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Yang Y, Wei C, Xiao L, Zhong Z, Li Q, Wang H, Wang W. Effects of urbanization on woody plant phylogenetic diversity and its associations with landscape features in the high latitude northern hemisphere region, Northeast China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156192. [PMID: 35618115 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Urbanization is one of the primary drivers of terrestrial modification, with marked biological homogenization worldwide but relatively poor knowledge of woody phylogenetic diversity. Here, we investigated 943 plots, about 93,000 woody plants from 130 species in Northeast China, and calculated six phylogenetic diversity indexes, and urbanization landscape metrics; the responses of phylogenetic diversity to urbanization and its coupling relationship with landscape features were explored at 25 km × 25 km, 50 km × 50 km and 75 km × 75 km grid scales. We found that urbanization had enhanced the evolutionary distinctiveness of woody plants, characterizing as increasing Faith phylogenetic diversity (FPD) and their mean pairwise distance (MPD) while decreasing the mean nearest taxon distance (MNTD); these trends were independent of landscape scales and gymnosperm inclusion or not. As indicated by increasing SesMPD (Standardized MPD), the dominant role of community assemblage changed from environmental filtering in low urbanization intensity (UI) to competitive exclusion in high UI regions. Artificial surface area (ASA) and its percentage, SHAPE_F (Shape index of forest), and PD_F (Patch density of forest) had a threshold effect on phylogenetic diversity. ASA%, GDP (gross domestic product), and population density were the most potent predictors for the variations of phylogenetic diversity, and GDP contributed the most (42.9%). A higher GDP accompanied a higher FPD, SesPD (Standardized FPD), and SesMNTD (Standardized MNTD); higher PD_F and lower SHAPE_F were associated with higher MNTD, MPD, and SesMPD. In conclusion, urbanization strongly modifies woody plant phylogenetic diversity. Identifying the threshold effects and significant factors for phylogenetic variations allows biodiversity assessment and conservation through proper landscape configuration under the urbanization context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology (MOE), College of Chemistry, Chemistry Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Chenhui Wei
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Lu Xiao
- Urban Forests and Wetland Group, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Zhaoliang Zhong
- College of Resources & Environment, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology (MOE), College of Chemistry, Chemistry Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Huimei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology (MOE), College of Chemistry, Chemistry Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology (MOE), College of Chemistry, Chemistry Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Urban Forests and Wetland Group, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Changchun 130102, China.
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2
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Benítez-Malvido J, Álvarez-Añorve MY, Ávila-Cabadilla LD, González-Di Pierro AM, Zermeño-Hernández I, Méndez-Toribio M, González-Rodríguez A, Lombera R. Phylogenetic and functional structure of tree communities at different life stages in tropical rain forest fragments. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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3
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Mohammed S, Alsafadi K, Enaruvbe GO, Bashir B, Elbeltagi A, Széles A, Alsalman A, Harsanyi E. Assessing the impacts of agricultural drought (SPI/SPEI) on maize and wheat yields across Hungary. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8838. [PMID: 35614172 PMCID: PMC9132936 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12799-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the physical properties of agricultural drought (i.e., intensity, duration, and severity) in Hungary from 1961 to 2010 based on the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). The study analyzed the interaction between drought and crop yield for maize and wheat using standardized yield residual series (SYRS), and the crop-drought resilient factor (CDRF). The results of both SPI and SPEI (-3, -6) showed that the western part of Hungary has significantly more prone to agricultural drought than the eastern part of the country. Drought frequency analysis reveals that the eastern, northern, and central parts of Hungary were the most affected regions. Drought analysis also showed that drought was particularly severe in Hungary during 1970–1973, 1990–1995, 2000–2003, and 2007. The yield of maize was more adversely affected than wheat especially in the western and southern regions of Hungary (1961–2010). In general, maize and wheat yields were severely non-resilient (CDRF < 0.8) in the central and western part of the country. The results suggest that drought events are a threat to the attainment of the second Sustainable Development Goals (SDG-2). Therefore, to ensure food security in Hungary and in other parts of the world, drought resistant crop varieties need to be developed to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change on agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safwan Mohammed
- Institute of Land Use, Engineering and Precision Farming Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi 138, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary. .,Institutes for Agricultural Research and Educational Farm, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi 138, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Karam Alsafadi
- School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Glory O Enaruvbe
- African Regional Institute for Geospatial Information Science and Technology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, 220282, Nigeria
| | - Bashar Bashir
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Elbeltagi
- Agricultural Engineering Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Adrienn Széles
- Institute of Land Use, Engineering and Precision Farming Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi 138, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Abdullah Alsalman
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh, 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Endre Harsanyi
- Institute of Land Use, Engineering and Precision Farming Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi 138, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary.,Institutes for Agricultural Research and Educational Farm, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi 138, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
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Peterson K, Ruffley M, Parent CE. Phylogenetic diversity and community assembly in a naturally fragmented system. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:18066-18080. [PMID: 35003658 PMCID: PMC8717291 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We sought to assess effects of fragmentation and quantify the contribution of ecological processes to community assembly by measuring species richness, phylogenetic, and phenotypic diversity of species found in local and regional plant communities. Specifically, our fragmented system is Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve, Idaho, USA. CRMO is characterized by vegetated islands, kipukas, that are isolated in a matrix of lava. We used floristic surveys of vascular plants in 19 kipukas to create a local species list to compare traditional dispersion metrics, mean pairwise distance, and mean nearest taxon distance (MPD and MNTD), to a regional species list with phenotypic and phylogenetic data. We combined phylogenetic and functional trait data in a novel machine-learning model selection approach, Community Assembly Model Inference (CAMI), to infer probability associated with different models of community assembly given the data. Finally, we used linear regression to explore whether the geography of kipukas explained estimated support for community assembly models. Using traditional metrics of MPD and MNTD neutral processes received the most support when comparing kipuka species to regional species. Individually no kipukas showed significant support for overdispersion. Rather, five kipukas showed significant support for phylogenetic clustering using MPD and two kipukas using MNTD. Using CAMI, we inferred neutral and filtering models structured the kipuka plant community for our trait of interest. Finally, we found as species richness in kipukas increases, model support for competition decreases and lower elevation kipukas show more support for habitat filtering models. While traditional phylogenetic community approaches suggest neutral assembly dynamics, recently developed approaches utilizing machine learning and model choice revealed joint influences of assembly processes to form the kipuka plant communities. Understanding ecological processes at play in naturally fragmented systems will aid in guiding our understanding of how fragmentation impacts future changes in landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Peterson
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of IdahoMoscowIdahoUSA
| | - Megan Ruffley
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of IdahoMoscowIdahoUSA
- Department of Plant BiologyCarnegie Institution for ScienceStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Christine E. Parent
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of IdahoMoscowIdahoUSA
- Institute for Interdisiplinary Data SciencesUniversity of IdahoMoscowIdahoUSA
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5
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Razafindratsima OH, Raoelinjanakolona NN, Heriniaina RR, Nantenaina RH, Ratolojanahary TH, Dunham AE. Simplified Communities of Seed-Dispersers Limit the Composition and Flow of Seeds in Edge Habitats. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.655441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Edge effects, driven by human modification of landscapes, can have critical impacts on ecological processes such as species interactions, with cascading impacts on biodiversity as a whole. Characterizing how edges affect vital biotic interactions such as seed dispersal by frugivores is important for better understanding potential mechanisms that drive species coexistence and diversity within a plant community. Here, we investigated how differences between frugivore communities at the forest edge and interior habitats of a diverse tropical rainforest relate to patterns of animal-mediated seed dispersal and early seedling recruitment. We found that the lemur communities across the forest edge-interior gradient in this system showed the highest species richness and variability in body sizes at intermediate distances; the community of birds showed the opposite pattern for species richness. Three large-bodied frugivores, known to be effective dispersers of large seeds, tended to avoid the forest edge. As result, the forest edges received a lower rate of animal-mediated seed dispersal compared to the interior habitats. In addition, we also found that the seeds that were actively dispersed by animals in forest edge habitats were smaller in size than seeds dispersed in the forest interior. This pattern was found despite a similarity in seed size of seasonally fruiting adult trees and shrubs between the two habitats. Despite these differences in dispersal patterns, we did not observe any differences in the rates of seedling recruitment or seed-size distribution of successful recruit species. Our results suggest that a small number of frugivores may act as a potential biotic filter, acting on seed size, for the arrival of certain plant species to edge habitats, but other factors may be more important for driving recruitment patterns, at least in the short term. Further research is needed to better understand the potential long-term impacts of altered dispersal regimes relative to other environmental factors on the successional dynamics of edge communities. Our findings are important for understanding potential ecological drivers of tree community changes in forest edges and have implications for conservation management and restoration of large-seeded tree species in disturbed habitats.
