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Jayaprakash Demirel K, Wu R, Neves Guimaraes A, Demirel I. The role of NLRP3 in regulating gingival epithelial cell responses evoked by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Cytokine 2023; 169:156316. [PMID: 37541072 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) has myriads of virulence factors among which leukotoxin provides A. actinomycetemcomitans with the advantage to thrive in the surrounding hostile environment and evade host immune defences. The NLRP3 inflammasome has been associated with periodontal disease development. However, our understanding of the involvement of caspase-1, caspase-4, and NLRP3 in the release of IL-1β and other inflammatory mediators from gingival epithelial cells during a A. actinomycetemcomitans infection is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate how the inflammasome-associated proteins caspase-1, caspase-4 and NLRP3 regulate the immune response of gingival epithelial cells during a A. actinomycetemcomitans infection. Human gingival epithelial cells (Ca9-22) deficient in NLRP3, caspase-1 or caspase-4 were created using CRISPR/Cas9. Gingival epithelial cells were stimulated with the A. actinomycetemcomitans low-leukotoxic strain NCTC9710 or the highly leukotoxic JP2 strain HK 165 for 6, 12 and 24 h. The results showed that the JP2 strain HK1651 induced higher IL-1β and IL-1RA release and mediated more epithelial cell death compared to the NCTC9710 strain. These findings were found to be capsase-1, caspase-4 and NLRP3-dependant. A targeted protein analysis of inflammation-related proteins showed that the expression of 37 proteins were identified as being significantly altered after HK1651 infection compared to unstimulated Cas9 and NLRP3-deficient cells. Of the 37 proteins, 23 of these inflammation-related proteins released by NLRP3-deficient cells differed significantly compared to Cas9 cells after infection. This suggests that NLRP3 has a broad effect on the inflammatory response in gingival epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartheyaene Jayaprakash Demirel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; Department of Odontological Research, Public Dental Service, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Rongrong Wu
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Alessandra Neves Guimaraes
- Department of Odontological Research, Public Dental Service, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Public Dental Service, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Isak Demirel
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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Yuan Y, Zhang H, Gu Q, Xu X, Yu R, Huang H. Analysis of Th-cell subsets in local and systemic environments from experimental periodontitis rats. Mol Oral Microbiol 2023; 38:83-92. [PMID: 35863754 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to explore the effect of periodontitis on Th-cell subsets in local and systemic environments. METHODS A total of 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into periodontitis and control groups. Silk ligatures were applied to the mandibular first (M1) molars in the periodontitis group. Inflammation and alveolar bone loss around the M1 molars were analyzed by histological staining and microcomputed tomography. The mRNA expression of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-17, and IL-10 in the gingiva was measured by qRT-PCR. The proportions of Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg cells in the submandibular lymph nodes, peripheral blood, and jaw bone marrow were tested using flow cytometry. RESULTS More inflammatory cells and alveolar bone resorption were found in the periodontitis group, with upregulated mRNA expression of IFN-γ, IL-17, and IL-10. The proportion of Th1 and Th17 cells was significantly elevated in submandibular lymph nodes, and the proportion of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells was significantly elevated in peripheral blood, while the proportion of Th1, Th17, and Treg cells was significantly elevated in jaw bone marrow in the periodontitis group. CONCLUSION This study suggests that periodontitis affects the differentiation of Th-cell subsets in both local and systemic environments, resulting in an increased proportion of proinflammatory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yuan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongming Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinhua Gu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinrui Xu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Runping Yu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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Swanson KV, Girnary M, Alves T, Ting JPY, Divaris K, Beck J, Pucinelli CM, da Silva RAB, Uyan D, Wilson J, Seaman WT, Webster-Cyriaque J, Vias N, Jiao Y, Cantley L, Marlier A, Arnold RR, Marchesan JT. Interferon activated gene 204 protects against bone loss in experimental periodontitis. J Periodontol 2022; 93:1366-1377. [PMID: 35404474 PMCID: PMC9489626 DOI: 10.1002/jper.21-0668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontal destruction can be the result of different known and yet-to-be-discovered biological pathways. Recent human genetic association studies have implicated interferon-gamma inducible protein 16 (IFI16) and absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) with high periodontal interleukin (IL)-1β levels and more destructive disease, but mechanistic evidence is lacking. Here, we sought to experimentally validate these observational associations and better understand IFI16 and AIM2's roles in periodontitis. METHODS Periodontitis was induced in Ifi204-/- (IFI16 murine homolog) and Aim2-/- mice using the ligature model. Chimeric mice were created to identify the main source cells of Ifi204 in the periodontium. IFI16-silenced human endothelial cells were treated with periodontal pathogens in vitro. Periodontal tissues from Ifi204-/- mice were evaluated for alveolar bone (micro-CT), cell inflammatory infiltration (MPO+ staining), Il1b (qRT-PCR), and osteoclast numbers (cathepsin K+ staining). RESULTS Ifi204-deficient mice> exhibited >20% higher alveolar bone loss than wild-type (WT) (P < 0.05), while no significant difference was found in Aim2-/- mice. Ifi204's effect on bone loss was primarily mediated by a nonbone marrow source and was independent of Aim2. Ifi204-deficient mice had greater neutrophil/macrophage trafficking into gingival tissues regardless of periodontitis development compared to WT. In human endothelial cells, IFI16 decreased the chemokine response to periodontal pathogens. In murine periodontitis, Ifi204 depletion elevated gingival Il1b and increased osteoclast numbers at diseased sites (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings support IFI16's role as a novel regulator of inflammatory cell trafficking to the periodontium that protects against bone loss and offers potential targets for the development of new periodontal disease biomarkers and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen V Swanson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mustafa Girnary
- Curriculum in Doctor of Dental Surgery, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tomaz Alves
- Division of Comprehensive Oral Health, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jenny PY Ting
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kimon Divaris
- Division of Pediatric and Public Health, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jim Beck
- Division of Comprehensive Oral Health, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Carolina Maschietto Pucinelli
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Raquel Assed Bezerra da Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Dilek Uyan
- Division of Comprehensive Oral Health, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Justin Wilson
