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El-Dairi R, Outinen O, Kankaanpää H. Anthropogenic underwater noise: A review on physiological and molecular responses of marine biota. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 199:115978. [PMID: 38217911 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
The detrimental effects of anthropogenic underwater noise on marine organisms have garnered significant attention among scientists. This review delves into the research concerning the repercussions of underwater noise on marine species, with specific emphasis on the physiological and molecular responses of marine biota. This review investigates the sensory mechanisms, hearing sensitivity, and reaction thresholds of diverse marine organisms, shedding light on their susceptibility to underwater noise disturbances. The physiological and molecular effects of anthropogenic underwater noise on marine biota include oxidative stress, energy homeostasis, metabolism, immune function, and respiration. Additionally, changes in the gene expression profile associated with oxidative stress, metabolism, and immunological response are among the responses reported for marine biota. These effects pose a threat to animal fitness and potentially affect their survival as individuals and populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami El-Dairi
- Marine and Freshwater Solutions, Finnish Environment Institute, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Okko Outinen
- Marine and Freshwater Solutions, Finnish Environment Institute, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harri Kankaanpää
- Marine and Freshwater Solutions, Finnish Environment Institute, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
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2
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Butler J, Anderson ER, Butler MJ. Habitat Restoration Restores Underwater Soundscapes and Larval Recruitment. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.785986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Habitat degradation alters many ecosystem processes, and the potential for the reestablishment of ecosystem function through restoration is an area of active research. Among marine systems, coastal habitats are particularly vulnerable to anthropogenic degradation and, in response, are the focus of marine ecological restoration. One of the crucial functions of structurally complex coastal habitats (e.g., saltmarshes, seagrass meadows, kelp forests, coral reefs) are as nurseries to coastal and offshore species, many of whose larvae utilize sound to locate suitable nursery habitat. However, the effect of habitat degradation and subsequent restoration on underwater soundscapes and their function as navigational cues for larvae is unexplored. We investigated these phenomena in sponge-dominated hardbottom habitat in the waters surrounding the middle Florida Keys (Florida, United States) that have been degraded in recent decades by massive sponge die-offs caused by harmful algal blooms. One of the consequences of sponge die-offs are dramatic changes in underwater sounds normally produced by sponge-associated animals. We tested whether soundscapes from healthy hardbottom habitat influenced larval recruitment, and then examined how hardbottom degradation and restoration with transplanted sponges affected underwater soundscapes and the recruitment of larval fishes and invertebrates. Larval assemblages recruiting to healthy areas were significantly different than those assemblages recruiting to either degraded or restored hardbottom areas. Fewer larvae recruited to degraded and restored areas compared to healthy hardbottom, particularly during the full moon. Experimental playback of healthy hardbottom soundscapes on degraded sites did not promote larval community differences although some individual species responded to the playback of healthy habitat soundscapes. These results indicate that habitat-associated soundscapes have idiosyncratic effects on larval settlement, which is diminished by the degradation of nursery habitat but can be reestablished with appropriate habitat restoration.
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Virto LR, Dumez H, Romero C, Bailly D. How can ports act to reduce underwater noise from shipping? Identifying effective management frameworks. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 174:113136. [PMID: 34952408 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper aims to find mechanisms to align commercial interests with underwater noise reductions from commercial shipping. Through a survey and a series of interviews with representative stakeholders, we find that while acknowledging the wide variations in ports' specificities, port actions could support the reduction in underwater noise emissions from commercial shipping through changes in hull, propeller and engine design, and through operational measures associated with reduced speed, change of route and travel in convoy. Though the impact of underwater noise emissions on marine fauna is increasingly shown to be serious and wide-spread, there is uncertainty in the mechanisms, the contexts, and the levels which should lead to action, requiring precautionary management. Vessels owners are already dealing with significant investment and operating costs to comply with fuel, ballast water, NOx and CO2 requirements. To be successful, underwater noise programs should align with these factors. Based on a multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) approach, we find a set of compromise solutions for a wide range of stakeholders. Ports could propose actions such as discounted port fees and reduced ship waiting times at ports, both depending on underwater noise performance. Cooperation between ports to scale up actions through environmental indexes and classification societies' notations, and integration with other ports' actions could help support this. However, few vessels know their underwater noise baseline as there are very few hydrophone stations, and measurement methodologies are not standardized. Costs increase and availability decreases dramatically if the vessel buyer wants to improve the noise profile. Local demands regarding airborne noise close to airports boosted global pressure on the aviation industry to adopt existing quieting technology. This experience of the aviation noise control could inform the underwater noise process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Recuero Virto
- Centre for the Law and Economics of the Sea (UMR M101 AMURE), European Institute for Marine Studies, Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France; Interdisciplinary Institute for Innovation (UMR 9217 i3), École Polytechnique, Bâtiment Ensta, 828, Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau Cedex, France.
