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Li W, Ali T, He K, Zheng C, Li N, Yu Z, Li S. ApoE4 dysregulation incites depressive symptoms and mitochondrial impairments in mice. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18160. [PMID: 38506067 PMCID: PMC10951871 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) is involved in the stress-response processes and is hypothesized to be a risk factor for depression by means of mitochondrial dysfunction. However, their exact roles and underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. ApoE4 transgenic mice (B6. Cg-ApoEtm1Unc Cdh18Tg( GFAP-APOE i4)1Hol /J) were subjected to stress (lipopolysaccharides, LPS) to elucidate the aetiology of ApoE4-induced depression. LPS treatment significantly aggravated depression-like behaviours, concurrent with neuroinflammation and impaired mitochondrial changes, and melatonin/Urolithin A (UA) + 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-β-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) reversed these effects in ApoE4 mice. Concurrently, ApoE4 mice exhibited mitophagy deficits, which could be further exacerbated by LPS stimulation, as demonstrated by reduced Atg5, Beclin-1 and Parkin levels, while PINK1 levels were increased. However, these changes were reversed by melatonin treatment. Additionally, proteomic profiling suggested mitochondria-related signalling and network changes in ApoE4 mice, which may underlie the exaggerated response to LPS. Furthermore, HEK 293T cells transfected with ApoE4 showed mitochondria-associated protein and mitophagy defects, including PGC-1α, TFAM, p-AMPKα, PINK1 and LC3B impairments. Additionally, it aggravates mitochondrial impairment (particularly mitophagy), which can be attenuated by triggering autophagy. Collectively, ApoE4 dysregulation enhanced depressive behaviour upon LPS stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifen Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen University School of MedicineShenzhenChina
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and BiotechnologyPeking University Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhenChina
| | - Tahir Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and BiotechnologyPeking University Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhenChina
- Shenzhen Bay LaboratoryShenzhenChina
| | - Kaiwu He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and BiotechnologyPeking University Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhenChina
| | - Chengyou Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and BiotechnologyPeking University Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhenChina
| | - Ningning Li
- Tomas Lindahl Nobel Laureate Laboratory, Precision Medicine Research CentreThe Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Zhi‐Jian Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen University School of MedicineShenzhenChina
| | - Shupeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and BiotechnologyPeking University Shenzhen Graduate SchoolShenzhenChina
- Shenzhen Bay LaboratoryShenzhenChina
- Campbell Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental HealthTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
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2
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Cho JH, Chae CW, Lim JR, Jung YH, Han SJ, Yoon JH, Park JY, Han HJ. Sodium butyrate ameliorates high glucose-suppressed neuronal mitophagy by restoring PRKN expression via inhibiting the RELA-HDAC8 complex. Autophagy 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38409852 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2323785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Damaged mitochondria accumulation in diabetes is one of the main features that contribute to increased incidence of cognitive impairment by inducing apoptosis. Butyrate is a major metabolite produced by microbiota that has neuroprotective effects by regulating mitochondrial function. However, detailed mechanisms underlying how butyrate can regulate neuronal mitophagy remain unclear. Here, we examined the regulatory effects of sodium butyrate (NaB) on high glucose-induced mitophagy dysregulation, neuronal apoptosis, and cognitive impairment and its underlying mechanisms in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons, SH-SY5Ys, and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. In our results, diabetic mice showed gut-microbiota dysbiosis, especially a decreased number of butyrate-producing bacteria and reduced NaB plasma concentration. NaB ameliorated high glucose-induced neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction by recovering PRKN/Parkin-mediated mitophagy. High glucose-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and -inhibited PRKAA/AMPKα stimulated the RELA/p65-HDAC8 complex, which downregulated PRKN protein expression by binding to the PRKN promoter region. NaB restored PRKN expression by blocking RELA nuclear translocation and directly inhibiting HDAC8 in the nucleus. In addition, HDAC8 overexpression inhibited the positive effect of NaB on high glucose-induced mitophagy dysfunction and neuronal apoptosis. Oral administration of NaB improved cognitive impairment in diabetic mice by restoring mitophagy in the hippocampus. Taken together, NaB ameliorates neuronal mitophagy through PRKN restoration by inhibiting RELA-HDAC8 complexes, suggesting that NaB is an important substance for protecting neuronal apoptosis in diabetes-associated cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyeon Cho
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education & Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang Woo Chae
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education & Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Ryong Lim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education & Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Hyun Jung
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education & Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su Jong Han
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education & Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jee Hyeon Yoon
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education & Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Yong Park
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education & Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ho Jae Han
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, and BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education & Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Hwang SY, Lee D, Lee G, Ahn J, Lee YG, Koo HS, Kang YJ. Endometrial organoids: a reservoir of functional mitochondria for uterine repair. Theranostics 2024; 14:954-972. [PMID: 38250040 PMCID: PMC10797286 DOI: 10.7150/thno.90538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Asherman's syndrome (AS) is a dreadful gynecological disorder of the uterus characterized by intrauterine adhesion with severe fibrotic lesions, resulting in a damaged basalis layer with infertility. Despite extensive research on overcoming AS, evidence-based effective and reproducible treatments to improve the structural and functional morphology of the AS endometrium have not been established. Methods: Endometrial organoids generated from human or mouse endometrial tissues were transplanted into the uterine cavity of a murine model of AS to evaluate their transplantable feasibility to improve the AS uterine environment. The successful engraftment of organoid was confirmed by detection of human mitochondria and cytosol (for human endometrial organoid) or enhanced green fluorescent protein signals (for mouse endometrial organoid) in the recipient endometrium. The therapeutic effects mediated by organoid transplantation were examined by the measurements of fibrotic lesions, endometrial receptivity and angiogenesis, and fertility assessment by recording the number of implantation sites and weighing the fetuses and placenta. To explore the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the recovery of AS endometrium, we evaluated the status of mitochondrial movement and biogenetics in organoid transplanted endometrium. Results: Successfully engrafted endometrial organoids with similar morphological and molecular features to the parental tissues dramatically repaired the AS-induced damaged endometrium, significantly reducing fibrotic lesions and increasing fertility outcomes in mice. Moreover, dysfunctional mitochondria in damaged tissues, which we propose might be a key cellular feature of the AS endometrium, was fully recovered by functional mitochondria transferred from engrafted endometrial organoids. Endometrial organoid-originating mitochondria restored excessive collagen accumulation in fibrotic lesions and shifted uterine metabolic environment to levels observed in the normal endometrium. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that endometrial organoid-originating mitochondria might be key players to mediate uterine repair resulting in fertility enhancement by recovering abrogated metabolic circumstance of the endometrium with AS. Further studies addressing the clinical applicability of endometrial organoids may aid in identifying new therapeutic strategies for infertility in patients with AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Young Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Life Science, CHA University; 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Danbi Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Life Science, CHA University; 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Gaeun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Life Science, CHA University; 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Jungho Ahn
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Institute for Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, CHA University; 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Yu-Gyeong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Life Science, CHA University; 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Hwa Seon Koo
- CHA Fertility Center Bundang; 59, Yatap-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Youn-Jung Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Life Science, CHA University; 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Institute for Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, CHA University; 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
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Jin U, Park SJ, Lee BG, Kim JB, Kim SJ, Joe EH, Woo HG, Park SM. Critical roles of parkin and PINK1 in coxsackievirus B3-induced viral myocarditis. Microbes Infect 2023; 25:105211. [PMID: 37574181 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2023.105211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Viral myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the myocardium, often leads to cardiac dysfunction and death. PARKIN (PRKN) and PINK1, well known as Parkinson's disease-associated genes, have been reported to be involved in innate immunity and mitochondrial damage control. Therefore, we investigated the role of parkin and PINK1 in coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)-induced viral myocarditis because the etiology of myocarditis is related to abnormal immune response to viral infection and mitochondrial damage. After viral infection, the survival was significantly lower and myocardial damage was more severe in parkin knockout (KO) and PINK1 KO mice compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Parkin KO and PINK1 KO showed defective immune cell recruitment and impaired production of antiviral cytokines such as interferon-gamma, allowing increased viral replication. In addition, parkin KO and PINK1 KO mice were more susceptible to CVB3-induced mitochondrial damage than WT mice, resulting in susceptibility to viral-induced cardiac damage. Finally, using publicly available RNA-seq data, we found that pathogenic mutants of the PRKN gene are more common in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and myocarditis than in controls or the general population. This study will help elucidate the molecular mechanism of CVB3-induced viral myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uram Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; Department of Cardiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Soo Jin Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Byoung Gil Lee
- Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jae-Bong Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Soo Jeong Kim
- Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Joe
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hyun Goo Woo
- Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sang Myun Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.
