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Wu LH, Hill MP, Thomson LJ, Hoffmann AA. Assessing the current and future biological control potential of Trichogramma ostriniae on its hosts Ostrinia furnacalis and Ostrinia nubilalis. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:1513-1523. [PMID: 29280336 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding interactions between biocontrol agents and their pest hosts under climate change should assist implementation of biocontrol strategies, by identifying appropriate biocontrol agents for release or determining the optimal timing of releases. Species distribution models (SDMs) were applied to evaluate the distributions of Trichogramma ostriniae and its native host, Ostrinia furnacalis, in southeastern Asia, and a non-native host, Ostrinia nubilalis, in a novel range, North America, using MAXENT and CLIMEX modelling approaches. RESULTS The models led to similar predictions about the expected distribution of the two species in Asia, and emphasized likely mismatches between host and natural enemy. Trichogramma ostriniae was predicted to occur in the summer corn region of China, with distribution limits linked to its sensitivity to cold, seasonality of radiation and precipitation. The modelled Ostrinia nubilalis distribution overlapped with the main corn production areas of the northeastern USA and Canada; temporary/seasonal suitable habitat was also predicted across the southeastern USA. Climate change scenarios are predicted to favour T. ostriniae over its hosts in northeastern China and North America. CONCLUSION The modelling approaches used here proved useful for assessing environmental factors linked to an egg parasitoid and its lepidopteran hosts and identifying areas potentially suitable for inundative releases. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hsin Wu
- Department of Plant Medicine, National Pintung University of Science and Technology, Pintung, Taiwan
| | | | - Linda J Thomson
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Bio21 Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - Ary A Hoffmann
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Bio21 Institute, Parkville, Australia
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Hernandez LM, Guzman YC, Martínez-Arias A, Manzano MR, Selvaraj JJ. The bud midge Prodiplosis longifila: Damage characteristics, potential distribution and presence on a new crop host in Colombia. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:205. [PMID: 25977894 PMCID: PMC4424221 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-0987-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Dipteran Prodiplosis longifila is a severe pest, mainly of Solanaceae, in South America and some years ago it damaged Tahiti lime crops in the United States. It is a potential invasive pest. Despite its presence in Colombia, nothing is known regarding the taxonomic identification of P. longifila or the characteristics of the damage it produces. Moreover, the current and potential distributions of this pest are unknown. To determine these factors, P. longifila was sampled in several Solanaceae- and Citrus (x) latifolia (Tahiti lime)-producing areas in Colombia. The larvae consumed tender foliage, flowers and fruits in tomato, fruits in sweet pepper, and buds in Tahiti lime. P. longifila was not found in asparagus or in potatoes. Its presence in Tahiti lime was previously unknown in Colombia. Adults recovered in the laboratory were taxonomically identified using male morphological characteristics such as the shapes of the genitalia, antenna and wing. P. longifila was found in the Andean region of Colombia. The ecological niche model for populations found in tomato suggests that P. longifila is limited in its distribution by altitude and variables associated with temperature and precipitation. The highest probability of occurrence is in areas where tomato, sweet pepper and the new host, Tahiti lime, are grown. Therefore, it is necessary to implement preventive measures, such as planting tomato materials free of P. longifila larvae, in areas where the pest is not yet present but where there is the potential for its development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Hernandez
- />Departamento de Ciencias Agrícolas, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Palmira, Palmira, Valle del Cauca Colombia