| | - Hervé Dumez
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Innovation (UMR 9217 i3), École Polytechnique, Bâtiment Ensta, 828, Boulevard des Maréchaux, 91762 Palaiseau Cedex, France.
| | - Carlos Romero
- ETS Ingenieros de Montes, Forestales y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Denis Bailly
- Centre for the Law and Economics of the Sea (UMR M101 AMURE), European Institute for Marine Studies, Rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France.
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Williams BR, McAfee D, Connell SD. Repairing recruitment processes with sound technology to accelerate habitat restoration. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 31:e02386. [PMID: 34128289 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Humanity's ambitions to revive ecosystems at large scales require solutions to move restoration efforts beyond the small scale. There are increasing calls for technological solutions to reduce costs and facilitate large-scale restoration through the use of emerging technologies using an adaptive process of research and development. We show how technological enrichment of marine soundscapes may provide a solution that repairs the recruitment process to accelerate the recovery of lost marine habitats. This solution would solve the problems of current practice that largely relies upon natural recruitment processes, which carries considerable risk where recruitment is variable or eroded. By combining the literature with laboratory experiments, we describe evidence for "highways of sound" that convey navigable information for dispersing life stages in search for adult habitat. We show that these navigational cues tend to be silenced as their habitat is lost, creating negative feedbacks that hinders restoration. We suggest that reprovisioning soundscapes using underwater technology offers the potential to reverse this feedback and entice target organisms to recruit in greater densities. Collective evidence indicates that the application of soundscape theory and technology may unlock the recruitment potential needed to trigger the recruitment of target organisms and the natural soundscapes they create at large scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany R Williams
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, The Environment Institute, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Dominic McAfee
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, The Environment Institute, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Sean D Connell
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, The Environment Institute, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
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5
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From the Reef to the Ocean: Revealing the Acoustic Range of the Biophony of a Coral Reef (Moorea Island, French Polynesia). JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse9040420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The ability of different marine species to use acoustic cues to locate reefs is known, but the maximal propagation distance of coral reef sounds is still unknown. Using drifting antennas (made of a floater and an autonomous recorder connected to a hydrophone), six transects were realized from the reef crest up to 10 km in the open ocean on Moorea island (French Polynesia). Benthic invertebrates were the major contributors to the ambient noise, producing acoustic mass phenomena (3.5–5.5 kHz) that could propagate at more than 90 km under flat/calm sea conditions and more than 50 km with an average wind regime of 6 knots. However, fish choruses, with frequencies mainly between 200 and 500 Hz would not propagate at distances greater than 2 km. These distances decreased with increasing wind or ship traffic. Using audiograms of different taxa, we estimated that fish post-larvae and invertebrates likely hear the reef at distances up to 0.5 km and some cetaceans would be able to detect reefs up to more than 17 km. These results are an empirically based validation from an example reef and are essential to understanding the effect of soundscape degradation on different zoological groups.