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5
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Siswanto FM, Okukawa K, Tamura A, Oguro A, Imaoka S. Hydrogen peroxide activates APE1/Ref-1 via NF-κB and Parkin: A role in liver cancer resistance to oxidative stress. Free Radic Res 2023:1-31. [PMID: 37364176 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2023.2229509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells exhibit an altered redox balance and aberrant redox signaling due to genetic, metabolic, and microenvironment-associated reprogramming. Persistently elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to many aspects of tumor development and progression. Emerging studies demonstrated the vital role of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 or reduction/oxidation (redox) factor 1(APE1/Ref-1) in the oxidative stress response and survival of cancer cells. APE1/Ref-1 is a multifunctional enzyme involved in the DNA damage response and functions as a redox regulator of transcription factors. We herein demonstrated that basal hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and APE1/Ref-1 expression levels were markedly higher in cancer cell lines than in non-cancerous cells. Elevated APE1/Ref-1 levels were associated with shorter survival in liver cancer patients. Mechanistically, we showed that H2O2 activated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). RelA/p65 inhibited the expression of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Parkin, possibly by interfering with ATF4 activity. Parkin was responsible for the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of APE1/Ref-1; therefore, the H2O2-induced suppression of Parkin expression increased APE1/Ref-1 levels. The probability of survival was lower in liver cancer patients with low Parkin and high RelA expression levels. Additionally, Parkin and RelA expression levels negatively and positively correlated with APE1/Ref-1 levels, respectively, in the TCGA liver cancer cohort. We concluded that increases in APE1/Ref-1 via the NF-κB and Parkin pathways are critical for cancer cell survival under oxidative stress. The present results show the potential of the NF-κB-Parkin-APE1/Ref-1 axis as a prognostic factor and therapeutic strategy to eradicate liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferbian Milas Siswanto
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Kenta Okukawa
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Tamura
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Japan
| | - Ami Oguro
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Susumu Imaoka
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Japan
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Pinjala P, Tryphena KP, Prasad R, Khatri DK, Sun W, Singh SB, Gugulothu D, Srivastava S, Vora L. CRISPR/Cas9 assisted stem cell therapy in Parkinson's disease. Biomater Res 2023; 27:46. [PMID: 37194005 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00381-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery in 2012, CRISPR Cas9 has been tried as a direct treatment approach to correct the causative gene mutation and establish animal models in neurodegenerative disorders. Since no strategy developed until now could completely cure Parkinson's disease (PD), neuroscientists aspire to use gene editing technology, especially CRISPR/Cas9, to induce a permanent correction in genetic PD patients expressing mutated genes. Over the years, our understanding of stem cell biology has improved. Scientists have developed personalized cell therapy using CRISPR/Cas9 to edit embryonic and patient-derived stem cells ex-vivo. This review details the importance of CRISPR/Cas9-based stem cell therapy in Parkinson's disease in developing PD disease models and developing therapeutic strategies after elucidating the possible pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poojitha Pinjala
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana-500037, Hyderabad, India
| | - Kamatham Pushpa Tryphena
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana-500037, Hyderabad, India
| | - Renuka Prasad
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Moonsuk Medical Research Building, 73 Inchon-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 12841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana-500037, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Woong Sun
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Moonsuk Medical Research Building, 73 Inchon-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 12841, Republic of Korea
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana-500037, Hyderabad, India
| | - Dalapathi Gugulothu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana-500037, Hyderabad, India
| | - Lalitkumar Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
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Isik S, Yeman Kiyak B, Akbayir R, Seyhali R, Arpaci T. Microglia Mediated Neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s Disease. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071012. [PMID: 37048085 PMCID: PMC10093562 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder seen, especially in the elderly. Tremor, shaking, movement problems, and difficulty with balance and coordination are among the hallmarks, and dopaminergic neuronal loss in substantia nigra pars compacta of the brain and aggregation of intracellular protein α-synuclein are the pathological characterizations. Neuroinflammation has emerged as an involving mechanism at the initiation and development of PD. It is a complex network of interactions comprising immune and non-immune cells in addition to mediators of the immune response. Microglia, the resident macrophages in the CNS, take on the leading role in regulating neuroinflammation and maintaining homeostasis. Under normal physiological conditions, they exist as “homeostatic” but upon pathological stimuli, they switch to the “reactive state”. Pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes are used to classify microglial activity with each phenotype having its own markers and released mediators. When M1 microglia are persistent, they will contribute to various inflammatory diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, such as PD. In this review, we focus on the role of microglia mediated neuroinflammation in PD and also signaling pathways, receptors, and mediators involved in the process, presenting the studies that associate microglia-mediated inflammation with PD. A better understanding of this complex network and interactions is important in seeking new therapies for PD and possibly other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevim Isik
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Uskudar University, Uskudar, Istanbul 34662, Turkey
- Stem Cell Research and Application Center (USKOKMER), Uskudar University, Uskudar, Istanbul 34662, Turkey
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-216-400-2222 (ext. 2462)
| | - Bercem Yeman Kiyak
- Stem Cell Research and Application Center (USKOKMER), Uskudar University, Uskudar, Istanbul 34662, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Hamidiye Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Uskudar, Istanbul 34668, Turkey
| | - Rumeysa Akbayir
- Stem Cell Research and Application Center (USKOKMER), Uskudar University, Uskudar, Istanbul 34662, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Science, Uskudar University, Uskudar, Istanbul 34662, Turkey
| | - Rama Seyhali
- Stem Cell Research and Application Center (USKOKMER), Uskudar University, Uskudar, Istanbul 34662, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Science, Uskudar University, Uskudar, Istanbul 34662, Turkey
| | - Tahire Arpaci
- Stem Cell Research and Application Center (USKOKMER), Uskudar University, Uskudar, Istanbul 34662, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Science, Uskudar University, Uskudar, Istanbul 34662, Turkey
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Kim EY, Kim JE, Kim YE, Choi B, Sohn DH, Park SO, Chung YH, Kim Y, Robinson WH, Kim YG, Chang EJ. Dysfunction in parkin aggravates inflammatory bone erosion by reinforcing osteoclast activity. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:48. [PMID: 36882866 PMCID: PMC9993703 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-00973-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkin dysfunction associated with the progression of parkinsonism contributes to a progressive systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mineral density. However, the role of parkin in bone remodeling has not yet been elucidated in detail. RESULT We observed that decreased parkin in monocytes is linked to osteoclastic bone-resorbing activity. siRNA-mediated knockdown of parkin significantly enhanced the bone-resorbing activity of osteoclasts (OCs) on dentin without any changes in osteoblast differentiation. Moreover, Parkin-deficient mice exhibited an osteoporotic phenotype with a lower bone volume accompanied by increased OC-mediated bone-resorbing capacity displaying increased acetylation of α-tubulin compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Notably, compared to WT mice, the Parkin-deficient mice displayed increased susceptibility to inflammatory arthritis, reflected by a higher arthritis score and a marked bone loss after arthritis induction using K/BxN serum transfer, but not ovariectomy-induced bone loss. Intriguingly, parkin colocalized with microtubules and parkin-depleted-osteoclast precursor cells (Parkin-/- OCPs) displayed augmented ERK-dependent acetylation of α-tubulin due to failure of interaction with histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), which was promoted by IL-1β signaling. The ectopic expression of parkin in Parkin-/- OCPs limited the increase in dentin resorption induced by IL-1β, accompanied by the reduced acetylation of α-tubulin and diminished cathepsin K activity. CONCLUSION These results indicate that a deficiency in the function of parkin caused by a decrease in parkin expression in OCPs under the inflammatory condition may enhance inflammatory bone erosion by altering microtubule dynamics to maintain OC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea.,Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea.,Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Young-Eun Kim
- Department of Rheumatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Bongkun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea.,Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Sohn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Korea
| | - Si-On Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea.,Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Yeon-Ho Chung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Yongsub Kim
- Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - William H Robinson
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Yong-Gil Kim
- Department of Rheumatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea.
| | - Eun-Ju Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea. .,Stem Cell Immunomodulation Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea.
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Trabjerg MS, Andersen DC, Huntjens P, Mørk K, Warming N, Kullab UB, Skjønnemand MLN, Oklinski MK, Oklinski KE, Bolther L, Kroese LJ, Pritchard CEJ, Huijbers IJ, Corthals A, Søndergaard MT, Kjeldal HB, Pedersen CFM, Nieland JDV. Inhibition of carnitine palmitoyl-transferase 1 is a potential target in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:6. [PMID: 36681683 PMCID: PMC9867753 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00450-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose metabolism is dysregulated in Parkinson's disease (PD) causing a shift toward the metabolism of lipids. Carnitine palmitoyl-transferase 1A (CPT1A) regulates the key step in the metabolism of long-chain fatty acids. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of downregulating CPT1, either genetically with a Cpt1a P479L mutation or medicinally on PD using chronic rotenone mouse models using C57Bl/6J and Park2 knockout mice. We show that Cpt1a P479L mutant mice are resistant to rotenone-induced PD, and that inhibition of CPT1 is capable of restoring neurological function, normal glucose metabolism, and alleviate markers of PD in the midbrain. Furthermore, we show that downregulation of lipid metabolism via CPT1 alleviates pathological motor and non-motor behavior, oxidative stress, and disrupted glucose homeostasis in Park2 knockout mice. Finally, we confirm that rotenone induces gut dysbiosis in C57Bl/6J and, for the first time, in Park2 knockout mice. We show that this dysbiosis is alleviated by the downregulation of the lipid metabolism via CPT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sloth Trabjerg
- grid.5117.20000 0001 0742 471XLaboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Dennis Christian Andersen
- grid.5117.20000 0001 0742 471XLaboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Pam Huntjens
- grid.5117.20000 0001 0742 471XLaboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Kasper Mørk
- grid.5117.20000 0001 0742 471XLaboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Nikolaj Warming
- grid.5117.20000 0001 0742 471XLaboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Ulla Bismark Kullab
- grid.5117.20000 0001 0742 471XLaboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Marie-Louise Nibelius Skjønnemand
- grid.5117.20000 0001 0742 471XLaboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Michal Krystian Oklinski
- grid.5117.20000 0001 0742 471XLaboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Egelund Oklinski
- grid.5117.20000 0001 0742 471XLaboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Luise Bolther
- grid.5117.20000 0001 0742 471XLaboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Lona J. Kroese
- grid.430814.a0000 0001 0674 1393Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging (MCCA) Transgenic Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Colin E. J. Pritchard
- grid.430814.a0000 0001 0674 1393Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging (MCCA) Transgenic Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo J. Huijbers
- grid.430814.a0000 0001 0674 1393Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging (MCCA) Transgenic Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Angelique Corthals
- grid.258202.f0000 0004 1937 0116Department of Science, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York, New York, NY 10019 USA
| | | | | | - Cecilie Fjord Morre Pedersen
- grid.5117.20000 0001 0742 471XLaboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - John Dirk Vestergaard Nieland
- grid.5117.20000 0001 0742 471XLaboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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10
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Maurya SK, Gupta S, Mishra R. Transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of microglia in maintenance of brain homeostasis and neurodegeneration. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 15:1072046. [PMID: 36698776 PMCID: PMC9870594 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1072046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The emerging role of microglia in brain homeostasis, neurodegeneration, and neurodevelopmental disorders has attracted considerable interest. In addition, recent developments in microglial functions and associated pathways have shed new light on their fundamental role in the immunological surveillance of the brain. Understanding the interconnections between microglia, neurons, and non-neuronal cells have opened up additional avenues for research in this evolving field. Furthermore, the study of microglia at the transcriptional and epigenetic levels has enhanced our knowledge of these native brain immune cells. Moreover, exploring various facets of microglia biology will facilitate the early detection, treatment, and management of neurological disorders. Consequently, the present review aimed to provide comprehensive insight on microglia biology and its influence on brain development, homeostasis, management of disease, and highlights microglia as potential therapeutic targets in neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Kumar Maurya
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India,*Correspondence: Shashank Kumar Maurya, ;
| | - Suchi Gupta
- Tech Cell Innovations Private Limited, Centre for Medical Innovation and Entrepreneurship (CMIE), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajnikant Mishra
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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11
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The Innate and Adaptive Immune Cells in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1315248. [PMID: 36211819 PMCID: PMC9534688 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1315248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the most common neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). Increasing evidence supports the view that dysfunction of innate immune cells initiated by accumulated and misfolded proteins plays essential roles in the pathogenesis and progression of these diseases. The TLR family was found to be involved in the regulation of microglial function in the pathogenesis and progression of AD or PD, making it as double-edged sword in these diseases. Altered function of peripheral innate immune cells was found in AD and PD and thus contributed to the development and progression of AD and PD. Alteration of different subsets of T cells was found in the peripheral blood and CNS in AD and PD. The CNS-infiltrating T cells can exert both neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects in the pathogenesis and progression. Here, we review recent evidences for the roles of innate and adaptive immune cells in the pathogenesis and progression of AD and PD.