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de Paiva Farias R, da Costa LEN, Santiago ACP, dos Santos VM. The diversity of foliicolous lichens on ferns in two Brazilian tropical forests. Symbiosis 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-021-00775-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Carvalho RL, Anjos DV, Fagundes R, Luna P, Ribeiro SP. Similar topologies of individual‐based plant‐herbivorous networks in forest interior and anthropogenic edges. AUSTRAL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.13001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel L Carvalho
- Departamento de Biodiversidade Evolução e Meio Ambiente Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto Ouro Preto Minas GeraisC.P. 35400‐000Brazil
- Instituto de Biologia Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Uberlândia Minas GeraisC.P. 38400‐902Brazil
| | - Diego V Anjos
- Instituto de Biologia Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Uberlândia Minas GeraisC.P. 38400‐902Brazil
| | - Roberth Fagundes
- Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro‐Brasileira Redenção CearáC.P. 62790‐000Brazil
| | - Pedro Luna
- Red de Ecoetología Instituto de Ecología AC Xalapa VeracruzC.P. 91070Mexico
| | - Sérvio Pontes Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biodiversidade Evolução e Meio Ambiente Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto Ouro Preto Minas GeraisC.P. 35400‐000Brazil
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Yue J, Li R. Phylogenetic relatedness of woody angiosperm assemblages and its environmental determinants along a subtropical elevational gradient in China. PLANT DIVERSITY 2021; 43:111-116. [PMID: 33997543 PMCID: PMC8103416 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The species composition of plant communities is determined by a number of factors, including current environmental conditions as well as biogeographical and evolutionary history. Despite evidence that plant diversity decreases and species relatedness increases along latitudinal and environmental gradients (e.g., low temperatures), it remains unclear whether these same patterns occur along elevational gradients, especially in the subtropical mountainous areas harboring rich biodiversity. In this study, we explored the pattern of phylogenetic relatedness of woody angiosperm assemblages and examined the effects of temperature variables on the phylogenetic relatedness among angiosperm woody plants using generalized linear model in subtropical forest communities along a broad elevational gradient in the Dulong Valley of Yunnan Province, China. Our results showed that woody angiosperm species in local forest plots tend to be more phylogenetically related at higher elevations and in areas with lower temperatures. Additionally, winter average temperature, rather than mean annual temperature, is a major predictor of the pattern of increasing phylogenetic relatedness with increasing elevation. This finding is consistent with the prediction of 'Tropical Niche Conservatism' hypothesis, which highlights the role of niche constraints in driving phylogenetic community assembly along an elevational gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Rong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
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Nascimento ELDL, Maia LC, Cáceres MEDS, Lücking R. Phylogenetic structure of lichen metacommunities in Amazonian and Northeast Brazil. Ecol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonor Costa Maia
- Center of Biosciences, Department of Mycology Federal University of Pernambuco Recife Pernambuco Brazil
| | | | - Robert Lücking
- Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
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10
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Luther DA, Cooper WJ, Wolfe JD, Bierregaard RO, Gonzalez A, Lovejoy TE. Tropical forest fragmentation and isolation: Is community decay a random process? Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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11
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12
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Santos VM, Silva Cáceres ME, Lücking R. Diversity of foliicolous lichens in isolated montane rainforests (Brejos) of northeastern Brazil and their biogeography in a neotropical context. Ecol Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viviane M. Santos
- Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Micologia Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife Brazil
- Departamento de Biociências Universidade Federal de Sergipe Itabaiana Brazil
| | - Marcela E. Silva Cáceres
- Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Micologia Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife Brazil
- Departamento de Biociências Universidade Federal de Sergipe Itabaiana Brazil
| | - Robert Lücking
- Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
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13
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Phylogenetic signal in leaf-cutting ant diet in the fragmented Atlantic rain forest. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467419000063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractLeaf-cutting ants are dominant herbivores in Neotropical rain forests, and their colony densities increase in disturbed habitats such as forest edges. However, while it is well-established that leaf-cutting ants profit from changes to the food-plant community, the phylogenetic dimension of this ant–plant interaction remains poorly understood in fragmented forests. We studied diet composition of Atta cephalotes in the edge and interior of Atlantic forest in north-east Brazil (8°30′S, 35°50′W). We applied phylogenetic signal analysis to investigate the diet across plant lineages and performed phylogenetic generalized linear models to analyse the diet in both habitats. We found a phylogenetic signal in diet and in leaf mechanical resistance, which means that A. cephalotes selects closely related food plants with less resistant leaves. Most preferred species belong to Malpighiales, Rubiaceae and Melastomataceae. We also found that irrespective of phylogeny, ants select food plants with less resistant leaves, both in edge and interior. However, ants choose more abundant plants only in edges. High abundance of optimal diet facilitates foraging in forest edges and explains why colony densities increase in disturbed habitats. Finally, by favouring or disfavouring specific clades, leaf-cutting ants contribute to changes in the phylogenetic structure of tropical rain forests, e.g. phylogenetic impoverishment.
