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Mandava A, Pham B, Pedler M, Shieh B, Gopalakrishnan H, Petrash JM. High incidence of sebaceous gland inflammation in aldose reductase-deficient mice. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 392:110905. [PMID: 38373627 PMCID: PMC10960685 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.110905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Aldose reductase is a member of the 1B1 subfamily of aldo-keto reductase gene superfamily. The action of aldose reductase (AR) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of disease states, most notably complications of diabetes mellitus including neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, and cataracts. To explore for mechanistic roles for AR in disease pathogenesis, we established mutant strains produced using Crispr-Cas9 to inactivate the AKR1B3 gene in C57BL6 mice. Phenotyping AR-knock out (ARKO) strains confirmed previous reports of reduced accumulation of tissue sorbitol levels. Lens epithelial cells in ARKO mice showed markedly reduced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition following lens extraction in a surgical model of cataract and posterior capsule opacification. A previously unreported phenotype of preputial sebaceous gland swelling was observed frequently in male ARKO mice homozygous for the mutant AKR1B3 allele. This condition, which was shown to be accompanied by infiltration of proinflammatory CD3+ lymphocytes, was not observed in WT mice or mice heterozygous for the mutant allele. Despite this condition, reproductive fitness of the ARKO strain was indistinguishable from WT mice housed under identical conditions. These studies establish the utility of a new strain of AKR1B3-null mice created to support mechanistic studies of cataract and diabetic eye disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Mandava
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Binhan Pham
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Michelle Pedler
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Biehuoy Shieh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Hari Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - J Mark Petrash
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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Güleç Ö, Türkeş C, Arslan M, Demir Y, Dincer B, Ece A, İrfan Küfrevioğlu Ö, Beydemir Ş. Novel spiroindoline derivatives targeting aldose reductase against diabetic complications: Bioactivity, cytotoxicity, and molecular modeling studies. Bioorg Chem 2024; 145:107221. [PMID: 38387398 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Despite significant developments in therapeutic strategies, Diabetes Mellitus remains an increasing concern, leading to various complications, e.g., cataracts, neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, and several cardiovascular diseases. The polyol pathway, which involves Aldose reductase (AR) as a critical enzyme, has been focused on by many researchers as a target for intervention. On the other hand, spiroindoline-based compounds possess remarkable biological properties. This guided us to synthesize novel spiroindoline oxadiazolyl-based acetate derivatives and investigate their biological activities. The synthesized molecules' structures were confirmed herein, using IR, NMR (1H and 13C), and Mass spectroscopy. All compounds were potent inhibitors with KI constants spanning from 0.186 ± 0.020 μM to 0.662 ± 0.042 μM versus AR and appeared as better inhibitors than the clinically used drug, Epalrestat (EPR, KI: 0.841 ± 0.051 μM). Besides its remarkable inhibitory profile compared to EPR, compound 6k (KI: 0.186 ± 0.020 μM) was also determined to have an unusual pharmacokinetic profile. The results showed that 6k had less cytotoxic effect on normal mouse fibroblast (L929) cells (IC50 of 569.58 ± 0.80 μM) and reduced the viability of human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cells (IC50 of 110.87 ± 0.42 μM) more than the reference drug Doxorubicin (IC50s of 98.26 ± 0.45 μM and 158.49 ± 2.73 μM, respectively), thus exhibiting more potent anticancer activity. Moreover, molecular dynamic simulations for 200 ns were conducted to predict the docked complex's stability and reveal significant amino acid residues that 6k interacts with throughout the simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özcan Güleç
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Sakarya University, 54187 Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Cüneyt Türkeş
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, 24002 Erzincan, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Arslan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Sakarya University, 54187 Sakarya, Turkey.
| | - Yeliz Demir
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Nihat Delibalta Göle Vocational High School, Ardahan University, 75700 Ardahan, Turkey
| | - Busra Dincer
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55020 Samsun, Turkey
| | - Abdulilah Ece
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Biruni University, 34010 İstanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Şükrü Beydemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey; Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, 11230 Bilecik, Turkey
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Henry A, Boigelot T, Moura TFDE, Leclercq I, Barbe C, Thiery A, Djerada Z, Nazeyrollas P, Clavel C, Cornillet-Lefebvre P, Berrod JP, Creuzot-Garcher C, Meyer L, Gaucher D, Guerci B, Lenoble P, Milazzo S, Perone JM, Arndt C, Durlach V. No association of endothelial lipase and aldose reductase polymorphisms with proliferative diabetic retinopathy: Results of the French prospective multicenter REDIAGEN study. Diabetes Metab 2024; 50:101533. [PMID: 38570135 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2024.101533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Henry
- Department of Ophthalmology, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France; RétiNantes, Institut Ophtalmologique de l'Ouest, Clinique Jules Verne, Nantes, France
| | - Tiffany Boigelot
- Department of Ophthalmology, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France
| | | | - Isabelle Leclercq
- Department of Ophthalmology, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France
| | - Coralie Barbe
- Department of Methodology, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France
| | - Aurore Thiery
- Department of Methodology, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France
| | - Zoubir Djerada
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Reims University Hospital, Reims 51092, France
| | | | - Christine Clavel
- Biopathology Department, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France
| | | | - Jean-Paul Berrod
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | | | - Laurent Meyer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Colmar Hospital, Colmar, France
| | - David Gaucher
- Department of Ophthalmology, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Bruno Guerci
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Nutrition, Brabois Adult Hospital, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Patrick Lenoble
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mulhouse Sud Alsace Regional Hospital Group, Mulhouse, France
| | - Solange Milazzo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
| | - Jean-Marc Perone
- Department of Ophthalmology, Metz-Thionville Regional Hospital Center, Metz, France
| | - Carl Arndt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France
| | - Vincent Durlach
- CNRS UMR 7369, « Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire » (MEDyC), Reims University, Reims, France.
