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Li M, Zhang L, Yu J, Wang X, Cheng L, Ma Z, Chen X, Wang L, Goh BC. AKR1C3 in carcinomas: from multifaceted roles to therapeutic strategies. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1378292. [PMID: 38523637 PMCID: PMC10957692 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1378292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Aldo-Keto Reductase Family 1 Member C3 (AKR1C3), also known as type 5 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD5) or prostaglandin F (PGF) synthase, functions as a pivotal enzyme in androgen biosynthesis. It catalyzes the conversion of weak androgens, estrone (a weak estrogen), and PGD2 into potent androgens (testosterone and 5α-dihydrotestosterone), 17β-estradiol (a potent estrogen), and 11β-PGF2α, respectively. Elevated levels of AKR1C3 activate androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway, contributing to tumor recurrence and imparting resistance to cancer therapies. The overexpression of AKR1C3 serves as an oncogenic factor, promoting carcinoma cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, and is correlated with unfavorable prognosis and overall survival in carcinoma patients. Inhibiting AKR1C3 has demonstrated potent efficacy in suppressing tumor progression and overcoming treatment resistance. As a result, the development and design of AKR1C3 inhibitors have garnered increasing interest among researchers, with significant progress witnessed in recent years. Novel AKR1C3 inhibitors, including natural products and analogues of existing drugs designed based on their structures and frameworks, continue to be discovered and developed in laboratories worldwide. The AKR1C3 enzyme has emerged as a key player in carcinoma progression and therapeutic resistance, posing challenges in cancer treatment. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of AKR1C3's role in carcinoma development, its implications in therapeutic resistance, and recent advancements in the development of AKR1C3 inhibitors for tumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengnan Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- Jingzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jingzhou, China
- The Third Clinical Medical College of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Yu
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Le Cheng
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Zhaowu Ma
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xiaoguang Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Department of Haematology–Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boon Cher Goh
- Department of Haematology–Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Center for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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2
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Maghsoudi H, Sheikhnia F, Sitarek P, Hajmalek N, Hassani S, Rashidi V, Khodagholi S, Mir SM, Malekinejad F, Kheradmand F, Ghorbanpour M, Ghasemzadeh N, Kowalczyk T. The Potential Preventive and Therapeutic Roles of NSAIDs in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5435. [PMID: 38001694 PMCID: PMC10670652 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most common type of cancer and the leading cause of death among men worldwide. Preventing the progression of cancer after treatments such as radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy, and hormone therapy is a major concern faced by prostate cancer patients. Inflammation, which can be caused by various factors such as infections, the microbiome, obesity and a high-fat diet, is considered to be the main cause of PC. Inflammatory cells are believed to play a crucial role in tumor progression. Therefore, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs along with their effects on the treatment of inflammation-related diseases, can prevent cancer and its progression by suppressing various inflammatory pathways. Recent evidence shows that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are effective in the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer. In this review, we discuss the different pathways through which these drugs exert their potential preventive and therapeutic effects on prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Maghsoudi
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 57147-83734, Iran; (H.M.); (F.S.); (V.R.); (F.M.)
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 57147-83734, Iran; (S.H.); (F.K.); (N.G.)
| | - Farhad Sheikhnia
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 57147-83734, Iran; (H.M.); (F.S.); (V.R.); (F.M.)
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 57147-83734, Iran; (S.H.); (F.K.); (N.G.)
| | - Przemysław Sitarek
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Nooshin Hajmalek
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol 47176-47754, Iran;
| | - Sepideh Hassani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 57147-83734, Iran; (S.H.); (F.K.); (N.G.)
| | - Vahid Rashidi
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 57147-83734, Iran; (H.M.); (F.S.); (V.R.); (F.M.)
| | - Sadaf Khodagholi
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada;
| | - Seyed Mostafa Mir
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Gorgan Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan 49189-36316, Iran;
| | - Faezeh Malekinejad
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 57147-83734, Iran; (H.M.); (F.S.); (V.R.); (F.M.)
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 57147-83734, Iran; (S.H.); (F.K.); (N.G.)
| | - Fatemeh Kheradmand
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 57147-83734, Iran; (S.H.); (F.K.); (N.G.)
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 57147-83734, Iran
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 57147-83734, Iran
| | - Mansour Ghorbanpour
- Department of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak 38156-88349, Iran;
| | - Navid Ghasemzadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia 57147-83734, Iran; (S.H.); (F.K.); (N.G.)
| | - Tomasz Kowalczyk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland;
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Liu H, Yao Z, Sun M, Zhang C, Huang YY, Luo HB, Wu D, Zheng X. Inhibition of AKR1Cs by liquiritigenin and the structural basis. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 385:110654. [PMID: 37666442 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
In vivo and in vitro studies have confirmed that liquiritigenin (LQ), the primary active component of licorice, acts as an antitumor agent. However, how LQ diminishes or inhibits tumor growth is not fully understood. Here, we report the enzymatic inhibition of LQ and six other flavanone analogues towards AKR1Cs (AKR1C1, AKR1C2 and AKR1C3), which are involved in prostate cancer, breast cancer, and resistance of anticancer drugs. Crystallographic studies revealed AKR1C3 inhibition of LQ is related to its complementarity with the active site and the hydrogen bonds net in the catalytic site formed through C7-OH, aided by its nonplanar and compact structure due to the saturation of the C2C3 double bond. Comparison of the LQ conformations in the structures of AKR1C1 and AKR1C3 revealed the induced-fit conformation changes, which explains the lack of isoform selectivity of LQ. Our findings will be helpful for better understanding the antitumor effects of LQ on hormonally dependent cancers and the rational design of selective AKR1Cs inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Ziqing Yao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Mingna Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Yi-You Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Hai-Bin Luo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Deyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, Hainan, China.
| | - Xuehua Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
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4
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Sun Z, Zhao Z, Fang B, Hung W, Gao H, Zhao W, Lan H, Liu M, Zhao L, Zhang M. Effect of Thermal Inactivation on Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory Activities and Chemical Profile of Postbiotics. Foods 2023; 12:3579. [PMID: 37835233 PMCID: PMC10572142 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inactivation is a crucial step in the production of postbiotics, with thermal inactivation being the prevailing method employed. Nevertheless, the impact of thermal treatment on bioactivity and chemical composition remains unexplored. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of heating temperature on the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory properties and the chemical composition of ET-22 and BL-99 postbiotics. The findings revealed that subjecting ET-22 and BL-99 to thermal treatment ranging from 70 °C to 121 °C for a duration of 10 min effectively deactivated them, leading to the disruption of cellular structure and release of intracellular contents. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of ET-22 and BL-99 postbiotics remained unaffected by mild heating temperatures (below 100 °C). However, excessive heating at 121 °C diminished the antioxidant activity of the postbiotic. To further investigate the impact of thermal treatments on chemical composition, non-targeted metabolomics was conducted to analyze the cell-free supernatants derived from ET-22 and BL-99. The results revealed that compared to mild inactivation at temperatures below 100 °C, the excessive temperature of 121 °C significantly altered the chemical profile of the postbiotic. Several bioactive components with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, including zomepirac, flumethasone, 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid, and phenyllactic acid, exhibited a significant reduction in their levels following exposure to a temperature of 121 °C. This decline in their abundance may be associated with a corresponding decrease in their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The cumulative evidence gathered strongly indicates that heating temperatures exert a discernible influence on the properties of postbiotics, whereby excessive heating leads to the degradation of heat-sensitive active constituents and subsequent diminishment of their biological efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Sun
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Weilian Hung
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010110, China
| | - Haina Gao
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010110, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Hohhot 010110, China
| | - Hanglian Lan
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Hohhot 010110, China
| | - Mingkun Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