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Martínez-Falcón AP, Zurita GA, Ortega-Martínez IJ, Moreno CE. Populations and assemblages living on the edge: dung beetles responses to forests-pasture ecotones. PeerJ 2018; 6:e6148. [PMID: 30581687 PMCID: PMC6295328 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Edge effects alter insect biodiversity in several ways. However, we still have a limited understanding on simultaneous responses of ecological populations and assemblages to ecotones, especially in human modified landscapes. We analyze edge effects on dung beetle populations and assemblages between livestock pastures and native temperate forests (Juniperus and pine-oak forests (POFs)) to describe how species abundances and assemblage parameters respond to edge effects through gradients in forest-pasture ecotones. In Juniperus forest 13 species avoided the ecotones: six species showed greater abundance in forest interior and seven in pasturelands, while the other two species had a neutral response to the edge. In a different way, in POF we found five species avoiding the edge (four with greater abundance in pastures and only one in forest), two species had a neutral response, and two showed a unimodal pattern of abundance near to the edge. At the assemblage level edge effects are masked, as species richness, diversity, functional richness, functional evenness, and compositional incidence dissimilarity did not vary along forest-pasture ecotones. However, total abundance and functional divergence showed higher values in pastures in one of the two sampling localities. Also, assemblage similarity based on species’ abundance showed a peak near to the edge in POF. We propose that conservation efforts in human-managed landscapes should focus on mitigating current and delayed edge effects. Ecotone management will be crucial in livestock dominated landscapes to conserve regional biodiversity and the environmental services carried out by dung beetles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paola Martínez-Falcón
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingenierías, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Gustavo A Zurita
- Instituto de Biología Subtropical-Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones-CONICET, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Ilse J Ortega-Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingenierías, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Claudia E Moreno
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingenierías, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, Mexico
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Santo-Silva EE, Santos BA, Arroyo-Rodríguez V, Melo FPL, Faria D, Cazetta E, Mariano-Neto E, Hernández-Ruedas MA, Tabarelli M. Phylogenetic dimension of tree communities reveals high conservation value of disturbed tropical rain forests. DIVERS DISTRIB 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Edgar E. Santo-Silva
- Departamento de Botânica; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Recife Pernambuco Brazil
- Unidade Acadêmica de Serra Talhada; Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco; Serra Talhada Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Bráulio A. Santos
- Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia; Universidade Federal da Paraíba; João Pessoa Paraíba Brazil
| | - Víctor Arroyo-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Morelia Michoacán Mexico
| | - Felipe P. L. Melo
- Departamento de Botânica; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Recife Pernambuco Brazil
| | - Deborah Faria
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada à Conservação; Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz; Ilhéus Bahia Brazil
| | - Eliana Cazetta
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada à Conservação; Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz; Ilhéus Bahia Brazil
| | - Eduardo Mariano-Neto
- Departamento de Botânica; Instituto de Biologia; Universidade Federal da Bahia; Salvador Bahia Brazil
| | - Manuel A. Hernández-Ruedas
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Morelia Michoacán Mexico
| | - Marcelo Tabarelli
- Departamento de Botânica; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Recife Pernambuco Brazil
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16
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Silva-Junior V, Souza DG, Queiroz RT, Souza LGR, Ribeiro EMS, Santos BA. Landscape urbanization threatens plant phylogenetic diversity in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Urban Ecosyst 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-018-0745-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Presley SJ, Cisneros LM, Higgins CL, Klingbeil BT, Scheiner SM, Willig MR. Phylogenetic and functional underdispersion in Neotropical phyllostomid bat communities. Biotropica 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Presley
- Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering University of Connecticut 3107 Horsebarn Hill Road Storrs CT 06269‐4210 USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Connecticut 75 North Eagleville Road Storrs CT 06269‐3043 USA
| | - Laura M. Cisneros
- Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering University of Connecticut 3107 Horsebarn Hill Road Storrs CT 06269‐4210 USA
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment University of Connecticut 1376 Storrs Road Storrs CT 06269‐4087 USA
| | | | - Brian T. Klingbeil
- Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering University of Connecticut 3107 Horsebarn Hill Road Storrs CT 06269‐4210 USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Connecticut 75 North Eagleville Road Storrs CT 06269‐3043 USA
| | - Samuel M. Scheiner
- Division of Environmental Biology National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Boulevard Arlington VA 22230 USA
| | - Michael R. Willig
- Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering University of Connecticut 3107 Horsebarn Hill Road Storrs CT 06269‐4210 USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Connecticut 75 North Eagleville Road Storrs CT 06269‐3043 USA
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18
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Structural breakdown of specialized plant-herbivore interaction networks in tropical forest edges. Glob Ecol Conserv 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Razafindratsima OH, Brown KA, Carvalho F, Johnson SE, Wright PC, Dunham AE. Edge effects on components of diversity and above-ground biomass in a tropical rainforest. J Appl Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kerry A. Brown
- Department of Geography and Geology; Kingston University; Kingston Upon Thames Surrey UK
| | - Fabio Carvalho
- Department of Geography and Geology; Kingston University; Kingston Upon Thames Surrey UK
| | - Steig E. Johnson
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology; University of Calgary; Calgary AB Canada
- Centre ValBio; Ifanadiana Fianarantsoa Madagascar
| | - Patricia C. Wright
- Centre ValBio; Ifanadiana Fianarantsoa Madagascar
- Department of Anthropology; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook NY USA
| | - Amy E. Dunham
- Centre ValBio; Ifanadiana Fianarantsoa Madagascar
- Department of BioSciences; Rice University; Houston TX USA
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20
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Qian H, Sandel B. Phylogenetic relatedness of native and exotic plants along climate gradients in California, USA. DIVERS DISTRIB 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Qian
- Research and Collections Center; Illinois State Museum; Springfield IL USA
| | - Brody Sandel
- Department of Biology; Santa Clara University; Santa Clara; CA USA
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Zahawi RA, Oviedo-Brenes F, Peterson CJ. A degradation debt? Large-scale shifts in community composition and loss of biomass in a tropical forest fragment after 40 years of isolation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183133. [PMID: 28832611 PMCID: PMC5568379 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Habitat loss and fragmentation are among the biggest threats to tropical biodiversity and associated ecosystem services. We examined forest dynamics in a mid-elevation 365-ha fragment in southern Costa Rica. The fragment was isolated in the mid-1970s and belongs to the Las Cruces Biological Station. A 2.25-ha permanent plot was established in the center of the old-growth forest (>400 m to nearest edge boundary) and all plants >5 cm DBH were censused, mapped, and identified to species in two surveys taken ~5–6 years apart (>3,000 stems/survey). Although the reserve maintains high species richness (>200 spp.), with many rare species represented by only one individual, we document a strong shift in composition with a two-fold increase in the number of soft-wooded pioneer individuals. The dominant late-successional understory tree species, Chrysochlamys glauca (Clusiaceae), and most species in the Lauraceae, declined dramatically. Turnover was high: 22.9% of stems in the first survey were lost, and 27.8% of stems in the second survey represented new recruits. Mean tree diameter decreased significantly and there was a 10% decrease in overall biomass. Such alteration has been documented previously but only in smaller fragments or within ~100 m of an edge boundary. Further penetration into this fragment was perhaps driven by a progressive invasion of disturbance-adapted species into the fragment’s core over time; the loss of once-dominant late successional species could be a contributing factor. The pattern found is of particular concern given that such fragments represent a substantial portion of today’s remaining tropical habitat; further studies in similar-sized fragments that have been isolated for similar prolonged periods are called for.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakan A. Zahawi