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12
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Panda SP, Dhurandhar Y, Agrawal M. The interplay of epilepsy with impaired mitophagy and autophagy linked dementia (MAD): A review of therapeutic approaches. Mitochondrion 2022; 66:27-37. [PMID: 35842181 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The duration and, age of dementia have been linked to a higher risk of seizures. The exact mechanism that drives epileptogenesis in impaired mitophagy and autophagy linked dementia (MAD) is fully defined after reviewing the Scopus, Publon, and Pubmed databases. The epileptogenesis in patients with Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD) and Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) is due to involvement of amyloid plaques (Aβ), phosphorylated tau (pTau), Parkin, NF-kB and NLRP3 inflammasome. Microglia, the prime protective and inflammatory cells in the brain exert crosstalk between mitophagy and inflammation. Several researchers believed that the inflammatory brain cells microglia could be a therapeutic target for the treatment of a MAD associated epilepsy. There are conventional antiepileptic drugs such as gabapentin, lamotrigine, phenytoin sodium, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, felbamate, lamotrigine, valproate sodium, and topiramate are prescribed by a psychiatrist to suppress seizure frequency. Also, the conventional drugs generate serious adverse effects and synergises dementia characteristics. The adverse effect of carbamazepine is neurotoxic and also, damages haemopoietic system and respiratory tract. The phenytoin treatment causes cerebellar defect and anemia. Dementia and epilepsy have a complicated relationship, thus targeting mitophagy for cure of epileptic dementia makes sense. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is one of the rising strategies by many patients of the world, not only to suppress seizure frequency but also to mitigate dementia characteristics of patients. Therefore our present review focus on the interplay between epilepsy and MAD and their treatment with CAM approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Prasad Panda
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Yogita Dhurandhar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Mehak Agrawal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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13
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Liu TW, Chen CM, Chang KH. Biomarker of Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084148. [PMID: 35456966 PMCID: PMC9028544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is caused by abnormal accumulation of α-synuclein in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra, which subsequently causes motor symptoms. Neuroinflammation plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration in PD. This neuroinflammatory neurodegeneration involves the activation of microglia, upregulation of proinflammatory factors, and gut microbiota. In this review, we summarized the recent findings on detection of PD by using inflammatory biomarkers, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α; regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and presumably secreted (RANTES) and high-sensitivity c-reactive protein (hsCRP); and radiotracers such as [11C]PK11195 and [18F]-FEPPA, as well as by monitoring disease progression and the treatment response. Many PD-causing mutations in SNCA, LRRK2, PRKN, PINK1, and DJ-1 are also associated with neuroinflammation. Several anti-inflammatory medications, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), inhibitors of TNF-α and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), agonists of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), and steroids, have demonstrated neuroprotective effects in in vivo or in vitro PD models. Clinical trials applying objective biomarkers are required to investigate the therapeutic potential of anti-inflammatory medications for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Wei Liu
- Linkou Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tauoyan 333, Taiwan; (T.-W.L.); (C.-M.C.)
| | - Chiung-Mei Chen
- Linkou Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tauoyan 333, Taiwan; (T.-W.L.); (C.-M.C.)
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsuan Chang
- Linkou Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tauoyan 333, Taiwan; (T.-W.L.); (C.-M.C.)
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-3281200 (ext. 8729); Fax: +886-3-3288849
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14
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Ma Y, Elmhadi M, Wang C, Zhang H, Wang H. Dietary supplementation of thiamine down-regulates the expression of mitophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes in the rumen epithelium of goats during high-concentrate diet feeding. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1985944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ma
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Mawda Elmhadi
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chao Wang
- Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Hao Zhang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hongrong Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P. R. China
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15
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Pirooznia SK, Rosenthal LS, Dawson VL, Dawson TM. Parkinson Disease: Translating Insights from Molecular Mechanisms to Neuroprotection. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:33-97. [PMID: 34663684 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) used to be considered a nongenetic condition. However, the identification of several autosomal dominant and recessive mutations linked to monogenic PD has changed this view. Clinically manifest PD is then thought to occur through a complex interplay between genetic mutations, many of which have incomplete penetrance, and environmental factors, both neuroprotective and increasing susceptibility, which variably interact to reach a threshold over which PD becomes clinically manifested. Functional studies of PD gene products have identified many cellular and molecular pathways, providing crucial insights into the nature and causes of PD. PD originates from multiple causes and a range of pathogenic processes at play, ultimately culminating in nigral dopaminergic loss and motor dysfunction. An in-depth understanding of these complex and possibly convergent pathways will pave the way for therapeutic approaches to alleviate the disease symptoms and neuroprotective strategies to prevent disease manifestations. This review is aimed at providing a comprehensive understanding of advances made in PD research based on leveraging genetic insights into the pathogenesis of PD. It further discusses novel perspectives to facilitate identification of critical molecular pathways that are central to neurodegeneration that hold the potential to develop neuroprotective and/or neurorestorative therapeutic strategies for PD. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: A comprehensive review of PD pathophysiology is provided on the complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors and biologic processes that contribute to PD pathogenesis. This knowledge identifies new targets that could be leveraged into disease-modifying therapies to prevent or slow neurodegeneration in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila K Pirooznia
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.), Departments of Neurology (S.K.P., L.S.R., V.L.D., T.M.D.), Departments of Physiology (V.L.D.), Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (V.L.D., T.M.D.), Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences (T.M.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.); and Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.)
| | - Liana S Rosenthal
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.), Departments of Neurology (S.K.P., L.S.R., V.L.D., T.M.D.), Departments of Physiology (V.L.D.), Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (V.L.D., T.M.D.), Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences (T.M.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.); and Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.)
| | - Valina L Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.), Departments of Neurology (S.K.P., L.S.R., V.L.D., T.M.D.), Departments of Physiology (V.L.D.), Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (V.L.D., T.M.D.), Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences (T.M.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.); and Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.)
| | - Ted M Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.), Departments of Neurology (S.K.P., L.S.R., V.L.D., T.M.D.), Departments of Physiology (V.L.D.), Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (V.L.D., T.M.D.), Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences (T.M.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.); and Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.)
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16
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Cossu D, Yokoyama K, Sato S, Noda S, Sechi LA, Hattori N. PARKIN modifies peripheral immune response and increases neuroinflammation in active experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). J Neuroimmunol 2021; 359:577694. [PMID: 34450375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative disorders. To elucidate the effects of the mitophagy-related gene Parkin on neuroinflammation, we used a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Female Parkin-/- and female wild type control mice were immunized with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein to develop active EAE. Compared to the wild type controls, the Parkin-/- mice showed an earlier onset and greater severity of EAE with a greatly increased number of CD8αβ+TCRαβ+ T cells in the spleen and brain as well as a stronger T-cell proliferative response and an altered cytokine secretion in splenocytes. Furthermore, the Parkin-/- mice showed massive recruitment of monocytes/macrophages and activated microglia in the spinal cord during the acute phase of the disease. They also showed accumulation of microglia co-expressing M1 and M2 markers in the brain and a strong over-expression of A1 reactive astrocytes in the spinal cord. Furthermore, the Parkin-/- mice that developed persistent disease exhibited reduced glial cell numbers and abnormalities in mitochondrial morphology. Our study sheds light on the role of PARKIN protein in modulating peripheral immune cells-mediated immunity during EAE, highlighting its importance in neuroinflammation, and thus elucidating its potential in the development of novel neuroprotective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Cossu
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Yokoyama
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan
| | - Shigeto Sato
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan
| | - Sachiko Noda
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan
| | - Leonardo A Sechi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Microbiology and Virology, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy; SC Microbiologia AOU Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan.
