's organismic diversity and serve as a semantic tool in human communication about biodiversity? or: Are species natural kinds (classes) or individuals that are "born" by speciation, change in course of time, and finally "die" when they go extinct or diverge into new species? Also included was the problem of species as taxa (taxonomic) versus species as products of the speciation process (evolutionary). More pragmatic issues arose, such as: How can we reliably delineate and delimitate species? The great interest in what a species is reflects the importance of "species" as fundamental units in most fields of biology, especially evolutionary biology, ecology, and conservation.
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Guevara EE, Steiper ME. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the Papionina using concatenation and species tree methods. J Hum Evol 2013; 66:18-28. [PMID: 24161610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The Papionina is a geographically widespread subtribe of African cercopithecid monkeys whose evolutionary history is of particular interest to anthropologists. The phylogenetic relationships among arboreal mangabeys (Lophocebus), baboons (Papio), and geladas (Theropithecus) remain unresolved. Molecular phylogenetic analyses have revealed marked gene tree incongruence for these taxa, and several recent concatenated phylogenetic analyses of multilocus datasets have supported different phylogenetic hypotheses. To address this issue, we investigated the phylogeny of the Lophocebus + Papio + Theropithecus group using concatenation methods, as well as alternative methods that incorporate gene tree heterogeneity to estimate a 'species tree.' Our compiled DNA sequence dataset was ∼56 kb pairs long and included 57 independent partitions. All analyses of concatenated alignments strongly supported a Lophocebus + Papio clade and a basal position for Theropithecus. The Bayesian concordance analysis supported the same phylogeny. A coalescent-based Bayesian method resulted in a very poorly resolved species tree. The topological agreement between concatenation and the Bayesian concordance analysis offers considerable support for a Lophocebus + Papio clade as the dominant relationship across the genome. However, the results of the Bayesian concordance analysis indicate that almost half the genome has an alternative history. As such, our results offer a well-supported phylogenetic hypothesis for the Papio/Lophocebus/Theropithecus trichotomy, while at the same time providing evidence for a complex evolutionary history that likely includes hybridization among lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine E Guevara
- Department of Anthropology, Hunter College, City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Michael E Steiper
- Department of Anthropology, Hunter College, City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Program in Anthropology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA; Program in Biology, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA; New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology (NYCEP), New York, NY, USA.
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31
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Gilbert CC. Cladistic analysis of extant and fossil African papionins using craniodental data. J Hum Evol 2013; 64:399-433. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Haus T, Akom E, Agwanda B, Hofreiter M, Roos C, Zinner D. Mitochondrial diversity and distribution of African green monkeys (chlorocebus gray, 1870). Am J Primatol 2013; 75:350-60. [PMID: 23307319 PMCID: PMC3613741 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
African green monkeys (Chlorocebus) represent a widely distributed and morphologically diverse primate genus in sub-Saharan Africa. Little attention has been paid to their genetic diversity and phylogeny. Based on morphological data, six species are currently recognized, but their taxonomy remains disputed. Here, we aim to characterize the mitochondrial (mt) DNA diversity, biogeography and phylogeny of African green monkeys. We analyzed the complete mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of 126 samples using feces from wild individuals and material from zoo and museum specimens with clear geographical provenance, including several type specimens. We found evidence for nine major mtDNA clades that reflect geographic distributions rather than taxa, implying that the mtDNA diversity of African green monkeys does not conform to existing taxonomic classifications. Phylogenetic relationships among clades could not be resolved suggesting a rapid early divergence of lineages. Several discordances between mtDNA and phenotype indicate that hybridization may have occurred in contact zones among species, including the threatened Bale monkey (Chlorocebus djamdjamensis). Our results provide both valuable data on African green monkeys' genetic diversity and evolution and a basis for further molecular studies on this genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Haus
- Cognitive Ethology Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, Goettingen, Germany.