- Las Cruces Biological Station, Organization for Tropical Studies, San Vito de Coto Brus, Puntarenas, Costa Rica
- * E-mail:
| | - Federico Oviedo-Brenes
- Las Cruces Biological Station, Organization for Tropical Studies, San Vito de Coto Brus, Puntarenas, Costa Rica
| | - Chris J. Peterson
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
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22
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Frank HK, Frishkoff LO, Mendenhall CD, Daily GC, Hadly EA. Phylogeny, Traits, and Biodiversity of a Neotropical Bat Assemblage: Close Relatives Show Similar Responses to Local Deforestation. Am Nat 2017; 190:200-212. [DOI: 10.1086/692534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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23
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Morante-Filho JC, Arroyo-Rodríguez V, de Andrade ER, Santos BA, Cazetta E, Faria D. Compensatory dynamics maintain bird phylogenetic diversity in fragmented tropical landscapes. J Appl Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- José Carlos Morante-Filho
- Applied Conservation Ecology Lab; Programa de Pós-graduação Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade; Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz; Ilhéus BA Brazil
| | - Víctor Arroyo-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Morelia Mich. Mexico
| | - Edyla R. de Andrade
- Applied Conservation Ecology Lab; Programa de Pós-graduação Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade; Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz; Ilhéus BA Brazil
| | - Bráulio A. Santos
- Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia; Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza; Universidade Federal da Paraíba; Cidade Universitária; João Pessoa PB Brazil
| | - Eliana Cazetta
- Applied Conservation Ecology Lab; Programa de Pós-graduação Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade; Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz; Ilhéus BA Brazil
| | - Deborah Faria
- Applied Conservation Ecology Lab; Programa de Pós-graduação Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade; Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz; Ilhéus BA Brazil
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24
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Laurance WF, Camargo JLC, Fearnside PM, Lovejoy TE, Williamson GB, Mesquita RCG, Meyer CFJ, Bobrowiec PED, Laurance SGW. An Amazonian rainforest and its fragments as a laboratory of global change. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2017; 93:223-247. [PMID: 28560765 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We synthesize findings from one of the world's largest and longest-running experimental investigations, the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project (BDFFP). Spanning an area of ∼1000 km2 in central Amazonia, the BDFFP was initially designed to evaluate the effects of fragment area on rainforest biodiversity and ecological processes. However, over its 38-year history to date the project has far transcended its original mission, and now focuses more broadly on landscape dynamics, forest regeneration, regional- and global-change phenomena, and their potential interactions and implications for Amazonian forest conservation. The project has yielded a wealth of insights into the ecological and environmental changes in fragmented forests. For instance, many rainforest species are naturally rare and hence are either missing entirely from many fragments or so sparsely represented as to have little chance of long-term survival. Additionally, edge effects are a prominent driver of fragment dynamics, strongly affecting forest microclimate, tree mortality, carbon storage and a diversity of fauna. Even within our controlled study area, the landscape has been highly dynamic: for example, the matrix of vegetation surrounding fragments has changed markedly over time, succeeding from large cattle pastures or forest clearcuts to secondary regrowth forest. This, in turn, has influenced the dynamics of plant and animal communities and their trajectories of change over time. In general, fauna and flora have responded differently to fragmentation: the most locally extinction-prone animal species are those that have both large area requirements and low tolerance of the modified habitats surrounding fragments, whereas the most vulnerable plants are those that respond poorly to edge effects or chronic forest disturbances, and that rely on vulnerable animals for seed dispersal or pollination. Relative to intact forests, most fragments are hyperdynamic, with unstable or fluctuating populations of species in response to a variety of external vicissitudes. Rare weather events such as droughts, windstorms and floods have had strong impacts on fragments and left lasting legacies of change. Both forest fragments and the intact forests in our study area appear to be influenced by larger-scale environmental drivers operating at regional or global scales. These drivers are apparently increasing forest productivity and have led to concerted, widespread increases in forest dynamics and plant growth, shifts in tree-community composition, and increases in liana (woody vine) abundance. Such large-scale drivers are likely to interact synergistically with habitat fragmentation, exacerbating its effects for some species and ecological phenomena. Hence, the impacts of fragmentation on Amazonian biodiversity and ecosystem processes appear to be a consequence not only of local site features but also of broader changes occurring at landscape, regional and even global scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- William F Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, 4878, Australia.,Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA) and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Manaus, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - José L C Camargo
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA) and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Manaus, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Philip M Fearnside
- Department of Environmental Dynamics, National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Thomas E Lovejoy
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA) and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Manaus, 69067-375, Brazil.,Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, U.S.A
| | - G Bruce Williamson
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA) and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Manaus, 69067-375, Brazil.,Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, U.S.A
| | - Rita C G Mesquita
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA) and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Manaus, 69067-375, Brazil.,Department of Environmental Dynamics, National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Christoph F J Meyer
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA) and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Manaus, 69067-375, Brazil.,Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, University of Lisbon, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal.,School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, M5 4WT, U.K
| | - Paulo E D Bobrowiec
- Biodiversity Coordination, National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Susan G W Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, 4878, Australia.,Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA) and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Manaus, 69067-375, Brazil
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25
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Vellend M, Baeten L, Becker-Scarpitta A, Boucher-Lalonde V, McCune JL, Messier J, Myers-Smith IH, Sax DF. Plant Biodiversity Change Across Scales During the Anthropocene. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 68:563-586. [PMID: 28125286 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042916-040949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Plant communities have undergone dramatic changes in recent centuries, although not all such changes fit with the dominant biodiversity-crisis narrative used to describe them. At the global scale, future declines in plant species diversity are highly likely given habitat conversion in the tropics, although few extinctions have been documented for the Anthropocene to date (<0.1%). Nonnative species introductions have greatly increased plant species richness in many regions of the world at the same time that they have led to the creation of new hybrid polyploid species by bringing previously isolated congeners into close contact. At the local scale, conversion of primary vegetation to agriculture has decreased plant diversity, whereas other drivers of change-e.g., climate warming, habitat fragmentation, and nitrogen deposition-have highly context-dependent effects, resulting in a distribution of temporal trends with a mean close to zero. These results prompt a reassessment of how conservation goals are defined and justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Vellend
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada;
| | - Lander Baeten
- Forest and Nature Lab, Department of Forest and Water Management, Ghent University, BE-9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | | | | | - Jenny L McCune
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Julie Messier