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Marinović MA, Bekić SS, Kugler M, Brynda J, Škerlová J, Škorić DĐ, Řezáčová P, Petri ET, Ćelić AS. X-ray structure of human aldo-keto reductase 1C3 in complex with a bile acid fused tetrazole inhibitor: experimental validation, molecular docking and structural analysis. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:341-355. [PMID: 36846371 PMCID: PMC9945864 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00387b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldo-keto reductase 1C3 (AKR1C3) catalyzes the reduction of androstenedione to testosterone and reduces the effectiveness of chemotherapeutics. AKR1C3 is a target for treatment of breast and prostate cancer and AKR1C3 inhibition could be an effective adjuvant therapy in the context of leukemia and other cancers. In the present study, steroidal bile acid fused tetrazoles were screened for their ability to inhibit AKR1C3. Four C24 bile acids with C-ring fused tetrazoles were moderate to strong AKR1C3 inhibitors (37-88% inhibition), while B-ring fused tetrazoles had no effect on AKR1C3 activity. Based on a fluorescence assay in yeast cells, these four compounds displayed no affinity for estrogen receptor-α, or the androgen receptor, suggesting a lack of estrogenic or androgenic effects. A top inhibitor showed specificity for AKR1C3 over AKR1C2, and inhibited AKR1C3 with an IC50 of ∼7 μM. The structure of AKR1C3·NADP+ in complex with this C-ring fused bile acid tetrazole was determined by X-ray crystallography at 1.4 Å resolution, revealing that the C24 carboxylate is anchored to the catalytic oxyanion site (H117, Y55); meanwhile the tetrazole interacts with a tryptophan (W227) important for steroid recognition. Molecular docking predicts that all four top AKR1C3 inhibitors bind with nearly identical geometry, suggesting that C-ring bile acid fused tetrazoles represent a new class of AKR1C3 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja A. Marinović
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Novi SadTrg Dositeja Obradovića 221000 Novi SadSerbia
| | - Sofija S. Bekić
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi SadTrg Dositeja Obradovića 321000 Novi SadSerbia
| | - Michael Kugler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of SciencesFlemingovo nám. 2Prague16610Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Brynda
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of SciencesFlemingovo nám. 2Prague16610Czech Republic
| | - Jana Škerlová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of SciencesFlemingovo nám. 2Prague16610Czech Republic
| | - Dušan Đ. Škorić
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi SadTrg Dositeja Obradovića 321000 Novi SadSerbia
| | - Pavlína Řezáčová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of SciencesFlemingovo nám. 2Prague16610Czech Republic
| | - Edward T. Petri
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Novi SadTrg Dositeja Obradovića 221000 Novi SadSerbia
| | - Andjelka S. Ćelić
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Novi SadTrg Dositeja Obradovića 221000 Novi SadSerbia
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6
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Liu Y, Chen Y, Jiang J, Chu X, Guo Q, Zhao L, Feng F, Liu W, Zhang X, He S, Yang P, Fang P, Sun H. Development of highly potent and specific AKR1C3 inhibitors to restore the chemosensitivity of drug-resistant breast cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 247:115013. [PMID: 36566714 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.115013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aldo-keto reductase 1C3 (AKR1C3) is overexpressed in multiple hormone related cancers, such as breast and prostate cancer, and is correlated with tumor development and aggressiveness. As a phase I biotransformation enzyme, AKR1C3 catalyzes the metabolic processes that lead to resistance to anthracyclines, the "gold standard" for breast cancer treatment. Novel approaches to restore the chemotherapy sensitivity of breast cancer are urgently required. Herein, we developed a new class of AKR1C3 inhibitors that demonstrated potent inhibitory activity and exquisite selectivity for closely related isoforms. The best derivative 27 (S19-1035) exhibits an IC50 value of 3.04 nM for AKR1C3 and >3289-fold selectivity over other isoforms. We determined the co-crystal structures of AKR1C3 with three of the inhibitors, providing a solid foundation for further structure-based drug optimization. Co-administration of these AKR1C3 inhibitors significantly reversed the doxorubicin (DOX) resistance in a resistant breast cancer cell line. Therefore, the novel AKR1C3 specific inhibitors developed in this work may serve as effective adjuvants to overcome DOX resistance in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China; Academy for Advance Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Chen
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiheng Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Xianglin Chu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinglong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceuticals Science College, Institute of Food and Pharmaceuticals Research, 223005, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyuan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Zhang
- Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceuticals Science College, Institute of Food and Pharmaceuticals Research, 223005, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peng Yang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pengfei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
| | - Haopeng Sun
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China.
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Marinović M, Petri E, Grbović L, Vasiljević B, Jovanović-Šanta S, Bekić S, Ćelić A. Investigation of the potential of bile acid methyl esters as inhibitors of aldo-keto reductase 1C2: insight from molecular docking, virtual screening, experimental assays and molecular dynamics. Mol Inform 2022; 41:e2100256. [PMID: 35393780 DOI: 10.1002/minf.202100256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Human aldo-keto reductase 1C isoforms catalyze reduction of endogenous and exogenous compounds, including therapeutic drugs, and are associated with chemotherapy resistance. AKR1C2 is involved in metastatic processes and is a target for the treatment of various cancers. Here we used molecular docking to explore a series of bile acid methyl esters as AKR1C2 inhibitors. Autodock 4.2 ranked 10 of 11 test compounds above decoys based on ursodeoxycholate, an AKR1C2 inhibitor, while 5 ranked above 94% of decoys in Autodock Vina. Seven inactives reported not to inhibit AKR1C2 ranked below the decoy threshold. Virtual screen of a natural product library in Autodock Vina using the same parameters, identified steroidal derivatives, bile acids, and other AKR1C ligands in the top 5%. In experiments, 6 out of 11 tested bile acid methyl esters inhibited >50% of AKR1C2 activity, while 2 compounds were AKR1C3 inhibitors. The top ranking compound showed dose-dependent inhibition of AKR1C2 (IC50 ~3.6 µM). Molecular dynamics was used to explore interactions between a bile acid methyl ester and the AKR1C2 active site. Our molecular docking results identify AKR1C2 as a target for bile acid methyl esters, which combined with virtual screening results provides new directions for the synthesis of AKR1C inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Marinović
- University of Novi Sad Faculty of Science and Mathematics, SERBIA
| | - Edward Petri
- University of Novi Sad Faculty of Science and Mathematics, SERBIA
| | - Ljubica Grbović
- University of Novi Sad Faculty of Science and Mathematics, SERBIA
| | | | | | - Sofija Bekić
- University of Novi Sad Faculty of Science and Mathematics, SERBIA
| | - Andjelka Ćelić
- University of Novi Sad Faculty of Science and Mathematics, SERBIA
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8
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Möller G, Temml V, Cala Peralta A, Gruet O, Richomme P, Séraphin D, Viault G, Kraus L, Huber-Cantonati P, Schopfhauser E, Pachmayr J, Tokarz J, Schuster D, Helesbeux JJ, Dyar KA. Analogues of Natural Chalcones as Efficient Inhibitors of AKR1C3. Metabolites 2022; 12:99. [PMID: 35208174 PMCID: PMC8876231 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12020099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring substances are valuable resources for drug development. In this respect, chalcones are known to be antiproliferative agents against prostate cancer cell lines through various mechanisms or targets. Based on the literature and preliminary results, we aimed to study and optimise the efficiency of a series of chalcones to inhibit androgen-converting AKR1C3, known to promote prostate cancer. A total of 12 chalcones with different substitution patterns were synthesised. Structure-activity relationships associated with these modifications on AKR1C3 inhibition were analysed by performing enzymatic assays and docking simulations. In addition, the selectivity and cytotoxicity of the compounds were assessed. In enzymatic assays, C-6' hydroxylated derivatives were more active than C-6' methoxylated derivatives. In contrast, C-4 methylation increased activity over C-4 hydroxylation. Docking results supported these findings with the most active compounds fitting nicely in the binding site and exhibiting strong interactions with key amino acid residues. The most effective inhibitors were not cytotoxic for HEK293T cells and selective for 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases not primarily involved in steroid hormone metabolism. Nevertheless, they inhibited several enzymes of the steroid metabolism pathways. Favourable substitutions that enhanced AKR1C3 inhibition of chalcones were identified. This study paves the way to further develop compounds from this series or related flavonoids with improved inhibitory activity against AKR1C3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Möller
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (J.T.); (K.A.D.)
| | - Veronika Temml
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (V.T.); (E.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Antonio Cala Peralta
- University of Angers, SONAS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 Angers, France; (A.C.P.); (O.G.); (P.R.); (D.S.); (G.V.); (J.-J.H.)
| | - Océane Gruet
- University of Angers, SONAS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 Angers, France; (A.C.P.); (O.G.); (P.R.); (D.S.); (G.V.); (J.-J.H.)
| | - Pascal Richomme
- University of Angers, SONAS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 Angers, France; (A.C.P.); (O.G.); (P.R.); (D.S.); (G.V.); (J.-J.H.)
| | - Denis Séraphin
- University of Angers, SONAS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 Angers, France; (A.C.P.); (O.G.); (P.R.); (D.S.); (G.V.); (J.-J.H.)
| | - Guillaume Viault
- University of Angers, SONAS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 Angers, France; (A.C.P.); (O.G.); (P.R.); (D.S.); (G.V.); (J.-J.H.)
| | - Luisa Kraus
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology and Clinical Pharmacy, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (L.K.); (P.H.-C.); (J.P.)
| | - Petra Huber-Cantonati
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology and Clinical Pharmacy, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (L.K.); (P.H.-C.); (J.P.)
| | - Elisabeth Schopfhauser
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (V.T.); (E.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Johanna Pachmayr
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology and Clinical Pharmacy, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (L.K.); (P.H.-C.); (J.P.)
| | - Janina Tokarz
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (J.T.); (K.A.D.)
| | - Daniela Schuster
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (V.T.); (E.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Jean-Jacques Helesbeux
- University of Angers, SONAS, SFR QUASAV, F-49000 Angers, France; (A.C.P.); (O.G.); (P.R.); (D.S.); (G.V.); (J.-J.H.)
| | - Kenneth Allen Dyar
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (J.T.); (K.A.D.)