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - William T. Seaman
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer Webster-Cyriaque
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nishma Vias
- Curriculum in Doctor of Dental Surgery, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yizu Jiao
- Curriculum in Doctor of Dental Surgery, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lloyd Cantley
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Arnaud Marlier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Roland R. Arnold
- Division of Diagnostic Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Julie T. Marchesan
- Division of Comprehensive Oral Health, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Nunes GP, Pirovani BO, Nunes LP, Silva ANA, Morábito MJSD, Nunes-Júnior NA, Delbem ACB, Ferrisse TM. Does oral lichen planus aggravate the state of periodontal disease? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:3357-3371. [PMID: 35132470 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04387-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis (SRM) was to assess the evidence between the association of oral lichen planus and periodontal disease, evaluating the periodontal clinical parameters and biomarkers levels. METHODS This systematic review and meta-analysis followed PRISMA and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020181513). Searches were accomplished in databases for articles published until June 2021. The meta-analysis was performed with the variables: plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL). The mean difference was applied with a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS Six articles were included. Qualitative analysis showed the levels of biomarkers (matrix metalloproteinases, interleukins, and periodontal microbiological profile) are increased in subjects with periodontal disease and oral lichen planus. In the meta-analysis, these subjects also presented increases in all periodontal clinical parameters evaluated: GI-gingivitis 0.22 [0.14, 0.31] p < 0.0001 and periodontitis 0.12 [0.06, 0.19] p = 0.0003; PI-gingivitis 0.22 [0.12, 0.31] p < 0.0001 and periodontitis 0.15 [0.08, 0.23] p < 0.0001; PD-gingivitis 0.27 [0.06; 0.48] p = 0.0107 and periodontitis 0.11 [0.01; 0.21] p = 0.0299; and CA-periodontitis 0.06 [0.01, 0.12] p = 0.0176. CONCLUSIONS Evidence suggests a significant relationship between the severity of periodontal disease and the presence of oral lichen planus. Although the association is biologically plausible, further studies are needed using populations and well-defined biochemical and clinical outcomes with consideration of potential confounding factors. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This SRM provides information on the interaction between OLP and periodontal disease and guides clinicians to make evidence-based decisions and suggests recommendations for further high-quality studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Pereira Nunes
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua José Bonifácio, Araçatuba, SP, 1193, 16015-050, Brazil.
| | - Beatriz Ommati Pirovani
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery‒Periodontics Division, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Larissa Pereira Nunes
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua José Bonifácio, Araçatuba, SP, 1193, 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Arles Naisa Amaral Silva
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Maria Juliana Sismeiro Dias Morábito
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua José Bonifácio, Araçatuba, SP, 1193, 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Nilson Antônio Nunes-Júnior
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua José Bonifácio, Araçatuba, SP, 1193, 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua José Bonifácio, Araçatuba, SP, 1193, 16015-050, Brazil
| | - Túlio Morandin Ferrisse
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, Brazil
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Sharma D, Kamthania M. A new emerging pandemic of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS). Virusdisease 2021; 32:220-227. [PMID: 33942022 PMCID: PMC8082055 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-021-00656-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to make aware every one of the deadliest diseases named severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS). It has become the worldwide pandemic in recent few years. It is a kind of haemorrhagic fever, caused by SFTS virus (SFTSV), a novel phlebovirus of family Bunyaviridae. This syndrome is also a tick-borne zoonosis that means the virus transmitted from tick bite (having virus) into human body, i.e. infection spread from animals to humans and also transmitted from human to human. Epidemiological data of SFTS was collected to know the nature/symptoms of SFTSV. First case of this disease has been reported in China, followed by Japan, South korea, Taiwan, USA and many other countries. Vertebrates are the host of this disease and tick functions as a vector, where the virus can undergo brisk changes using gene mutation, homologous recombination and reassortments. The major symptoms of hemorrhagic fever are fever, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia and gastrointestinal abnormalities. Sometimes in very severe cases, full body organ failure may also take place and average death rate in humans is nearly 10 %. Old aged peoples are more prone to SFTSV infection. Apart from the fact of increasing SFTSV related health problems to humans, the pathogenesis of SFTS virus in human is not entirely understood and no treatment to this virus is still available. The simplest way to protect our self from this infection is to refrain from tick bite. Therefore, this disease has evolved to produce serious health issues to humans in various countries of world including china. This review discussing about causative agent, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of SFTS. In order to control the spread of SFTSV, we have to stop the viral transmission or to protect the easily vulnerable population from tick bites, avoiding direct contact of infectious and also to use personal protective devices for SFTS patients. So, the weather conditions, mode of transmission and creation of new therapeutics like vaccines and drugs are the main areas of forthcoming research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sharma
- Department of Life Sciences, IAMR College, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Mohit Kamthania
- Department of Life Sciences, IAMR College, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh India
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Abstract
Chemokines are a family of small proteins, subdivided by their conserved cysteine residues and common structural features. Chemokines interact with their cognate G-protein-coupled receptors to elicit downstream signals that result in cell migration, proliferation, and survival. This review presents evidence for how the various CXC and CC subfamily chemokines influence bone hemostasis by acting on osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and progenitor cells. Also discussed are the ways in which chemokines contribute to bone loss as a result of inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, HIV infection, and periodontal infection. Both positive and negative effects of chemokines on bone formation and bone loss are presented. In addition, the role of chemokines in altering the bone microenvironment through effects on angiogenesis and tumor invasion is discussed. Very few therapeutic agents that influence bone formation by targeting chemokines or chemokine receptors are available, although a few are currently being evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Gilchrist
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA.