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada;
| | - Isla H Myers-Smith
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, United Kingdom
| | - Dov F Sax
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
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26
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Souza DG, Santos JC, Oliveira MA, Tabarelli M. Shifts in Plant Assemblages Reduce the Richness of Galling Insects Across Edge-Affected Habitats in the Atlantic Forest. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 45:1161-1169. [PMID: 27550163 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvw115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Impacts of habitat loss and fragmentation on specialist herbivores have been rarely addressed. Here we examine the structure of plant and galling insect assemblages in a fragmented landscape of the Atlantic forest to verify a potential impoverishment of these assemblages mediated by edge effects. Saplings and galling insects were recorded once within a 0.1-ha area at habitat level, covering forest interior stands, forest edges, and small fragments. A total of 1,769 saplings from 219 tree species were recorded across all three habitats, with differences in terms of sapling abundance and species richness. Additionally, edge-affected habitats exhibited reduced richness of both host-plant and galling insects at plot and habitat spatial scale. Attack levels also differed among forest types at habitat spatial scale (21.1% of attacked stems in forest interior, 12.4% in small fragments but only 8.5% in forest edges). Plot ordination resulted in three clearly segregated clusters: one formed by forest interior, one by small fragments, and another formed by edge plots. Finally, the indicator species analysis identified seven and one indicator plant species in forest interior and edge-affected habitats, respectively. Consequently, edge effects lead to formation of distinct taxonomic groups and also an impoverished assemblage of plants and galling insects at multiple spatial scales. The results of the present study indicate that fragmentation-related changes in plant assemblages can have a cascade effects on specialist herbivores. Accordingly, hyperfragmented landscapes may not be able to retain an expressive portion of tropical biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle G Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 50670-420, Brazil
| | - Jean C Santos
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG 38405-320, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Tabarelli
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 50670-420, Brazil
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27
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Câmara T, Almeida WR, Tabarelli M, Andersen AN, Leal IR. Habitat fragmentation, EFN-bearing trees and ant communities: Ecological cascades in Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil. AUSTRAL ECOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Talita Câmara
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Recife PE Brazil
| | - Walkiria R. Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Recife PE Brazil
| | - Marcelo Tabarelli
- Departamento de Botânica; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Recife PE Brazil
| | - Alan N. Andersen
- CSIRO Land and Water; Tropical Ecosystems Research Centre; Winnellie Australia
| | - Inara R. Leal
- Departamento de Botânica; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Recife PE Brazil
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28
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Sfair JC, Arroyo-Rodríguez V, Santos BA, Tabarelli M. Taxonomic and functional divergence of tree assemblages in a fragmented tropical forest. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2016; 26:1816-1826. [PMID: 27755700 DOI: 10.1890/15-1673.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Tropical forests are being exposed to increasing levels of habitat loss and fragmentation, threatening the maintenance of global biodiversity. However, the effect that land-use change may have on the spatial dissimilarities in taxonomic and functional composition of remaining assemblages (i.e., taxonomic/functional β-diversity) remains poorly understood. We examined a large vegetation database from an old and severely fragmented Atlantic forest landscape to test two alternative hypotheses: (1) tree assemblages experience a taxonomic and functional homogenization (reduced β-diversity) between forest fragments and along forest edges, or alternatively, (2) these edge-affected forests show increased taxonomic and functional differentiation (increased β-diversity) when compared to forest interior (reference) stands. Taxonomic and functional β-diversity were examined via novel abundance-based metrics and considering functional traits related to plant dispersion, recruitment, and growth. Overall, taxonomic β-diversity among fragments was significantly higher than among edge and reference plots. Edge plots also showed higher β-diversity than reference plots, but only when considering dominant species. In functional terms, β-diversity among reference plots was also lower than among forest fragments and among edge plots. These patterns support the landscape-divergence hypothesis, which postulates that variable human disturbances among forest fragments and along forest edges can lead to contrasting trajectories of vegetation changes, thus increasing the compositional and functional differentiation of tree communities in these emerging environments. Our results also show that such differentiation can preserve landscape-wide biodiversity, thus overriding negative effects of habitat fragmentation on local (α) diversity. Therefore, our findings demonstrate that forest fragments and forest edges can be more valuable for maintaining species diversity and ecosystem function in fragmented tropical landscapes than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C Sfair
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil.
| | - Víctor Arroyo-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 58190, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Bráulio A Santos
- Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Tabarelli
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
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29
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Ribeiro EMS, Santos BA, Arroyo-Rodríguez V, Tabarelli M, Souza G, Leal IR. Phylogenetic impoverishment of plant communities following chronic human disturbances in the Brazilian Caatinga. Ecology 2016; 97:1583-92. [DOI: 10.1890/15-1122.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elâine M. S. Ribeiro
- Departamento de Botânica; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica; Cidade Universitária Av. Professor Moraes Rego, s/n CEP: 50670-901 Recife PE Brasil
| | - Bráulio A. Santos
- Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia; Universidade Federal da Paraíba; Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza; Cidade Universitária CEP: 58051-900 João Pessoa PB Brasil
| | - Víctor Arroyo-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico; Morelia C.P. 58190 Michoacán Mexico
| | - Marcelo Tabarelli
- Departamento de Botânica; Universidade, Federal de Pernambuco; Cidade, Universitária Av. Professor Moraes Rego, s/n CEP: 50670-901 Recife PE Brasil
| | - Gustavo Souza
- Departamento de Botânica; Universidade, Federal de Pernambuco; Cidade, Universitária Av. Professor Moraes Rego, s/n CEP: 50670-901 Recife PE Brasil
| | - Inara R. Leal
- Departamento de Botânica; Universidade, Federal de Pernambuco; Cidade, Universitária Av. Professor Moraes Rego, s/n CEP: 50670-901 Recife PE Brasil
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30
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Freitas L, Salino A, Neto LM, Elias Almeida T, Mortara SR, Stehmann JR, Amorim AM, Guimarães EF, Coelho MN, Zanin A, Forzza RC. A comprehensive checklist of vascular epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest reveals outstanding endemic rates. PHYTOKEYS 2016; 58:65-79. [PMID: 26884706 PMCID: PMC4743015 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.58.5643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the geographic distribution of plants is essential to underpin the understanding of global biodiversity patterns. Vascular epiphytes are important components of diversity and functionality of Neotropical forests but, unlike their terrestrial counterparts, they are under-represented in large-scale diversity and biogeographic analyses. This is the case for the Atlantic Forest - one of the most diverse and threatened biomes worldwide. We provide the first comprehensive species list of Atlantic Forest vascular epiphytes; their endemism patterns and threatened species occurrence have also been analyzed. A list with 2,256 species of (hemi-)epiphytes - distributed in 240 genera and 33 families - is presented based on the updated Brazilian Flora Checklist. This represents more than 15% of the total vascular plant richness in the Atlantic Forest. Moreover, 256 species are included on the Brazilian Red List. More than 93% of the overall richness is concentrated in ten families, with 73% represented by Orchidaceae and Bromeliaceae species alone. A total of 78% of epiphytic species are endemic to the Atlantic Forest, in contrast to overall vascular plant endemism in this biome estimated at 57%. Among the non-endemics, 13% of epiphytic species also occur either in the Amazon or in the Cerrado - the other two largest biomes of Brazil - and only 8% are found in two or more Brazilian biomes. This pattern of endemism, in addition to available dated phylogenies of some genera, indicate the dominance of recent radiations of epiphytic groups in the Atlantic Forest, showing that the majority of divergences dating from the Pliocene onwards are similar to those that were recently reported for other Neotropical plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - André Marcio Amorim