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9
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Pagliarini R, Podrini C. Metabolic Reprogramming and Reconstruction: Integration of Experimental and Computational Studies to Set the Path Forward in ADPKD. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:740087. [PMID: 34901057 PMCID: PMC8652061 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.740087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a key feature of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) characterized by changes in cellular pathways occurring in response to the pathological cell conditions. In ADPKD, a broad range of dysregulated pathways have been found. The studies supporting alterations in cell metabolism have shown that the metabolic preference for abnormal cystic growth is to utilize aerobic glycolysis, increasing glutamine uptake and reducing oxidative phosphorylation, consequently resulting in ADPKD cells shifting their energy to alternative energetic pathways. The mechanism behind the role of the polycystin proteins and how it leads to disease remains unclear, despite the identification of numerous signaling pathways. The integration of computational data analysis that accompanies experimental findings was pivotal in the identification of metabolic reprogramming in ADPKD. Here, we summarize the important results and argue that their exploitation may give further insights into the regulative mechanisms driving metabolic reprogramming in ADPKD. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview on metabolic focused studies and potential targets for treatment, and to propose that computational approaches could be instrumental in advancing this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Pagliarini
- Molecular Basis of Cystic Kidney Disorders Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS-San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Christine Podrini
- Molecular Basis of Cystic Kidney Disorders Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS-San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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10
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Khalilullah H. Identification of Anti‐Cancer Agents Targeting Aldo‐Keto Reductase (AKR) 1C3 Protein by Pharmacophore Modeling, Virtual Screening and Molecular Docking. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Habibullah Khalilullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Pharmacognosy Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University Unaizah 51911 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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11
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Armstrong CM, Gao AC. Dysregulated androgen synthesis and anti-androgen resistance in advanced prostate cancer. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2021; 9:292-300. [PMID: 34541028 PMCID: PMC8446765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Current therapies for treating castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) include abiraterone and enzalutamide which function by inhibiting androgen signaling by targeting androgen synthesis and antagonizing the androgen receptor (AR) respectively. While these therapies are initially beneficial, resistance inevitably develops. A number of pathways have been identified to contribute to CRPC progression and drug resistance. Among these is aberrant androgen signaling perpetuated by increased expression and activity of androgenic enzymes. While abiraterone inhibits the androgenic enzyme, CYP17A1, androgen synthesis inhibition by abiraterone is incomplete and sustained androgenesis persists, in part due to increased levels of AKR1C3 and steroid sulfatase (STS). Expression of both of these enzymes is increased in CRPC and is associated with resistance to anti-androgens. A number of studies have identified methods for targeting these enzymes. Indomethacin, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used to treat inflammatory arthritis has been well established as an inhibitor of AKR1C3. Treatment of CRPC cells with indomethacin reduces cell growth and improves the response to enzalutamide and abiraterone. Similarly, STS inhibitors have been shown to reduce intracrine androgens and also reduce CRPC growth and enhance anti-androgen treatment. In this review, we provide an overview of androgen synthesis in CRPC and strategies aimed at inhibiting intracrine androgens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron M Armstrong
- Department of Urology, University of California, DavisSacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Allen C Gao
- Department of Urology, University of California, DavisSacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, DavisSacramento, CA 95817, USA
- VA Northern California Health Care SystemSacramento, CA 95655, USA
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12
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Horgan C, O' Sullivan TP. Recent Developments in the Practical Application of Novel Carboxylic Acid Bioisosteres. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:2203-2234. [PMID: 34420501 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210820112126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The carboxylic acid is an important functional group which features in the pharmacophore of some 450 drugs. Unfortunately, some carboxylic acid-containing drugs have been withdrawn from market due to unforeseen toxicity issues. Other issues associated with the carboxylate moiety include reduced metabolic stability or limited passive diffusion across biological membranes. Medicinal chemists often turn to bioisosteres to circumvent such obstacles. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to provide a summary of the various applications of novel carboxylic acid bioisosteres which have appeared in the literature since 2013. RESULTS We have summarised the most recent developments in carboxylic acid bioisosterism. In particular, we focus on the changes in bioactivity, selectivity or physiochemical properties brought about by these substitutions, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each isostere. CONCLUSION The topics discussed herein highlight the continued interest in carboxylate bioisosteres. The development of novel carboxylic acid substitutes which display improved pharmacological profiles is testament to the innovation and creativity required to overcome the challenges faced in modern drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor Horgan
- School of Chemistry, University College Cork, Cork. Ireland
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13
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Guerfi M, Berredjem M, Bahadi R, Djouad SE, Bouzina A, Aissaoui M. An efficient synthesis, characterization, DFT study and molecular docking of novel sulfonylcycloureas. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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14
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Bayoumi M, Munir M. Structural Insights Into m6A-Erasers: A Step Toward Understanding Molecule Specificity and Potential Antiviral Targeting. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:587108. [PMID: 33511112 PMCID: PMC7835257 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.587108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular RNA can acquire a variety of chemical modifications during the cell cycle, and compelling pieces of evidence highlight the importance of these modifications in determining the metabolism of RNA and, subsequently, cell physiology. Among myriads of modifications, methylation at the N6-position of adenosine (m6A) is the most important and abundant internal modification in the messenger RNA. The m6A marks are installed by methyltransferase complex proteins (writers) in the majority of eukaryotes and dynamically reversed by demethylases such as FTO and ALKBH5 (erasers). The incorporated m6A marks on the RNA transcripts are recognized by m6A-binding proteins collectively called readers. Recent epigenetic studies have unequivocally highlighted the association of m6A demethylases with a range of biomedical aspects, including human diseases, cancers, and metabolic disorders. Moreover, the mechanisms of demethylation by m6A erasers represent a new frontier in the future basic research on RNA biology. In this review, we focused on recent advances describing various physiological, pathological, and viral regulatory roles of m6A erasers. Additionally, we aim to analyze structural insights into well-known m6A-demethylases in assessing their substrate binding-specificity, efficiency, and selectivity. Knowledge on cellular and viral RNA metabolism will shed light on m6A-specific recognition by demethylases and will provide foundations for the future development of efficacious therapeutic agents to various cancerous conditions and open new avenues for the development of antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Bayoumi
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom.,Virology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Munir
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
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15
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Sun M, Zhou Y, Zhuo X, Wang S, Jiang S, Peng Z, Kang K, Zheng X, Sun M. Design, Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Novel Indole Derivatives Containing Benzoic Acid Group as Potential AKR1C3 Inhibitors. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e2000519. [PMID: 33111427 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is a fatal, metastatic form of prostate cancer, characterized by reactivation of the androgen axis. Aldo-keto reductase 1C3 (AKR1C3) converts androstenedione (AD) and 5α-androstanedione to testosterone (T) and 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), respectively. In CRPC, AKR1C3 is upregulated and implicated in drug resistance and has been regarded as a potential therapeutic target. Here we examined a series of indole derivatives containing benzoic acid or phenylhydroxamic acid and found that 4-({3-[(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)sulfanyl]-1H-indol-1-yl}methyl)benzoic acid (3e) and N-hydroxy-4-({3-[(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)sulfanyl]-1H-indol-1-yl}methyl)benzamide (3q) inhibited 22Rv1 cell proliferation with IC50 values of 6.37 μM and 2.72 μM, respectively. In enzymatic assay, compounds 3e and 3q exhibited potent inhibitory effect against AKR1C3 (IC50 =0.26 and 2.39 μM, respectively). These results indicated that compounds 3e and 3q might be useful leads for further investigation of more potential AKR1C3 inhibitors used for CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjiao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, P. R. China.,Institute of Cancer, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310002, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, P. R. China
| | - Xuefang Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, P. R. China
| | - Shisheng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, P. R. China
| | - Zhihuan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, P. R. China
| | - Ke Kang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, P. R. China
| | - Xuehua Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, P. R. China
| | - Mingna Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, P. R. China
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16
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Dinić J, Efferth T, García-Sosa AT, Grahovac J, Padrón JM, Pajeva I, Rizzolio F, Saponara S, Spengler G, Tsakovska I. Repurposing old drugs to fight multidrug resistant cancers. Drug Resist Updat 2020; 52:100713. [PMID: 32615525 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2020.100713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Overcoming multidrug resistance represents a major challenge for cancer treatment. In the search for new chemotherapeutics to treat malignant diseases, drug repurposing gained a tremendous interest during the past years. Repositioning candidates have often emerged through several stages of clinical drug development, and may even be marketed, thus attracting the attention and interest of pharmaceutical companies as well as regulatory agencies. Typically, drug repositioning has been serendipitous, using undesired side effects of small molecule drugs to exploit new disease indications. As bioinformatics gain increasing popularity as an integral component of drug discovery, more rational approaches are needed. Herein, we show some practical examples of in silico approaches such as pharmacophore modelling, as well as pharmacophore- and docking-based virtual screening for a fast and cost-effective repurposing of small molecule drugs against multidrug resistant cancers. We provide a timely and comprehensive overview of compounds with considerable potential to be repositioned for cancer therapeutics. These drugs are from diverse chemotherapeutic classes. We emphasize the scope and limitations of anthelmintics, antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals, antimalarials, antihypertensives, psychopharmaceuticals and antidiabetics that have shown extensive immunomodulatory, antiproliferative, pro-apoptotic, and antimetastatic potential. These drugs, either used alone or in combination with existing anticancer chemotherapeutics, represent strong candidates to prevent or overcome drug resistance. We particularly focus on outcomes and future perspectives of drug repositioning for the treatment of multidrug resistant tumors and discuss current possibilities and limitations of preclinical and clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Dinić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Jelena Grahovac
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - José M Padrón
- BioLab, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González (IUBO AG), Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, E-38071 La Laguna, Spain.
