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Booth SJ, Garg S, Brown LJE, Green J, Pobric G, Taylor JR. Aberrant oscillatory activity in neurofibromatosis type 1: an EEG study of resting state and working memory. J Neurodev Disord 2023; 15:27. [PMID: 37608248 PMCID: PMC10463416 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-023-09492-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a genetic neurodevelopmental disorder commonly associated with impaired cognitive function. Despite the well-explored functional roles of neural oscillations in neurotypical populations, only a limited number of studies have investigated oscillatory activity in the NF1 population. METHODS We compared oscillatory spectral power and theta phase coherence in a paediatric sample with NF1 (N = 16; mean age: 13.03 years; female: n = 7) to an age/sex-matched typically developing control group (N = 16; mean age: 13.34 years; female: n = 7) using electroencephalography measured during rest and during working memory task performance. RESULTS Relative to typically developing children, the NF1 group displayed higher resting state slow wave power and a lower peak alpha frequency. Moreover, higher theta power and frontoparietal theta phase coherence were observed in the NF1 group during working memory task performance, but these differences disappeared when controlling for baseline (resting state) activity. CONCLUSIONS Overall, results suggest that NF1 is characterised by aberrant resting state oscillatory activity that may contribute towards the cognitive impairments experienced in this population. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03310996 (first posted: October 16, 2017).
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Booth
- Division of Psychology, Communication and Human Neuroscience, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Shruti Garg
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Child & Adolescent Mental Health Services, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Laura J E Brown
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Jonathan Green
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Child & Adolescent Mental Health Services, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Gorana Pobric
- Division of Psychology, Communication and Human Neuroscience, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Jason R Taylor
- Division of Psychology, Communication and Human Neuroscience, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.
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2
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Banerjee A, Kamboj P, Wyckoff SN, Sussman BL, Gupta SKS, Boerwinkle VL. Automated seizure onset zone locator from resting-state functional MRI in drug-resistant epilepsy. FRONTIERS IN NEUROIMAGING 2023; 1:1007668. [PMID: 37555141 PMCID: PMC10406253 DOI: 10.3389/fnimg.2022.1007668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accurate localization of a seizure onset zone (SOZ) from independent components (IC) of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) improves surgical outcomes in children with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). Automated IC sorting has limited success in identifying SOZ localizing ICs in adult normal rs-fMRI or uncategorized epilepsy. Children face unique challenges due to the developing brain and its associated surgical risks. This study proposes a novel SOZ localization algorithm (EPIK) for children with DRE. METHODS EPIK is developed in a phased approach, where fMRI noise-related biomarkers are used through high-fidelity image processing techniques to eliminate noise ICs. Then, the SOZ markers are used through a maximum likelihood-based classifier to determine SOZ localizing ICs. The performance of EPIK was evaluated on a unique pediatric DRE dataset (n = 52). A total of 24 children underwent surgical resection or ablation of an rs-fMRI identified SOZ, concurrently evaluated with an EEG and anatomical MRI. Two state-of-art techniques were used for comparison: (a) least squares support-vector machine and (b) convolutional neural networks. The performance was benchmarked against expert IC sorting and Engel outcomes for surgical SOZ resection or ablation. The analysis was stratified across age and sex. RESULTS EPIK outperformed state-of-art techniques for SOZ localizing IC identification with a mean accuracy of 84.7% (4% higher), a precision of 74.1% (22% higher), a specificity of 81.9% (3.2% higher), and a sensitivity of 88.6% (16.5% higher). EPIK showed consistent performance across age and sex with the best performance in those < 5 years of age. It helped achieve a ~5-fold reduction in the number of ICs to be potentially analyzed during pre-surgical screening. SIGNIFICANCE Automated SOZ localization from rs-fMRI, validated against surgical outcomes, indicates the potential for clinical feasibility. It eliminates the need for expert sorting, outperforms prior automated methods, and is consistent across age and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Banerjee
- School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Payal Kamboj
- School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Sarah N. Wyckoff
- Division of Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Bethany L. Sussman
- Division of Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Sandeep K. S. Gupta
- School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Varina L. Boerwinkle
- Division of Child Neurology, University of North Carolina Department of Neurology, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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Capuzzi E, Caldiroli A, Auxilia AM, Borgonovo R, Capellazzi M, Clerici M, Buoli M. Biological Predictors of Treatment Response in Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Systematic Review. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12101742. [PMID: 36294881 PMCID: PMC9605680 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12101742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent condition with onset in childhood and in many cases persisting into adulthood. Even though an increasing number of studies have investigated the efficacy of pharmacotherapy in the management of adult ADHD, few authors have tried to identify the biological predictors of treatment response. Objectives: To summarize the available data about the biological markers of treatment response in adults affected by ADHD. Methods: A search on the main biomedical and psychological archives (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and PsycINFO) was performed. Manuscripts in English, published up to May 2022 and having the biological predictors of treatment response in adults with ADHD as their main topic, were included. Results: A total of 3855 articles was screened. Twenty-two articles were finally included. Most of the manuscripts studied neuroimaging and electrophysiological factors as potential predictors of treatment response in adult ADHD patients. No reliable markers were identified until now. Promising findings on this topic regard genetic polymorphisms in snap receptor (SNARE) proteins and default mode network-striatum connectivity. Conclusions: Even though some biological markers seem promising for the prediction of treatment response in adults affected by ADHD, further studies are needed to confirm the available data in the context of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Capuzzi