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Castro JM, Amorim MCP, Oliveira AP, Gonçalves EJ, Munday PL, Simpson SD, Faria AM. Painted Goby Larvae under High-CO2 Fail to Recognize Reef Sounds. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170838. [PMID: 28125690 PMCID: PMC5268378 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atmospheric CO2 levels have been increasing at an unprecedented rate due to anthropogenic activity. Consequently, ocean pCO2 is increasing and pH decreasing, affecting marine life, including fish. For many coastal marine fishes, selection of the adult habitat occurs at the end of the pelagic larval phase. Fish larvae use a range of sensory cues, including sound, for locating settlement habitat. This study tested the effect of elevated CO2 on the ability of settlement-stage temperate fish to use auditory cues from adult coastal reef habitats. Wild late larval stages of painted goby (Pomatoschistus pictus) were exposed to control pCO2 (532 μatm, pH 8.06) and high pCO2 (1503 μatm, pH 7.66) conditions, likely to occur in nearshore regions subjected to upwelling events by the end of the century, and tested in an auditory choice chamber for their preference or avoidance to nighttime reef recordings. Fish reared in control pCO2 conditions discriminated reef soundscapes and were attracted by reef recordings. This behaviour changed in fish reared in the high CO2 conditions, with settlement-stage larvae strongly avoiding reef recordings. This study provides evidence that ocean acidification might affect the auditory responses of larval stages of temperate reef fish species, with potentially significant impacts on their survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana M. Castro
- MARE–Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ISPA-Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M. Clara P. Amorim
- MARE–Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ISPA-Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana P. Oliveira
- IPMA-Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, Algés, Portugal
| | - Emanuel J. Gonçalves
- MARE–Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ISPA-Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Philip L. Munday
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stephen D. Simpson
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Ana M. Faria
- MARE–Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ISPA-Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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Validation of trophic and anthropic underwater noise as settlement trigger in blue mussels. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33829. [PMID: 27644947 PMCID: PMC5028714 DOI: 10.1038/srep33829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Like the majority of benthic invertebrates, the blue mussel Mytilus edulis has a bentho-pelagic cycle with its larval settlement being a complex phenomenon involving numerous factors. Among these factors, underwater noise and pelagic trophic conditions have been weakly studied in previous researches. Under laboratory conditions, we tested the hypothesis that picoplankton assimilation by the pediveliger blue mussel larvae acts as a food cue that interacts with anthropic underwater sound to stimulate settlement. We used 13C-labeling microalgae to validate the assimilation of different picoplankton species in the tissues of pediveliger larvae. Our results clearly confirm our hypothesis with a significant synergic effect of these two factors. However, only the picoeukaryotes strains assimilated by larvae stimulated the settlement, whereas the non-ingested picocyanobacteria did not. Similar positive responses were observed with underwater sound characterized by low frequency vessel noises. The combination of both factors (trophic and vessel noise) drastically increased the mussel settlement by an order of 4 compared to the control (without picoplankton and noise). Settlement levels ranged from 16.5 to 67% in 67 h.
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Coral reef soundscapes may not be detectable far from the reef. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31862. [PMID: 27550394 PMCID: PMC4994009 DOI: 10.1038/srep31862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological sounds produced on coral reefs may provide settlement cues to marine larvae. Sound fields are composed of pressure and particle motion, which is the back and forth movement of acoustic particles. Particle motion (i.e., not pressure) is the relevant acoustic stimulus for many, if not most, marine animals. However, there have been no field measurements of reef particle motion. To address this deficiency, both pressure and particle motion were recorded at a range of distances from one Hawaiian coral reef at dawn and mid-morning on three separate days. Sound pressure attenuated with distance from the reef at dawn. Similar trends were apparent for particle velocity but with considerable variability. In general, average sound levels were low and perhaps too faint to be used as an orientation cue except very close to the reef. However, individual transient sounds that exceeded the mean values, sometimes by up to an order of magnitude, might be detectable far from the reef, depending on the hearing abilities of the larva. If sound is not being used as a long-range cue, it might still be useful for habitat selection or other biological activities within a reef.