| | - Ilza Pajeva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 105, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, 301724 Venezia-Mestre, Italy; Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Simona Saponara
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Gabriella Spengler
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Dóm tér 10, Hungary
| | - Ivanka Tsakovska
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 105, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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17
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Duff MR, Gabel SA, Pedersen LC, DeRose EF, Krahn JM, Howell EE, London RE. The Structural Basis for Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Inhibition of Human Dihydrofolate Reductase. J Med Chem 2020; 63:8314-8324. [PMID: 32658475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) target primarily cyclooxygenase enzymes, a subset of NSAIDs containing carboxylate groups also has been reported to competitively inhibit dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). In this study, we have characterized NSAID interactions with human DHFR based on kinetic, NMR, and X-ray crystallographic methods. The NSAIDs target a region of the folate binding site that interacts with the p-aminobenzoyl-l-glutamate (pABG) moiety of folate and inhibit cooperatively with ligands that target the adjacent pteridine-recognition subsite. NSAIDs containing benzoate or salicylate groups were identified as having the highest potency. Among those tested, diflunisal, a salicylate derivative not previously identified to have anti-folate activity, was found to have a Ki of 34 μM, well below peak plasma diflunisal levels reached at typical dosage levels. The potential of these drugs to interfere with the inflammatory process by multiple pathways introduces the possibility of further optimization to design dual-targeted analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Duff
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Scott A Gabel
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T. W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Lars C Pedersen
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T. W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Eugene F DeRose
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T. W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Juno M Krahn
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T. W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Elizabeth E Howell
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Robert E London
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T. W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States
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18
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Liu Y, He S, Chen Y, Liu Y, Feng F, Liu W, Guo Q, Zhao L, Sun H. Overview of AKR1C3: Inhibitor Achievements and Disease Insights. J Med Chem 2020; 63:11305-11329. [PMID: 32463235 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b02138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Human aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 (AKR1C3) is known as a hormone activity regulator and prostaglandin F (PGF) synthase that regulates the occupancy of hormone receptors and cell proliferation. Because of the overexpression in metabolic diseases and various hormone-dependent and -independent carcinomas, as well as the emergence of clinical drug resistance, an increasing number of studies have investigated AKR1C3 inhibitors. Here, we briefly review the physiological and pathological function of AKR1C3 and then summarize the recent development of selective AKR1C3 inhibitors. We propose our viewpoints on the current problems associated with AKR1C3 inhibitors with the aim of providing a reference for future drug discovery and potential therapeutic perspectives on novel, potent, selective AKR1C3 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Feng
- Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceuticals Science College, Institute of Food and Pharmaceuticals Research, Huaian 223005, People's Republic of China.,Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyuan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinglong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Haopeng Sun
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
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19
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Zhao J, Ning S, Lou W, Yang JC, Armstrong CM, Lombard AP, D'Abronzo LS, Evans CP, Gao AC, Liu C. Cross-Resistance Among Next-Generation Antiandrogen Drugs Through the AKR1C3/AR-V7 Axis in Advanced Prostate Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:1708-1718. [PMID: 32430485 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The next-generation antiandrogen drugs, XTANDI (enzalutamide), ZYTIGA (abiraterone acetate), ERLEADA (apalutamide) and NUBEQA (darolutamide) extend survival times and improve quality of life in patients with advanced prostate cancer. Despite these advances, resistance occurs frequently and there is currently no definitive cure for castration-resistant prostate cancer. Our previous studies identified that similar mechanisms of resistance to enzalutamide or abiraterone occur following treatment and cross-resistance exists between these therapies in advanced prostate cancer. Here, we show that enzalutamide- and abiraterone-resistant prostate cancer cells are further cross-resistant to apalutamide and darolutamide. Mechanistically, we have determined that the AKR1C3/AR-V7 axis confers this cross-resistance. Knockdown of AR-V7 in enzalutamide-resistant cells resensitize cells to apalutamide and darolutamide treatment. Furthermore, targeting AKR1C3 resensitizes resistant cells to apalutamide and darolutamide treatment through AR-V7 inhibition. Chronic apalutamide treatment in C4-2B cells activates the steroid hormone biosynthesis pathway and increases AKR1C3 expression, which confers resistance to enzalutamide, abiraterone, and darolutamide. In conclusion, our results suggest that apalutamide and darolutamide share similar resistant mechanisms with enzalutamide and abiraterone. The AKR1C3/AR-V7 complex confers cross-resistance to second-generation androgen receptor-targeted therapies in advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinge Zhao
- Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Shu Ning
- Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Wei Lou
- Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Joy C Yang
- Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Cameron M Armstrong
- Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Alan P Lombard
- Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Leandro S D'Abronzo
- Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Christopher P Evans
- Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California.,UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Allen C Gao
- Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California. .,UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California.,VA Northern California Health Care System, Sacramento, California
| | - Chengfei Liu
- Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California. .,UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
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20
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Zielinski K, Sekula B, Bujacz A, Szymczak I. Structural investigations of stereoselective profen binding by equine and leporine serum albumins. Chirality 2020; 32:334-344. [PMID: 31905261 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Serum albumin, the most abundant transport protein of mammalian blood, interacts with various nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) affecting their disposition, metabolism, and excretion. A big group of chiral NSAIDs transported by albumin, profens, is created by derivatives of 2-arylpropionic acid. The chiral center in the structures of profens is adjacent to the carboxylate moiety and often determines different pharmacological properties of profen enantiomers. This study describes crystal structures of two albumins, isolated from equine and leporine serum, in complexes with three profens: ibuprofen, ketoprofen, and suprofen. Based on three-dimensional structures, the stereoselectivity of albumin is discussed and referred to the previously published albumin complexes with drugs. Drug Site 2 (DS2) of albumin, the bulky hydrophobic pocket of subdomain IIIA with a patch of polar residues, preferentially binds (S)-enantiomers of all investigated profens. Almost identical binding mode of all these drugs clearly indicates the stereoselectivity of DS2 towards (S)-profens in different albumin species. Also, the affinity studies show that DS2 is the major site that presents high affinity towards investigated drugs. Additionally, crystallographic data reveal the secondary binding sites of ketoprofen in leporine serum albumin and ibuprofen in equine serum albumin, both overlapping with previously identified naproxen binding sites: the cleft formed between subdomains IIIA and IIIB close to the fatty acid binding site 5 and the niche created between subdomains IIA and IIIA, called fatty acid site 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Zielinski
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Bartosz Sekula
- Synchrotron Radiation Research Section of MCL, National Cancer Institute, Argonne, IL, USA.,Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Bujacz
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Izabela Szymczak
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
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21
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Malas TB, Leonhard WN, Bange H, Granchi Z, Hettne KM, Van Westen GJP, Price LS, 't Hoen PAC, Peters DJM. Prioritization of novel ADPKD drug candidates from disease-stage specific gene expression profiles. EBioMedicine 2019; 51:102585. [PMID: 31879244 PMCID: PMC7000333 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is one of the most common causes of end-stage renal failure, caused by mutations in PKD1 or PKD2 genes. Tolvaptan, the only drug approved for ADPKD treatment, results in serious side-effects, warranting the need for novel drugs. Methods In this study, we applied RNA-sequencing of Pkd1cko mice at different disease stages, and with/without drug treatment to identify genes involved in ADPKD progression that were further used to identify novel drug candidates for ADPKD. We followed an integrative computational approach using a combination of gene expression profiling, bioinformatics and cheminformatics data. Findings We identified 1162 genes that had a normalized expression after treating the mice with drugs proven effective in preclinical models. Intersecting these genes with target affinity profiles for clinically-approved drugs in ChEMBL, resulted in the identification of 116 drugs targeting 29 proteins, of which several are previously linked to Polycystic Kidney Disease such as Rosiglitazone. Further testing the efficacy of six candidate drugs for inhibition of cyst swelling using a human 3D-cyst assay, revealed that three of the six had cyst-growth reducing effects with limited toxicity. Interpretation Our data further establishes drug repurposing as a robust drug discovery method, with three promising drug candidates identified for ADPKD treatment (Meclofenamic Acid, Gamolenic Acid and Birinapant). Our strategy that combines multiple-omics data, can be extended for ADPKD and other diseases in the future. Funding European Union's Seventh Framework Program, Dutch Technology Foundation Stichting Technische Wetenschappen and the Dutch Kidney Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tareq B Malas
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter N Leonhard
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Zoraide Granchi
- GenomeScan B.V., Plesmanlaan 1/D, 2333 BZ Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Kristina M Hettne
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard J P Van Westen
- Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Peter A C 't Hoen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Center for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Dorien J M Peters
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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22
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Zeng C, Zhu D, You J, Dong X, Yang B, Zhu H, He Q. Liquiritin, as a Natural Inhibitor of AKR1C1, Could Interfere With the Progesterone Metabolism. Front Physiol 2019; 10:833. [PMID: 31333491 PMCID: PMC6616128 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Low progesterone level is always linked with pre-term birth. Therefore, maintaining of progesterone level is vital during pregnancy. Aldo-keto reductase family one member C1 (AKR1C1) catalyzes the reduction of progesterone to its inactive form of 20-alpha-hydroxy-progesterone and thus limits the biological effect of progesterone. In our effort to identify the natural compound that would specifically inhibit AKR1C1, liquiritin was found to be a selective and potent inhibitor of AKR1C1. Kinetic analyses in the S-(+)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthol (s-tetralol) catalyzed by AKR1C1 in the presence of the inhibitors suggest that liquiritin is a competitive inhibitor by targeting the residues Ala-27, Val-29, Ala-25, and Asn-56 of AKR1C1. In HEC-1-B cells, treatment with liquiritin results in 85.00% of reduction in progesterone metabolism, which is mediated by AKR1C1 enzymatic activity. Overall, our study not only identify liquiritin as an inhibitor against AKR1C1, but also reveal that liquiritin may be served as a potential intervention strategy for preventing pre-term birth caused by low progesterone level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenming Zeng
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Difeng Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun You
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowu Dong
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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23
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Lolli ML, Carnovale IM, Pippione AC, Wahlgren WY, Bonanni D, Marini E, Zonari D, Gallicchio M, Boscaro V, Goyal P, Friemann R, Rolando B, Bagnati R, Adinolfi S, Oliaro-Bosso S, Boschi D. Bioisosteres of Indomethacin as Inhibitors of Aldo-Keto Reductase 1C3. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:437-443. [PMID: 30996776 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldo-keto reductase 1C3 (AKR1C3) is an attractive target in drug design for its role in resistance to anticancer therapy. Several nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as indomethacin are known to inhibit AKR1C3 in a nonselective manner because of COX-off target effects. Here we designed two indomethacin analogues by proposing a bioisosteric connection between the indomethacin carboxylic acid function and either hydroxyfurazan or hydroxy triazole rings. Both compounds were found to target AKR1C3 in a selective manner. In particular, hydroxyfurazan derivative is highly selective for AKR1C3 over the 1C2 isoform (up to 90-times more) and inactive on COX enzymes. High-resolution crystal structure of its complex with AKR1C3 shed light onto the binding mode of the new inhibitors. In cell-based assays (on colorectal and prostate cancer cells), the two indomethacin analogues showed higher potency than indomethacin. Therefore, these two AKR1C3 inhibitors can be used to provide further insight into the role of AKR1C3 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco L. Lolli
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Turin, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Irene M. Carnovale
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Turin, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Agnese C. Pippione
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Turin, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Weixiao Y. Wahlgren
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Box 462, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Davide Bonanni
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Turin, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Marini
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Turin, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Daniele Zonari
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Turin, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Margherita Gallicchio
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Turin, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Boscaro
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Turin, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Parveen Goyal
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Box 462, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rosmarie Friemann
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Box 462, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Barbara Rolando
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Turin, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Renzo Bagnati
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri” IRCCS, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Adinolfi
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Turin, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Simonetta Oliaro-Bosso
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Turin, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Donatella Boschi
- Department of Science and Drug Technology, University of Turin, via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
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Lagarde N, Rey J, Gyulkhandanyan A, Tufféry P, Miteva MA, Villoutreix BO. Online structure-based screening of purchasable approved drugs and natural compounds: retrospective examples of drug repositioning on cancer targets. Oncotarget 2018; 9:32346-32361. [PMID: 30190791 PMCID: PMC6122352 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug discovery is a long and difficult process that benefits from the integration of virtual screening methods in experimental screening campaigns such as to generate testable hypotheses, accelerate and/or reduce the cost of drug development. Current drug attrition rate is still a major issue in all therapeutic areas and especially in the field of cancer. Drug repositioning as well as the screening of natural compounds constitute promising approaches to accelerate and improve the success rate of drug discovery. We developed three compounds libraries of purchasable compounds: Drugs-lib, FOOD-lib and NP-lib that contain approved drugs, food constituents and natural products, respectively, that are optimized for structure-based virtual screening studies. The three compounds libraries are implemented in the MTiOpenScreen web server that allows users to perform structure-based virtual screening computations on their selected protein targets. The server outputs a list of 1,500 molecules with predicted binding scores that can then be processed further by the users and purchased for experimental validation. To illustrate the potential of our service for drug repositioning endeavours, we selected five recently published drugs that have been repositioned in vitro and/or in vivo on cancer targets. For each drug, we used the MTiOpenScreen service to screen the Drugs-lib collection against the corresponding anti-cancer target and we show that our protocol is able to rank these drugs within the top ranked compounds. This web server should assist the discovery of promising molecules that could benefit patients, with faster development times, and reduced costs and risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Lagarde
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Molécules Thérapeutiques In Silico, INSERM UMR-S 973, Paris, France
- INSERM, U973, Paris, France
| | - Julien Rey
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Molécules Thérapeutiques In Silico, INSERM UMR-S 973, Paris, France
- INSERM, U973, Paris, France
| | - Aram Gyulkhandanyan
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Molécules Thérapeutiques In Silico, INSERM UMR-S 973, Paris, France
- INSERM, U973, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Tufféry
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Molécules Thérapeutiques In Silico, INSERM UMR-S 973, Paris, France
- INSERM, U973, Paris, France
| | - Maria A. Miteva
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Molécules Thérapeutiques In Silico, INSERM UMR-S 973, Paris, France
- INSERM, U973, Paris, France
| | - Bruno O. Villoutreix
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Molécules Thérapeutiques In Silico, INSERM UMR-S 973, Paris, France
- INSERM, U973, Paris, France
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25
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Plavša JJ, Řezáčová P, Kugler M, Pachl P, Brynda J, Voburka Z, Ćelić A, Petri ET, Škerlová J. In situ proteolysis of an N-terminal His tag with thrombin improves the diffraction quality of human aldo-keto reductase 1C3 crystals. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2018; 74:300-306. [PMID: 29717998 PMCID: PMC5931143 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x18005721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human aldo-keto reductase 1C3 (AKR1C3) stereospecifically reduces steroids and prostaglandins and is involved in the biotransformation of xenobiotics. Its role in various cancers makes it a potential therapeutic target for the development of inhibitors. Recombinant AKR1C3 with a thrombin-cleavable N-terminal His6 tag was expressed from a pET-28(+) vector for structural studies of enzyme-inhibitor complexes. A modified in situ proteolysis approach was applied to specifically remove the His tag by thrombin cleavage during crystallization screening trials. This improved the morphology and diffraction quality of the crystals and allowed the acquisition of high-resolution diffraction data and structure solution. This approach may be generally applicable to other proteins expressed using the pET-28(+) vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana J. Plavša
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Pavlína Řezáčová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Kugler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pachl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Brynda
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Voburka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anđelka Ćelić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Edward T. Petri
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jana Škerlová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
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26
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Huang J, Yin P. Structural Insights into N 6-methyladenosine (m 6A) Modification in the Transcriptome. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2018; 16:85-98. [PMID: 29709557 PMCID: PMC6112310 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
More than 100 types of chemical modifications in RNA have been well documented. Recently, several modifications, such as N6-methyladenosine (m6A), have been detected in mRNA, opening the window into the realm of epitranscriptomics. The m6A modification is the most abundant modification in mRNA and non-coding RNA (ncRNA). At the molecular level, m6A affects almost all aspects of mRNA metabolism, including splicing, translation, and stability, as well as microRNA (miRNA) maturation, playing essential roles in a range of cellular processes. The m6A modification is regulated by three classes of proteins generally referred to as the “writer” (adenosine methyltransferase), “eraser” (m6A demethylating enzyme), and “reader” (m6A-binding protein). The m6A modification is reversibly installed and removed by writers and erasers, respectively. Readers, which are members of the YT521-B homology (YTH) family proteins, selectively bind to RNA and affect its fate in an m6A-dependent manner. In this review, we summarize the structures of the functional proteins that modulate the m6A modification, and provide our insights into the m6A-mediated gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ping Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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27