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17
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Yao L, Wu J, Koc S, Lu G. Genetic Imaging of Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease: Recent Advancements. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:655819. [PMID: 34336822 PMCID: PMC8320775 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.655819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative aging disorders characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms due to the selective loss of midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons. The decreased viability of DA neurons slowly results in the appearance of motor symptoms such as rigidity, bradykinesia, resting tremor, and postural instability. These symptoms largely depend on DA nigrostriatal denervation. Pharmacological and surgical interventions are the main treatment for improving clinical symptoms, but it has not been possible to cure PD. Furthermore, the cause of neurodegeneration remains unclear. One of the possible neurodegeneration mechanisms is a chronic inflammation of the central nervous system, which is mediated by microglial cells. Impaired or dead DA neurons can directly lead to microglia activation, producing a large number of reactive oxygen species and pro-inflammatory cytokines. These cytotoxic factors contribute to the apoptosis and death of DA neurons, and the pathological process of neuroinflammation aggravates the primary morbid process and exacerbates ongoing neurodegeneration. Therefore, anti-inflammatory treatment exerts a robust neuroprotective effect in a mouse model of PD. Since discovering the first mutation in the α-synuclein gene (SNCA), which can cause disease-causing, PD has involved many genes and loci such as LRRK2, Parkin, SNCA, and PINK1. In this article, we summarize the critical descriptions of the genetic factors involved in PD's occurrence and development (such as LRRK2, SNCA, Parkin, PINK1, and inflammasome), and these factors play a crucial role in neuroinflammation. Regulation of these signaling pathways and molecular factors related to these genetic factors can vastly improve the neuroinflammation of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longping Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiayu Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Sumeyye Koc
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Health Sciences, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Guohui Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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18
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Magnusen AF, Hatton SL, Rani R, Pandey MK. Genetic Defects and Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2021; 12:636139. [PMID: 34239490 PMCID: PMC8259624 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.636139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a movement disorder attributed to the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons mainly in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Motor symptoms include resting tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesias, while non-motor symptoms include autonomic dysfunction, anxiety, and sleeping problems. Genetic mutations in a number of genes (e.g., LRRK2, GBA, SNCA, PARK2, PARK6, and PARK7) and the resultant abnormal activation of microglial cells are assumed to be the main reasons for the loss of DA neurons in PD with genetic causes. Additionally, immune cell infiltration and their participation in major histocompatibility complex I (MHCI) and/or MHCII-mediated processing and presentation of cytosolic or mitochondrial antigens activate the microglial cells and cause the massive generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which are all critical for the propagation of brain inflammation and the neurodegeneration in PD with genetic and idiopathic causes. Despite knowing the involvement of several of such immune devices that trigger neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in PD, the exact disease mechanism or the innovative biomarker that could detect disease severity in PD linked to LRRK2, GBA, SNCA, PARK2, PARK6, and PARK7 defects is largely unknown. The current review has explored data from genetics, immunology, and in vivo and ex vivo functional studies that demonstrate that certain genetic defects might contribute to microglial cell activation and massive generation of a number of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which ultimately drive the brain inflammation and lead to neurodegeneration in PD. Understanding the detailed involvement of a variety of immune mediators, their source, and the target could provide a better understanding of the disease process. This information might be helpful in clinical diagnosis, monitoring of disease progression, and early identification of affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Frank Magnusen
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Shelby Loraine Hatton
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Reena Rani
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Manoj Kumar Pandey
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Paediatrics of University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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19
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Murillo-González FE, García-Aguilar R, Vega L, Elizondo G. Regulation of Parkin expression as the key balance between neural survival and cancer cell death. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 190:114650. [PMID: 34111426 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Parkin is a cytosolic E3 ubiquitin ligase that plays an important role in neuroprotection by targeting several proteins to be degraded by the 26S proteasome. Its dysfunction has been associated not only with Parkinson's disease (PD) but also with other neurodegenerative pathologies, such as Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease. More recently, Parkin has been identified as a tumor suppressor gene implicated in cancer development. Due to the important roles that this E3 ubiquitin ligase plays in cellular homeostasis, its expression, activity, and turnover are tightly regulated. Several reviews have addressed Parkin regulation; however, genetic and epigenetic regulation have been excluded. In addition to posttranslational modifications (PTMs), this review examines the regulatory mechanisms that control Parkin function through gene expression, epigenetic regulation, and degradation. Furthermore, the consequences of disrupting these regulatory processes on human health are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Libia Vega
- Department of Toxicology, CINVESTAV-IPN, Av. IPN 2508, C.P. 07360 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Elizondo
- Department of Cellular Biology, CINVESTAV-IPN, Av. IPN 2508, C.P. 07360 Mexico City, Mexico.
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20
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Badanjak K, Fixemer S, Smajić S, Skupin A, Grünewald A. The Contribution of Microglia to Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4676. [PMID: 33925154 PMCID: PMC8125756 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With the world's population ageing, the incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD) is on the rise. In recent years, inflammatory processes have emerged as prominent contributors to the pathology of PD. There is great evidence that microglia have a significant neuroprotective role, and that impaired and over activated microglial phenotypes are present in brains of PD patients. Thereby, PD progression is potentially driven by a vicious cycle between dying neurons and microglia through the instigation of oxidative stress, mitophagy and autophagy dysfunctions, a-synuclein accumulation, and pro-inflammatory cytokine release. Hence, investigating the involvement of microglia is of great importance for future research and treatment of PD. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent findings concerning the microglia-neuronal interplay in PD with a focus on human postmortem immunohistochemistry and single-cell studies, their relation to animal and iPSC-derived models, newly emerging technologies, and the resulting potential of new anti-inflammatory therapies for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Badanjak
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (K.B.); (S.F.); (S.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Sonja Fixemer
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (K.B.); (S.F.); (S.S.); (A.S.)
- Luxembourg Centre for Neuropathology (LCNP), L-3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Semra Smajić
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (K.B.); (S.F.); (S.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Alexander Skupin
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (K.B.); (S.F.); (S.S.); (A.S.)
- Department of Neuroscience, University California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Anne Grünewald
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4367 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (K.B.); (S.F.); (S.S.); (A.S.)
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
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21
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Dolatshahi M, Ranjbar Hameghavandi MH, Sabahi M, Rostamkhani S. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in pathophysiology of Parkinson disease: Diverse patterns and mechanisms contributing to neurodegeneration. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:4101-4123. [PMID: 33884689 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), the most common movement disorder, comprises several pathophysiologic mechanisms including misfolded alpha-synuclein aggregation, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and synaptic loss. Nuclear Factor-Kappa B (NF-κB), as a key regulator of a myriad of cellular reactions, is shown to be involved in such mechanisms associated with PD, and the changes in NF-κB expression is implicated in PD. Alpha-synuclein accumulation, the characteristic feature of PD pathology, is known to trigger NF-κB activation in neurons, thereby propagating apoptosis through several mechanisms. Furthermore, misfolded alpha-synuclein released from degenerated neurons, activates several signaling pathways in glial cells which culminate in activation of NF-κB and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, thereby aggravating neurodegenerative processes. On the other hand, NF-κB activation, acting as a double-edged sword, can be necessary for survival of neurons. For instance, NF-κB activation is necessary for competent mitochondrial function and deficiency in c-Rel, one of the NF-κB proteins, is known to propagate DA neuron loss via several mechanisms. Despite the dual role of NF-κB in PD, several agents by selectively modifying the mechanisms and pathways associated with NF-κB, can be effective in attenuating DA neuron loss and PD, as reviewed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Dolatshahi
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammadmahdi Sabahi
- NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Neurosurgery Research Group (NRG), Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sabra Rostamkhani
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder resulting from the death of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Our understanding of PD biology has been enriched by the identification of genes involved in its rare, inheritable forms, termed PARK genes. These genes encode proteins including α-syn, LRRK2, VPS35, parkin, PINK1, and DJ1, which can cause monogenetic PD when mutated. Investigating the cellular functions of these proteins has been instrumental in identifying signaling pathways that mediate pathology in PD and neuroprotective mechanisms active during homeostatic and pathological conditions. It is now evident that many PD-associated proteins perform multiple functions in PD-associated signaling pathways in neurons. Furthermore, several PARK proteins contribute to non-cell-autonomous mechanisms of neuron death, such as neuroinflammation. A comprehensive understanding of cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous pathways involved in PD is essential for developing therapeutics that may slow or halt its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Panicker
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Preston Ge
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA
| | - Valina L Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA.,Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA
| | - Ted M Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA.,Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA
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23
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Wu X, Gong L, Xie L, Gu W, Wang X, Liu Z, Li S. NLRP3 Deficiency Protects Against Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Neuroinflammation and Mitochondrial ROS by Promoting the PINK1-Parkin Pathway of Mitophagy in a Murine Model of Sleep Apnea. Front Immunol 2021; 12:628168. [PMID: 33717152 PMCID: PMC7943742 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.628168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) associated neurocognitive impairment is mainly caused by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH)-triggered neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Previous study has demonstrated that mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) was pivotal for hypoxia-related tissue injury. As a cytosolic multiprotein complex that participates in various inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, NLRP3 inflammasome could be activated by mtROS and thereby affected by the mitochondria-selective autophagy. However, the role of NLRP3 and possible mitophagy mechanism in CIH-elicited neuroinflammation remain to be elucidated. Compared with wild-type mice, NLRP3 deficiency protected them from CIH-induced neuronal damage, as indicated by the restoration of fear-conditioning test results and amelioration of neuron apoptosis. In addition, NLRP3 knockout mice displayed the mitigated microglia activation that elicited by CIH, concomitantly with elimination of damaged mitochondria and reduction of oxidative stress levels (malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase). Elevated LC3 and beclin1 expressions were remarkably observed in CIH group. In vitro experiments, intermittent hypoxia (IH) significantly facilitated mitophagy induction and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in microglial (BV2) cells. Moreover, IH enhanced the accumulation of damaged mitochondria, increased mitochondrial depolarization and augmented mtROS release. Consistently, NLRP3 deletion elicited a protective phenotype against IH through enhancement of Parkin-mediated mitophagy. Furthermore, Parkin deletion or pretreated with 3MA (autophagy inhibitor) exacerbated these detrimental actions of IH, which was accompanied with NLRP3 inflammasome activation. These results revealed NLRP3 deficiency acted as a protective promotor through enhancing Parkin-depended mitophagy in CIH-induced neuroinflammation. Thus, NLRP3 gene knockout or pharmacological blockage could be as a potential therapeutic strategy for OSA-associated neurocognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Centre for Sleep Breathing Disorder and Snoring, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linjing Gong
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Xie
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Centre for Sleep Breathing Disorder and Snoring, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyu Gu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyuan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zilong Liu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Centre for Sleep Breathing Disorder and Snoring, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanqun Li
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Centre for Sleep Breathing Disorder and Snoring, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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24
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Jing S, Wang Z, Zhang J, Li X, Huang R. Neuroprotective effect of neferine, an alkaloid against the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine induced Parkinson's disease mouse model. Pharmacogn Mag 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_291_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Dextromethorphan Suppresses Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Epigenetic Histone Regulation in the Tumor Necrosis Factor- α Expression in Primary Rat Microglia. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:9694012. [PMID: 33376453 PMCID: PMC7738791 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9694012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of microglial cells plays an important role in the cascade of events leading to inflammation-mediated neurodegenerative disorders. Precision therapeutics require that adjunctively feasible drugs be found to prevent microglial cell activation and prevent inflammation-mediated neuronal injury. Dextromethorphan (DM) has been reported to possess neuroprotective effects in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated animals; however, it remains unclear whether epigenetic regulatory mechanisms in microglial cells are involved in such DM-mediated neuroprotective effects. In this study, DM simultaneously suppressed LPS-induced activation of tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α expression and subsequent caspase-3 signaling in primary microglial cells associated with notable morphological changes. Furthermore, therapeutic action sites of DM involved differential enhanced trimethylation of H3K4 modifications in the promoter region of tnf-α gene locus in primary microglial cells. In summary, DM may exert neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects through differential epigenetic histone modifications of TNF-α expression in microglial cells and might therefore raise the possibility of providing an adjunctively beneficial role for a tentative therapeutic strategy in neurodegenerative diseases resulting from inflammation.