- Psychiatric Department, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Monza, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0392339670
| | - Alice Caldiroli
- Psychiatric Department, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Monza, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Auxilia
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Riccardo Borgonovo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Martina Capellazzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Massimo Clerici
- Psychiatric Department, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Monza, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Buoli
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
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4
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Michels L, Riese F, Meyer R, Kälin AM, Leh SE, Unschuld PG, Luechinger R, Hock C, O'Gorman R, Kollias S, Gietl A. EEG-fMRI Signal Coupling Is Modulated in Subjects With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Amyloid Deposition. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:631172. [PMID: 33967737 PMCID: PMC8104007 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.631172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment indicates disturbed brain physiology which can be due to various mechanisms including Alzheimer's pathology. Combined functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) recordings (EEG-fMRI) can assess the interplay between complementary measures of brain activity and EEG changes to be localized to specific brain regions. We used a two-step approach, where we first examined changes related to a syndrome of mild cognitive impairment irrespective of pathology and then studied the specific impact of amyloid pathology. After detailed clinical and neuropsychological characterization as well as a positron emission tomography (PET) scans with the tracer 11-[C]-Pittsburgh Compound B to estimate cerebral amyloid deposition, 14 subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (mean age 75.6 SD: 8.9) according to standard criteria and 21 cognitively healthy controls (HCS) (mean age 71.8 SD: 4.2) were assessed with EEG-fMRI. Thalamo-cortical alpha-fMRI signal coupling was only observed in HCS. Additional EEG-fMRI signal coupling differences between HCS and MCI were observed in parts of the default mode network, salience network, fronto-parietal network, and thalamus. Individuals with significant cerebral amyloid deposition (amyloid-positive MCI and HCS combined compared to amyloid-negative HCS) displayed abnormal EEG-fMRI signal coupling in visual, fronto-parietal regions but also in the parahippocampus, brain stem, and cerebellum. This finding was paralleled by stronger absolute fMRI signal in the parahippocampus and weaker absolute fMRI signal in the inferior frontal gyrus in amyloid-positive subjects. We conclude that the thalamocortical coupling in the alpha band in HCS more closely reflects previous findings observed in younger adults, while in MCI there is a clearly aberrant coupling in several networks dominated by an anticorrelation in the posterior cingulate cortex. While these findings may broadly indicate physiological changes in MCI, amyloid pathology was specifically associated with abnormal fMRI signal responses and disrupted coupling between brain oscillations and fMRI signal responses, which especially involve core regions of memory: the hippocampus, para-hippocampus, and lateral prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Michels
- Department of Neuroradiology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Riese
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich (PUK), Zurich, Switzerland.,University Research Priority Programs (URPP) ≪Dynamics of Healthy Aging≫, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rafael Meyer
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea M Kälin
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra E Leh
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paul G Unschuld
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich (PUK), Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Geriatric Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Roger Luechinger
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University and Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Hock
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neurimmune AG, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Ruth O'Gorman
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Spyros Kollias
- Department of Neuroradiology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anton Gietl
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich (PUK), Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Hu G, Zhou T, Luo S, Mahini R, Xu J, Chang Y, Cong F. Assessment of nonnegative matrix factorization algorithms for electroencephalography spectral analysis. Biomed Eng Online 2020; 19:61. [PMID: 32736630 PMCID: PMC7393858 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-020-00796-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) has been successfully used for electroencephalography (EEG) spectral analysis. Since NMF was proposed in the 1990s, many adaptive algorithms have been developed. However, the performance of their use in EEG data analysis has not been fully compared. Here, we provide a comparison of four NMF algorithms in terms of accuracy of estimation, stability (repeatability of the results) and time complexity of algorithms with simulated data. In the practical application of NMF algorithms, stability plays an important role, which was an emphasis in the comparison. A Hierarchical clustering algorithm was implemented to evaluate the stability of NMF algorithms. RESULTS In simulation-based comprehensive analysis of fit, stability, accuracy of estimation and time complexity, hierarchical alternating least squares (HALS) low-rank NMF algorithm (lraNMF_HALS) outperformed the other three NMF algorithms. In the application of lraNMF_HALS for real resting-state EEG data analysis, stable and interpretable features were extracted. CONCLUSION Based on the results of assessment, our recommendation is to use lraNMF_HALS, providing the most accurate and robust estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Hu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Tianyi Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.,Center for Cognition and Neuroergonomics, State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai, China
| | - Siwen Luo
- Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Reza Mahini
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Yi Chang
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Fengyu Cong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China. .,School of Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China. .,Key Laboratory of Integrated Circuit and Biomedical Electronic System, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China. .,Faculty of Information Technology, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland.