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Sun SQ, Gu X, Gao XS, Li Y, Yu H, Xiong W, Yu H, Wang W, Li Y, Teng Y, Zhou D. Overexpression of AKR1C3 significantly enhances human prostate cancer cells resistance to radiation. Oncotarget 2018; 7:48050-48058. [PMID: 27385003 PMCID: PMC5216999 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldo-keto reductase 1C3(AKR1C3) is an enzyme involved in prostaglandins metabolism. Studies suggest that AKR1C3 has a pivotal role in the radioresistance of esophageal cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer, yet the role of AKR1C3 in prostate cancer cells radiation resistance has not yet been clarified. In our study, we established a stable overexpressing AKR1C3 cell line (AKR1C3-over) derived from the prostate cell line DU145 and its control cell line (Control). We conducted colony formation assay to determine the role of AKR1C3 in radioresistance and we used its chemical inhibitor to detect whether it can restored the sensitivity of the acquired tumor cells. Flow cytometry assay was carried out to detect IR-induced ROS accumulation. Elisa was adopted to dedect the concentration of PGF2α in the suspension of the cells after 6GY radiation. Western blotting was used to dedect the MAPK and PPAR γ. The results demonstrated that overexpression of AKR1C3 in prostate cancer can result in radioresistance and suppression of AKR1C3 via its chemical inhibitor indocin restored the sensitivity of the acquired tumor cells. According to the flow cytometry assay, ROS was decreased by 80% in DU145-over cells. Also overexpression of AKR1C3 could result in the accumulation of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), which can not only promote prostate cancer cell 's proliferation but also could enhance prostate cancer cells resistance to radiation and activated the MAPK pathway and inhibited the expression of PPARγ. In conclusion, we found that overexpression of AKR1C3 significantly enhanced human prostate cancer cells resistance to radiation through activation of MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Qian Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobin Gu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xian-Shu Gao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongliang Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Tangshan People's Hospital, Hebei, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingqi Teng
- Beijing Reciproca Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Demin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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28
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Sekine Y, Nakayama H, Miyazawa Y, Kato H, Furuya Y, Arai S, Koike H, Matsui H, Shibata Y, Ito K, Suzuki K. Simvastatin in combination with meclofenamic acid inhibits the proliferation and migration of human prostate cancer PC-3 cells via an AKR1C3 mechanism. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:3167-3172. [PMID: 29435052 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Statins have become of interest in research due to their anticancer effects. However, the exact mechanism of their anticancer properties remains unclear. The authors previously reported that statins decrease intracellular cholesterol levels in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells. In de novo androgen synthesis, cholesterol is the primary material and certain enzymes have important roles. The present study aimed to determine whether simvastatin alters the expression of androgen synthesis-associated enzymes in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells. A novel combination therapy of statins and other drugs that inhibit the overexpression of enzymes involved in androgen synthesis was explored. The cytotoxicity of simvastatin and meclofenamic acid was assessed in prostate cancer cells using MTS and migration assays. Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone concentrations in the culture medium were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RAC-α-serine/threonine-protein kinase (Akt) phosphorylation was detected by western blot analysis. Following treatment with simvastatin, aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 (AKR1C3) expression increased in PC-3 (>60-fold) and LNCaP-LA cells, however not in 22Rv1 cells. Small interfering (si)RNA was used to clarify the effects of AKR1C3 expression. The reduction in AKR1C3 expression in PC-3 cells following siRNA transfection was not associated with basal cell proliferation and migration; however, treatment with simvastatin decreased cell proliferation and migration. The combination of simvastatin and meclofenamic acid, an AKR1C3 inhibitor, further enhanced the inhibition of cell proliferation and migration compared with treatment with either drug alone. Furthermore, treatment with simvastatin attenuated insulin-like growth factor 1-induced Akt activation; however, the combination of simvastatin and meclofenamic acid further inhibited Akt activation. These results suggest that the combination of simvastatin and meclofenamic acid may be an effective strategy for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Sekine
- Department of Urology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakayama
- Department of Urology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Miyazawa
- Department of Urology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Haruo Kato
- Department of Urology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yosuke Furuya
- Department of Urology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Seiji Arai
- Department of Urology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Koike
- Department of Urology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsui
- Department of Urology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shibata
- Department of Urology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kazuto Ito
- Department of Urology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Suzuki
- Department of Urology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
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Wu Z, Cheng F, Li J, Li W, Liu G, Tang Y. SDTNBI: an integrated network and chemoinformatics tool for systematic prediction of drug-target interactions and drug repositioning. Brief Bioinform 2017; 18:333-347. [PMID: 26944082 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbw012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Computational prediction of drug-target interactions (DTIs) and drug repositioning provides a low-cost and high-efficiency approach for drug discovery and development. The traditional social network-derived methods based on the naïve DTI topology information cannot predict potential targets for new chemical entities or failed drugs in clinical trials. There are currently millions of commercially available molecules with biologically relevant representations in chemical databases. It is urgent to develop novel computational approaches to predict targets for new chemical entities and failed drugs on a large scale. In this study, we developed a useful tool, namely substructure-drug-target network-based inference (SDTNBI), to prioritize potential targets for old drugs, failed drugs and new chemical entities. SDTNBI incorporates network and chemoinformatics to bridge the gap between new chemical entities and known DTI network. High performance was yielded in 10-fold and leave-one-out cross validations using four benchmark data sets, covering G protein-coupled receptors, kinases, ion channels and nuclear receptors. Furthermore, the highest areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve were 0.797 and 0.863 for two external validation sets, respectively. Finally, we identified thousands of new potential DTIs via implementing SDTNBI on a global network. As a proof-of-principle, we showcased the use of SDTNBI to identify novel anticancer indications for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs by inhibiting AKR1C3, CA9 or CA12. In summary, SDTNBI is a powerful network-based approach that predicts potential targets for new chemical entities on a large scale and will provide a new tool for DTI prediction and drug repositioning. The program and predicted DTIs are available on request.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengrui Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Feixiong Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihua Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Guixia Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, China
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30
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Endo S, Takada S, Honda RP, Müller K, Weishaupt JH, Andersen PM, Ludolph AC, Kamatari YO, Matsunaga T, Kuwata K, El-Kabbani O, Ikari A. Instability of C154Y variant of aldo-keto reductase 1C3. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 276:194-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Hydroxytriazole derivatives as potent and selective aldo-keto reductase 1C3 (AKR1C3) inhibitors discovered by bioisosteric scaffold hopping approach. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 139:936-946. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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3D-QSAR studies of 3-(3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-ylsulfonyl)benzoic acids as AKR1C3 inhibitors: Highlight the importance of molecular docking in conformation generation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:5631-5638. [PMID: 27847272 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.10.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AKR1C3 is a promising drug target for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Here, 3D-QSAR analysis were performed on 3-(3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-ylsulfonyl)benzoic acids to correlate their chemical structures with their observed AKR1C3 inhibitory activity. Three structural alignment methods employing various conformers were used to scrutinize the effect of conformation selection on the predictive accuracy of QSAR models. Using docked conformation, the best CoMFA and CoMSIA models were developed and validated with a training set of 61 molecules and a test set of 7 molecules. Detailed analysis of contour maps provided helpful structural insights to rational design of AKR1C3 inhibitors with enhanced potency.
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Aldo-keto reductase 1C1 induced by interleukin-1β mediates the invasive potential and drug resistance of metastatic bladder cancer cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34625. [PMID: 27698389 PMCID: PMC5048132 DOI: 10.1038/srep34625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In treating bladder cancer, determining the molecular mechanisms of tumor invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance are urgent to improving long-term patient survival. One of the metabolic enzymes, aldo-keto reductase 1C1 (AKR1C1), plays an essential role in cancer invasion/metastasis and chemoresistance. In orthotopic xenograft models of a human bladder cancer cell line, UM-UC-3, metastatic sublines were established from tumors in the liver, lung, and bone. These cells possessed elevated levels of EMT-associated markers, such as Snail, Slug, or CD44, and exhibited enhanced invasion. By microarray analysis, AKR1C1 was found to be up-regulated in metastatic lesions, which was verified in metastatic human bladder cancer specimens. Decreased invasion caused by AKR1C1 knockdown suggests a novel role of AKR1C1 in cancer invasion, which is probably due to the regulation of Rac1, Src, or Akt. An inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-1β, was found to increase AKR1C1 in bladder cancer cell lines. One particular non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, flufenamic acid, antagonized AKR1C1 and decreased the cisplatin-resistance and invasion potential of metastatic sublines. These data uncover the crucial role of AKR1C1 in regulating both metastasis and drug resistance; as a result, AKR1C1 should be a potent molecular target in invasive bladder cancer treatment.