- />Department of Agricultural Sciences, School of Agricultural Sciences, National University of Colombia at Palmira, Palmira, Valle del Cauca Colombia
| | - Yoan C Guzman
- />Departamento de Ciencias Agrícolas, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Palmira, Palmira, Valle del Cauca Colombia
- />Department of Agricultural Sciences, School of Agricultural Sciences, National University of Colombia at Palmira, Palmira, Valle del Cauca Colombia
| | - Adriana Martínez-Arias
- />Departamento de Ingeniería, Facultad de Ingeniería y Administración, Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Palmira, Palmira, Valle del Cauca Colombia
- />Department of Engineering, School of Engineering and Management, National University of Colombia at Palmira, Palmira, Valle del Cauca Colombia
| | - Maria R Manzano
- />Departamento de Ciencias Agrícolas, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Palmira, Palmira, Valle del Cauca Colombia
- />Department of Agricultural Sciences, School of Agricultural Sciences, National University of Colombia at Palmira, Palmira, Valle del Cauca Colombia
| | - John J Selvaraj
- />Departamento de Ingeniería, Facultad de Ingeniería y Administración, Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Palmira, Palmira, Valle del Cauca Colombia
- />Department of Engineering, School of Engineering and Management, National University of Colombia at Palmira, Palmira, Valle del Cauca Colombia
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Planas E, Saupe EE, Lima-Ribeiro MS, Peterson AT, Ribera C. Ecological niche and phylogeography elucidate complex biogeographic patterns in Loxosceles rufescens (Araneae, Sicariidae) in the Mediterranean Basin. BMC Evol Biol 2014; 14:195. [PMID: 25297820 PMCID: PMC4236462 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-014-0195-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the evolutionary history of morphologically cryptic species complexes is difficult, and made even more challenging when geographic distributions have been modified by human-mediated dispersal. This situation is common in the Mediterranean Basin where, aside from the environmental heterogeneity of the region, protracted human presence has obscured the biogeographic processes that shaped current diversity. Loxosceles rufescens (Araneae, Sicariidae) is an ideal example: native to the Mediterranean, the species has dispersed worldwide via cohabitation with humans. A previous study revealed considerable molecular diversity, suggesting cryptic species, but relationships among lineages did not correspond to geographic location. RESULTS Delimitation analyses on cytochrome c oxidase subunit I identified 11 different evolutionary lineages, presenting two contrasting phylogeographic patterns: (1) lineages with well-structured populations in Morocco and Iberia, and (2) lineages lacking geographic structure across the Mediterranean Basin. Dating analyses placed main diversification events in the Pleistocene, and multiple Pleistocene refugia, identified using ecological niche modeling (ENM), are compatible with allopatric differentiation of lineages. Human-mediated transportation appears to have complicated the current biogeography of this medically important and synanthropic spider. CONCLUSIONS We integrated ecological niche models with phylogeographic analyses to elucidate the evolutionary history of L. rufescens in the Mediterranean Basin, with emphasis on the origins of mtDNA diversity. We found support for the hypothesis that northern Africa was the center of origin for L. rufescens, and that current genetic diversity originated in allopatry, likely promoted by successive glaciations during the Pleistocene. We corroborated the scenario of multiple refugia within the Mediterranean, principally in northern Africa, combining results from eight atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs) with two different refugium-delimitation methodologies. ENM results were useful for providing general views of putative refugia, with fine-scale details depending on the level of stringency applied for agreement among models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enric Planas
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Erin E Saupe
- Department of Geology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA. .,Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA.
| | - Matheus S Lima-Ribeiro
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus Jataí, Jataí, GO, Brasil.