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Wienke AS, Basar-Eroglu C, Schmiedt-Fehr C, Mathes B. Novelty N2-P3a Complex and Theta Oscillations Reflect Improving Neural Coordination Within Frontal Brain Networks During Adolescence. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:218. [PMID: 30319369 PMCID: PMC6170662 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescents are easily distracted by novel items than adults. Maturation of the frontal cortex and its integration into widely distributed brain networks may result in diminishing distractibility with the transition into young adulthood. The aim of this study was to investigate maturational changes of brain activity during novelty processing. We hypothesized that during adolescence, timing and task-relevant modulation of frontal cortex network activity elicited by novelty processing improves, concurrently with increasing cognitive control abilities. A visual novelty oddball task was utilized in combination with EEG measurements to investigate brain maturation between 8–28 years of age (n = 84). Developmental changes of the frontal N2-P3a complex and concurrent theta oscillations (4–7 Hz) elicited by rare and unexpected novel stimuli were analyzed using regression models. N2 amplitude decreased, P3a amplitude increased, and latency of both components decreased with age. Pre-stimulus amplitude of theta oscillations decreased, while inter-trial consistency, task-related amplitude modulation and inter-site connectivity of frontal theta oscillations increased with age. Targets, intertwined in a stimulus train with regular non-targets and novels, were detected faster with increasing age. These results indicate that neural processing of novel stimuli became faster and the neural activation pattern more precise in timing and amplitude modulation. Better inter-site connectivity further implicates that frontal brain maturation leads to global neural reorganization and better integration of frontal brain activity within widely distributed brain networks. Faster target detection indicated that these maturational changes in neural activation during novelty processing may result in diminished distractibility and increased cognitive control to pursue the task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Susann Wienke
- Institute of Psychology and Cognition Research & Center of Cognitive Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Canan Basar-Eroglu
- Institute of Psychology and Cognition Research & Center of Cognitive Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.,Izmir University of Economy, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Christina Schmiedt-Fehr
- Institute of Psychology and Cognition Research & Center of Cognitive Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Birgit Mathes
- Institute of Psychology and Cognition Research & Center of Cognitive Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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7
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Liu S, Poh JH, Koh HL, Ng KK, Loke YM, Lim JKW, Chong JSX, Zhou J. Carrying the past to the future: Distinct brain networks underlie individual differences in human spatial working memory capacity. Neuroimage 2018; 176:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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8
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Bollmann S, Ghisleni C, Poil SS, Martin E, Ball J, Eich-Höchli D, Klaver P, O'Gorman RL, Michels L, Brandeis D. Age-dependent and -independent changes in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) during spatial working memory performance. World J Biol Psychiatry 2017; 18:279-290. [PMID: 26515661 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2015.1112034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been associated with spatial working memory as well as frontostriatal core deficits. However, it is still unclear how the link between these frontostriatal deficits and working memory function in ADHD differs in children and adults. This study examined spatial working memory in adults and children with ADHD, focussing on identifying regions demonstrating age-invariant or age-dependent abnormalities. METHODS We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine a group of 26 children and 35 adults to study load manipulated spatial working memory in patients and controls. RESULTS In comparison to healthy controls, patients demonstrated reduced positive parietal and frontostriatal load effects, i.e., less increase in brain activity from low to high load, despite similar task performance. In addition, younger patients showed negative load effects, i.e., a decrease in brain activity from low to high load, in medial prefrontal regions. Load effect differences between ADHD and controls that differed between age groups were found predominantly in prefrontal regions. Age-invariant load effect differences occurred predominantly in frontostriatal regions. CONCLUSIONS The age-dependent deviations support the role of prefrontal maturation and compensation in ADHD, while the age-invariant alterations observed in frontostriatal regions provide further evidence that these regions reflect a core pathophysiology in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Bollmann
- a Center for MR-Research, University Children's Hospital , Zurich , Switzerland.,b Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland.,c Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland.,d Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland.,e Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Carmen Ghisleni
- a Center for MR-Research, University Children's Hospital , Zurich , Switzerland.,b Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland.,c Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland.,f Department of Psychology, University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Simon-Shlomo Poil
- a Center for MR-Research, University Children's Hospital , Zurich , Switzerland.,c Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Ernst Martin
- a Center for MR-Research, University Children's Hospital , Zurich , Switzerland.,b Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Juliane Ball
- g Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | | | - Peter Klaver
- a Center for MR-Research, University Children's Hospital , Zurich , Switzerland.,b Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland.,c Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland.,f Department of Psychology, University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland.,i School of Psychology, University of Surrey , Guildford , UK
| | - Ruth L O'Gorman
- a Center for MR-Research, University Children's Hospital , Zurich , Switzerland.,c Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland.,j Pediatric Research Center, University Children's Hospital , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Lars Michels
- a Center for MR-Research, University Children's Hospital , Zurich , Switzerland.,k Department of Neuroradiology , University Hospital of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Daniel Brandeis
- b Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland.,c Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland.,g Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland.,l Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University , Mannheim , Germany
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Dai Z, de Souza J, Lim J, Ho PM, Chen Y, Li J, Thakor N, Bezerianos A, Sun Y. EEG Cortical Connectivity Analysis of Working Memory Reveals Topological Reorganization in Theta and Alpha Bands. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:237. [PMID: 28553215 PMCID: PMC5427143 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have revealed various working memory (WM)-related brain activities that originate from various cortical regions and oscillate at different frequencies. However, multi-frequency band analysis of the brain network in WM in the cortical space remains largely unexplored. In this study, we employed a graph theoretical framework to characterize the topological properties of the brain functional network in the theta and alpha frequency bands during WM tasks. Twenty-eight subjects performed visual n-back tasks at two difficulty levels, i.e., 0-back (control task) and 2-back (WM task). After preprocessing, Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals were projected into the source space and 80 cortical brain regions were selected for further analysis. Subsequently, the theta- and alpha-band networks were constructed by calculating the Pearson correlation coefficients between the power series (obtained by concatenating the power values of all epochs in each session) of all pairs of brain regions. Graph theoretical approaches were then employed to estimate the topological properties of the brain networks at different WM tasks. We found higher functional integration in the theta band and lower functional segregation in the alpha band in the WM task compared with the control task. Moreover, compared to the 0-back task, altered regional centrality was revealed in the 2-back task in various brain regions that mainly resided in the frontal, temporal and occipital lobes, with distinct presentations in the theta and alpha bands. In addition, significant negative correlations were found between the reaction time with the average path length of the theta-band network and the local clustering of the alpha-band network, which demonstrates the potential for using the brain network metrics as biomarkers for predicting the task performance during WM tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxiang Dai