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Alvarez C, Monasterio G, Cavalla F, Córdova LA, Hernández M, Heymann D, Garlet GP, Sorsa T, Pärnänen P, Lee HM, Golub LM, Vernal R, Kantarci A. Osteoimmunology of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases: Translational Applications Based on Biological Mechanisms. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1664. [PMID: 31379856 PMCID: PMC6657671 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The maxillofacial skeleton is highly dynamic and requires a constant equilibrium between the bone resorption and bone formation. The field of osteoimmunology explores the interactions between bone metabolism and the immune response, providing a context to study the complex cellular and molecular networks involved in oro-maxillofacial osteolytic diseases. In this review, we present a framework for understanding the potential mechanisms underlying the immuno-pathobiology in etiologically-diverse diseases that affect the oral and maxillofacial region and share bone destruction as their common clinical outcome. These otherwise different pathologies share similar inflammatory pathways mediated by central cellular players, such as macrophages, T and B cells, that promote the differentiation and activation of osteoclasts, ineffective or insufficient bone apposition by osteoblasts, and the continuous production of osteoclastogenic signals by immune and local stromal cells. We also present the potential translational applications of this knowledge based on the biological mechanisms involved in the inflammation-induced bone destruction. Such applications can be the development of immune-based therapies that promote bone healing/regeneration, the identification of host-derived inflammatory/collagenolytic biomarkers as diagnostics tools, the assessment of links between oral and systemic diseases; and the characterization of genetic polymorphisms in immune or bone-related genes that will help diagnosis of susceptible individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Alvarez
- Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gustavo Monasterio
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Franco Cavalla
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis A Córdova
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, San Jose's Hospital and Clínica Las Condes, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela Hernández
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dominique Heymann
- INSERM, UMR 1232, LabCT, CRCINA, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Gustavo P Garlet
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Oral Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pirjo Pärnänen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hsi-Ming Lee
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Lorne M Golub
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Rolando Vernal
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Dentistry Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Bi CS, Sun LJ, Qu HL, Chen F, Tian BM, Chen FM. The relationship between T-helper cell polarization and the RANKL/OPG ratio in gingival tissues from chronic periodontitis patients. Clin Exp Dent Res 2019; 5:377-388. [PMID: 31944625 PMCID: PMC7938418 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between inflammation‐related T‐helper cell polarization and the receptor activator for nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) ratio, which is associated with bone resorption or remodeling of chronic periodontitis patients. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and gingival tissues were obtained from periodontally healthy individuals (PH group) and chronic periodontitis patients (CP group). The GCF levels of IFN‐γ, IL‐4, IL‐17, and IL‐10 linked to T‐helper cell polarization toward the Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg phenotypes, respectively, were determined by ELISA. The expression levels of these cytokines and the polarized T‐helper cells in gingival tissues were assessed through immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence assays. In addition, the RANKL and OPG expression levels in gingival tissues were detected by immunohistochemical assays, and linear regression analysis was used to identify the potential relationship between T‐helper cell polarization and the RANKL/OPG ratio. In total, 22 individuals and 35 patients were enrolled in the present study. In both GCF and gingival tissues, increased levels of IL‐17 and the decreased levels of IL‐4 and IL‐10 were observed in the CP group. When polarized T‐helper cells were identified in gingival tissues, more Th1 and Th17 cells were found in the CP group, whereas more Th2 and Treg cells were found in the PH group. Although there was no significant difference in OPG expression between the two groups, the RANKL/OPG ratio in the CP group was higher than that in the PH group. The linear regression analysis showed that the presence of more Th1 and Th17 cells correlated with a higher RANKL/OPG ratio, whereas the presence of more Th2 cells correlated with a lower RANKL/OPG ratio. Th1 and Th17 cells are positively correlated and Th2 cells are negatively correlated with the RANKL/OPG ratio. Our data suggest that T‐helper cell polarization is closely linked to the RANKL/OPG ratio in gingival tissues from chronic periodontitis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Sheng Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li-Juan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hong-Lei Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bei-Min Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fa-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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9
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Monasterio G, Castillo F, Ibarra JP, Guevara J, Rojas L, Alvarez C, Fernández B, Agüero A, Betancur D, Vernal R. Alveolar bone resorption and Th1/Th17-associated immune response triggered duringAggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans-induced experimental periodontitis are serotype-dependent. J Periodontol 2018; 89:1249-1261. [DOI: 10.1002/jper.17-0563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Monasterio
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory; Faculty of Dentistry; Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Francisca Castillo
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory; Faculty of Dentistry; Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Ibarra
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory; Faculty of Dentistry; Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - José Guevara
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory; Faculty of Dentistry; Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Leticia Rojas
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory; Faculty of Dentistry; Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Carla Alvarez
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory; Faculty of Dentistry; Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Baltasar Fernández
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory; Faculty of Dentistry; Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Amaru Agüero
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory; Faculty of Dentistry; Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Daniel Betancur
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory; Faculty of Biological Sciences; Universidad de Concepción; Concepción Chile
| | - Rolando Vernal
- Periodontal Biology Laboratory; Faculty of Dentistry; Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
- Dentistry Unit; Faculty of Health Sciences; Universidad Autónoma de Chile; Santiago Chile
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10
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CCR5Δ32 (rs333) polymorphism is associated with decreased risk of chronic and aggressive periodontitis: A case-control analysis based in disease resistance and susceptibility phenotypes. Cytokine 2017; 103:142-149. [PMID: 28969941 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic and aggressive periodontitis are infectious diseases characterized by the irreversible destruction of periodontal tissues, which is mediated by the host inflammatory immune response triggered by periodontal infection. The chemokine receptor CCR5 play an important role in disease pathogenesis, contributing to pro-inflammatory response and osteoclastogenesis. CCR5Δ32 (rs333) is a loss-of-function mutation in the CCR5 gene, which can potentially modulate the host response and, consequently periodontitis outcome. Thus, we investigated the effect of the CCR5Δ32 mutation over the risk to suffer periodontitis in a cohort of Brazilian patients (total N=699), representative of disease susceptibility (chronic periodontitis, N=197; and aggressive periodontitis, N=91) or resistance (chronic gingivitis, N=193) phenotypes, and healthy subjects (N=218). Additionally, we assayed the influence of CCR5Δ32 in the expression of the biomarkers TNFα, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-6, IFN-γ and T-bet, and key periodontal pathogens P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, and T. denticola. In the association analysis of resistant versus susceptible subjects, CCR5Δ32 mutant allele-carriers proved significantly protected against chronic (OR 0.49; 95% CI 0.29-0.83; p-value 0.01) and aggressive (OR 0.46; 95% CI 0.22-0.94; p-value 0.03) periodontitis. Further, heterozygous subjects exhibited significantly decreased expression of TNFα in periodontal tissues, pointing to a functional effect of the mutation in periodontal tissues during the progression of the disease. Conversely, no significant changes were observed in the presence or quantity of the periodontal pathogens P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, and T. denticola in the subgingival biofilm that could be attributable to the mutant genotype.