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Lillis A, Eggleston DB, Bohnenstiehl DR. Soundscapes and Larval Settlement: Characterizing the Stimulus from a Larval Perspective. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 875:637-45. [PMID: 26611014 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that underwater sounds serve as a cue for the larvae of marine organisms to locate suitable settlement habitats; however, the relevant spatiotemporal scales of variability in habitat-related sounds and how this variation scales with larval settlement processes remain largely uncharacterized, particularly in estuarine habitats. Here, we provide an overview of the approaches we have developed to characterize an estuarine soundscape as it relates to larval processes, and a conceptual framework is provided for how habitat-related sounds may influence larval settlement, using oyster reef soundscapes as an example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlee Lillis
- Department of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Center for Marine Sciences and Technology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
| | - David B Eggleston
- Department of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Center for Marine Sciences and Technology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
| | - DelWayne R Bohnenstiehl
- Department of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Center for Marine Sciences and Technology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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Hinojosa IA, Green BS, Gardner C, Hesse J, Stanley JA, Jeffs AG. Reef Sound as an Orientation Cue for Shoreward Migration by Pueruli of the Rock Lobster, Jasus edwardsii. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157862. [PMID: 27310676 PMCID: PMC4910976 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The post-larval or puerulus stage of spiny, or rock, lobsters (Palinuridae) swim many kilometres from open oceans into coastal waters where they subsequently settle. The orientation cues used by the puerulus for this migration are unclear, but are presumed to be critical to finding a place to settle. Understanding this process may help explain the biological processes of dispersal and settlement, and be useful for developing realistic dispersal models. In this study, we examined the use of reef sound as an orientation cue by the puerulus stage of the southern rock lobster, Jasus edwardsii. Experiments were conducted using in situ binary choice chambers together with replayed recording of underwater reef sound. The experiment was conducted in a sandy lagoon under varying wind conditions. A significant proportion of puerulus (69%) swam towards the reef sound in calm wind conditions. However, in windy conditions (>25 m s-1) the orientation behaviour appeared to be less consistent with the inclusion of these results, reducing the overall proportion of pueruli that swam towards the reef sound (59.3%). These results resolve previous speculation that underwater reef sound is used as an orientation cue in the shoreward migration of the puerulus of spiny lobsters, and suggest that sea surface winds may moderate the ability of migrating pueruli to use this cue to locate coastal reef habitat to settle. Underwater sound may increase the chance of successful settlement and survival of this valuable species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan A. Hinojosa
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Nubeena Crescent, Taroona, Tasmania, 7053, Australia
- Universidad Católica del Norte, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Departamento de Biología Marina, Coquimbo, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus for Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Islands, Coquimbo, Chile
- * E-mail:
| | - Bridget S. Green
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Nubeena Crescent, Taroona, Tasmania, 7053, Australia
| | - Caleb Gardner
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Nubeena Crescent, Taroona, Tasmania, 7053, Australia
| | - Jan Hesse
- Leigh Marine Laboratory, Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, P.O. Box 349, Warkworth, New Zealand
| | - Jenni A. Stanley
- Leigh Marine Laboratory, Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, P.O. Box 349, Warkworth, New Zealand
| | - Andrew G. Jeffs
- Leigh Marine Laboratory, Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, P.O. Box 349, Warkworth, New Zealand
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Pine MK, Jeffs AG, Radford CA. Effects of Underwater Turbine Noise on Crab Larval Metamorphosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 875:847-52. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Small-Boat Noise Impacts Natural Settlement Behavior of Coral Reef Fish Larvae. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 875:1041-8. [PMID: 26611066 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
After a pelagic larval phase, settlement-stage coral reef fish must locate a suitable reef habitat for juvenile life. Reef noise, produced by resident fish and invertebrates, provides an important cue for orientation and habitat selection during this process, which must often occur in environments impacted by anthropogenic noise. We adapted an established field-based protocol to test whether recorded boat noise influenced the settlement behavior of reef fish. Fewer fish settled to patch reefs broadcasting boat + reef noise compared with reef noise alone. This study suggests that boat noise, now a common feature of many reefs, can compromise critical settlement behavior of reef fishes.