- Centre for Life Science, Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology, National University of SingaporeSingapore, Singapore
| | - Joshua de Souza
- Centre for Life Science, Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology, National University of SingaporeSingapore, Singapore
| | - Julian Lim
- Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, Centre of Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical SchoolSingapore, Singapore
| | - Paul M Ho
- Centre for Life Science, Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology, National University of SingaporeSingapore, Singapore
| | - Yu Chen
- Computational Intelligence Lab, School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore, Singapore
| | - Junhua Li
- Centre for Life Science, Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology, National University of SingaporeSingapore, Singapore
| | - Nitish Thakor
- Centre for Life Science, Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology, National University of SingaporeSingapore, Singapore
| | - Anastasios Bezerianos
- Centre for Life Science, Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology, National University of SingaporeSingapore, Singapore
| | - Yu Sun
- Centre for Life Science, Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology, National University of SingaporeSingapore, Singapore
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10
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Rusterholz T, Achermann P, Dürr R, Koenig T, Tarokh L. Global field synchronization in gamma range of the sleep EEG tracks sleep depth: Artifact introduced by a rectangular analysis window. J Neurosci Methods 2017; 284:21-26. [PMID: 28411116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Investigating functional connectivity between brain networks has become an area of interest in neuroscience. Several methods for investigating connectivity have recently been developed, however, these techniques need to be applied with care. We demonstrate that global field synchronization (GFS), a global measure of phase alignment in the EEG as a function of frequency, must be applied considering signal processing principles in order to yield valid results. NEW METHOD Multichannel EEG (27 derivations) was analyzed for GFS based on the complex spectrum derived by the fast Fourier transform (FFT). We examined the effect of window functions on GFS, in particular of non-rectangular windows. RESULTS Applying a rectangular window when calculating the FFT revealed high GFS values for high frequencies (>15Hz) that were highly correlated (r=0.9) with spectral power in the lower frequency range (0.75-4.5Hz) and tracked the depth of sleep. This turned out to be spurious synchronization. With a non-rectangular window (Tukey or Hanning window) these high frequency synchronization vanished. Both, GFS and power density spectra significantly differed for rectangular and non-rectangular windows. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S) Previous papers using GFS typically did not specify the applied window and may have used a rectangular window function. However, the demonstrated impact of the window function raises the question of the validity of some previous findings at higher frequencies. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that it is crucial to apply an appropriate window function for determining synchronization measures based on a spectral approach to avoid spurious synchronization in the beta/gamma range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Rusterholz
- University of Zurich, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zurich, Switzerland; University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Achermann
- University of Zurich, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zurich, Switzerland; University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Neuroscience Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; University of Zurich, Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland; University of Zurich, Zurich Center for Interdisciplinary Sleep Research, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Roland Dürr
- University of Zurich, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Koenig
- University Hospital of Psychiatry Bern, Translational Research Center, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Leila Tarokh
- University of Zurich, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zurich, Switzerland; University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, USA
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11
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Rutar Gorišek V, Zupanc Isoski V, Belič A, Manouilidou C, Koritnik B, Bon J, Pečarič Meglič N, Vrabec M, Žibert J, Repovš G, Zidar J. Beyond aphasia: Altered EEG connectivity in Broca's patients during working memory task. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2016; 163:10-21. [PMID: 27631161 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Broca's region and adjacent cortex presumably take part in working memory (WM) processes. Electrophysiologically, these processes are reflected in synchronized oscillations. We present the first study exploring the effects of a stroke causing Broca's aphasia on these processes and specifically on synchronized functional WM networks. We used high-density EEG and coherence analysis to map WM networks in ten Broca's patients and ten healthy controls during verbal WM task. Our results demonstrate that a stroke resulting in Broca's aphasia also alters two distinct WM networks. These theta and gamma functional networks likely reflect the executive and the phonological processes, respectively. The striking imbalance between task-related theta synchronization and desynchronization in Broca's patients might represent a disrupted balance between task-positive and WM-irrelevant functional networks. There is complete disintegration of left fronto-centroparietal gamma network in Broca's patients, which could reflect the damaged phonological loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Rutar Gorišek
- Institute of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 7, SI-1525 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Vlasta Zupanc Isoski
- Division of Neurology, Unit of Neurorehabilitation, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 7, SI-1525 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Aleš Belič
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | | | - Blaž Koritnik
- Institute of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 7, SI-1525 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Jure Bon
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Nuška Pečarič Meglič
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matej Vrabec
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Žibert
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 4, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Grega Repovš
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Janez Zidar
- Institute of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 7, SI-1525 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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12