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Springer MS, Meredith RW, Gatesy J, Emerling CA, Park J, Rabosky DL, Stadler T, Steiner C, Ryder OA, Janečka JE, Fisher CA, Murphy WJ. Macroevolutionary dynamics and historical biogeography of primate diversification inferred from a species supermatrix. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49521. [PMID: 23166696 PMCID: PMC3500307 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Phylogenetic relationships, divergence times, and patterns of biogeographic descent among primate species are both complex and contentious. Here, we generate a robust molecular phylogeny for 70 primate genera and 367 primate species based on a concatenation of 69 nuclear gene segments and ten mitochondrial gene sequences, most of which were extracted from GenBank. Relaxed clock analyses of divergence times with 14 fossil-calibrated nodes suggest that living Primates last shared a common ancestor 71-63 Ma, and that divergences within both Strepsirrhini and Haplorhini are entirely post-Cretaceous. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction of non-avian dinosaurs played an important role in the diversification of placental mammals. Previous queries into primate historical biogeography have suggested Africa, Asia, Europe, or North America as the ancestral area of crown primates, but were based on methods that were coopted from phylogeny reconstruction. By contrast, we analyzed our molecular phylogeny with two methods that were developed explicitly for ancestral area reconstruction, and find support for the hypothesis that the most recent common ancestor of living Primates resided in Asia. Analyses of primate macroevolutionary dynamics provide support for a diversification rate increase in the late Miocene, possibly in response to elevated global mean temperatures, and are consistent with the fossil record. By contrast, diversification analyses failed to detect evidence for rate-shift changes near the Eocene-Oligocene boundary even though the fossil record provides clear evidence for a major turnover event ("Grande Coupure") at this time. Our results highlight the power and limitations of inferring diversification dynamics from molecular phylogenies, as well as the sensitivity of diversification analyses to different species concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S. Springer
- Department of Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Robert W. Meredith
- Department of Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
- Department of Biology and Molecular Biology, Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - John Gatesy
- Department of Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Christopher A. Emerling
- Department of Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Jong Park
- Department of Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Daniel L. Rabosky
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Tanja Stadler
- Institut für Integrative Biologie, Eidgenössiche Technische Hochschule Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cynthia Steiner
- San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research, San Diego Zoo Global, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Oliver A. Ryder
- San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research, San Diego Zoo Global, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Jan E. Janečka
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Colleen A. Fisher
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - William J. Murphy
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
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Liedigk R, Yang M, Jablonski NG, Momberg F, Geissmann T, Lwin N, Hla TH, Liu Z, Wong B, Ming L, Yongcheng L, Zhang YP, Nadler T, Zinner D, Roos C. Evolutionary history of the odd-nosed monkeys and the phylogenetic position of the newly described Myanmar snub-nosed monkey Rhinopithecus strykeri. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37418. [PMID: 22616004 PMCID: PMC3353941 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Odd-nosed monkeys represent one of the two major groups of Asian colobines. Our knowledge about this primate group is still limited as it is highlighted by the recent discovery of a new species in Northern Myanmar. Although a common origin of the group is now widely accepted, the phylogenetic relationships among its genera and species, and the biogeographic processes leading to their current distribution are largely unknown. To address these issues, we have analyzed complete mitochondrial genomes and 12 nuclear loci, including one X chromosomal, six Y chromosomal and five autosomal loci, from all ten odd-nosed monkey species. The gene tree topologies and divergence age estimates derived from different markers were highly similar, but differed in placing various species or haplogroups within the genera Rhinopithecus and Pygathrix. Based on our data, Rhinopithecus represent the most basal lineage, and Nasalis and Simias form closely related sister taxa, suggesting a Northern origin of odd-nosed monkeys and a later invasion into Indochina and Sundaland. According to our divergence age estimates, the lineages leading to the genera Rhinopithecus, Pygathrix and Nasalis+Simias originated in the late Miocene, while differentiation events within these genera and also the split between Nasalis and Simias occurred in the Pleistocene. Observed gene tree discordances between mitochondrial and nuclear datasets, and paraphylies in the mitochondrial dataset for some species of the genera Rhinopithecus and Pygathrix suggest secondary gene flow after the taxa initially diverged. Most likely such events were triggered by dramatic changes in geology and climate within the region. Overall, our study provides the most comprehensive view on odd-nosed monkey evolution and emphasizes that data from differentially inherited markers are crucial to better understand evolutionary relationships and to trace secondary gene flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Liedigk