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Adeniji A, Uddin MJ, Zang T, Tamae D, Wangtrakuldee P, Marnett LJ, Penning TM. Discovery of (R)-2-(6-Methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)butanoic Acid as a Potent and Selective Aldo-keto Reductase 1C3 Inhibitor. J Med Chem 2016; 59:7431-44. [PMID: 27486833 PMCID: PMC5149398 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Type 5 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, aldo-keto reductase 1C3 (AKR1C3) converts Δ(4)-androstene-3,17-dione and 5α-androstane-3,17-dione to testosterone (T) and 5α-dihydrotestosterone, respectively, in castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). In CRPC, AKR1C3 is implicated in drug resistance, and enzalutamide drug resistance can be surmounted by indomethacin a potent inhibitor of AKR1C3. We examined a series of naproxen analogues and find that (R)-2-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)butanoic acid (in which the methyl group of R-naproxen was replaced by an ethyl group) acts as a potent AKR1C3 inhibitor that displays selectivity for AKR1C3 over other AKR1C enzymes. This compound was devoid of inhibitory activity on COX isozymes and blocked AKR1C3 mediated production of T and induction of PSA in LNCaP-AKR1C3 cells as a model of a CRPC cell line. R-Profens are substrate selective COX-2 inhibitors and block the oxygenation of endocannabinoids and in the context of advanced prostate cancer R-profens could inhibit intratumoral androgen synthesis and act as analgesics for metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adegoke Adeniji
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics and the Center for Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 1315 BRBII/III, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6160, United States
| | - Md. Jashim Uddin
- Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
| | - Tianzhu Zang
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics and the Center for Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 1315 BRBII/III, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6160, United States
| | - Daniel Tamae
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics and the Center for Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 1315 BRBII/III, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6160, United States
| | - Phumvadee Wangtrakuldee
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics and the Center for Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 1315 BRBII/III, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6160, United States
| | - Lawrence J. Marnett
- Departments of Biochemistry, Chemistry, and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
| | - Trevor M. Penning
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics and the Center for Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 1315 BRBII/III, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6160, United States
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Manenda MS, Hamel CJ, Masselot-Joubert L, Picard MÈ, Shi R. Androgen-metabolizing enzymes: A structural perspective. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 161:54-72. [PMID: 26924584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Androgen-metabolizing enzymes convert cholesterol, a relatively inert molecule, into some of the most potent chemical messengers in vertebrates. This conversion involves thermodynamically challenging reactions catalyzed by P450 enzymes and redox reactions catalyzed by Aldo-Keto Reductases (AKRs). This review covers the structures of these enzymes with a focus on active site interactions and proposed mechanisms. Due to their role in a number of diseases, particularly in cancer, androgen-metabolizing enzymes have been targets of drug design. Hence we will also highlight how existing knowledge of structure is being used to this end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahder Seifu Manenda
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-informatique, PROTEO, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Charles Jérémie Hamel
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-informatique, PROTEO, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Loreleï Masselot-Joubert
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-informatique, PROTEO, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Picard
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-informatique, PROTEO, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Rong Shi
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-informatique, PROTEO, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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36
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Li C, Zhao Y, Zheng X, Zhang H, Zhang L, Chen Y, Li Q, Hu X. In vitro CAPE inhibitory activity towards human AKR1C3 and the molecular basis. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 253:60-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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37
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Zhao Y, Zheng X, Zhang H, Zhai J, Zhang L, Li C, Zeng K, Chen Y, Li Q, Hu X. In vitro inhibition of AKR1Cs by sulphonylureas and the structural basis. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 240:310-5. [PMID: 26362498 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent epidemiological studies show conflicting data for the first-line anti-diabetic sulphonylureas drugs in treating cancer progression in type II diabetes patients. How sulphonylureas promote or diminish tumor growth is not fully understood. Here, we report that seven sulphonylureas exhibit different in vitro inhibition towards AKR1Cs (AKR1C1, AKR1C2, AKR1C3), which are critical steroid hormone metabolism enzymes that are related to prostate cancer, breast cancer and endometrial diseases. Interactions of the sulphonylureas and AKR1Cs were analyzed by X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Centre for Cellular and Structural Biology of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xuehua Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Centre for Cellular and Structural Biology of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Centre for Cellular and Structural Biology of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jing Zhai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Centre for Cellular and Structural Biology of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Centre for Cellular and Structural Biology of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Cuiyun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Centre for Cellular and Structural Biology of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Kaixin Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Centre for Cellular and Structural Biology of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yunyun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Centre for Cellular and Structural Biology of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qing Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Centre for Cellular and Structural Biology of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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38
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Amano Y, Yamaguchi T, Niimi T, Sakashita H. Structures of complexes of type 5 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase with structurally diverse inhibitors: insights into the conformational changes upon inhibitor binding. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 71:918-27. [PMID: 25849402 DOI: 10.1107/s1399004715002175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Type 5 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD5) is an aldo-keto reductase expressed in the human prostate which catalyzes the conversion of androstenedione to testosterone. Testosterone is converted to 5α-dihydrotestosterone, which is present at high concentrations in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Inhibition of 17β-HSD5 is therefore considered to be a promising therapy for treating CRPC. In the present study, crystal structures of complexes of 17β-HSD5 with structurally diverse inhibitors derived from high-throughput screening were determined. In the structures of the complexes, various functional groups, including amide, nitro, pyrazole and hydroxyl groups, form hydrogen bonds to the catalytic residues His117 and Tyr55. In addition, major conformational changes of 17β-HSD5 were observed following the binding of the structurally diverse inhibitors. These results demonstrate interactions between 17β-HSD5 and inhibitors at the atomic level and enable structure-based drug design for anti-CRPC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Amano
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Yamaguchi
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Niimi
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakashita
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
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39
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Liu C, Lou W, Zhu Y, Yang JC, Nadiminty N, Gaikwad NW, Evans CP, Gao AC. Intracrine Androgens and AKR1C3 Activation Confer Resistance to Enzalutamide in Prostate Cancer. Cancer Res 2015; 75:1413-22. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-3080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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40
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Di Pietro ME, Aroulanda C, Celebre G, Merlet D, De Luca G. The conformational behaviour of naproxen and flurbiprofen in solution by NMR spectroscopy. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj01753j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The conformational equilibrium of common anti-inflammatory drugs has been studied experimentally in solution by NMR in weakly ordered PBLG phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Enrica Di Pietro
- Lab. LXNMR_S.C.An
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche
- Università della Calabria
- Arcavacata di Rende (CS)
- Italy
| | - Christie Aroulanda
- Equipe de RMN en milieu orienté
- ICMMO
- UMR 8182 CNRS
- Université Paris-Sud
- Orsay
| | - Giorgio Celebre
- Lab. LXNMR_S.C.An
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche
- Università della Calabria
- Arcavacata di Rende (CS)
- Italy
| | - Denis Merlet
- Equipe de RMN en milieu orienté
- ICMMO
- UMR 8182 CNRS
- Université Paris-Sud
- Orsay
| | - Giuseppina De Luca
- Lab. LXNMR_S.C.An
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche
- Università della Calabria
- Arcavacata di Rende (CS)
- Italy
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41
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Cousido-Siah A, Ruiz FX, Crespo I, Porté S, Mitschler A, Parés X, Podjarny A, Farrés J. Structural analysis of sulindac as an inhibitor of aldose reductase and AKR1B10. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 234:290-6. [PMID: 25532697 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aldose reductase (AR, AKR1B1) and AKR1B10 are enzymes implicated in important pathologies (diabetes and cancer) and therefore they have been proposed as suitable targets for drug development. Sulindac is the metabolic precursor of the potent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) sulindac sulfide, which suppresses prostaglandin production by inhibition of cyclooxygenases (COX). In addition, sulindac has been found to be one of the NSAIDs with higher antitumoral activity, presumably through COX inhibition. However, sulindac anticancer activity could be partially mediated through COX-independent mechanisms, including the participation of AR and AKR1B10. Previously, it had been shown that sulindac and sulindac sulfone were good AR inhibitors and the structure of the ternary complex with NADP(+) and sulindac was described (PDB ID 3U2C). In this work, we determined the three-dimensional structure of AKR1B10 with sulindac and established structure-activity relationships (SAR) of sulindac and their derivatives with AR and AKR1B10. The difference in the IC50 values for sulindac between AR (0.36 μM) and AKR1B10 (2.7 μM) might be explained by the different positioning and stacking interaction given by Phe122/Phe123, and by the presence of two buried and ordered water molecules in AKR1B10 but not in AR. Moreover, SAR analysis shows that the substitution of the sulfinyl group is structurally allowed in sulindac derivatives. Hence, sulindac and its derivatives emerge as lead compounds for the design of more potent and selective AR and AKR1B10 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Cousido-Siah
- Department of Integrative Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire - Centre de Biologie Intégrative, CNRS, INSERM, UdS, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Francesc X Ruiz
- Department of Integrative Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire - Centre de Biologie Intégrative, CNRS, INSERM, UdS, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Isidro Crespo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Faculty of Biosciences, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Sergio Porté
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Faculty of Biosciences, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - André Mitschler
- Department of Integrative Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire - Centre de Biologie Intégrative, CNRS, INSERM, UdS, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Xavier Parés
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Faculty of Biosciences, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Alberto Podjarny
- Department of Integrative Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire - Centre de Biologie Intégrative, CNRS, INSERM, UdS, 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Jaume Farrés
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Faculty of Biosciences, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain.
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Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of death in adult males in the USA. Recent advances have revealed that the fatal form of this cancer, known as castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), remains hormonally driven despite castrate levels of circulating androgens. CRPC arises as the tumor undergoes adaptation to low levels of androgens by either synthesizing its own androgens (intratumoral androgens) or altering the androgen receptor (AR). This article reviews the major routes to testosterone and dihydrotestosterone synthesis in CRPC cells and examines the enzyme targets and progress in the development of isoform-specific inhibitors that could block intratumoral androgen biosynthesis. Because redundancy exists in these pathways, it is likely that inhibition of a single pathway will lead to upregulation of another so that drug resistance would be anticipated. Drugs that target multiple pathways or bifunctional agents that block intratumoral androgen biosynthesis and antagonize the AR offer the most promise. Optimal use of enzyme inhibitors or AR antagonists to ensure maximal benefits to CRPC patients will also require application of precision molecular medicine to determine whether a tumor in a particular patient will be responsive to these treatments either alone or in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor M Penning
- Perelman School of MedicineCenter of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6084, USA
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43
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Pingaew R, Mandi P, Nantasenamat C, Prachayasittikul S, Ruchirawat S, Prachayasittikul V. Design, synthesis and molecular docking studies of novel N-benzenesulfonyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-based triazoles with potential anticancer activity. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 81:192-203. [PMID: 24836071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel series of N-benzenesulfonyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines (14-33) containing triazole moiety were designed and synthesized through rational cycloadditions using the modified Pictet-Spengler reaction and the Click chemistry. Antiproliferative activity against four cancer cell lines (e.g., HuCCA-1, HepG2, A549 and MOLT-3) revealed that many substituted triazole analogs of benzoates (20, 29) and benzaldehydes (30, 32) exhibited anticancer activity against all of the tested cancer cell lines in which the ester analog 20 was shown to be the most potent compound against HuCCA-1 (IC50 = 0.63 μM) and A549 (IC50 = 0.57 μM) cell lines. Triazoles bearing phenyl (15, 24), tolyl (26, 27), acetophenone (19), benzoate (20, 29), benzaldehyde (21, 30) and naphthalenyl (25) substituents showed stronger anticancer activity against HepG2 cells than that of the etoposide. Interestingly, the p-tolyl analog (27) displayed the most potent inhibitory activity (IC50 = 0.56 μM) against HepG2 cells without affecting normal cells. Of the investigated tetrahydroisoquinoline-triazoles, the promising compounds 20 and 27 were selected for molecular docking against AKR1C3, which was identified to be a plausible target site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratchanok Pingaew
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand.