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Domingues AV, Pereira IM, Vilaça-Faria H, Salgado AJ, Rodrigues AJ, Teixeira FG. Glial cells in Parkinson´s disease: protective or deleterious? Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:5171-5188. [PMID: 32617639 PMCID: PMC11104819 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03584-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glial cells have been identified more than 100 years ago, and are known to play a key role in the central nervous system (CNS) function. A recent piece of evidence is emerging showing that in addition to the capacity of CNS modulation and homeostasis, glial cells are also being looked like as a promising cell source not only to study CNS pathologies initiation and progression but also to the establishment and development of new therapeutic strategies. Thus, in the present review, we will discuss the current evidence regarding glial cells' contribution to neurodegenerative diseases as Parkinson's disease, providing cellular, molecular, functional, and behavioral data supporting its active role in disease initiation, progression, and treatment. As so, considering their functional relevance, glial cells may be important to the understanding of the underlying mechanisms regarding neuronal-glial networks in neurodegeneration/regeneration processes, which may open new research opportunities for their future use as a target or treatment in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana V Domingues
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Inês M Pereira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Helena Vilaça-Faria
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - António J Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana J Rodrigues
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Fábio G Teixeira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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27
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Quinn PMJ, Moreira PI, Ambrósio AF, Alves CH. PINK1/PARKIN signalling in neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:189. [PMID: 33168089 PMCID: PMC7654589 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-01062-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) and Parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase (PARKIN) genes are associated with familial forms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). PINK1, a protein kinase, and PARKIN, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, control the specific elimination of dysfunctional or superfluous mitochondria, thus fine-tuning mitochondrial network and preserving energy metabolism. PINK1 regulates PARKIN translocation in impaired mitochondria and drives their removal via selective autophagy, a process known as mitophagy. As knowledge obtained using different PINK1 and PARKIN transgenic animal models is being gathered, growing evidence supports the contribution of mitophagy impairment to several human pathologies, including PD and Alzheimer’s diseases (AD). Therefore, therapeutic interventions aiming to modulate PINK1/PARKIN signalling might have the potential to treat these diseases. In this review, we will start by discussing how the interplay of PINK1 and PARKIN signalling helps mediate mitochondrial physiology. We will continue by debating the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer’s, Huntington’s and Parkinson’s diseases, as well as eye diseases such as age-related macular degeneration and glaucoma, and the causative factors leading to PINK1/PARKIN-mediated neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. Finally, we will discuss PINK1/PARKIN gene augmentation possibilities with a particular focus on AD, PD and glaucoma.
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28
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Wang B, Yin X, Gan W, Pan F, Li S, Xiang Z, Han X, Li D. PRCC-TFE3 fusion-mediated PRKN/parkin-dependent mitophagy promotes cell survival and proliferation in PRCC-TFE3 translocation renal cell carcinoma. Autophagy 2020; 17:2475-2493. [DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1831815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoqin Yin
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Weidong Gan
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fan Pan
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shiyuan Li
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zou Xiang
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Inhibits Rotenone-Induced Microglia Inflammation by Enhancing Autophagy. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194359. [PMID: 32977419 PMCID: PMC7582530 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a feature common to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), which might be responsive to therapeutic intervention. Rotenone has been widely used to establish PD models by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation. Our previous studies have reported that pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), a naturally occurring redox cofactor, could prevent mitochondrial dysfunction in rotenone induced PD models by regulating mitochondrial functions. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of PQQ on neuroinflammation and the mechanism involved. BV2 microglia cells were pre-treated with PQQ followed by rotenone incubation. The data showed that PQQ did not affect the cell viability of BV2 cells treated with rotenone, while the conditioned medium (CM) of BV2 cells pre-treated with PQQ significantly increased cell viability of SH-SY5Y cells. In rotenone-treated BV2 cells, PQQ dose-dependently decreased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and suppressed the up-regulation of pro-inflammation factors, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the cultured media, as well as nitric oxide (NO) release induced by rotenone. PQQ pretreatment also increased the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I and expression of Atg5 in BV2 cells stimulated with rotenone. Additionally, the autophagosome observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and co-localization of mitochondria with lysosomes indicated that mitophagy was induced by PQQ in rotenone-injured BV2 cells, and the PINK1/parkin mediated mitophagy pathway was regulated by PQQ. Further, autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine (3-MA), partially abolished the neuroprotective effect of PQQ and attenuated the inhibition of inflammation with PQQ pretreatment. Taken together, our data extend our understanding of the neuroprotective effect of PQQ against rotenone-induced injury and provide evidence that autophagy enhancement might be a novel therapeutic strategy for PD treatment.
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Kam TI, Hinkle JT, Dawson TM, Dawson VL. Microglia and astrocyte dysfunction in parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 144:105028. [PMID: 32736085 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While glia are essential for regulating the homeostasis in the normal brain, their dysfunction contributes to neurodegeneration in many brain diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Recent studies have identified that PD-associated genes are expressed in glial cells as well as neurons and have crucial roles in microglia and astrocytes. Here, we discuss the role of microglia and astrocytes dysfunction in relation to PD-linked mutations and their implications in PD pathogenesis. A better understanding of microglia and astrocyte functions in PD may provide insights into neurodegeneration and novel therapeutic approaches for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-In Kam
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jared T Hinkle
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ted M Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Valina L Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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31
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Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation Potentiate Each Other to Promote Progression of Dopamine Neurodegeneration. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6137521. [PMID: 32714488 PMCID: PMC7354668 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6137521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic and complex disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Progressive loss of dopamine (DA) neurons in midbrain substantia nigra is considered to be the main cause of PD. The hallmark of PD pathology is the formation of Lewy bodies and the deposition of α-synuclein (α-syn). The mechanisms responsible for the progressive feature of DA neurodegeneration are not fully illustrated. Recently, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation have received extensive attention as two important entry points in the pathogenesis of PD. The occurrence of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation is usually derived from external influences or changes in internal environment, such as the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, exposure to a toxic environment, and the transformation of systemic inflammation. However, PD never results from a single independent factor and the simultaneous participation of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation contributed to PD development. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation could potentiate each other to promote progression of PD. In this review, we briefly summarized the conditions of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation and the crosstalk between oxidative stress and neuroinflammation on the development of PD.