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Tang Q, Chen LL, Wei F, Sun WL, Lei LH, Ding PH, Tan JY, Chen XT, Wu YM. Effect of 15-Deoxy-Δ 12,14-prostaglandin J 2Nanocapsules on Inflammation and Bone Regeneration in a Rat Bone Defect Model. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017; 130:347-356. [PMID: 28139520 PMCID: PMC5308019 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.198924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2), one of the major metabolites from prostaglandin D2 in arachidonic acid metabolic pathway, has potential anti-inflammatory properties. The objective of this study was to explore the effects of 15d-PGJ2-loaded poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanocapsules (15d-PGJ2-NC) on inflammatory responses and bone regeneration in local bone defect. METHODS The study was conducted on 96 Wistar rats from June 2014 to March 2016. Saline, unloaded nanoparticles, free 15d-PGJ2or 15d-PGJ2-NC, were delivered through a collagen vehicle inside surgically created transcortical defects in rat femurs. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels in the surrounding soft tissue were analyzed by Western blot and in the defect by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction over 14 days. Simultaneously, bone morphogenetic protein-6 (BMP-6) and platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGF-B) messenger RNA (mRNA) in the defect were examined. New bone formation and EphrinB2 and osteoprotegerin (OPG) protein expression in the cortical defect were observed by Masson's Trichrome staining and immunohistochemistry over 28 days. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance. Least-significant difference and Dunnett's T3 methods were used with a bilateral P< 0.05. RESULTS Application of l5d-PGJ2-NC (100 μg/ml) in the local bone defect significantly decreased IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α mRNA and protein, compared with saline-treated controls (P < 0.05). l5d-PGJ2-NC upregulated BMP-6 and PDGF-B mRNA (P < 0.05). New bone formation was observed in the cortical defect in l5d-PGJ2-NC-treated animals from 7th day onward (P < 0.001). Expression of EphrinB2 and OPG presented early on day 3 and persisted through day 28 in 15d-PGJ2-NC group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Stable l5d-PGJ2-NC complexes were prepared that could attenuate IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α expression, while increasing new bone formation and growth factors related to bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Tang
- Department of Oral Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Li-Li Chen
- Department of Oral Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Fen Wei
- Department of Oral Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Wei-Lian Sun
- Department of Oral Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Li-Hong Lei
- Department of Oral Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Pei-Hui Ding
- Department of Oral Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Jing-Yi Tan
- Department of Oral Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Xiao-Tao Chen
- Department of Oral Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Yan-Min Wu
- Department of Oral Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
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Messora MR, Apolinário Vieira GH, Vanderlei JMTMM, Mariguela VC, Fernandes PG, Palioto DB, Scombatti de Souza SL, Novaes AB, Furlaneto F, Taba M. Rosuvastatin promotes benefits on induced periodontitis in hypertensive rats. J Periodontal Res 2017; 52:734-744. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. R. Messora
- Department of Oral Surgery and Periodontology; Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry; University of São Paulo - USP; Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - G. H. Apolinário Vieira
- Department of Oral Surgery and Periodontology; Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry; University of São Paulo - USP; Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - J. M. T. M. M. Vanderlei
- Department of Oral Surgery and Periodontology; Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry; University of São Paulo - USP; Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - V. C. Mariguela
- Department of Oral Surgery and Periodontology; Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry; University of São Paulo - USP; Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - P. G. Fernandes
- Department of Oral Surgery and Periodontology; Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry; University of São Paulo - USP; Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - D. B. Palioto
- Department of Oral Surgery and Periodontology; Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry; University of São Paulo - USP; Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - S. L. Scombatti de Souza
- Department of Oral Surgery and Periodontology; Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry; University of São Paulo - USP; Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - A. B. Novaes
- Department of Oral Surgery and Periodontology; Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry; University of São Paulo - USP; Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - F. Furlaneto
- Department of Oral Surgery and Periodontology; Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry; University of São Paulo - USP; Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - M. Taba
- Department of Oral Surgery and Periodontology; Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry; University of São Paulo - USP; Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
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NADPH Oxidase Contributes to Resistance against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans-Induced Periodontitis in Mice. Infect Immun 2017; 85:IAI.00849-16. [PMID: 27849181 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00849-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is a Gram-negative commensal bacterium of the oral cavity which has been associated with the pathogenesis of periodontitis with severe alveolar bone destruction. The role of host factors such as reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates in periodontal A. actinomycetemcomitans infection and progression to periodontitis is still ill-defined. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the role of NADPH oxidase and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in a murine model of A. actinomycetemcomitans-induced periodontitis. NADPH oxidase-deficient (gp91phox knockout [KO]), iNOS-deficient (iNOS KO), and C57BL/6 wild-type mice were orally infected with A. actinomycetemcomitans and analyzed for bacterial colonization at various time points. Alveolar bone mineral density and alveolar bone volume were quantified by three-dimensional micro-computed tomography, and the degree of tissue inflammation was calculated by histological analyses. At 5 weeks after infection, A. actinomycetemcomitans persisted at significantly higher levels in the murine oral cavities of infected gp91phox KO mice than in those of iNOS KO and C57BL/6 mice. Concomitantly, alveolar bone mineral density was significantly lower in all three infected groups than in uninfected controls, but with the highest loss of bone density in infected gp91phox KO mice. Only infected gp91phox KO mice revealed significant loss of alveolar bone volume and enhanced inflammatory cell infiltration, as well as an increased number of osteoclasts. Our results indicate that NADPH oxidase is important to control A. actinomycetemcomitans infection in the murine oral cavity and to prevent subsequent alveolar bone destruction and osteoclastogenesis.