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13
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The effect of temporal variation in sound exposure on swimming and foraging behaviour of captive zebrafish. Anim Behav 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Parmentier E, Berten L, Rigo P, Aubrun F, Nedelec SL, Simpson SD, Lecchini D. The influence of various reef sounds on coral-fish larvae behaviour. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2015; 86:1507-1518. [PMID: 25786340 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The swimming behaviour of coral-reef fish larvae from 20 species of 10 different families was tested under natural and artificial sound conditions. Underwater sounds from reef habitats (barrier reef, fringing reef and mangrove) as well as a white noise were broadcasted in a choice chamber experiment. Sixteen of the 20 species tested significantly reacted to at least one of the habitat playback conditions, and a range of responses was observed: fishes were (1) attracted by a single sound but repelled by none (e.g. white-banded triggerfish Rhinecanthus aculeatus was attracted by the barrier-reef sound), (2) repelled by one or more sounds but attracted by none (e.g. bridled cardinalfish Pristiapogon fraenatus was repelled by the mangrove and the bay sounds), (3) attracted by all sounds (e.g. striated surgeonfish Ctenochaetus striatus), (4) attracted and repelled by several sounds (e.g. whitetail dascyllus Dascyllus aruanus was attracted by the barrier-reef sound and repelled by the mangrove sound) and (5) not influenced by any sound (e.g. convict surgeonfish Acanthurus triostegus). Overall, these results highlight two settlement strategies: a direct selection of habitats using sound (45% of the species), or a by-default selection by avoidance of certain sound habitats (35%). These results also clearly demonstrated the need to analyse the influence of sounds at the species-specific level since congeneric and confamilial species can express different behaviours when exposed to the same sounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Parmentier
- Laboratoire de Morphologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, AFFISH-RC, Institut de chimie, Bât. B6c, Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
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15
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Inducers of settlement and moulting in post-larval spiny lobster. Oecologia 2015; 178:685-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-015-3251-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Environmental predictors of ice seal presence in the Bering Sea. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106998. [PMID: 25229453 PMCID: PMC4167550 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ice seals overwintering in the Bering Sea are challenged with foraging, finding mates, and maintaining breathing holes in a dark and ice covered environment. Due to the difficulty of studying these species in their natural environment, very little is known about how the seals navigate under ice. Here we identify specific environmental parameters, including components of the ambient background sound, that are predictive of ice seal presence in the Bering Sea. Multi-year mooring deployments provided synoptic time series of acoustic and oceanographic parameters from which environmental parameters predictive of species presence were identified through a series of mixed models. Ice cover and 10 kHz sound level were significant predictors of seal presence, with 40 kHz sound and prey presence (combined with ice cover) as potential predictors as well. Ice seal presence showed a strong positive correlation with ice cover and a negative association with 10 kHz environmental sound. On average, there was a 20-30 dB difference between sound levels during solid ice conditions compared to open water or melting conditions, providing a salient acoustic gradient between open water and solid ice conditions by which ice seals could orient. By constantly assessing the acoustic environment associated with the seasonal ice movement in the Bering Sea, it is possible that ice seals could utilize aspects of the soundscape to gauge their safe distance to open water or the ice edge by orienting in the direction of higher sound levels indicative of open water, especially in the frequency range above 1 kHz. In rapidly changing Arctic and sub-Arctic environments, the seasonal ice conditions and soundscapes are likely to change which may impact the ability of animals using ice presence and cues to successfully function during the winter breeding season.