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz e Herbário do Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau
| | | | | | - Ana Zanin
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
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Zahawi RA, Duran G, Kormann U. Sixty-Seven Years of Land-Use Change in Southern Costa Rica. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143554. [PMID: 26599325 PMCID: PMC4657907 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Habitat loss and fragmentation of forests are among the biggest threats to biodiversity and associated ecosystem services in tropical landscapes. We use the vicinity of the Las Cruces Biological Station in southern Costa Rica as a regional case study to document seven decades of land-use change in one of the most intensively studied sites in the Neotropics. Though the premontane wet forest was largely intact in 1947, a wave of immigration in 1952 initiated rapid changes over a short period. Overall forest cover was reduced during each time interval analyzed (1947-1960, 1960-1980, 1980-1997, 1997-2014), although the vast majority of forest loss (>90%) occurred during the first two time intervals (1947-1960, 1960-1980) with an annual deforestation rate of 2.14% and 3.86%, respectively. The rate dropped to <2% thereafter and has been offset by forest recovery in fallow areas more recently, but overall forest cover has continued to decline. Approximately 27.9% of the study area is forested currently. Concomitantly, the region shifted from a single contiguous forest to a series of progressively smaller forest fragments with each successive survey. A strong reduction in the amount of core habitat was paralleled by an increased proportion of edge habitat, due to the irregular shape of many forest fragments. Structural connectivity, however, remains high, with an expansive network of >100 km of linear strips of vegetation within a 3 km radius of the station, which may facilitate landscape-level movement for some species. Despite the extent of forest loss, a substantial number of regional landscape-level studies over the past two decades have demonstrated the persistence of many groups of organisms such as birds and mammals. Nonetheless, the continued decline in the quantity and quality of remaining habitat (~30% of remaining forest is secondary), as well as the threat of an extinction debt (or time lag in species loss), may result in the extirpation of additional species if more proactive conservation measures are not taken to reverse current trends-a pattern that reflects many other tropical regions the world over.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakan A. Zahawi
- Las Cruces Biological Station, Organization for Tropical Studies, Apartado 73–8257, San Vito de Coto Brus, Costa Rica
- * E-mail:
| | - Guillermo Duran
- Centro de Recursos Hídricos para Centroamérica y el Caribe, Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Sede Chorotega, Liberia, Costa Rica
| | - Urs Kormann
- Department of Agroecology, University of Goettingen, Grisebachstr. 6, D-37077, Goettingen, Germany
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32
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Leal LC, Andersen AN, Leal IR. Disturbance Winners or Losers? Plants Bearing Extrafloral Nectaries in Brazilian Caatinga. Biotropica 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura C. Leal
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/n Cidade Universitária 50670-901 Recife PE Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia; Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana; Av. Transnordestina, s/n Novo Horizonte 44036-900 Feira de Santana BA Brazil
| | - Alan N. Andersen
- CSIRO Land and Water Flagship; Tropical Ecosystems Research Centre; PMB 44 Winnellie NT 0822 Australia
| | - Inara R. Leal
- Departamento de Botânica; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/n Cidade Universitária 50670-901 Recife PE Brazil
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Grass I, Brandl R, Botzat A, Neuschulz EL, Farwig N. Contrasting taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity responses to forest modifications: comparisons of taxa and successive plant life stages in South African scarp forest. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118722. [PMID: 25719204 PMCID: PMC4342016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The degradation of natural forests to modified forests threatens subtropical and tropical biodiversity worldwide. Yet, species responses to forest modification vary considerably. Furthermore, effects of forest modification can differ, whether with respect to diversity components (taxonomic or phylogenetic) or to local (α-diversity) and regional (β-diversity) spatial scales. This real-world complexity has so far hampered our understanding of subtropical and tropical biodiversity patterns in human-modified forest landscapes. In a subtropical South African forest landscape, we studied the responses of three successive plant life stages (adult trees, saplings, seedlings) and of birds to five different types of forest modification distinguished by the degree of within-forest disturbance and forest loss. Responses of the two taxa differed markedly. Thus, the taxonomic α-diversity of birds was negatively correlated with the diversity of all plant life stages and, contrary to plant diversity, increased with forest disturbance. Conversely, forest disturbance reduced the phylogenetic α-diversity of all plant life stages but not that of birds. Forest loss neither affected taxonomic nor phylogenetic diversity of any taxon. On the regional scale, taxonomic but not phylogenetic β-diversity of both taxa was well predicted by variation in forest disturbance and forest loss. In contrast to adult trees, the phylogenetic diversity of saplings and seedlings showed signs of contemporary environmental filtering. In conclusion, forest modification in this subtropical landscape strongly shaped both local and regional biodiversity but with contrasting outcomes. Phylogenetic diversity of plants may be more threatened than that of mobile species such as birds. The reduced phylogenetic diversity of saplings and seedlings suggests losses in biodiversity that are not visible in adult trees, potentially indicating time-lags and contemporary shifts in forest regeneration. The different responses of taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity to forest modifications imply that biodiversity conservation in this subtropical landscape requires the preservation of natural and modified forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Grass
- Department of Ecology—Conservation Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Roland Brandl
- Department of Ecology—Animal Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Botzat
- Department of Ecology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eike Lena Neuschulz
- Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F) and Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt (Main), Germany
| | - Nina Farwig
- Department of Ecology—Conservation Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Brodie JF, Giordano AJ, Ambu L. Differential responses of large mammals to logging and edge effects. Mamm Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mambio.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Santos BA, Tabarelli M, Melo FPL, Camargo JLC, Andrade A, Laurance SG, Laurance WF. Phylogenetic impoverishment of Amazonian tree communities in an experimentally fragmented forest landscape. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113109. [PMID: 25409011 PMCID: PMC4237388 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Amazonian rainforests sustain some of the richest tree communities on Earth, but their ecological and evolutionary responses to human threats remain poorly known. We used one of the largest experimental datasets currently available on tree dynamics in fragmented tropical forests and a recent phylogeny of angiosperms to test whether tree communities have lost phylogenetic diversity since their isolation about two decades previously. Our findings revealed an overall trend toward phylogenetic impoverishment across the experimentally fragmented landscape, irrespective of whether tree communities were in 1-ha, 10-ha, or 100-ha forest fragments, near forest edges, or in continuous forest. The magnitude of the phylogenetic diversity loss was low (<2% relative to before-fragmentation values) but widespread throughout the study landscape, occurring in 32 of 40 1-ha plots. Consistent with this loss in phylogenetic diversity, we observed a significant decrease of 50% in phylogenetic dispersion since forest isolation, irrespective of plot location. Analyses based on tree genera that have significantly increased (28 genera) or declined (31 genera) in abundance and basal area in the landscape revealed that increasing genera are more phylogenetically related than decreasing ones. Also, the loss of phylogenetic diversity was greater in tree communities where increasing genera proliferated and decreasing genera reduced their importance values, suggesting that this taxonomic replacement is partially underlying the phylogenetic impoverishment at the landscape scale. This finding has clear implications for the current debate about the role human-modified landscapes play in sustaining biodiversity persistence and key ecosystem services, such as carbon storage. Although the generalization of our findings to other fragmented tropical forests is uncertain, it could negatively affect ecosystem productivity and stability and have broader impacts on coevolved organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bráulio A. Santos
- Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, 58051-900, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Marcelo Tabarelli
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Felipe P. L. Melo
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - José L. C. Camargo
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragment Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), C.P. 478, Manaus, Amazonas, 69011-970, Brazil
| | - Ana Andrade
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragment Project, National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), C.P. 478, Manaus, Amazonas, 69011-970, Brazil
| | - Susan G. Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, 4878, Australia
| | - William F. Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, 4878, Australia
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Joly CA, Metzger JP, Tabarelli M. Experiences from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: ecological findings and conservation initiatives. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 204:459-473. [PMID: 25209030 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The Brazilian Atlantic Forest hosts one of the world's most diverse and threatened tropical forest biota. In many ways, its history of degradation describes the fate experienced by tropical forests around the world. After five centuries of human expansion, most Atlantic Forest landscapes are archipelagos of small forest fragments surrounded by open-habitat matrices. This 'natural laboratory' has contributed to a better understanding of the evolutionary history and ecology of tropical forests and to determining the extent to which this irreplaceable biota is susceptible to major human disturbances. We share some of the major findings with respect to the responses of tropical forests to human disturbances across multiple biological levels and spatial scales and discuss some of the conservation initiatives adopted in the past decade. First, we provide a short description of the Atlantic Forest biota and its historical degradation. Secondly, we offer conceptual models describing major shifts experienced by tree assemblages at local scales and discuss landscape ecological processes that can help to maintain this biota at larger scales. We also examine potential plant responses to climate change. Finally, we propose a research agenda to improve the conservation value of human-modified landscapes and safeguard the biological heritage of tropical forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Joly
- Department of Plant Biology, Biology Institute, State University of Campinas/UNICAMP, PO Box 6109, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Jean Paul Metzger
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 321, Travessa 14, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Tabarelli
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil
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Munguía-Rosas MA, Montiel S. Patch size and isolation predict plant species density in a naturally fragmented forest. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111742. [PMID: 25347818 PMCID: PMC4210240 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of the effects of patch size and isolation on plant species density have yielded contrasting results. However, much of the available evidence comes from relatively recent anthropogenic forest fragments which have not reached equilibrium between extinction and immigration. This is a critical issue because the theory clearly states that only when equilibrium has been reached can the number of species be accurately predicted by habitat size and isolation. Therefore, species density could be better predicted by patch size and isolation in an ecosystem that has been fragmented for a very long time. We tested whether patch area, isolation and other spatial variables explain variation among forest patches in plant species density in an ecosystem where the forest has been naturally fragmented for long periods of time on a geological scale. Our main predictions were that plant species density will be positively correlated with patch size, and negatively correlated with isolation (distance to the nearest patch, connectivity, and distance to the continuous forest). We surveyed the vascular flora (except lianas and epiphytes) of 19 forest patches using five belt transects (50×4 m each) per patch (area sampled per patch = 0.1 ha). As predicted, plant species density was positively associated (logarithmically) with patch size and negatively associated (linearly) with patch isolation (distance to the nearest patch). Other spatial variables such as patch elevation and perimeter, did not explain among-patch variability in plant species density. The power of patch area and isolation as predictors of plant species density was moderate (together they explain 43% of the variation), however, a larger sample size may improve the explanatory power of these variables. Patch size and isolation may be suitable predictors of long-term plant species density in terrestrial ecosystems that are naturally and anthropogenically fragmented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Munguía-Rosas
- Departamento de Ecología Humana, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Mérida, Yucatán, México
- * E-mail:
| | - Salvador Montiel
- Departamento de Ecología Humana, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Mérida, Yucatán, México
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Lima VS, Jansen AM, Messenger LA, Miles MA, Llewellyn MS. Wild Trypanosoma cruzi I genetic diversity in Brazil suggests admixture and disturbance in parasite populations from the Atlantic Forest region. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:263. [PMID: 24903849 PMCID: PMC4062772 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trypanosoma cruzi (Kinetoplastida, Trypanosomatidae) infection is an ancient and widespread zoonosis distributed throughout the Americas. Ecologically, Brazil comprises several distinct biomes: Amazonia, Cerrado, Caatinga, Pantanal and the Atlantic Forest. Sylvatic T. cruzi transmission is known to occur throughout these biomes, with multiple hosts and vectors involved. Parasite species-level genetic diversity can be a useful marker for ecosystem health. Our aims were to: investigate sylvatic T. cruzi genetic diversity across different biomes, detect instances of genetic exchange, and explore the possible impact of ecological disturbance on parasite diversity at an intra-species level. Methods We characterised 107 isolates of T. cruzi I (TcI; discrete typing unit, DTU I) from different major Brazilian biomes with twenty-seven nuclear microsatellite loci. A representative subset of biologically cloned isolates was further characterised using ten mitochondrial gene loci. We compared these data generated from Brazilian TcI isolates from around America. Results Genetic diversity was remarkably high, including one divergent cluster that branched outside the known genetic diversity of TcI in the Americas. We detected evidence for mitochondrial introgression and genetic exchange between the eastern Amazon and Caatinga. Finally, we found strong signatures of admixture among isolates from the Atlantic Forest region by comparison to parasites from other study sites. Conclusions Atlantic Forest sylvatic TcI populations are highly fragmented and admixed by comparison to others around Brazil. We speculate on: the possible causes of Atlantic Forest admixture; the role of T. cruzi as a sentinel for ecosystem health, and the impact disrupted sylvatic transmission cycles might have on accurate source attribution in oral outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Martin S Llewellyn
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
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Continuous forest has greater taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic plant diversity than an adjacent naturally fragmented forest. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467414000194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:Several studies have evaluated the short-term effects of tropical forest fragmentation on plant taxonomic diversity, while only a few have evaluated its effects on functional or phylogenetic diversity. To our knowledge no study has looked at the long-term consequences of tropical forest fragmentation on the three main components of plant diversity simultaneously: taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity. We sampled the vascular flora using belt transects (50 × 4 m) in a continuous tropical semi-evergreen forest (16 transects) and in an adjacent naturally fragmented forest (fragments of 1.7-My-old semi-evergreen forest immersed in a mangrove/sedge matrix) (18 transects), and compared their taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic plant diversity. There were 36 species in the continuous forest and 28 in the fragmented forest. Continuous forest was taxonomically more diverse (25%) than the fragmented forest. All functional diversity metrics were greater (6–33%) in the continuous than in the fragmented forest. Phylogenetic diversity was 19% greater and phylogenetically more overdispersed in the continuous forest than in the fragmented forest. The results suggest that in the fragmented forest not only is taxonomic plant diversity lower, but functional and phylogenetic diversity are as well. The negative effects of forest fragmentation on plant diversity seem to be chronic.