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CCL5/RANTES contributes to hypothalamic insulin signaling for systemic insulin responsiveness through CCR5. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37659. [PMID: 27898058 PMCID: PMC5127185 DOI: 10.1038/srep37659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Many neurodegenerative diseases are accompanied by metabolic disorders. CCL5/RANTES, and its receptor CCR5 are known to contribute to neuronal function as well as to metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, atherosclerosis and metabolic changes after HIV infection. Herein, we found that the lack of CCR5 or CCL5 in mice impaired regulation of energy metabolism in hypothalamus. Immunostaining and co-immunoprecipitation revealed the specific expression of CCR5, associated with insulin receptors, in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC). Both ex vivo stimulation and in vitro tissue culture studies demonstrated that the activation of insulin, and PI3K-Akt pathways were impaired in CCR5 and CCL5 deficient hypothalamus. The inhibitory phosphorylation of insulin response substrate-1 at Ser302 (IRS-1S302) but not IRS-2, by insulin was markedly increased in CCR5 and CCL5 deficient animals. Elevating CCR5/CCL5 activity induced GLUT4 membrane translocation and reduced phospho-IRS-1S302 through AMPKα-S6 Kinase. Blocking CCR5 using the antagonist, MetCCL5, abolished the de-phosphorylation of IRS-1S302 and insulin signal activation. In addition, intracerebroventricular delivery of MetCCL5 interrupted hypothalamic insulin signaling and elicited peripheral insulin responsiveness and glucose intolerance. Taken together, our data suggest that CCR5 regulates insulin signaling in hypothalamus which contributes to systemic insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism.
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15
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Alvarez C, Benítez A, Rojas L, Pujol M, Carvajal P, Díaz-Zúñiga J, Vernal R. Differential expression of CC chemokines (CCLs) and receptors (CCRs) by human T lymphocytes in response to different Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans serotypes. J Appl Oral Sci 2016; 23:580-90. [PMID: 26814460 PMCID: PMC4716696 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720150285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, different serotypes have been described based on LPS antigenicity. Recently, our research group has reported a differential immunogenicity when T lymphocytes were stimulated with these different serotypes. In particular, it was demonstrated that the serotype b of A. actinomycetemcomitans has a stronger capacity to trigger Th1- and Th17-type cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Biología Periodontal, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alvaro Benítez
- Laboratorio de Biología Periodontal, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leticia Rojas
- Laboratorio de Biología Periodontal, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Myriam Pujol
- Laboratorio de Biología Periodontal, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Carvajal
- Departamento de Odontología Conservadora, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Díaz-Zúñiga
- Departamento de Odontología Conservadora, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rolando Vernal
- Laboratorio de Biología Periodontal, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Cavalla F, Biguetti CC, Colavite PM, Silveira EV, Martins W, Letra A, Trombone APF, Silva RM, Garlet GP. TBX21-1993T/C (rs4794067) polymorphism is associated with increased risk of chronic periodontitis and increased T-bet expression in periodontal lesions, but does not significantly impact the IFN-g transcriptional level or the pattern of periodontophatic bacterial infection. Virulence 2016; 6:293-304. [PMID: 25832120 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2015.1029828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Th1-polarized host response, mediated by IFN-γ, has been associated with increased severity of periodontal disease as well as control of periodontal infection. The functional polymorphism TBX21-1993T/C (rs4794067) increases the transcriptional activity of the TBX21 gene (essential for Th1 polarization) resulting in a predisposition to a Th-1 biased immune response. Thus, we conducted a case-control study, including a population of healthy controls (H, n = 218), chronic periodontitis (CP, n = 197), and chronic gingivitis patients (CG, n = 193), to investigate if genetic variations in TBX21 could impact the development of Th1 responses, and consequently influence the pattern of bacterial infection and periodontitis outcome. We observed that the polymorphic allele T was significantly enriched in the CP patients compared to CG subjects, while the H controls demonstrated and intermediate genotype. Also, investigating the putative functionality TBX21-1993T/C in the modulation of local response, we observed that the transcripts levels of T-bet, but not of IFN-γ, were upregulated in homozygote and heterozygote polymorphic subjects. In addition, TBX21-1993T/C did not influence the pattern of bacterial infection or the clinical parameters of disease severity, being the presence/absence of red complex bacteria the main factor associated with the disease status and the subrogate variable probing depth (PD) in the logistic regression analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Cavalla
- a Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas; Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru Universidade de São Paulo (FOB/USP) ; Bauru , Brazil
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17
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Silva N, Abusleme L, Bravo D, Dutzan N, Garcia-Sesnich J, Vernal R, Hernández M, Gamonal J. Host response mechanisms in periodontal diseases. J Appl Oral Sci 2015. [PMID: 26221929 PMCID: PMC4510669 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720140259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases usually refer to common inflammatory disorders known as gingivitis and periodontitis, which are caused by a pathogenic microbiota in the subgingival biofilm, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola that trigger innate, inflammatory, and adaptive immune responses. These processes result in the destruction of the tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth, and eventually in tissue, bone and finally, tooth loss. The innate immune response constitutes a homeostatic system, which is the first line of defense, and is able to recognize invading microorganisms as non-self, triggering immune responses to eliminate them. In addition to the innate immunity, adaptive immunity cells and characteristic cytokines have been described as important players in the periodontal disease pathogenesis scenario, with a special attention to CD4+ T-cells (T-helper cells). Interestingly, the T cell-mediated adaptive immunity development is highly dependent on innate immunity-associated antigen presenting cells, which after antigen capture undergo into a maturation process and migrate towards the lymph nodes, where they produce distinct patterns of cytokines that will contribute to the subsequent polarization and activation of specific T CD4+ lymphocytes. Skeletal homeostasis depends on a dynamic balance between the activities of the bone-forming osteoblasts (OBLs) and bone-resorbing osteoclasts (OCLs). This balance is tightly controlled by various regulatory systems, such as the endocrine system, and is influenced by the immune system, an osteoimmunological regulation depending on lymphocyte- and macrophage-derived cytokines. All these cytokines and inflammatory mediators are capable of acting alone or in concert, to stimulate periodontal breakdown and collagen destruction via tissue-derived matrix metalloproteinases, a characterization of the progression of periodontitis as a stage that presents a significantly host immune and inflammatory response to the microbial challenge that determine of susceptibility to develop the destructive/progressive periodontitis under the influence of multiple behavioral, environmental and genetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Silva