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Achermann P, Rusterholz T, Dürr R, König T, Tarokh L. Global field synchronization reveals rapid eye movement sleep as most synchronized brain state in the human EEG. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2016; 3:160201. [PMID: 27853537 PMCID: PMC5098962 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.160201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sleep is characterized by a loss of consciousness, which has been attributed to a breakdown of functional connectivity between brain regions. Global field synchronization (GFS) can estimate functional connectivity of brain processes. GFS is a frequency-dependent measure of global synchronicity of multi-channel EEG data. Our aim was to explore and extend the hypothesis of disconnection during sleep by comparing GFS spectra of different vigilance states. The analysis was performed on eight healthy adult male subjects. EEG was recorded during a baseline night, a recovery night after 40 h of sustained wakefulness and at 3 h intervals during the 40 h of wakefulness. Compared to non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, REM sleep showed larger GFS values in all frequencies except in the spindle and theta bands, where NREM sleep showed a peak in GFS. Sleep deprivation did not affect GFS spectra in REM and NREM sleep. Waking GFS values were lower compared with REM and NREM sleep except for the alpha band. Waking alpha GFS decreased following sleep deprivation in the eyes closed condition only. Our surprising finding of higher synchrony during REM sleep challenges the view of REM sleep as a desynchronized brain state and may provide insight into the function of REM sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Achermann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Interdisciplinary Sleep Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Rusterholz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roland Dürr
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas König
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Leila Tarokh
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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13
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Ahmad RF, Malik AS, Kamel N, Reza F, Abdullah JM. Simultaneous EEG-fMRI for working memory of the human brain. AUSTRALASIAN PHYSICAL & ENGINEERING SCIENCES IN MEDICINE 2016; 39:363-78. [PMID: 27043850 DOI: 10.1007/s13246-016-0438-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Memory plays an important role in human life. Memory can be divided into two categories, i.e., long term memory and short term memory (STM). STM or working memory (WM) stores information for a short span of time and it is used for information manipulations and fast response activities. WM is generally involved in the higher cognitive functions of the brain. Different studies have been carried out by researchers to understand the WM process. Most of these studies were based on neuroimaging modalities like fMRI, EEG, MEG etc., which use standalone processes. Each neuroimaging modality has some pros and cons. For example, EEG gives high temporal resolution but poor spatial resolution. On the other hand, the fMRI results have a high spatial resolution but poor temporal resolution. For a more in depth understanding and insight of what is happening inside the human brain during the WM process or during cognitive tasks, high spatial as well as high temporal resolution is desirable. Over the past decade, researchers have been working to combine different modalities to achieve a high spatial and temporal resolution at the same time. Developments of MRI compatible EEG equipment in recent times have enabled researchers to combine EEG-fMRI successfully. The research publications in simultaneous EEG-fMRI have been increasing tremendously. This review is focused on the WM research involving simultaneous EEG-fMRI data acquisition and analysis. We have covered the simultaneous EEG-fMRI application in WM and data processing. Also, it adds to potential fusion methods which can be used for simultaneous EEG-fMRI for WM and cognitive tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Fayyaz Ahmad
- Centre for Intelligent Signal and Imaging Research (CISIR), Tronoh, Malaysia. .,Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - Aamir Saeed Malik
- Centre for Intelligent Signal and Imaging Research (CISIR), Tronoh, Malaysia. .,Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - Nidal Kamel
- Centre for Intelligent Signal and Imaging Research (CISIR), Tronoh, Malaysia.,Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Faruque Reza
- Department of Neurosciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Centre for Neuroscience Services and Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Jafri Malin Abdullah
- Department of Neurosciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.,Centre for Neuroscience Services and Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
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14
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Bluschke A, Roessner V, Beste C. Editorial Perspective: How to optimise frequency band neurofeedback for ADHD. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2016; 57:457-61. [PMID: 26968314 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent paediatric neuropsychiatric disorders and is characterised by hyperactivity, inattention and increased impulsivity. Children with ADHD are often also characterised by deficits in a variety of cognitive domains, including problems in working memory, a generally slower and more variable style of information processing and deficits in temporal processing, inhibitory functions and delay processing. Overarching executive functions like information updating, response inhibition and mental set shifting are also impaired in many, but not all, children with ADHD, demonstrating the neuropsychological heterogeneity characterising this disorder. Deficits in executive functions can persist into adulthood and have a substantial negative impact on everyday life. A variety of approaches are commonly considered for the treatment of ADHD (including pharmacological interventions, patient-centred cognitive-behavioural therapy approaches and specific teacher/parent training programmes). More recently, adding to this multimodal treatment approach, neurofeedback has grown in popularity as an intervention option for patients with ADHD. This article considers this intervention approach and the opportunities for optimising treatment for executive control dysfunctions in ADHD using theta/beta neurofeedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annet Bluschke
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Veit Roessner
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Beste
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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15
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Lenartowicz A, Lu S, Rodriguez C, Lau EP, Walshaw PD, McCracken JT, Cohen MS, Loo SK. Alpha desynchronization and fronto-parietal connectivity during spatial working memory encoding deficits in ADHD: A simultaneous EEG-fMRI study. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2016; 11:210-223. [PMID: 26955516 PMCID: PMC4761724 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The underlying mechanisms of alpha band (8-12 Hz) neural oscillations are of importance to the functioning of attention control systems as well as to neuropsychiatric conditions that are characterized by deficits of that system, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The objectives of the present study were to test if visual encoding-related alpha event-related desynchronization (ERD) correlates with fronto-parieto-occipital connectivity, and whether this is disrupted in ADHD during spatial working memory (SWM) performance. We acquired EEG concurrently with fMRI in thirty boys (12-16 yrs. old, 15 with ADHD), during SWM encoding. Psychophysiological connectivity analyses indicated that alpha ERD during SWM encoding was associated with both occipital activation and fronto-parieto-occipital functional connectivity, a finding that expands on prior associations between alpha ERD and occipital activation. This finding provides novel support for the interpretation of alpha ERD (and the associated changes in occipital activation) as a phenomenon that involves, and perhaps arises as a result of, top-down network interactions. Alpha ERD was associated less strongly with occipital activity, but associated more strongly with fronto-parieto-occipital connectivity in ADHD, consistent with a compensatory attentional response. Additionally, we illustrate that degradation of EEG data quality by MRI-amplified motion artifacts is robust to existing cleaning algorithms and is significantly correlated with hyperactivity symptoms and the ADHD Combined Type diagnosis. We conclude that persistent motion-related MR artifacts in EEG data can increase variance and introduce bias in interpretation of group differences in populations characterized by hypermobility--a clear limitation of current-state EEG-fMRI methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agatha Lenartowicz
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States; David Geffen School of Medicine, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States.