| | - Prasit Mandi
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Chanin Nantasenamat
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand; Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Supaluk Prachayasittikul
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Somsak Ruchirawat
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; Program in Chemical Biology, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, Commission on Higher, Education (CHE), Ministry of Education, Thailand
| | - Virapong Prachayasittikul
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
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44
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Yin Z, Wang Y, Whittell L, Jergic S, Liu M, Harry E, Dixon N, Kelso M, Beck J, Oakley A. DNA Replication Is the Target for the Antibacterial Effects of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 21:481-487. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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45
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Flanagan JU, Atwell GJ, Heinrich DM, Brooke DG, Silva S, Rigoreau LJM, Trivier E, Turnbull AP, Raynham T, Jamieson SMF, Denny WA. Morpholylureas are a new class of potent and selective inhibitors of the type 5 17-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (AKR1C3). Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:967-77. [PMID: 24411201 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of the aldo-keto reductase enzyme AKR1C3 are of interest as potential drugs for leukemia and hormone-related cancers. A series of non-carboxylate morpholino(phenylpiperazin-1-yl)methanones were prepared by palladium-catalysed coupling of substituted phenyl or pyridyl bromides with the known morpholino(piperazin-1-yl)methanone, and shown to be potent (IC50∼100nM) and very isoform-selective inhibitors of AKR1C3. Lipophilic electron-withdrawing substituents on the phenyl ring were positive for activity, as was an H-bond acceptor on the other terminal ring, and the ketone moiety (as a urea) was essential. These structure-activity relationships are consistent with an X-ray structure of a representative compound bound in the AKR1C3 active site, which showed H-bonding between the carbonyl oxygen of the drug and Tyr55 and His117 in the 'oxyanion hole' of the enzyme, with the piperazine bridging unit providing the correct twist to allow the terminal benzene ring to occupy the lipophilic pocket and align with Phe311.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack U Flanagan
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Graham J Atwell
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Daniel M Heinrich
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Darby G Brooke
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Shevan Silva
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Laurent J M Rigoreau
- Cancer Research Technology Ltd, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, The Cruciform Building, Gower St., London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Elisabeth Trivier
- Cancer Research Technology Ltd, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, The Cruciform Building, Gower St., London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Andrew P Turnbull
- Cancer Research Technology Ltd, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, The Cruciform Building, Gower St., London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Tony Raynham
- Cancer Research Technology Ltd, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, The Cruciform Building, Gower St., London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Stephen M F Jamieson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - William A Denny
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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Adeniji AO, Chen M, Penning TM. AKR1C3 as a target in castrate resistant prostate cancer. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 137:136-49. [PMID: 23748150 PMCID: PMC3805777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Revised: 05/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant androgen receptor (AR) activation is the major driver of castrate resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). CRPC is ultimately fatal and more therapeutic agents are needed to treat this disease. Compounds that target the androgen axis by inhibiting androgen biosynthesis and or AR signaling are potential candidates for use in CRPC treatment and are currently being pursued aggressively. Aldo-keto reductase 1C3 (AKR1C3) plays a pivotal role in androgen biosynthesis within the prostate. It catalyzes the 17-ketoreduction of weak androgen precursors to give testosterone and 5α-dihydrotestosterone. AKR1C3 expression and activity has been implicated in the development of CRPC, making it a rational target. Selective inhibition of AKR1C3 will be important, however, due to the presence of closely related isoforms, AKR1C1 and AKR1C2 that are also involved in androgen inactivation. We examine the evidence that supports the vital role of AKR1C3 in CRPC and recent developments in the discovery of potent and selective AKR1C3 inhibitors. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'CSR 2013'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adegoke O. Adeniji
- Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6061
| | - Mo Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6061
| | - Trevor M. Penning
- Department of Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6061
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6061
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Lacroix Pépin N, Chapdelaine P, Fortier MA. Evaluation of the prostaglandin F synthase activity of human and bovine aldo-keto reductases: AKR1A1s complement AKR1B1s as potent PGF synthases. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2013; 106:124-32. [PMID: 23747692 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
AKR1B1 of the polyol pathway was identified as a prostaglandin F2α synthase (PGFS). Using a genomic approach we have identified in the endometrium five bovine and three human AKRs with putative PGFS activity and generated the corresponding recombinant enzymes. The PGFS activity of the recombinant proteins was evaluated using a novel assay based on in situ generation of the precursor of PG biosynthesis PGH2. PGF2α was measured by ELISA and the relative potencies of the different enzymes were compared. We identified AKR1A1 and confirmed AKR1B1 as the most potent PGFS expressing characteristic inhibition patterns in presence of methylglyoxal, ponalrestat and glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Lacroix Pépin
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (CHUL), Département d'Obstétrique et Gynécologie, Axe de reproduction, santé de la mère et de l'enfant, Université Laval, Ste-Foy, Québec, Canada GIV 4G2
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48
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Liedtke AJ, Adeniji A, Chen M, Byrns MC, Jin Y, Christianson DW, Marnett LJ, Penning TM. Development of potent and selective indomethacin analogues for the inhibition of AKR1C3 (Type 5 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/prostaglandin F synthase) in castrate-resistant prostate cancer. J Med Chem 2013; 56:2429-46. [PMID: 23432095 PMCID: PMC3638264 DOI: 10.1021/jm3017656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is a fatal, metastatic form of prostate cancer. CRPC is characterized by reactivation of the androgen axis due to changes in androgen receptor signaling and/or adaptive intratumoral androgen biosynthesis. AKR1C3 is upregulated in CRPC where it catalyzes the formation of potent androgens. This makes AKR1C3 a target for the treatment of CRPC. AKR1C3 inhibitors should not inhibit AKR1C1/AKR1C2, which inactivate 5α-dihydrotestosterone. Indomethacin, used to inhibit cyclooxygenase, also inhibits AKR1C3 and displays selectivity over AKR1C1/AKR1C2. Parallel synthetic strategies were used to generate libraries of indomethacin analogues, which exhibit reduced cyclooxygenase inhibitory activity but retain AKR1C3 inhibitory potency and selectivity. The lead compounds inhibited AKR1C3 with nanomolar potency, displayed >100-fold selectivity over AKR1C1/AKR1C2, and blocked testosterone formation in LNCaP-AKR1C3 cells. The AKR1C3·NADP(+)·2'-des-methyl-indomethacin crystal structure was determined, and it revealed a unique inhibitor binding mode. The compounds reported are promising agents for the development of therapeutics for CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy J. Liedtke
- Departments of Biochemistry,
Chemistry, and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology,
Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville,
Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
| | - Adegoke
O. Adeniji
- Department of Pharmacology and
Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School
of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 1315 BRB II/III, 420 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
19104-6061, United States
| | - Mo Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and
Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School
of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 1315 BRB II/III, 420 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
19104-6061, United States
| | - Michael C. Byrns
- Department of Pharmacology and
Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School
of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 1315 BRB II/III, 420 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
19104-6061, United States
| | - Yi Jin
- Department of Pharmacology and
Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School
of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 1315 BRB II/III, 420 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
19104-6061, United States
| | - David W. Christianson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Lawrence J. Marnett
- Departments of Biochemistry,
Chemistry, and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology,
Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville,
Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
| | - Trevor M. Penning
- Department of Pharmacology and
Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School
of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 1315 BRB II/III, 420 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
19104-6061, United States
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Heinrich DM, Flanagan JU, Jamieson SMF, Silva S, Rigoreau LJM, Trivier E, Raynham T, Turnbull AP, Denny WA. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships for 1-(4-(piperidin-1-ylsulfonyl)phenyl)pyrrolidin-2-ones as novel non-carboxylate inhibitors of the aldo-keto reductase enzyme AKR1C3. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 62:738-44. [PMID: 23454516 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High expression of the aldo-keto reductase enzyme AKR1C3 in the human prostate and breast has implicated it in the development and progression of leukemias and of prostate and breast cancers. Inhibitors are thus of interest as potential drugs. Most inhibitors of AKR1C3 are carboxylic acids, whose transport into cells is likely dominated by carrier-mediated processes. We describe here a series of (piperidinosulfonamidophenyl)pyrrolidin-2-ones as potent (<100 nM) and isoform-selective non-carboxylate inhibitors of AKR1C3. Structure-activity relationships identified the sulfonamide was critical, and a crystal structure showed the 2-pyrrolidinone does not interact directly with residues in the oxyanion hole. Variations in the position, co-planarity or electronic nature of the pyrrolidinone ring severely diminished activity, as did altering the size or polarity of the piperidino ring. There was a broad correlation between the enzyme potencies of the compounds and their effectiveness at inhibiting AKR1C3 activity in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Heinrich
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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