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Loreto Abusleme
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Denisse Bravo
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Dutzan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jocelyn Garcia-Sesnich
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rolando Vernal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela Hernández
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Gamonal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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18
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Marques RE, Guabiraba R, Del Sarto JL, Rocha RF, Queiroz AL, Cisalpino D, Marques PE, Pacca CC, Fagundes CT, Menezes GB, Nogueira ML, Souza DG, Teixeira MM. Dengue virus requires the CC-chemokine receptor CCR5 for replication and infection development. Immunology 2015; 145:583-96. [PMID: 25939314 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue is a mosquito-borne disease that affects millions of people worldwide yearly. Currently, there is no vaccine or specific treatment available. Further investigation on dengue pathogenesis is required to better understand the disease and to identify potential therapeutic targets. The chemokine system has been implicated in dengue pathogenesis, although the specific role of chemokines and their receptors remains elusive. Here we describe the role of the CC-chemokine receptor CCR5 in Dengue virus (DENV-2) infection. In vitro experiments showed that CCR5 is a host factor required for DENV-2 replication in human and mouse macrophages. DENV-2 infection induces the expression of CCR5 ligands. Incubation with an antagonist prevents CCR5 activation and reduces DENV-2 positive-stranded (+) RNA inside macrophages. Using an immunocompetent mouse model of DENV-2 infection we found that CCR5(-/-) mice were resistant to lethal infection, presenting at least 100-fold reduction of viral load in target organs and significant reduction in disease severity. This phenotype was reproduced in wild-type mice treated with CCR5-blocking compounds. Therefore, CCR5 is a host factor required for DENV-2 replication and disease development. Targeting CCR5 might represent a therapeutic strategy for dengue fever. These data bring new insights on the association between viral infections and the chemokine receptor CCR5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael E Marques
- Immunopharmacology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana L Del Sarto
- Immunopharmacology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rebeca F Rocha
- Immunopharmacology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Queiroz
- Immunopharmacology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Daniel Cisalpino
- Microorganism/Host Interaction, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Pedro E Marques
- Immunobiophotonics, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Carolina C Pacca
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Virologia, Departamento de Doenças Dermatológicas, Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caio T Fagundes
- Microorganism/Host Interaction, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Gustavo B Menezes
- Immunobiophotonics, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maurício L Nogueira
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Virologia, Departamento de Doenças Dermatológicas, Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danielle G Souza
- Microorganism/Host Interaction, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mauro M Teixeira
- Immunopharmacology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Vieira AE, Repeke CE, Ferreira Junior SDB, Colavite PM, Biguetti CC, Oliveira RC, Assis GF, Taga R, Trombone APF, Garlet GP. Intramembranous bone healing process subsequent to tooth extraction in mice: micro-computed tomography, histomorphometric and molecular characterization. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128021. [PMID: 26023920 PMCID: PMC4449187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue has a significant potential for healing, which involves a significant the interplay between bone and immune cells. While fracture healing represents a useful model to investigate endochondral bone healing, intramembranous bone healing models are yet to be developed and characterized. In this study, a micro-computed tomography, histomorphometric and molecular (RealTimePCRarray) characterization of post tooth-extraction alveolar bone healing was performed on C57Bl/6 WT mice. After the initial clot dominance (0h), the development of a provisional immature granulation tissue is evident (7d), characterized by marked cell proliferation, angiogenesis and inflammatory cells infiltration; associated with peaks of growth factors (BMP-2-4-7,TGFβ1,VEGFa), cytokines (TNFα, IL-10), chemokines & receptors (CXCL12, CCL25, CCR5, CXCR4), matrix (Col1a1-2, ITGA4, VTN, MMP1a) and MSCs (CD105, CD106, OCT4, NANOG, CD34, CD146) markers expression. Granulation tissue is sequentially replaced by more mature connective tissue (14d), characterized by inflammatory infiltrate reduction along the increased bone formation, marked expression of matrix remodeling enzymes (MMP-2-9), bone formation/maturation (RUNX2, ALP, DMP1, PHEX, SOST) markers, and chemokines & receptors associated with healing (CCL2, CCL17, CCR2). No evidences of cartilage cells or tissue were observed, strengthening the intramembranous nature of bone healing. Bone microarchitecture analysis supports the evolving healing, with total tissue and bone volumes as trabecular number and thickness showing a progressive increase over time. The extraction socket healing process is considered complete (21d) when the dental socket is filled by trabeculae bone with well-defined medullary canals; it being the expression of mature bone markers prevalent at this period. Our data confirms the intramembranous bone healing nature of the model used, revealing parallels between the gene expression profile and the histomorphometric events and the potential participation of MCSs and immune cells in the healing process, supporting the forthcoming application of the model for the better understanding of the bone healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Espindola Vieira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Repeke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Priscila Maria Colavite