| | - Steven Lu
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States
| | - Cameron Rodriguez
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States
| | - Edward P Lau
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States
| | - Patricia D Walshaw
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States; David Geffen School of Medicine, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States
| | - James T McCracken
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States; David Geffen School of Medicine, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States
| | - Mark S Cohen
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States; David Geffen School of Medicine, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States; California Nanosystems Institute, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States
| | - Sandra K Loo
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States; David Geffen School of Medicine, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024, United States
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16
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Stokić M, Milovanović D, Ljubisavljević MR, Nenadović V, Čukić M. Memory load effect in auditory-verbal short-term memory task: EEG fractal and spectral analysis. Exp Brain Res 2015; 233:3023-38. [PMID: 26169106 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-015-4372-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this preliminary study was to quantify changes in complexity of EEG using fractal dimension (FD) alongside linear methods of spectral power, event-related spectral perturbations, coherence, and source localization of EEG generators for theta (4-7 Hz), alpha (8-12 Hz), and beta (13-23 Hz) frequency bands due to a memory load effect in an auditory-verbal short-term memory (AVSTM) task for words. We examined 20 healthy individuals using the Sternberg's paradigm with increasing memory load (three, five, and seven words). The stimuli were four-letter words. Artifact-free 5-s EEG segments during retention period were analyzed. The most significant finding was the increase in FD with the increase in memory load in temporal regions T3 and T4, and in parietal region Pz, while decrease in FD with increase in memory load was registered in frontal midline region Fz. Results point to increase in frontal midline (Fz) theta spectral power, decrease in alpha spectral power in parietal region-Pz, and increase in beta spectral power in T3 and T4 region with increase in memory load. Decrease in theta coherence within right hemisphere due to memory load was obtained. Alpha coherence increased in posterior regions with anterior decrease. Beta coherence increased in fronto-temporal regions. Source localization delineated theta activity increase in frontal midline region, alpha decrease in superior parietal region, and beta increase in superior temporal gyrus with increase in memory load. In conclusion, FD as a nonlinear measure may serve as a sensitive index for quantifying dynamical changes in EEG signals during AVSTM tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miodrag Stokić
- Life Activities Advancement Center, Gospodar Jovanova 35, 11 000, Belgrade, Serbia. .,Institute for Experimental Phonetics and Speech Pathology, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Dragan Milovanović
- School of Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade, Kralja Aleksandra 73, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Miloš R Ljubisavljević
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, P. O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Vanja Nenadović
- Life Activities Advancement Center, Gospodar Jovanova 35, 11 000, Belgrade, Serbia. .,Institute for Experimental Phonetics and Speech Pathology, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Milena Čukić
- Biomedical Center, Torlak Institute, Vojvode Stepe 458, 11 000, Belgrade, Serbia.
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17
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Kitsune GL, Cheung CHM, Brandeis D, Banaschewski T, Asherson P, McLoughlin G, Kuntsi J. A Matter of Time: The Influence of Recording Context on EEG Spectral Power in Adolescents and Young Adults with ADHD. Brain Topogr 2015; 28:580-90. [PMID: 25200165 PMCID: PMC4475242 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-014-0395-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Elevated theta or theta/beta ratio is often reported in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but the consistency across studies and the relation to hypoarousal are increasingly questioned. Reports of elevated delta related to maturational lag and of attenuated beta activity are less well replicated. Some critical inconsistencies could relate to differences in recording context. We examined if resting-state EEG power or global field synchronization (GFS) differed between recordings made at the beginning and end of a 1.5 h testing session in 76 adolescents and young adults with ADHD, and 85 controls. In addition, we aimed to examine the effect of IQ on any potential group differences. Both regional and midline electrodes yielded group main effects for delta, trends in theta, but no differences in alpha or theta/beta ratio. An additional group difference in beta was detected when using regions. Group by time interactions in delta and theta became significant when controlling for IQ. The ADHD group had higher delta and theta power at time-1, but not at time-2, whereas beta power was elevated only at time-2. GFS did not differ between groups or condition. We show some ADHD-control differences on EEG spectral power varied with recording time within a single recording session, with both IQ and electrode selection having a small but significant influence on observed differences. Our findings demonstrate the effect of recording context on resting-state EEG, and highlight the importance of accounting for these variables to ensure consistency of results in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn L. Kitsune
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Celeste H. M. Cheung
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel Brandeis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Philip Asherson
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Gráinne McLoughlin
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Jonna Kuntsi
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
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18