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mouyu Yang
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
- Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve, Jiangkou, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Nina G. Jablonski
- Department of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Frank Momberg
- Fauna and Flora International (FFI), Myanmar Programme, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Thomas Geissmann
- Anthropological Institute, University Zürich-Irchel, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ngwe Lwin
- Biodiversity and Nature Conservation Association (BANCA), Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Tony Htin Hla
- Biodiversity and Nature Conservation Association (BANCA), Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Zhijin Liu
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bruce Wong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Ming
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Ya-Ping Zhang
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Tilo Nadler
- Frankfurt Zoological Society, Endangered Primate Rescue Center, Cuc Phuong National Park, Ninh Binh Province, Vietnam
| | - Dietmar Zinner
- Cognitive Ethology Laboratory, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Roos
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
- Gene Bank of Primates, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Zinner D, Arnold ML, Roos C. The strange blood: natural hybridization in primates. Evol Anthropol 2012; 20:96-103. [PMID: 22034167 DOI: 10.1002/evan.20301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hybridization between two closely related species is a natural evolutionary process that results in an admixture of previously isolated gene pools. The exchange of genes between species may accelerate adaptation and lead to the formation of new lineages. Hybridization can be regarded as one important evolutionary mechanism driving speciation processes. Although recent studies have highlighted the taxonomic breadth of natural hybridization in the primate order, information about primate hybridization is still limited compared to that about the hybridization of fish, birds, or other mammals. In primates, hybridization has occurred mainly between subspecies and species, but has also been detected between genera and even in the human lineage. Here we provide an overview of cases of natural hybridization in all major primate radiations. Our review emphasizes a phylogenetic approach. We use the data presented to discuss the impact of hybridization on taxonomy and conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Zinner
- Ceognitive Ethology Laboratory, German Primate Center, University of Göttingen, Germany.
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Postnatal Cranial Development in Papionin Primates: An Alternative Model for Hominin Evolutionary Development. Evol Biol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-011-9153-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Gilbert CC, Stanley WT, Olson LE, Davenport TR, Sargis EJ. Morphological systematics of the kipunji (Rungwecebus kipunji) and the ontogenetic development of phylogenetically informative characters in the Papionini. J Hum Evol 2011; 60:731-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2011.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2010] [Revised: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Roos C, Zinner D, Kubatko LS, Schwarz C, Yang M, Meyer D, Nash SD, Xing J, Batzer MA, Brameier M, Leendertz FH, Ziegler T, Perwitasari-Farajallah D, Nadler T, Walter L, Osterholz M. Nuclear versus mitochondrial DNA: evidence for hybridization in colobine monkeys. BMC Evol Biol 2011; 11:77. [PMID: 21435245 PMCID: PMC3068967 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-11-77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colobine monkeys constitute a diverse group of primates with major radiations in Africa and Asia. However, phylogenetic relationships among genera are under debate, and recent molecular studies with incomplete taxon-sampling revealed discordant gene trees. To solve the evolutionary history of colobine genera and to determine causes for possible gene tree incongruences, we combined presence/absence analysis of mobile elements with autosomal, X chromosomal, Y chromosomal and mitochondrial sequence data from all recognized colobine genera. RESULTS Gene tree topologies and divergence age estimates derived from different markers were similar, but differed in placing Piliocolobus/Procolobus and langur genera among colobines. Although insufficient data, homoplasy and incomplete lineage sorting might all have contributed to the discordance among gene trees, hybridization is favored as the main cause of the observed discordance. We propose that African colobines are paraphyletic, but might later have experienced female introgression from Piliocolobus/Procolobus into Colobus. In the late Miocene, colobines invaded Eurasia and diversified into several lineages. Among Asian colobines, Semnopithecus diverged first, indicating langur paraphyly. However, unidirectional gene flow from Semnopithecus into Trachypithecus via male introgression followed by nuclear swamping might have occurred until the earliest Pleistocene. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our study provides the most comprehensive view on colobine evolution to date and emphasizes that analyses of various molecular markers, such as mobile elements and sequence data from multiple loci, are crucial to better understand evolutionary relationships and to trace hybridization events. Our results also suggest that sex-specific dispersal patterns, promoted by a respective social organization of the species involved, can result in different hybridization scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Roos
- Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Göttingen, Germany.