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudia Cristina Biguetti
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Cardoso Oliveira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Gerson Francisco Assis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Rumio Taga
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Gustavo Pompermaier Garlet
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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20
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Araujo-Pires AC, Vieira AE, Francisconi CF, Biguetti CC, Glowacki A, Yoshizawa S, Campanelli AP, Trombone APF, Sfeir CS, Little SR, Garlet GP. IL-4/CCL22/CCR4 axis controls regulatory T-cell migration that suppresses inflammatory bone loss in murine experimental periodontitis. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:412-22. [PMID: 25264308 PMCID: PMC4542048 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bone resorption is a hallmark of periodontitis, and Tregs and Th2 cells are independently associated with disease progression attenuation. In this study, we employed an infection-triggered inflammatory osteolysis model to investigate the mechanisms underlying Treg and Th2 cell migration and the impact on disease outcome. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans-infected C57Bl/6 (wild-type [WT]) mice develop an intense inflammatory reaction and alveolar bone resorption, and Treg and Th2 cell migration is temporally associated with disease progression attenuation. Tregs extracted from the lesions preferentially express CCR4 and CCR8, whereas Th2 cells express CCR3, CCR4, and CCR8. The absence of CCR5 and CCR8 did not significantly impact the migration of Tregs and Th2 cells or affect the disease outcome. CCR4KO mice presented a minor reduction in Th2 cells in parallel with major impairment of Treg migration, which was associated with increased inflammatory bone loss and higher proinflammatory and osteoclastogenic cytokine levels. The blockade of the CCR4 ligand CCL22 in WT mice resulted in an increased inflammatory bone loss phenotype similar to that in the CCR4KO strain. Adoptive transfer of CCR4(+) Tregs to the CCR4KO strain revert the increased disease phenotype to WT mice-like levels; also, the in situ production of CCL22 in the lesions is mandatory for Tregs migration and the consequent bone loss arrest. The local release of exogenous CCL22 provided by poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles promotes migration of Tregs and disease arrest in the absence of endogenous CCL22 in the IL-4KO strain, characterized by the lack of endogenous CCL22 production, defective migration of Tregs, and exacerbated bone loss. In summary, our results show that the IL-4/CCL22/CCR4 axis is involved in the migration of Tregs to osteolytic lesion sites, and attenuates development of lesions by inhibiting inflammatory migration and the production of proinflammatory and osteoclastogenic mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Claudia Araujo-Pires
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, Sao Paulo University (FOB/USP), Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Andreia Espindola Vieira
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, Sao Paulo University (FOB/USP), Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Favaro Francisconi
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, Sao Paulo University (FOB/USP), Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudia Cristina Biguetti
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, Sao Paulo University (FOB/USP), Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Andrew Glowacki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- The McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- The Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sayuri Yoshizawa
- The McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- The Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ana Paula Campanelli
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, Sao Paulo University (FOB/USP), Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Charles S. Sfeir
- The McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- The Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Steven R. Little
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- The McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- The Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gustavo Pompermaier Garlet
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry of Bauru, Sao Paulo University (FOB/USP), Bauru, SP, Brazil
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Araujo-Pires AC, Francisconi CF, Biguetti CC, Cavalla F, Aranha AMF, Letra A, Trombone APF, Faveri M, Silva RM, Garlet GP. Simultaneous analysis of T helper subsets (Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, Th22, Tfh, Tr1 and Tregs) markers expression in periapical lesions reveals multiple cytokine clusters accountable for lesions activity and inactivity status. J Appl Oral Sci 2014; 22:336-46. [PMID: 25141207 PMCID: PMC4126831 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720140140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Previous studies demonstrate that the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators determines the stable or progressive nature of periapical granulomas by modulating the balance of the osteoclastogenic factor RANKL and its antagonist OPG. However, the cytokine networks operating in the development of periapical lesions are quite more complex than what the simple pro- versus anti-inflammatory mediators' paradigm suggests. Here we simultaneously investigated the patterns of Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, Th22, Thf, Tr1 and Tregs cytokines/markers expression in human periapical granulomas. METHODS The expression of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-17A, IL23, IL21, IL-33, IL-10, IL-4, IL-9, IL-22, FOXp3 markers (via RealTimePCR array) was accessed in active/progressive (N=40) versus inactive/stable (N=70) periapical granulomas (as determined by RANKL/OPG expression ratio), and also to compare these samples with a panel of control specimens (N=26). A cluster analysis of 13 cytokine levels was performed to examine possible clustering between the cytokines in a total of 110 granulomas. RESULTS The expression of all target cytokines was higher in the granulomas than in control samples. TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-17A and IL-21 mRNA levels were significantly higher in active granulomas, while in inactive lesions the expression levels of IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, IL-22 and FOXp3 were higher than in active granulomas. Five clusters were identified in inactive lesion groups, being the variance in the expression levels of IL-17, IL-10, FOXp3, IFN-γ, IL-9, IL-33 and IL-4 statistically significant (KW p<0.05). Three clusters were identified in active lesions, being the variance in the expression levels of IL-22, IL-10, IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-33, FOXp3, IL-21 and RANKL statistically significant (KW p<0.05). CONCLUSION There is a clear dichotomy in the profile of cytokine expression in inactive and active periapical lesions. While the widespread cytokine expression seems to be a feature of chronic lesions, hierarchical cluster analysis demonstrates the association of TNF-α, IL-21, IL-17 and IFN-γ with lesions activity, and the association of FOXP3, IL-10, IL-9, IL-4 and IL-22 with lesions inactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Claudia Araujo-Pires