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Benítez-Malvido J, Gallardo-Vásquez JC, Alvarez-Añorve MY, Avila-Cabadilla LD. Influence of matrix type on tree community assemblages along tropical dry forest edges. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2014; 101:820-829. [PMID: 24824835 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1300396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED • PREMISE OF THE STUDY Anthropogenic habitat edges have strong negative consequences for the functioning of tropical ecosystems. However, edge effects on tropical dry forest tree communities have been barely documented.• METHODS In Chamela, Mexico, we investigated the phylogenetic composition and structure of tree assemblages (≥5 cm dbh) along edges abutting different matrices: (1) disturbed vegetation with cattle, (2) pastures with cattle and, (3) pastures without cattle. Additionally, we sampled preserved forest interiors.• KEY RESULTS All edge types exhibited similar tree density, basal area and diversity to interior forests, but differed in species composition. A nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordination showed that the presence of cattle influenced species composition more strongly than the vegetation structure of the matrix; tree assemblages abutting matrices with cattle had lower scores in the ordination. The phylogenetic composition of tree assemblages followed the same pattern. The principal plant families and genera were associated according to disturbance regimes as follows: pastures and disturbed vegetation (1) with cattle and (2) without cattle, and (3) pastures without cattle and interior forests. All habitats showed random phylogenetic structures, suggesting that tree communities are assembled mainly by stochastic processes. Long-lived species persisting after edge creation could have important implications in the phylogenetic structure of tree assemblages.• CONCLUSIONS Edge creation exerts a stronger influence on TDF vegetation pathways than previously documented, leading to new ecological communities. Phylogenetic analysis may, however, be needed to detect such changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Benítez-Malvido
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas (CIEco), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701, Ex-Hacienda de San José de la Huerta, CP 58090 Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Julio César Gallardo-Vásquez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas (CIEco), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701, Ex-Hacienda de San José de la Huerta, CP 58090 Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Mariana Y Alvarez-Añorve
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas (CIEco), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701, Ex-Hacienda de San José de la Huerta, CP 58090 Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Luis Daniel Avila-Cabadilla
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas (CIEco), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701, Ex-Hacienda de San José de la Huerta, CP 58090 Morelia, Michoacán, México
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Santo-Silva EE, Almeida WR, Melo FPL, Zickel CS, Tabarelli M. The Nature of Seedling Assemblages in a Fragmented Tropical Landscape: Implications for Forest Regeneration. Biotropica 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edgar E. Santo-Silva
- Departamento de Botânica; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Av. Prof. Moraes Rego; S/N, Cidade Universitária; Recife-PE; 50670-901; Brazil
| | - Wanessa R. Almeida
- Departamento de Botânica; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Av. Prof. Moraes Rego; S/N, Cidade Universitária; Recife-PE; 50670-901; Brazil
| | - Felipe P. L. Melo
- Departamento de Botânica; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Av. Prof. Moraes Rego; S/N, Cidade Universitária; Recife-PE; 50670-901; Brazil
| | - Carmen S. Zickel
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco; Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros; S/N, Dois Irmãos; Recife-PE; 52171-900; Brazil
| | - Marcelo Tabarelli
- Departamento de Botânica; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Av. Prof. Moraes Rego; S/N, Cidade Universitária; Recife-PE; 50670-901; Brazil
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Whitfeld TJS, Novotny V, Miller SE, Hrcek J, Klimes P, Weiblen GD. Predicting tropical insect herbivore abundance from host plant traits and phylogeny. Ecology 2012. [DOI: 10.1890/11-0503.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Santos GGA, Santos BA, Nascimento HEM, Tabarelli M. Contrasting Demographic Structure of Short- and Long-lived Pioneer Tree Species on Amazonian Forest Edges. Biotropica 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2012.00882.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Graciliano G. A. Santos
- Centro de Estudos Integrados em Biodiversidade Amazônica; Universidade Federal do Amapá; Macapá; Amapá; 68902-280; Brazil
| | - Bráulio A. Santos
- Departamento de Botânica; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Recife; Pernambuco; 50670-901; Brazil
| | - Henrique E. M. Nascimento
- Coordenação de Pesquisa em Silvicultura Tropical, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia; C.P. 478; Manaus; Amazonas; 69011-970; Brazil
| | - Marcelo Tabarelli
- Departamento de Botânica; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Recife; Pernambuco; 50670-901; Brazil
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Reduced availability of large seeds constrains Atlantic forest regeneration. ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Barragán F, Moreno CE, Escobar F, Halffter G, Navarrete D. Negative impacts of human land use on dung beetle functional diversity. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17976. [PMID: 21448292 PMCID: PMC3063245 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of biodiversity caused by human activity is assumed to alter ecosystem
functioning. However our understanding of the magnitude of the effect of these
changes on functional diversity and their impact on the dynamics of ecological
processes is still limited. We analyzed the functional diversity of
copro-necrophagous beetles under different conditions of land use in three
Mexican biosphere reserves. In Montes Azules pastures, forest fragments and
continuous rainforest were analyzed, in Los Tuxtlas rainforest fragments of
different sizes were analyzed and in Barranca de Metztitlán two types of
xerophile scrub with different degrees of disturbance from grazing were
analyzed. We assigned dung beetle species to functional groups based on food
relocation, beetle size, daily activity period and food preferences, and as
measures of functional diversity we used estimates based on multivariate
methods. In Montes Azules functional richness was lower in the pastures than in
continuous rainforest and rainforest fragments, but fragments and continuous
forest include functionally redundant species. In small rainforest fragments
(<5 ha) in Los Tuxtlas, dung beetle functional richness was lower than in
large rainforest fragments (>20 ha). Functional evenness and functional
dispersion did not vary among habitat types or fragment size in these reserves.
In contrast, in Metztitlán, functional richness and functional dispersion
were different among the vegetation types, but differences were not related to
the degree of disturbance by grazing. More redundant species were found in
submontane than in crassicaule scrub. For the first time, a decrease in the
functional diversity in communities of copro-necrophagous beetles resulting from
changes in land use is documented, the potential implications for ecosystem
functioning are discussed and a series of variables that could improve the
evaluation of functional diversity for this biological group is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Barragán
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas,
Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Hidalgo,
México
| | - Claudia E. Moreno
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas,
Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Hidalgo,
México
- * E-mail:
| | - Federico Escobar
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de
Ecología, A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Gonzalo Halffter
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de
Ecología, A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Dario Navarrete
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, San
Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas, México
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