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Kottlow M, Schlaepfer A, Baenninger A, Michels L, Brandeis D, Koenig T. Pre-stimulus BOLD-network activation modulates EEG spectral activity during working memory retention. Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 9:111. [PMID: 25999828 PMCID: PMC4422031 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Working memory (WM) processes depend on our momentary mental state and therefore exhibit considerable fluctuations. Here, we investigate the interplay of task-preparatory and task-related brain activity as represented by pre-stimulus BOLD-fluctuations and spectral EEG from the retention periods of a visual WM task. Visual WM is used to maintain sensory information in the brain enabling the performance of cognitive operations and is associated with mental health. We tested 22 subjects simultaneously with EEG and fMRI while performing a visuo-verbal Sternberg task with two different loads, allowing for the temporal separation of preparation, encoding, retention and retrieval periods. Four temporally coherent networks (TCNs)—the default mode network (DMN), the dorsal attention, the right and the left WM network—were extracted from the continuous BOLD data by means of a group ICA. Subsequently, the modulatory effect of these networks' pre-stimulus activation upon retention-related EEG activity in the theta, alpha, and beta frequencies was analyzed. The obtained results are informative in the context of state-dependent information processing. We were able to replicate two well-known load-dependent effects: the frontal-midline theta increase during the task and the decrease of pre-stimulus DMN activity. As our main finding, these two measures seem to depend on each other as the significant negative correlations at frontal-midline channels suggested. Thus, suppressed pre-stimulus DMN levels facilitated later task related frontal midline theta increases. In general, based on previous findings that neuronal coupling in different frequency bands may underlie distinct functions in WM retention, our results suggest that processes reflected by spectral oscillations during retention seem not only to be “online” synchronized with activity in different attention-related networks but are also modulated by activity in these networks during preparation intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Kottlow
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Bern Psychiatric Services (UPS) Bern, Switzerland ; Chronobiology and Sleep Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland ; Center for Cognition, Learning and Memory, University of Bern Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anthony Schlaepfer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anja Baenninger
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Bern Psychiatric Services (UPS) Bern, Switzerland ; Center for Cognition, Learning and Memory, University of Bern Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lars Michels
- Institute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Brandeis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland ; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim/Heidelberg University Mannheim, Germany ; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland ; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Koenig
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Bern Psychiatric Services (UPS) Bern, Switzerland ; Center for Cognition, Learning and Memory, University of Bern Bern, Switzerland
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19
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Skirrow C, McLoughlin G, Banaschewski T, Brandeis D, Kuntsi J, Asherson P. Normalisation of frontal theta activity following methylphenidate treatment in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 25:85-94. [PMID: 25435084 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with cognitive performance and functional brain changes that are sensitive to task conditions, indicating a role for dynamic impairments rather than stable cognitive deficits. Prominent hypotheses consistent with this observation are a failure to optimise brain arousal or activation states. Here we investigate cortical activation during different conditions. Using a sample of 41 non-comorbid adults with ADHD and 48 controls, we examine quantitative EEG activity during a resting state, a cued continuous performance test with flankers (CPT-OX) and the sustained attention to response task (SART). We further investigate the effects of methylphenidate in a subsample of 21 ADHD cases. Control participants showed a task-related increase in theta activity when engaged in cognitive tasks, primarily in frontal and parietal regions, which was absent in participants with ADHD. Treatment with methylphenidate resulted in normalisation of the resting state to task activation pattern. These findings suggest that ADHD in adults is associated with insufficient allocation of neuronal resources required for normal cortical activation commensurate with task demands. Further work is required to clarify the causal role of the deficit in cortical activation and provide a clearer understanding of the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Skirrow
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK.
| | - Grainne McLoughlin
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK.
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Daniel Brandeis
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Jonna Kuntsi
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK.
| | - Philip Asherson
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK.
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20
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Ozelo HFB, Alessio A, Sercheli MS, Bilevicius E, Pedro T, Pereira FRS, Rondina JM, Damasceno BP, Cendes F, Covolan RJM. Pattern changes of EEG oscillations and BOLD signals associated with temporal lobe epilepsy as revealed by a working memory task. BMC Neurosci 2014; 15:52. [PMID: 24766708 PMCID: PMC4021216 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-15-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is known that the abnormal neural activity in epilepsy may be associated to the reorganization of neural circuits and brain plasticity in various ways. On that basis, we hypothesized that changes in neuronal circuitry due to epilepsy could lead to measurable variations in patterns of both EEG and BOLD signals in patients performing some cognitive task as compared to what would be obtained in normal condition. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the cerebral areas involved in EEG oscillations versus fMRI signal patterns during a working memory (WM) task in normal controls and patients with refractory mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) associated with hippocampal sclerosis (HS). The study included six patients with left MTLE-HS (left-HS group) and seven normal controls (control group) matched to the patients by age and educational level, both groups undergoing a blocked design paradigm based on Sternberg test during separated EEG and fMRI sessions. This test consisted of encoding and maintenance of a variable number of consonant letters on WM. Results EEG analysis for the encoding period revealed the presence of theta and alpha oscillations in the frontal and parietal areas, respectively. Likewise, fMRI showed the co-occurrence of positive and negative BOLD signals in both brain regions. As for the maintenance period, whereas EEG analysis revealed disappearance of theta oscillation, fMRI showed decrease of positive BOLD in frontal area and increase of negative BOLD in the posterior part of the brain. Conclusions Generally speaking, these patterns of electrophysiological and hemodynamic signals were observed for both control and left-HS groups. However, the data also revealed remarkable differences between these groups that are consistent with the hypothesis of reorganization of brain circuitry associated with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Roberto J M Covolan
- Neurophysics Group, Gleb Wataghin Physics Institute, University of Campinas, Unicamp, Campinas, Brazil.