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Claudia Cristina Biguetti
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Franco Cavalla
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Andreza Maria Fabio Aranha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Ariadne Letra
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA
| | | | - Marcelo Faveri
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato Menezes Silva
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Gustavo Pompermaier Garlet
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
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Medeiros MCD, Frasnelli SCT, Bastos ADS, Orrico SRP, Rossa C. Modulation of cell proliferation, survival and gene expression by RAGE and TLR signaling in cells of the innate and adaptive immune response: role of p38 MAPK and NF-KB. J Appl Oral Sci 2014; 22:185-93. [PMID: 25025559 PMCID: PMC4072269 DOI: 10.1590/1678-775720130593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate a possible synergism between AGE-RAGE and
TLR4 signaling and the role of p38 MAPK and NF-kB signaling pathways on the
modulation of the expression of inflammatory cytokines and proliferation of cells
from the innate and adaptive immune response. Material and Methods T lymphocyte (JM) and monocyte (U937) cell lines were stimulated with LPS and
AGE-BSA independently and associated, both in the presence and absence of p38 MAPK
and NF-kB inhibitors. Proliferation was assessed by direct counting and viability
was assessed by a biochemical assay of mitochondrial function. Cytokine gene
expression for RAGe, CCL3, CCR5, IL-6 and TNF-α was studied by RT-PCR and
RT-qPCR. Results RAGE mRNA expression was detected in both cell lines. LPS and AGE-BSA did not
influence cell proliferation and viability of either cell line up to 72 hours. LPS
and LPS associated with AGE induced expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in monocytes and
T cells, respectively. Conclusions There is no synergistic effect between RAGE and TLR signaling on the expression of
IL-6, TNF-α , RAGE, CCR5 and CCL3 by monocytes and lymphocytes. Activation of RAGE
associated or not with TLR signaling also had no effect on cell proliferation and
survival of these cell types.
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Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome, an emerging tick-borne zoonosis. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2014; 14:763-772. [DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(14)70718-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Jönsson D, Aggarwal P, Nilsson BO, Demmer RT. Beneficial Effects of Hormone Replacement Therapy on Periodontitis Are Vitamin D Associated. J Periodontol 2013; 84:1048-57. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2012.120434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Peritoneal Administration of Met-RANTES Attenuates Inflammatory and Nociceptive Responses in a Murine Neuropathic Pain Model. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2012.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Taddei SRDA, Queiroz-Junior CM, Moura AP, Andrade I, Garlet GP, Proudfoot AEI, Teixeira MM, da Silva TA. The effect of CCL3 and CCR1 in bone remodeling induced by mechanical loading during orthodontic tooth movement in mice. Bone 2013; 52:259-67. [PMID: 23059626 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2012.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Revised: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Bone remodeling is affected by mechanical loading and inflammatory mediators, including chemokines. The chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 (CCL3) is involved in bone remodeling by binding to C-C chemokine receptors 1 and 5 (CCR1 and CCR5) expressed on osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Our group has previously demonstrated that CCR5 down-regulates mechanical loading-induced bone resorption. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the role of CCR1 and CCL3 in bone remodeling induced by mechanical loading during orthodontic tooth movement in mice. Our results showed that bone remodeling was significantly decreased in CCL3(-/-) and CCR1(-/-) mice and in animals treated with Met-RANTES (an antagonist of CCR5 and CCR1). mRNA levels of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANK), its ligand RANKL, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and RANKL/osteoprotegerin (OPG) ratio were diminished in the periodontium of CCL3(-/-) mice and in the group treated with Met-RANTES. Met-RANTES treatment also reduced the levels of cathepsin K and metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13). The expression of the osteoblast markers runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and periostin was decreased, while osteocalcin (OCN) was augmented in CCL3(-/-) and Met-RANTES-treated mice. Altogether, these findings show that CCR1 is pivotal for bone remodeling induced by mechanical loading during orthodontic tooth movement and these actions depend, at least in part, on CCL3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana R de Albuquerque Taddei
- Laboratory Immunopharmacology, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, ICB/UFMG, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos 6627, 31.270-9010, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Napimoga MH, da Silva CAT, Carregaro V, Farnesi-de-Assunção TS, Duarte PM, de Melo NFS, Fraceto LF. Exogenous Administration of 15d-PGJ2–Loaded Nanocapsules Inhibits Bone Resorption in a Mouse Periodontitis Model. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:1043-52. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1200730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Koenen RR, Weber C. Chemokines: established and novel targets in atherosclerosis. EMBO Mol Med 2011; 3:713-25. [PMID: 22038924 PMCID: PMC3377113 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201100183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In their role as small chemotactic cytokines, chemokines are crucial mediators and regulators of leukocyte trafficking during immune surveillance and inflammation. Their involvement in the development and progression of inflammatory diseases has been subject of intense investigation. Concordantly, the chemokine system has been explored in search for therapeutic targets to prevent or treat inflammatory disorders, such as atherosclerosis. Targeting the chemokine system offers various entry points for a causative treatment of this widespread and chronic illness. Although this approach has encountered some setbacks, several innovative compounds are currently in an advanced stage of development. In this review, the current standing of this dynamic field is highlighted and the potential advantages and drawbacks of particular strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory R Koenen
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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