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Comparing chromosomal and mitochondrial phylogenies of the Indriidae (Primates, Lemuriformes). Chromosome Res 2011; 19:209-24. [PMID: 21336668 PMCID: PMC3075406 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-011-9188-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2010] [Revised: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The Malagasy primate family Indriidae comprises three genera with up to 19 species. Cytogenetic and molecular phylogenies of the Indriidae have been performed with special attention to the genus Propithecus. Comparative R-banding and FISH with human paints were applied to karyotypes of representatives of all three genera and confirmed most of the earlier R-banding results. However, additional chromosomal rearrangements were detected. A reticulated and a cladistic phylogeny, the latter including hemiplasies, have been performed. Cladistic analysis of cytogenetic data resulted in a phylogenetic tree revealing (1) monophyly of the family Indriidae, (2) monophyly of the genus Avahi, (3) sister–group relationships between Propithecus diadema and Propithecus edwardsi, and (4) the grouping of the latter with Indri indri, Propithecus verreauxi, and Propithecus tattersalli, and thus suggesting paraphyly of the genus Propithecus. A molecular phylogeny based on complete mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences of 16 species indicated some identical relationships, such as the monophyly of Avahi and the sister–group relationships of the eastern (P. diadema and P. edwardsi) to the western Propithecus species (P. verreauxi, Propithecus coquereli, and P. tattersalli). However, the main difference between the molecular and cytogenetic phylogenies consists in an early divergence of Indri in the molecular phylogeny while in the chromosomal phylogeny it is nested within Propithecus. The similarities and differences between molecular and cytogenetic phylogenies in relation to data on the species’ geographic distributions and mating systems allow us to propose a scenario of the evolution of Indriidae. Chromosomal and molecular processes alone or in combination created a reproductive barrier that was then followed by further speciation processes.
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Ackermann RR. Phenotypic traits of primate hybrids: Recognizing admixture in the fossil record. Evol Anthropol 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/evan.20288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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McGraw WS, Vick AE, Daegling DJ. Sex and age differences in the diet and ingestive behaviors of sooty mangabeys (Cercocebus atys) in the Tai forest, Ivory coast. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2010; 144:140-53. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2010] [Accepted: 08/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Keller C, Roos C, Groeneveld LF, Fischer J, Zinner D. Introgressive hybridization in southern African baboons shapes patterns of mtDNA variation. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2010; 142:125-36. [PMID: 19918986 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Species, as main evolutionary units have long been considered to be morphological entities with limited hybridization potential. The occurrence of taxa which maintain morphological distinctness despite extensive hybridization is an interesting phenomenon. To understand the evolution of these taxa, descriptions of contemporary morphological and genetic variation are essential, also to reconstruct sound phylogenies. Baboons, with their wide geographic range, variant morphotypes, and extensive hybridization offer an intriguing model for those studies. We focus on the complex situation in southern Africa that, in contrast to east Africa, has been neglected in terms of baboon hybridization history. We aim to clarify the distribution and identify possible overlapping zones between different, previously described mitochondrial (mt) DNA clades of baboons that do not match with the ranges of traditionally recognized species. On the basis of the widespread sampling and mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequencing, we constructed a phylogenetic tree that separates representatives of the two southern African baboon species, yellow and chacma baboons, into six clades: southern, northern and eastern chacmas, Kinda baboons and southern and Luangwa yellow baboons. The ranges of the chacma clades come into close contact or overlap in two regions in the Republic of South Africa and Namibia. Our phylogenetic reconstruction reveals mitochondrial paraphyly for chacma and yellow baboons, which is probably caused by introgressive hybridization and subsequent nuclear swamping, whereby males of the chacma morphotype population from the south invaded the yellow morphotype population in the north bringing their morphotype into a population that maintained its yellow baboon mtDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Keller
- Cognitive Ethology, German Primate Center, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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Natural hybridization generates mammalian lineage with species characteristics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:11447-52. [PMID: 20534512 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1000133107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Most diploid species arise from single-species ancestors. Hybrid origins of new species are uncommon (except among polyploids) and are documented infrequently in animals. Examples of natural hybridization leading to speciation in mammals are exceedingly rare. Here, we show a Caribbean species of bat (Artibeus schwartzi) has a nuclear genome derived from two nonsister but congeneric species (A. jamaicensis and A. planirostris) and a mitochondrial genome that is from a third extinct or uncharacterized congener. Artibeus schwartzi is self-sustaining, morphologically distinct, and exists in near geographic isolation of its known parent species. Island effects (i.e., area, reduced habitat variability, and geographic isolation) likely have restricted gene flow from parental species into the Caribbean populations of this hybrid lineage, thus contributing to local adaptation and isolation of this newly produced taxon. We hypothesize differential rates of the development of reproductive isolation within the genus and estimate that 2.5 million years was an insufficient amount of time for the development of postzygotic isolation among the three species that hybridized to produce A. schwartzi. Reticulated evolution thus has resulted in a genomic combination from three evolutionary lineages and a transgressive phenotype that is distinct from all other known species of Artibeus. The data herein further demonstrate the phenomenon of speciation by hybridization in mammals is possible in nature.