| | | | - Carles Ribera
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Tomanović Z, Petrović A, Mitrović M, Kavallieratos NG, Starý P, Rakhshani E, Rakhshanipour M, Popović A, Shukshuk AH, Ivanović A. Molecular and morphological variability within the Aphidius colemani group with redescription of Aphidius platensis Brethes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae). BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2014; 104:552-565. [PMID: 24813087 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485314000327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We have identified the following three taxa related to the Aphidius colemani species group, which are important biological control agents: Aphidius colemani, Aphidius transcaspicus and Aphidius platensis. Using partial sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) gene and geometric morphometric analysis of the forewing shape, we have explored the genetic structure and morphological variability of the A. colemani group from different aphid host/plant associations covering a wide distribution area. The topology of the maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood trees were identical with 98-100% bootstrap support, clustering A. colemani, A. platensis and A. transcaspicus into separate species. The distances among the taxa ranged from 2.2 to 4.7%, which is a common rate for the between-species divergence within the subfamily Aphidiinae. Differences in the shape of the forewing investigated within the biotypes of A. colemani group are congruent with their genetic diversification. Both A. platensis and A. colemani share a common host range pattern, and it would be interesting to estimate and compare the role of these two species in future biological control strategies against aphids of economic importance. Our results indicate that 'genetic screening' is a reliable approach for identification within the A. colemani group. The high variation in the wing shape among species, including a significant divergence in the wing shape among specimens that emerged from different hosts, makes the forewing shape and wing venation less reliable for species determination. Aphidius platensis is diagnostified and redescribed, and the key for the A. colemani group is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Tomanović
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology,University of Belgrade,Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade,Serbia
| | - A Petrović
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology,University of Belgrade,Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade,Serbia
| | - M Mitrović
- Department of Plant Pests,Institute for Plant Protection and Environment,Banatska 33, 11080 Zemun,Serbia
| | - N G Kavallieratos
- Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Department of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology,Benaki Phytopathological Institute,8 Stefanou Delta str., Kifissia, 14561, Attica,Greece
| | - P Starý
- Laboratory of Aphidology,Institute of Entomology,Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 37005 České Budějovice,Czech Republic
| | - E Rakhshani
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture,Zabol University,P.O.Box: 998615-538, Zabol,I.R. Iran
| | - M Rakhshanipour
- Faculty of Basic Science,University of Zabol,P.O.Box: 998615-538, Zabol,I.R.Iran
| | - A Popović
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology,University of Belgrade,Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade,Serbia
| | - A H Shukshuk
- Elmergib University Faculty of Arts and Sciences,Zliten,Libya
| | - A Ivanović
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology,University of Belgrade,Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade,Serbia
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Dupas S, le Ru B, Branca A, Faure N, Gigot G, Campagne P, Sezonlin M, Ndemah R, Ong'amo G, Calatayud PA, Silvain JF. Phylogeography in continuous space: coupling species distribution models and circuit theory to assess the effect of contiguous migration at different climatic periods on genetic differentiation inBusseola fusca(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Mol Ecol 2014; 23:2313-25. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Dupas
- Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes et Spéciation; UPR 9034; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement; UR 072; 91198 Gif sur Yvette France
- Université Paris-Sud 11; 91405 Orsay France
| | - B. le Ru
- Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes et Spéciation; UPR 9034; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement; UR 072; 91198 Gif sur Yvette France
- Université Paris-Sud 11; 91405 Orsay France
- Icipe - African Insect Science for Food and Health; PO Box 30772-00100 Nairobi Kenya
| | - A. Branca
- Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, Bâtiment 360; Université Paris-Sud; F-91405 Orsay France
| | - N. Faure
- Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes et Spéciation; UPR 9034; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement; UR 072; 91198 Gif sur Yvette France
| | - G. Gigot
- Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes et Spéciation; UPR 9034; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement; UR 072; 91198 Gif sur Yvette France
| | - P. Campagne
- Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes et Spéciation; UPR 9034; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement; UR 072; 91198 Gif sur Yvette France
| | - M. Sezonlin
- Département de Zoologie et de Génétique; Faculté des Sciences et Techniques; Université d'Abomey - Calavi; 01 BP 526 Cotonou Bénin
| | - R. Ndemah
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture; PO Box 2008 Messa Yaoundé Cameroon
| | - G. Ong'amo
- Icipe - African Insect Science for Food and Health; PO Box 30772-00100 Nairobi Kenya
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Nairobi; PO Box 30197 Nairobi Kenya
| | - P.-A. Calatayud
- Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes et Spéciation; UPR 9034; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement; UR 072; 91198 Gif sur Yvette France