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32
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Keshavarzian A, Engen P, Bonvegna S, Cilia R. The gut microbiome in Parkinson's disease: A culprit or a bystander? PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2020; 252:357-450. [PMID: 32247371 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, large-scale metagenomics projects such as the Human Microbiome Project placed the gut microbiota under the spotlight of research on its role in health and in the pathogenesis several diseases, as it can be a target for novel therapeutical approaches. The emerging concept of a microbiota modulation of the gut-brain axis in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders has been explored in several studies in animal models, as well as in human subjects. Particularly, research on changes in the composition of gut microbiota as a potential trigger for alpha-synuclein (α-syn) pathology in Parkinson's disease (PD) has gained increasing interest. In the present review, we first provide the basis to the understanding of the role of gut microbiota in healthy subjects and the molecular basis of the gut-brain interaction, focusing on metabolic and neuroinflammatory factors that could trigger the alpha-synuclein conformational changes and aggregation. Then, we critically explored preclinical and clinical studies reporting on the changes in gut microbiota in PD, as compared to healthy subjects. Furthermore, we examined the relationship between the gut microbiota and PD clinical features, discussing data consistently reported across studies, as well as the potential sources of inconsistencies. As a further step toward understanding the effects of gut microbiota on PD, we discussed the relationship between dysbiosis and response to dopamine replacement therapy, focusing on Levodopa metabolism. We conclude that further studies are needed to determine whether the gut microbiota changes observed so far in PD patients is the cause or, instead, it is merely a consequence of lifestyle changes associated with the disease. Regardless, studies so far strongly suggest that changes in microbiota appears to be impactful in pathogenesis of neuroinflammation. Thus, dysbiotic microbiota in PD could influence the disease course and response to medication, especially Levodopa. Future research will assess the impact of microbiota-directed therapeutic intervention in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Keshavarzian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive Disease and Nutrition, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Phillip Engen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive Disease and Nutrition, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Roberto Cilia
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Movement Disorders Unit, Milan, Italy.
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Positive regulation of human PINK1 and Parkin gene expression by nuclear respiratory factor 1. Mitochondrion 2020; 51:22-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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34
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Metformin rescues Parkin protein expression and mitophagy in high glucose-challenged human renal epithelial cells by inhibiting NF-κB via PP2A activation. Life Sci 2020; 246:117382. [PMID: 32004509 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Our preliminary research revealed that metformin, a classic anti-diabetic drug, could rescue Parkin protein expression and mitophagy in high glucose-challenged human renal epithelial cells in vitro, but the molecular mechanism remains to be explored. In the study, Human Renal Cortical Epithelial Cells (HRCEpiC) and Human Renal Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells (HRPTEpic) were challenged with high glucose with or without metformin pre-treatment to monitor Parkin mRNA and protein expression level change. PRKN gene knockdown was performed by lentiviral-based shRNA delivery. Cell viability, apoptosis and mitophagy were monitored after treatment. Mitochondrial damage was evaluated by analyzing mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, membrane potential change, mitochondrial superoxide accumulation and cytochrome C release. Protein levels of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), p53 phospho-Ser15, IκBα phosphor-Ser32, IKKα phosphor-Ser176/180 in whole cell lysate and nuclear entry of p50/p65 were assessed by western blot. Okadaic acid was used to inhibit protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). The data suggested high glucose challenge significantly reduced PRKN gene expression, mitophagy, mitochondria integrity and cell viability in vitro, which was rescued by metformin co-treatment. The effects of metformin were crippled by PRKN gene knockdown. Metformin increased PRKN gene transcription while reducednuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation but not that of p53 or ATF4. Inhibiting PP2A weakened NF-κB inhibition and PRKN induction by metformin in high glucose-challenged cells, reducing its mitochondrial protective and cytoprotective effect. So, we concluded thatmetformin protects human renal epithelial cells from high glucose-induced apoptosis by restoring Parkin protein expression and mitophagy via PP2A activation and NF-κB inhibition.
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Chronic Systemic Inflammation Exacerbates Neurotoxicity in a Parkinson's Disease Model. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:4807179. [PMID: 32015787 PMCID: PMC6982359 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4807179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Systemic inflammation is a crucial factor for microglial activation and neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration. This work is aimed at assessing whether previous exposure to systemic inflammation potentiates neurotoxic damage by the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and how chronic systemic inflammation participates in the physiopathological mechanisms of Parkinson's disease. Two different models of systemic inflammation were employed to explore this hypothesis: a single administration of lipopolysaccharide (sLPS; 5 mg/kg) and chronic exposure to low doses (mLPS; 100 μg/kg twice a week for three months). After three months, both groups were challenged with MPTP. With the sLPS administration, Iba1 staining increased in the striatum and substantia nigra, and the cell viability lowered in the striatum of these mice. mLPS alone had more impact on the proinflammatory profile of the brain, steadily increasing TNFα levels, activating microglia, reducing BDNF, cell viability, and dopamine levels, leading to a damage profile similar to the MPTP model per se. Interestingly, mLPS increased MAO-B activity possibly conferring susceptibility to MPTP damage. mLPS, along with MPTP administration, exacerbated the neurotoxic effect. This effect seemed to be coordinated by microglia since minocycline administration prevented brain TNFα increase. Coadministration of sLPS with MPTP only facilitated damage induced by MPTP without significant change in the inflammatory profile. These results indicate that chronic systemic inflammation increased susceptibility to MPTP toxic effect and is an adequate model for studying the impact of systemic inflammation in Parkinson's disease.
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Yun HK, Park J, Chae U, Lee HS, Huh JW, Lee SR, Bae YC, Lee DS. Parkin in early stage LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells regulates pro-inflammatory response and mitochondrial quality via mitophagy. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 336:577044. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Yu X, Hao M, Liu Y, Ma X, Lin W, Xu Q, Zhou H, Shao N, Kuang H. Liraglutide ameliorates non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis activation via mitophagy. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 864:172715. [PMID: 31593687 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a key step in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which causes serious health problems worldwide. The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat-containing receptor-containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and pyroptosis play crucial roles in the progression of NASH. Our team has provided clinical evidence of the effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) on the improvement in liver function and histological resolution of NAFLD. Preliminary work has demonstrated that GLP-1 inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation in a mouse model of NAFLD. We further explored the potential molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory effect of liraglutide, a long-acting GLP-1 analog, in the treatment of NASH. We established a HepG2 cell model of NASH using double stimulation with palmitic acid and lipopolysaccharide to assess NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptotic cell activity and to evaluate mitochondrial function and mitophagy. Liraglutide reduced lipid accumulation, inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis activation, attenuated mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species generation, augmented mitophagy in hepatocytes. Mitophagy inhibition with 3-methyladenine/PINK1-directed siRNA weakened the liraglutide-mediated suppression of inflammatory injury. We propose that liraglutide suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome-induced hepatocyte pyroptosis via mitophagy to slow the progression of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ming Hao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xuefei Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wenjian Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Huanran Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ning Shao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - HongYu Kuang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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Li Y, Ruan DY, Jia CC, Zheng J, Wang GY, Zhao H, Yang Q, Liu W, Yi SH, Li H, Wang GS, Yang Y, Chen GH, Zhang Q. Aging aggravates hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice by impairing mitophagy with the involvement of the EIF2α-parkin pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:1902-1920. [PMID: 30089704 PMCID: PMC6128434 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury fundamentally influences the performance of aged liver grafts. The significance of mitophagy in the age dependence of sensitivity to I/R injury remains poorly understood. Here, we show that aging aggravated hepatic I/R injury with decreased mitophagy in mice. The enhancement of mitophagy resulted in significant protection against hepatic I/R injury. Parkin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, was found depleted by I/R in aged livers. In oxygen-glucose deprivation reperfusion (OGD-Rep.)-treated L02 cells, parkin silencing impaired mitophagy and aggravated cell damage through a relative large mitochondrial membrane potential transition. The phosphorylation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress response protein EIF2α, which was also reduced in the aged liver, induced parkin expression both in vivo and vitro. Forty-six hepatic biopsy specimens from liver graft were collected 2 hours after complete revascularization, followed by immunohistochemical analyses. Parkin expression was negatively correlated to donor age and the peak level of aspartate aminotransferase within first week after liver transplantation. Our translational study demonstrates that aging aggravated hepatic I/R injury by impairing the age-dependent mitophagy function via an insufficient parkin expression and identifies a new strategy to evaluate the capacity of an aged liver graft in the process of I/R through the parkin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Translation Center for Liver Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China.,Guangdong Key laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Dan-Yun Ruan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Chang-Chang Jia
- Department of Biotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong 510630, China.,Guangdong Key laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Translation Center for Liver Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China.,Guangdong Key laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Guo-Ying Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Translation Center for Liver Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Translation Center for Liver Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Translation Center for Liver Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Translation Center for Liver Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China.,Guangdong Key laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Shu-Hong Yi
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Translation Center for Liver Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Translation Center for Liver Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Gen-Shu Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Translation Center for Liver Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Translation Center for Liver Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Gui-Hua Chen
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Translation Center for Liver Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong 510630, China.,Guangdong Key laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong 510630, China
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Ho G, Takamatsu Y, Waragai M, Wada R, Sugama S, Takenouchi T, Fujita M, Ali A, Hsieh MHI, Hashimoto M. Current and future clinical utilities of Parkinson's disease and dementia biomarkers: can they help us conquer the disease? Expert Rev Neurother 2019; 19:1149-1161. [PMID: 31359797 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2019.1649141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Biomarkers for Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease are essential, not only for disease detection, but also provide insight into potential disease relationships leading to better detection and therapy. As metabolic disease is known to increase neurodegeneration risk, such mechanisms may reveal such novel targets for PD and AD. Moreover, metabolic disease, including insulin resistance, offer novel biomarker and therapeutic targets for neurodegeneration, including glucagon-like-peptide-1, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 and adiponectin. Areas covered: The authors reviewed PubMed-listed research articles, including ours, on a number of putative PD, AD and neurodegenerative disease targets of interest, focusing on the relevance of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance mechanisms, especially type II diabetes, to PD and AD. We highlighted various issues surrounding the current state of knowledge and propose avenues for future development. Expert opinion: Biomarkers for PD and AD are indispensable for disease diagnosis, prognostication and tracking disease severity, especially for clinical therapy trials. Although no validated PD biomarkers exist, their potential utility has generated tremendous interest. Combining insulin-resistance biomarkers with other core biomarkers or using them to predict non-motor symptoms of PD may be clinically useful. Collectively, although still unclear, potential biomarkers and therapies can aid in shedding new light on novel aspects of both PD and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert Ho