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21
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Developmental changes of functional and directed resting-state connectivities associated with neuronal oscillations in EEG. Neuroimage 2013; 81:231-242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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22
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Hsieh LT, Ranganath C. Frontal midline theta oscillations during working memory maintenance and episodic encoding and retrieval. Neuroimage 2013; 85 Pt 2:721-9. [PMID: 23933041 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural oscillations in the theta band (4-8 Hz) are prominent in the human electroencephalogram (EEG), and many recent electrophysiological studies in animals and humans have implicated scalp-recorded frontal midline theta (FMT) in working memory and episodic memory encoding and retrieval processes. However, the functional significance of theta oscillations in human memory processes remains largely unknown. Here, we review studies in human and animals examining how scalp-recorded FMT relates to memory behaviors and also their possible neural generators. We also discuss models of the functional relevance of theta oscillations to memory processes and suggest promising directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Tien Hsieh
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California at Davis.,Department of Psychology, University of California at Davis
| | - Charan Ranganath
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California at Davis.,Department of Psychology, University of California at Davis
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23
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Knyazev GG. EEG correlates of self-referential processing. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:264. [PMID: 23761757 PMCID: PMC3674309 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-referential processing has been principally investigated using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). However, understanding of the brain functioning is not possible without careful comparison of the evidence coming from different methodological domains. This paper aims to review electroencephalographic (EEG) studies of self-referential processing and to evaluate how they correspond, complement, or contradict the existing fMRI evidence. There are potentially two approaches to the study of EEG correlates of self-referential processing. Firstly, because simultaneous registration of EEG and fMRI has become possible, the degree of overlap between these two signals in brain regions related to self-referential processing could be determined. Second and more direct approach would be the study of EEG correlates of self-referential processing per se. In this review, I discuss studies, which employed both these approaches and show that in line with fMRI evidence, EEG correlates of self-referential processing are most frequently found in brain regions overlapping with the default network, particularly in the medial prefrontal cortex. In the time domain, the discrimination of self- and others-related information is mostly associated with the P300 ERP component, but sometimes is observed even earlier. In the frequency domain, different frequency oscillations have been shown to contribute to self-referential processing, with spontaneous self-referential mentation being mostly associated with the alpha frequency band.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennady G Knyazev
- Institute of Physiology, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences , Novosibirsk , Russia
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24
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Hoffmann S, Labrenz F, Themann M, Wascher E, Beste C. Crosslinking EEG time-frequency decomposition and fMRI in error monitoring. Brain Struct Funct 2013; 219:595-605. [PMID: 23443964 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-013-0521-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies implicate a common response monitoring system, being active during erroneous and correct responses. Converging evidence from time-frequency decompositions of the response-related ERP revealed that evoked theta activity at fronto-central electrode positions differentiates correct from erroneous responses in simple tasks, but also in more complex tasks. However, up to now it is unclear how different electrophysiological parameters of error processing, especially at the level of neural oscillations are related, or predictive for BOLD signal changes reflecting error processing at a functional-neuroanatomical level. The present study aims to provide crosslinks between time domain information, time-frequency information, MRI BOLD signal and behavioral parameters in a task examining error monitoring due to mistakes in a mental rotation task. The results show that BOLD signal changes reflecting error processing on a functional-neuroanatomical level are best predicted by evoked oscillations in the theta frequency band. Although the fMRI results in this study account for an involvement of the anterior cingulate cortex, middle frontal gyrus, and the Insula in error processing, the correlation of evoked oscillations and BOLD signal was restricted to a coupling of evoked theta and anterior cingulate cortex BOLD activity. The current results indicate that although there is a distributed functional-neuroanatomical network mediating error processing, only distinct parts of this network seem to modulate electrophysiological properties of error monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Hoffmann
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Ardeystr. 64, 44139, Dortmund, Germany,
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25
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O'Gorman RL, Poil SS, Brandeis D, Klaver P, Bollmann S, Ghisleni C, Lüchinger R, Martin E, Shankaranarayanan A, Alsop DC, Michels L. Coupling between resting cerebral perfusion and EEG. Brain Topogr 2012; 26:442-57. [PMID: 23160910 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-012-0265-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
While several studies have investigated interactions between the electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging BOLD signal fluctuations, less is known about the associations between EEG oscillations and baseline brain haemodynamics, and few studies have examined the link between EEG power outside the alpha band and baseline perfusion. Here we compare whole-brain arterial spin labelling perfusion MRI and EEG in a group of healthy adults (n = 16, ten females, median age: 27 years, range 21-48) during an eyes closed rest condition. Correlations emerged between perfusion and global average EEG power in low (delta: 2-4 Hz and theta: 4-7 Hz), middle (alpha: 8-13 Hz), and high (beta: 13-30 Hz and gamma: 30-45 Hz) frequency bands in both cortical and sub-cortical regions. The correlations were predominately positive in middle and high-frequency bands, and negative in delta. In addition, central alpha frequency positively correlated with perfusion in a network of brain regions associated with the modulation of attention and preparedness for external input, and central theta frequency correlated negatively with a widespread network of cortical regions. These results indicate that the coupling between average EEG power/frequency and local cerebral blood flow varies in a frequency specific manner. Our results are consistent with longstanding concepts that decreasing EEG frequencies which in general map onto decreasing levels of activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L O'Gorman
- Center for MR-Research, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, CH-8032, Zurich, Switzerland
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