- Université Paris-Sud 11; 91405 Orsay France
- Icipe - African Insect Science for Food and Health; PO Box 30772-00100 Nairobi Kenya
| | - J.-F. Silvain
- Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes et Spéciation; UPR 9034; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement; UR 072; 91198 Gif sur Yvette France
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Markolf M, Kappeler PM. Phylogeographic analysis of the true lemurs (genus Eulemur) underlines the role of river catchments for the evolution of micro-endemism in Madagascar. Front Zool 2013; 10:70. [PMID: 24228694 PMCID: PMC3835867 DOI: 10.1186/1742-9994-10-70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Due to its remarkable species diversity and micro-endemism, Madagascar has recently been suggested to serve as a biogeographic model region. However, hypothesis-based tests of various diversification mechanisms that have been proposed for the evolution of the island's micro-endemic lineages are still limited. Here, we test the fit of several diversification hypotheses with new data on the broadly distributed genus Eulemur using coalescent-based phylogeographic analyses. RESULTS Time-calibrated species tree analyses and population genetic clustering resolved the previously polytomic species relationships among eulemurs. The most recent common ancestor of eulemurs was estimated to have lived about 4.45 million years ago (mya). Divergence date estimates furthermore suggested a very recent diversification among the members of the "brown lemur complex", i.e. former subspecies of E. fulvus, during the Pleistocene (0.33-1.43 mya). Phylogeographic model comparisons of past migration rates showed significant levels of gene flow between lineages of neighboring river catchments as well as between eastern and western populations of the redfronted lemur (E. rufifrons). CONCLUSIONS Together, our results are concordant with the centers of endemism hypothesis (Wilmé et al. 2006, Science 312:1063-1065), highlight the importance of river catchments for the evolution of Madagascar's micro-endemic biota, and they underline the usefulness of testing diversification mechanisms using coalescent-based phylogeographic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Markolf
- Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center, Kellnerweg 4, Göttingen 37077, Germany.
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Wang B, Mao JF, Zhao W, Wang XR. Impact of Geography and Climate on the Genetic Differentiation of the Subtropical Pine Pinus yunnanensis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67345. [PMID: 23840668 PMCID: PMC3693954 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Southwest China is a biodiversity hotspot characterized by complex topography, heterogeneous regional climates and rich flora. The processes and driving factors underlying this hotspot remain to be explicitly tested across taxa to gain a general understanding of the evolution of biodiversity and speciation in the region. In this study, we examined the role played by historically neutral processes, geography and environment in producing the current genetic diversity of the subtropical pine Pinus yunnanensis. We used genetic and ecological methods to investigate the patterns of genetic differentiation and ecological niche divergence across the distribution range of this species. We found both continuous genetic differentiation over the majority of its range, and discrete isolated local clusters. The discrete differentiation between two genetic groups in the west and east peripheries is consistent with niche divergence and geographical isolation of these groups. In the central area of the species' range, population structure was shaped mainly by neutral processes and geography rather than by ecological selection. These results show that geographical and environmental factors together created stronger and more discrete genetic differentiation than isolation by distance alone, and illustrate the importance of ecological factors in forming or maintaining genetic divergence across a complex landscape. Our findings differ from other phylogenetic studies that identified the historical drainage system in the region as the primary factor shaping population structure, and highlight the heterogeneous contributions that geography and environment have made to genetic diversity among taxa in southwest China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baosheng Wang
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jian-Feng Mao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Forest Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory for Genetics and Breeding of Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ru Wang
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Liu H, Wang W, Song G, Qu Y, Li SH, Fjeldså J, Lei F. Interpreting the process behind endemism in China by integrating the phylogeography and ecological niche models of the Stachyridopsis ruficeps. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46761. [PMID: 23056441 PMCID: PMC3462788 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
An area of endemism (AOE) is a complex expression of the ecological and evolutionary history of a species. Here we aim to address the principal drivers of avian diversification in shaping patterns of endemism in China by integrating genetic, ecological, and distributional data on the Red-headed Tree Babbler (Stachyridopsis ruficeps), which is distributed across the eastern Himalayas and south China. We sequenced two mtDNA markers from 182 individuals representing all three of the primary AOEs in China. Phylogenetic inferences were used to reconstruct intraspecific phylogenetic relationships. Divergence time and population demography were estimated to gain insight into the evolutionary history of the species. We used Ecological niche modeling to predict species' distributions during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and in the present. Finally, we also used two quantitative tests, an identity test and background test to assess the similarity of ecological niche preferences between adjacent lineages. We found five primary reciprocally monophyletic clades, typically separated approximately 0.2-2.27 MYA, of which three were deeply isolated endemic lineages located in the three AOEs. All phylogroups were detected to have undergone population expansion during the past 0.3 MY. Niche models showed discontinuous habitats, and there were three barriers of less suitable habitat during the LGM and in modern times. Ecoclimatic niches may diverge significantly even over recent timescales, as each phylogroup had a unique distribution, and unique niche characteristics. Vicariant events associated with geographical and ecological barriers, glacial refuges and ecological differentiation may be the main drivers forming the pattern of endemism in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huatao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Song