- PCND Neuroscience Research Institute , Poway , CA , USA
| | | | - Masaaki Waragai
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Ryoko Wada
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Shuei Sugama
- Department of Physiology, Nippon Medical School , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Takato Takenouchi
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization , Tsukuba , Japan
| | - Masayo Fujita
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Alysha Ali
- PCND Neuroscience Research Institute , Poway , CA , USA
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Cairó M, Campderrós L, Gavaldà-Navarro A, Cereijo R, Delgado-Anglés A, Quesada-López T, Giralt M, Villarroya J, Villarroya F. Parkin controls brown adipose tissue plasticity in response to adaptive thermogenesis. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:embr.201846832. [PMID: 30867164 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201846832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkin is an ubiquitin-E3 ligase that acts as a key component of the cellular machinery for mitophagy. We show here that Parkin expression is reciprocally regulated in brown adipose tissue in relation to thermogenic activity. Thermogenic stimuli repress Parkin gene expression via transcriptional mechanisms that are elicited by noradrenergic and PPARα-mediated pathways that involve intracellular lipolysis in brown adipocytes. Parkin-KO mice show over-activated brown adipose tissue thermogenic activity and exhibit improved metabolic parameters, especially when fed a high-fat diet. Deacclimation, which is the return of a cold-adapted mouse to a thermoneutral temperature, dramatically induces mitophagy in brown adipocytes, with a concomitant induction of Parkin levels. We further reveal that Parkin-KO mice exhibit defects in the degradative processing of mitochondrial proteins in brown adipose tissue in response to deacclimation. These results suggest that the transcriptional control of Parkin in brown adipose tissue may contribute to modulating the mitochondrial mass and activity for adaptation to thermogenic requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Cairó
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Campderrós
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aleix Gavaldà-Navarro
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rubén Cereijo
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Delgado-Anglés
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tania Quesada-López
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Giralt
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Villarroya
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain .,Institut de Recerca Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Villarroya
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain .,CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Madrid, Spain
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Key J, Mueller AK, Gispert S, Matschke L, Wittig I, Corti O, Münch C, Decher N, Auburger G. Ubiquitylome profiling of Parkin-null brain reveals dysregulation of calcium homeostasis factors ATP1A2, Hippocalcin and GNA11, reflected by altered firing of noradrenergic neurons. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 127:114-130. [PMID: 30763678 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most frequent neurodegenerative disorder in the old population. Among its monogenic variants, a frequent cause is a mutation in the Parkin gene (Prkn). Deficient function of Parkin triggers ubiquitous mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation in the brain, but it remains unclear how selective neural circuits become vulnerable and finally undergo atrophy. We attempted to go beyond previous work, mostly done in peripheral tumor cells, which identified protein targets of Parkin activity, an ubiquitin E3 ligase. Thus, we now used aged Parkin-knockout (KO) mouse brain for a global quantification of ubiquitylated peptides by mass spectrometry (MS). This approach confirmed the most abundant substrate to be VDAC3, a mitochondrial outer membrane porin that modulates calcium flux, while uncovering also >3-fold dysregulations for neuron-specific factors. Ubiquitylation decreases were prominent for Hippocalcin (HPCA), Calmodulin (CALM1/CALML3), Pyruvate Kinase (PKM2), sodium/potassium-transporting ATPases (ATP1A1/2/3/4), the Rab27A-GTPase activating protein alpha (TBC1D10A) and an ubiquitin ligase adapter (DDB1), while strong increases occurred for calcium transporter ATP2C1 and G-protein subunits G(i)/G(o)/G(Tr). Quantitative immunoblots validated elevated abundance for the electrogenic pump ATP1A2, for HPCA as neuron-specific calcium sensor, which stimulates guanylate cyclases and modifies axonal slow afterhyperpolarization (sAHP), and for the calcium-sensing G-protein GNA11. We assessed if compensatory molecular regulations become insufficient over time, leading to functional deficits. Patch clamp experiments in acute Parkin-KO brain slices indeed revealed alterations of the electrophysiological properties in aged noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) neurons. LC neurons of aged Parkin-KO brain showed an acceleration of the spontaneous pacemaker frequency, a reduction in sAHP and shortening of action potential duration, without modulation of KCNQ potassium currents. These findings indicate altered calcium-dependent excitability in a PARK2 model of PD, mediated by diminished turnover of potential Parkin targets such as ATP1A2 and HPCA. The data also identified further novel Parkin substrate candidates like SIRT2, OTUD7B and CUL5. Our elucidation of neuron-specific mechanisms of PD pathogenesis helps to explain the known exceptional susceptibility of noradrenergic and dopaminergic projections to alterations of calcium homeostasis and its mitochondrial buffering.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Key
- Exp. Neurology, Goethe University Medical School, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - A K Mueller
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology and Marburg Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior - MCMBB; Clinic for Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - S Gispert
- Exp. Neurology, Goethe University Medical School, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - L Matschke
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology and Marburg Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior - MCMBB; Clinic for Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - I Wittig
- Functional Proteomics, SFB 815 Core Unit, Goethe University Medical School, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - O Corti
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, F-75013, France; Inserm, U1127, Paris, F-75013, France; CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, F-75013, France; Sorbonne Universités, Paris, F-75013, France
| | - C Münch
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Medical School, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - N Decher
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Vegetative Physiology and Marburg Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior - MCMBB; Clinic for Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany.
| | - G Auburger
- Exp. Neurology, Goethe University Medical School, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Tansey MG, Romero-Ramos M. Immune system responses in Parkinson's disease: Early and dynamic. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 49:364-383. [PMID: 30474172 PMCID: PMC6391192 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The neuropathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD) are the degeneration and death of dopamine-producing neurons in the ventral midbrain, the widespread intraneuronal aggregation of alpha-synuclein (α) in Lewy bodies and neurites, neuroinflammation, and gliosis. Signs of microglia activation in the PD brain postmortem as well as during disease development revealed by neuroimaging, implicate immune responses in the pathophysiology of the disease. Intensive research during the last two decades has advanced our understanding of the role of these responses in the disease process, yet many questions remain unanswered. A transformative finding in the field has been the confirmation that in vivo microglia are able to respond directly to pathological a-syn aggregates but also to neuronal dysfunction due to intraneuronal a-syn toxicity well in advance of neuronal death. In addition, clinical research and disease models have revealed the involvement of both the innate and adaptive immune systems. Indeed, the data suggest that PD leads not only to a microglia response, but also to a cellular and humoral peripheral immune response. Together, these findings compel us to consider a more holistic view of the immunological processes associated with the disease. Central and peripheral immune responses aimed at maintaining neuronal health will ultimately have consequences on neuronal survival. We will review here the most significant findings that have contributed to the current understanding of the immune response in PD, which is proposed to occur early, involve peripheral and brain immune cells, evolve as neuronal dysfunction progresses, and is likely to influence disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malú G Tansey
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Marina Romero-Ramos
- Department of Biomedicine, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, & AU IDEAS center NEURODIN, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Pulido-Salgado M, Vidal-Taboada JM, Barriga GGD, Solà C, Saura J. RNA-Seq transcriptomic profiling of primary murine microglia treated with LPS or LPS + IFNγ. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16096. [PMID: 30382133 PMCID: PMC6208373 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34412-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia, the main resident immune cells in the CNS, are thought to participate in the pathogenesis of various neurological disorders. LPS and LPS + IFNγ are stimuli that are widely used to activate microglia. However, the transcriptomic profiles of microglia treated with LPS and LPS + IFNγ have not been properly compared. Here, we treated murine primary microglial cultures with LPS or LPS + IFNγ for 6 hours and then performed RNA-Sequencing. Gene expression patterns induced by the treatments were obtained by WGCNA and 11 different expression profiles were found, showing differential responses to LPS and LPS + IFNγ in many genes. Interestingly, a subset of genes involved in Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s and Huntington’s disease were downregulated by both treatments. By DESeq analysis we found differentially upregulated and downregulated genes that confirmed LPS and LPS + IFNγ as inducers of microglial pro-inflammatory responses, but also highlighted their involvement in specific cell functions. In response to LPS, microglia tended to be more proliferative, pro-inflammatory and phagocytic; whereas LPS + IFNγ inhibited genes were involved in pain, cell division and, unexpectedly, production of some inflammatory mediators. In summary, this study provides a detailed description of the transcriptome of LPS- and LPS + IFNγ treated primary microglial cultures. It may be useful to determine whether these in vitro phenotypes resemble microglia in in vivo pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pulido-Salgado
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose M Vidal-Taboada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain. .,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,Peripheral Nervous System, Neuroscience Dept, VHIR- Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Gerardo Garcia-Diaz Barriga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Histology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Solà
- Department of Cerebral Ischemia and Neurodegeneration, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, CSIC, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Saura
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain. .,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Kim HJ, Joe Y, Rah SY, Kim SK, Park SU, Park J, Kim J, Ryu J, Cho GJ, Surh YJ, Ryter SW, Kim UH, Chung HT. Carbon monoxide-induced TFEB nuclear translocation enhances mitophagy/mitochondrial biogenesis in hepatocytes and ameliorates inflammatory liver injury. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1060. [PMID: 30333475 PMCID: PMC6193007 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1112-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) can confer protection against cellular stress, whereas the potential involvement of autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis remains incompletely understood. We demonstrate here that the activation of protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum (ER) kinase (PERK) with CO increased the nuclear translocation of transcription factor EB (TFEB). PERK activation by CO increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration and the phosphatase activity of calcineurin against TFEB. Moreover, we found that in the deficiency of TFEB, CO not only failed to recruit Parkin to the mitochondria but also failed to increase expression of lysosomal genes such as Lamp1, CathB, and TPP1. Therefore, we suggest that CO increases mitophagy through TFEB nuclear translocation by PERK-calcinuerin activation. In addition, the inhibition of TFEB with siRNA against TFEB abrogated the increase of mtDNA with CO, markers of mitochondrial biogenesis such as PGC1α, NRF1, and TFAM, and the mitochondrial proteins COX II, COX IV, and cytochrome c. To investigate the effects of CO on mitochondrial homeostasis in vivo, mice were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/d-galactosamine (D-GalN). CO inhalation reduced liver injury after challenge with LPS/GalN. Furthermore, CO inhalation increased TFEB activation, mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis in mice treated with LPS/GalN. Our findings describe novel mechanisms underlying CO-dependent cytoprotection in hepatocytes and liver tissue via activation of TFEB-dependent mitophagy and associated induction of both lysosomal and mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jeong Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 680-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonsoo Joe
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 680-749, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Rah
- National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca2+ Signaling Network, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul-Ki Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 680-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Ung Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 680-749, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Jinhyun Ryu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, JinJu, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Jae Cho
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, JinJu, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Stefan W Ryter
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Uh-Hyun Kim
- National Creative Research Laboratory for Ca2+ Signaling Network, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hun Taeg Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 680-749, Republic of Korea.