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17
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Pine MK, Jeffs AG, Radford CA. The cumulative effect on sound levels from multiple underwater anthropogenic sound sources in shallow coastal waters. J Appl Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew K. Pine
- Institute of Marine Science; University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
| | - Andrew G. Jeffs
- Institute of Marine Science; University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
| | - Craig A. Radford
- Institute of Marine Science; University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
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18
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Samson JE, Mooney TA, Gussekloo SW, Hanlon RT. Graded behavioral responses and habituation to sound in the common cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis. J Exp Biol 2014; 217:4347-55. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.113365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Sound is a widely available and vital cue in aquatic environments yet most bioacoustic research has focused on marine vertebrates, leaving sound detection in invertebrates poorly understood. Cephalopods are an ecologically key taxon that likely use sound and may be impacted by increasing anthropogenic ocean noise, but little is known regarding their behavioral responses or adaptations to sound stimuli. These experiments identify the acoustic range and levels that elicit a wide range of secondary defense behaviors such as inking, jetting, and rapid coloration change. Secondarily, it was found that cuttlefish habituate to certain sound stimuli. The present study examined the behavioral responses of 22 cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) to pure-tone pips ranging from 80-1000 Hz with sound pressure levels of 85–188 dB re 1 μPa rms and particle accelerations of 0-17.1 m.s-2. Cuttlefish escape responses (inking, jetting) were observed between frequencies of 80-300 Hz and at sound levels above 140 dB re 1 μPa rms and 0.01 m.s-2 (0.74 m.s-2 for inking responses). Body patterning changes and fin movements were observed at all frequencies and sound levels. Response intensity was dependent upon stimulus amplitude and frequency, suggesting that cuttlefish also possess loudness perception with a maximum sensitivity around 150 Hz. Cuttlefish habituated to repeated 200 Hz tone pips, at two sound intensities. Total response inhibition was not reached, however, and a basal response remained present in most animals. The graded responses provide a loudness sensitivity curve and suggest an ecological function for sound-use in cephalopods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E. Samson
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, United States; Wageningen University, The Netherlands
| | - T. Aran Mooney
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, United States; Marine Biological Laboratory, United States
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Lillis A, Eggleston DB, Bohnenstiehl DR. Oyster larvae settle in response to habitat-associated underwater sounds. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79337. [PMID: 24205381 PMCID: PMC3813695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a planktonic dispersal period of days to months, the larvae of benthic marine organisms must locate suitable seafloor habitat in which to settle and metamorphose. For animals that are sessile or sedentary as adults, settlement onto substrates that are adequate for survival and reproduction is particularly critical, yet represents a challenge since patchily distributed settlement sites may be difficult to find along a coast or within an estuary. Recent studies have demonstrated that the underwater soundscape, the distinct sounds that emanate from habitats and contain information about their biological and physical characteristics, may serve as broad-scale environmental cue for marine larvae to find satisfactory settlement sites. Here, we contrast the acoustic characteristics of oyster reef and off-reef soft bottoms, and investigate the effect of habitat-associated estuarine sound on the settlement patterns of an economically and ecologically important reef-building bivalve, the Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica). Subtidal oyster reefs in coastal North Carolina, USA show distinct acoustic signatures compared to adjacent off-reef soft bottom habitats, characterized by consistently higher levels of sound in the 1.5-20 kHz range. Manipulative laboratory playback experiments found increased settlement in larval oyster cultures exposed to oyster reef sound compared to unstructured soft bottom sound or no sound treatments. In field experiments, ambient reef sound produced higher levels of oyster settlement in larval cultures than did off-reef sound treatments. The results suggest that oyster larvae have the ability to respond to sounds indicative of optimal settlement sites, and this is the first evidence that habitat-related differences in estuarine sounds influence the settlement of a mollusk. Habitat-specific sound characteristics may represent an important settlement and habitat selection cue for estuarine invertebrates and could play a role in driving settlement and recruitment patterns in marine communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlee Lillis
- Department of Marine, Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - David B. Eggleston
- Department of Marine, Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - DelWayne R. Bohnenstiehl
- Department of Marine, Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