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhua Qu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shou-Hsien Li
- Department of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jon Fjeldså
- Center of Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fumin Lei
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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9
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Dealing with vagueness in complex forest landscapes: A soft classification approach through a niche-based distribution model. ECOL INFORM 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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10
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Oberle B, Schaal BA. Responses to historical climate change identify contemporary threats to diversity in Dodecatheon. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:5655-60. [PMID: 21402919 PMCID: PMC3078354 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1012302108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic climate change may threaten many species with extinction. However, species at risk today survived global climate change in recent geological history. Describing how habitat tracking and adaptation allowed species to survive warming since the end of the Pleistocene can indicate the relative importance of dispersal and natural selection during climate change. By taking this historical perspective, we can identify how contemporary climate change could interfere with these mechanisms and threaten the most vulnerable species. We focused on a group of closely related plant species in the genus Dodecatheon (Primulaceae) in eastern North America. Two rare species (Dodecatheon amethystinum and Dodecatheon frenchii) that are endemic to patchy cool cliffs may be glacial relicts whose ranges constricted following the last glacial maximum. Alternatively, these species may be extreme ecotypes of a single widespread species (Dodecatheon meadia) that quickly adapted to microclimatic differences among habitats. We test support for these alternative scenarios by combining ecophysiological and population genetic data at a regional scale. An important ecophysiological trait distinguishes rare species from D. meadia, but only a few northern populations of D. amethystinum are genetically distinctive. These relict populations indicate that habitat tracking did occur with historical climate change. However, relatively stronger evidence for isolation by distance and admixture suggests that local adaptation and genetic introgression have been at least as important. The complex response of Dodecatheon to historical climate change suggests that contemporary conservation efforts should accommodate evolutionary processes, in some cases by restoring genetic connectivity between ecologically differentiated populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad Oberle
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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Mukherjee S, Krishnan A, Tamma K, Home C, Navya R, Joseph S, Das A, Ramakrishnan U. Ecology driving genetic variation: a comparative phylogeography of jungle cat (Felis chaus) and leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) in India. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13724. [PMID: 21060831 PMCID: PMC2966403 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comparative phylogeography links historical population processes to current/ecological processes through congruent/incongruent patterns of genetic variation among species/lineages. Despite high biodiversity, India lacks a phylogeographic paradigm due to limited comparative studies. We compared the phylogenetic patterns of Indian populations of jungle cat (Felis chaus) and leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis). Given similarities in their distribution within India, evolutionary histories, body size and habits, congruent patterns of genetic variation were expected. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We collected scats from various biogeographic zones in India and analyzed mtDNA from 55 jungle cats (460 bp NADH5, 141 bp cytochrome b) and 40 leopard cats (362 bp NADH5, 202 bp cytochrome b). Jungle cats revealed high genetic variation, relatively low population structure and demographic expansion around the mid-Pleistocene. In contrast, leopard cats revealed lower genetic variation and high population structure with a F(ST) of 0.86 between North and South Indian populations. Niche-model analyses using two approaches (BIOCLIM and MaxEnt) support absence of leopard cats from Central India, indicating a climate associated barrier. We hypothesize that high summer temperatures limit leopard cat distribution and that a rise in temperature in the peninsular region of India during the LGM caused the split in leopard cat population in India. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our results indicate that ecological variables describing a species range can predict genetic patterns. Our study has also resolved the confusion over the distribution of the leopard cat in India. The reciprocally monophyletic island population in the South mandates conservation attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shomita Mukherjee
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
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