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Singleton M, Mcnulty KP, Frost SR, Soderberg J, Guthrie EH. Bringing Up Baby: Developmental Simulation of the Adult Cranial Morphology of Rungwecebus Kipunji. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2009; 293:388-401. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.21076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Roberts TE, Davenport TRB, Hildebrandt KBP, Jones T, Stanley WT, Sargis EJ, Olson LE. The biogeography of introgression in the critically endangered African monkey Rungwecebus kipunji. Biol Lett 2009; 6:233-7. [PMID: 19906681 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2009.0741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the four years since its original description, the taxonomy of the kipunji (Rungwecebus kipunji), a geographically restricted and critically endangered African monkey, has been the subject of much debate, and recent research suggesting that the first voucher specimen of Rungwecebus has baboon mitochondrial DNA has intensified the controversy. We show that Rungwecebus from a second region of Tanzania has a distinct mitochondrial haplotype that is basal to a clade containing all Papio species and the original Rungwecebus voucher, supporting the placement of Rungwecebus as the sister taxon of Papio and its status as a separate genus. We suggest that the Rungwecebus population in the Southern Highlands has experienced geographically localized mitochondrial DNA introgression from Papio, while the Ndundulu population retains the true Rungwecebus mitochondrial genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trina E Roberts
- Department of Mammalogy, University of Alaska Museum, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA.
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Allometry, sexual dimorphism, and phylogeny: A cladistic analysis of extant African papionins using craniodental data. J Hum Evol 2009; 57:298-320. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2009.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2008] [Revised: 05/14/2009] [Accepted: 05/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Barrett L. A guide to practical babooning: Historical, social, and cognitive contingency. Evol Anthropol 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/evan.20210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Mitochondrial phylogeography of baboons (Papio spp.): indication for introgressive hybridization? BMC Evol Biol 2009; 9:83. [PMID: 19389236 PMCID: PMC2681462 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-9-83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2008] [Accepted: 04/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Baboons of the genus Papio are distributed over wide ranges of Africa and even colonized parts of the Arabian Peninsula. Traditionally, five phenotypically distinct species are recognized, but recent molecular studies were not able to resolve their phylogenetic relationships. Moreover, these studies revealed para- and polyphyletic (hereafter paraphyletic) mitochondrial clades for baboons from eastern Africa, and it was hypothesized that introgressive hybridization might have contributed substantially to their evolutionary history. To further elucidate the phylogenetic relationships among baboons, we extended earlier studies by analysing the complete mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and the 'Brown region' from 67 specimens collected at 53 sites, which represent all species and which cover most of the baboons' range. Results Based on phylogenetic tree reconstructions seven well supported major haplogroups were detected, which reflect geographic populations and discordance between mitochondrial phylogeny and baboon morphology. Our divergence age estimates indicate an initial separation into southern and northern baboon clades 2.09 (1.54–2.71) million years ago (mya). We found deep divergences between haplogroups within several species (~2 mya, northern and southern yellow baboons, western and eastern olive baboons and northern and southern chacma baboons), but also recent divergence ages among species (< 0.7 mya, yellow, olive and hamadryas baboons in eastern Africa). Conclusion Our study confirms earlier findings for eastern Africa, but shows that baboon species from other parts of the continent are also mitochondrially paraphyletic. The phylogenetic patterns suggest a complex evolutionary history with multiple phases of isolation and reconnection of populations. Most likely all these biogeographic events were triggered by multiple cycles of expansion and retreat of savannah biomes during Pleistocene glacial and inter-glacial periods. During contact phases of populations reticulate events (i.e. introgressive hybridization) were highly likely, similar to ongoing hybridization, which is observed between East African baboon populations. Defining the extent of the introgressive hybridization will require further molecular studies that incorporate additional sampling sites and nuclear loci.
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