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Pine MK, Jeffs AG, Radford CA. Turbine sound may influence the metamorphosis behaviour of estuarine crab megalopae. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51790. [PMID: 23240063 PMCID: PMC3519903 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now widely accepted that a shift towards renewable energy production is needed in order to avoid further anthropogenically induced climate change. The ocean provides a largely untapped source of renewable energy. As a result, harvesting electrical power from the wind and tides has sparked immense government and commercial interest but with relatively little detailed understanding of the potential environmental impacts. This study investigated how the sound emitted from an underwater tidal turbine and an offshore wind turbine would influence the settlement and metamorphosis of the pelagic larvae of estuarine brachyuran crabs which are ubiquitous in most coastal habitats. In a laboratory experiment the median time to metamorphosis (TTM) for the megalopae of the crabs Austrohelice crassa and Hemigrapsus crenulatus was significantly increased by at least 18 h when exposed to either tidal turbine or sea-based wind turbine sound, compared to silent control treatments. Contrastingly, when either species were subjected to natural habitat sound, observed median TTM decreased by approximately 21–31% compared to silent control treatments, 38–47% compared to tidal turbine sound treatments, and 46–60% compared to wind turbine sound treatments. A lack of difference in median TTM in A. crassa between two different source levels of tidal turbine sound suggests the frequency composition of turbine sound is more relevant in explaining such responses rather than sound intensity. These results show that estuarine mudflat sound mediates natural metamorphosis behaviour in two common species of estuarine crabs, and that exposure to continuous turbine sound interferes with this natural process. These results raise concerns about the potential ecological impacts of sound generated by renewable energy generation systems placed in the nearshore environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew K Pine
- Leigh Marine Laboratory, University of Auckland, Warkworth, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Aquatic acoustic metrics interface utility for underwater sound monitoring and analysis. SENSORS 2012; 12:7438-50. [PMID: 22969353 PMCID: PMC3435982 DOI: 10.3390/s120607438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Fishes and marine mammals may suffer a range of potential effects from exposure to intense underwater sound generated by anthropogenic activities such as pile driving, shipping, sonars, and underwater blasting. Several underwater sound recording (USR) devices have been built to acquire samples of the underwater sound generated by anthropogenic activities. Software becomes indispensable for processing and analyzing the audio files recorded by these USRs. In this paper, we provide a detailed description of a new software package, the Aquatic Acoustic Metrics Interface (AAMI), specifically designed for analysis of underwater sound recordings to provide data in metrics that facilitate evaluation of the potential impacts of the sound on aquatic animals. In addition to the basic functions, such as loading and editing audio files recorded by USRs and batch processing of sound files, the software utilizes recording system calibration data to compute important parameters in physical units. The software also facilitates comparison of the noise sound sample metrics with biological measures such as audiograms of the sensitivity of aquatic animals to the sound, integrating various components into a single analytical frame. The features of the AAMI software are discussed, and several case studies are presented to illustrate its functionality.
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Stanley JA, Radford CA, Jeffs AG. Location, location, location: finding a suitable home among the noise. Proc Biol Sci 2012; 279:3622-31. [PMID: 22673354 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2012.0697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While sound is a useful cue for guiding the onshore orientation of larvae because it travels long distances underwater, it also has the potential to convey valuable information about the quality and type of the habitat at the source. Here, we provide, to our knowledge, the first evidence that settlement-stage coastal crab species can interpret and show a strong settlement and metamorphosis response to habitat-related differences in natural underwater sound. Laboratory- and field-based experiments demonstrated that time to metamorphosis in the settlement-stage larvae of common coastal crab species varied in response to different underwater sound signatures produced by different habitat types. The megalopae of five species of both temperate and tropical crabs showed a significant decrease in time to metamorphosis, when exposed to sound from their optimal settlement habitat type compared with other habitat types. These results indicate that sounds emanating from specific underwater habitats may play a major role in determining spatial patterns of recruitment in coastal crab species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni A Stanley
- Leigh Marine Laboratory, University of Auckland, PO Box 349, Warkworth 0941, New Zealand.
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Wilkens SL, Stanley JA, Jeffs AG. Induction of settlement in mussel (Perna canaliculus) larvae by vessel noise. BIOFOULING 2012; 28:65-72. [PMID: 22235850 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2011.651717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Underwater sound plays an important role in the settlement behaviour of many coastal organisms. Large steel-hulled vessels are known to be a major source of underwater sound in the marine environment. The possibility that underwater sound from vessels may promote biofouling of hulls through triggering natural larval settlement cues was investigated for the mussel, Perna canaliculus. The mussel larvae showed significantly faster settlement when exposed to the underwater noise produced by a 125-m long steel-hulled passenger and freight ferry. Median time to attachment on the substrata (ie settlement) was reduced by 22% and the time taken for all experimental larvae to settle was reduced by 40% relative to a silent control. There was no difference in the survival of the mussel larvae among the various noise treatments. The decrease in settlement time of the mussel larvae appeared to correlate with the intensity of the vessel sound, suggesting that underwater sound emanating from vessels may be an important factor in exacerbating hull fouling by mussels.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Wilkens
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Private Bag 14901, Kilbirnie, Wellington 6241, New Zealand.
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