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45
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Non-cell-autonomous actions of α-synuclein: Implications in glial synucleinopathies. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 169:158-171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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46
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Dionísio PEA, Oliveira SR, Amaral JSJD, Rodrigues CMP. Loss of Microglial Parkin Inhibits Necroptosis and Contributes to Neuroinflammation. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:2990-3004. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1264-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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47
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Carroll CB, Wyse RKH. Simvastatin as a Potential Disease-Modifying Therapy for Patients with Parkinson's Disease: Rationale for Clinical Trial, and Current Progress. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2018; 7:545-568. [PMID: 29036837 PMCID: PMC5676977 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-171203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Many now believe the holy grail for the next stage of therapeutic advance surrounds the development of disease-modifying approaches aimed at intercepting the year-on-year neurodegenerative decline experienced by most patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Based on recommendations of an international committee of experts who are currently bringing multiple, potentially disease-modifying, PD therapeutics into long-term neuroprotective PD trials, a clinical trial involving 198 patients is underway to determine whether Simvastatin provides protection against chronic neurodegeneration. Statins are widely used to reduce cardiovascular risk, and act as competitive inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase. It is also known that statins serve as ligands for PPARα, a known arbiter for mitochondrial size and number. Statins possess multiple cholesterol-independent biochemical mechanisms of action, many of which offer neuroprotective potential (suppression of proinflammatory molecules & microglial activation, stimulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, inhibition of oxidative stress, attenuation of α-synuclein aggregation, modulation of adaptive immunity, and increased expression of neurotrophic factors). We describe the biochemical, physiological and pharmaceutical credentials that continue to underpin the rationale for taking Simvastatin into a disease-modifying trial in PD patients. While unrelated to the Simvastatin trial (because this conducted in patients who already have PD), we discuss conflicting epidemiological studies which variously suggest that statin use for cardiovascular prophylaxis may increase or decrease risk of developing PD. Finally, since so few disease-modifying PD trials have ever been launched (compared to those of symptomatic therapies), we discuss the rationale of the trial structure we have adopted, decisions made, and lessons learnt so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille B Carroll
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, UK
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48
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Mouton-Liger F, Rosazza T, Sepulveda-Diaz J, Ieang A, Hassoun SM, Claire E, Mangone G, Brice A, Michel PP, Corvol JC, Corti O. Parkin deficiency modulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation by attenuating an A20-dependent negative feedback loop. Glia 2018; 66:1736-1751. [PMID: 29665074 PMCID: PMC6190839 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction, key mechanisms in the
pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), are usually explored independently.
Loss‐of‐function mutations of PARK2 and PARK6,
encoding the E3 ubiquitin protein ligase Parkin and the mitochondrial
serine/threonine kinase PINK1, account for a large proportion of cases of autosomal
recessive early‐onset PD. PINK1 and Parkin regulate mitochondrial quality control and
have been linked to the modulation of innate immunity pathways. We report here an
exacerbation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation by specific inducers in microglia and
bone marrow‐derived macrophages from Park2−/− and Pink1−/− mice. The caspase 1‐dependent release of IL‐1β and IL‐18 was, therefore,
enhanced in Park2−/− and Pink1−/− cells. This defect was confirmed in blood‐derived macrophages from patients
with PARK2 mutations and was reversed by MCC950, which specifically
inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome complex formation. Enhanced NLRP3 signaling in
Parkin‐deficient cells was accompanied by a lack of induction of A20, a well‐known
negative regulator of the NF‐κB pathway recently shown to attenuate NLRP3
inflammasome activity. We also found an inverse correlation between A20 abundance and
IL‐1β release, in human macrophages challenged with NLRP3 inflammasome inducers.
Overall, our observations suggest that the A20/NLRP3‐inflammasome axis participates
in the pathogenesis of PARK2‐linked PD, paving the way for the
exploration of its potential as a biomarker and treatment target.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Mouton-Liger
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, F-75013, France.,Inserm, U1127, Paris, F-75013, France.,CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, F-75013, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Paris, F-75013, France
| | - Thibault Rosazza
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, F-75013, France.,Inserm, U1127, Paris, F-75013, France.,CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, F-75013, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Paris, F-75013, France
| | - Julia Sepulveda-Diaz
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, F-75013, France.,Inserm, U1127, Paris, F-75013, France.,CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, F-75013, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Paris, F-75013, France
| | - Amélie Ieang
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, F-75013, France.,Inserm, U1127, Paris, F-75013, France.,CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, F-75013, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Paris, F-75013, France
| | - Sidi-Mohamed Hassoun
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, F-75013, France.,Inserm, U1127, Paris, F-75013, France.,CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, F-75013, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Paris, F-75013, France
| | - Emilie Claire
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, F-75013, France.,Inserm, U1127, Paris, F-75013, France.,CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, F-75013, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Paris, F-75013, France
| | - Graziella Mangone
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, F-75013, France.,Inserm, U1127, Paris, F-75013, France.,CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, F-75013, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Paris, F-75013, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Clinical Investigation Center of Neurology (CIC-1422), Department of Neurology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, F-75013, France
| | - Alexis Brice
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, F-75013, France.,Inserm, U1127, Paris, F-75013, France.,CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, F-75013, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Paris, F-75013, France
| | - Patrick P Michel
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, F-75013, France.,Inserm, U1127, Paris, F-75013, France.,CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, F-75013, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Paris, F-75013, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Corvol
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, F-75013, France.,Inserm, U1127, Paris, F-75013, France.,CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, F-75013, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Paris, F-75013, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Clinical Investigation Center of Neurology (CIC-1422), Department of Neurology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, F-75013, France
| | - Olga Corti
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, F-75013, France.,Inserm, U1127, Paris, F-75013, France.,CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, F-75013, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Paris, F-75013, France
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Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Alleviates Bacterial-Induced Neuronal Apoptotic Damage in the Neonatal Rat Brain through Epigenetic Histone Modification. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:9797146. [PMID: 29484107 PMCID: PMC5816840 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9797146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial meningitis during the perinatal period may cause long-term neurological deficits. The study investigated whether bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from E. coli. led to neuronal apoptosis with an impaired performance of long-term cognitive function involving the activation of histone modification in the TNF-α gene promoter. Further, we looked into the therapeutic efficacy of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in a neonatal brain suffering from perinatal bacterial meningitis. We applied the following research techniques: neurobehavioral tasks, confocal laser microscopy, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and Western blotting. At postnatal day 10, the animals were subjected to LPS and/or G-CSF. The target brain tissues were then collected at P17. Some animals (P45) were studied using neurobehavioral tasks. The LPS-injected group revealed significantly increased expression of NF-κB phosphorylation and trimethylated H3K4 in the TNFA gene promoter locus. Furthermore, the caspase-3, neuronal apoptosis expression, and an impaired performance in cognitive functions were also found in our study. Such deleterious outcomes described above were markedly alleviated by G-CSF therapy. This study suggests that selective therapeutic action sites of G-CSF through epigenetic regulation in the TNFA gene promoter locus may exert a potentially beneficial role for the neonatal brain suffering from perinatal bacterial-induced meningitis.
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50
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Lack of PINK1 alters glia innate immune responses and enhances inflammation-induced, nitric oxide-mediated neuron death. Sci Rep 2018; 8:383. [PMID: 29321620 PMCID: PMC5762685 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18786-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and other neurodegenerative disorders. We show that lack of PINK1- a mitochondrial kinase linked to recessive familial PD – leads to glia type-specific abnormalities of innate immunity. PINK1 loss enhances LPS/IFN-γ stimulated pro-inflammatory phenotypes of mixed astrocytes/microglia (increased iNOS, nitric oxide and COX-2, reduced IL-10) and pure astrocytes (increased iNOS, nitric oxide, TNF-α and IL-1β), while attenuating expression of both pro-inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1β) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines in microglia. These abnormalities are associated with increased inflammation-induced NF-κB signaling in astrocytes, and cause enhanced death of neurons co-cultured with inflamed PINK1−/− mixed glia and neuroblastoma cells exposed to conditioned medium from LPS/IFN-γ treated PINK1−/− mixed glia. Neuroblastoma cell death is prevented with an iNOS inhibitor, implicating increased nitric oxide production as the cause for enhanced death. Finally, we show for the first time that lack of a recessive PD gene (PINK1) increases α-Synuclein-induced nitric oxide production in all glia types (mixed glia, astrocytes and microglia). Our results describe a novel pathogenic mechanism in recessive PD, where PINK1 deficiency may increase neuron death via exacerbation of inflammatory stimuli-induced nitric oxide production and abnormal innate immune responses in glia cells.
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