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Yang L, Xu L, Hao X, Song Z, Zhang X, Liu P, Wang S, He Z, Zou L. An aldose reductase inhibitor, WJ-39, ameliorates renal tubular injury in diabetic nephropathy by activating PINK1/Parkin signaling. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 967:176376. [PMID: 38336014 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Renal tubular injury is a critical factor during the early stages of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Proximal tubular epithelial cells, which contain abundant mitochondria essential for intracellular homeostasis, are susceptible to disruptions in the intracellular environment, making them especially vulnerable to diabetic state disorders, which may be attributed to their elevated energy requirements and reliance on aerobic metabolism. It is widely thought that overactivation of the polyol pathway is implicated in DN pathogenesis, and inhibition of aldose reductase (AR), the rate-limiting enzyme in this pathway, represents a promising therapeutic avenue. WJ-39, a novel aldose reductase inhibitor, was investigated in this study for its protective effects on renal tubules in DN and the underlying mechanisms. Our findings revealed that WJ-39 significantly ameliorated the renal tubular morphology in high-fat diet (HFD)/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DN rats, concurrently inhibiting fibrosis. Notably, WJ-39 safeguarded the structure and function of renal tubular mitochondria by enhancing mitochondrial dynamics. This involved the regulation of mitochondrial fission and fusion proteins and the promotion of PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin-mediated mitophagy. Furthermore, WJ-39 demonstrated the inhibition of endogenous apoptosis by mitigating the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). The protective effects of WJ-39 on mitochondria and apoptosis were countered in high glucose-treated HK-2 cells upon transfection with PINK1 siRNA. Overall, our findings suggest that WJ-39 protects the structural and functional integrity of renal tubules in DN, which may be attributed to its capacity to inhibit aldose reductase activity, activate the PINK1/Parkin signaling pathway, promote mitophagy, and alleviate apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luxi Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Liangting Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Xin Hao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Zhixiao Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Shaojie Wang
- Department of Pharmacochemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang Liaoning, 110016, China.
| | - Zhonggui He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China.
| | - Libo Zou
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China.
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Karakousi CV, Xanthippi B, Theano S, Eugene K. Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant and ALR2 inhibitory activity of Sorbus torminalis (L.) fruits at different maturity stages. Fitoterapia 2024; 175:105863. [PMID: 38373500 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.105863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Thirty four compounds were identified in Sorbus torminalis (L.) fruit extracts of different maturity types by means of LC-DAD-MS (ESI+) fragmentation analysis. Both immature and mature fruits were rich in flavonoid glycosides esterified with hydroxycinnamic, phenolic and dicarboxylic acids along with benzoic, phenylpropanoic and cinnamoyl quinic acid derivatives with many of them being detected for the first time in Sorbus species and in literature. Extracts and fractions were tested for their antioxidant activity (DPPH, chemiluminescence, Rancimat assays) and the estimation of the phenolic content was carried out through Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the highest scavenging activity determined as EC50 = 1.58 ± 0.22 μg/mL and EC50 = 1.64 ± 0.24 μg/mL for immature and mature fruits respectively with the DPPH test. Chemiluminescence test indicated the same fraction having the strongest antioxidant activity with an IC50 0.41 ± 0.06 μg/mL and IC50 0.50 ± 0.02 μg/mL in both maturity types. The ethyl acetate fraction of the mature fruits is considered the most potent Aldose Reductase 2 (ALR2) inhibitor with 79% demonstrating the high nutritional value of Sorbus torminalis (L.) mature fruits as a defense mechanism against the onset of diabetes mellitus secondary complications leading to the utilization of the plant for nutritional and pharmaceutical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina-Vasiliki Karakousi
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Beilektsidou Xanthippi
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Samara Theano
- Forest Research Institute of Thessaloniki, ELGO-DEMETER, Vassilika, Thessaloniki 57006, Greece
| | - Kokkalou Eugene
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.
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Rao M, Chang KC. Aldose reductase is a potential therapeutic target for neurodegeneration. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 389:110856. [PMID: 38185272 PMCID: PMC10842418 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.110856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is a complex process involving various inflammatory mediators and cellular responses. Aldose reductase (AR) is a key enzyme in the polyol pathway, which converts glucose to sorbitol. Beyond its metabolic role, AR has also been found to play a significant role in modulating neuroinflammation. This review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge regarding the involvement of AR inhibition in attenuating neuroinflammation and complications from diabetic neuropathies. Here, we review the literature regarding AR and neuropathy/neurodegeneration. We discuss the mechanisms underlying the influence of AR inhibitors on ocular inflammation, beta-amyloid-induced neurodegeneration, and optic nerve degeneration. Furthermore, potential therapeutic strategies targeting AR in neurodegeneration are explored. The understanding of AR's role in neurodegeneration may lead to the development of novel therapeutic interventions for other neuroinflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mishal Rao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louis J. Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Kun-Che Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louis J. Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Center of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
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Wang R, Wang M, Fan YC, Wang WJ, Zhang DH, Andy Li P, Zhang JZ, Jing L. Hyperglycemia exacerbates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by up-regulating autophagy through p53-Sesn2-AMPK pathway. Neurosci Lett 2024; 821:137629. [PMID: 38191089 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia exacerbates ischemic brain injury by up-regulating autophagy. However, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. This study aims to determine whether hyperglycemia activates autophagy through the p53-Sesn2-AMPK signaling pathway. Rats were subjected to 30-min middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with reperfusion for 1- and 3-day under normo- and hyperglycemic conditions; and HT22 cells were exposed to oxygen deprivation (OG) or oxygen-glucose deprivation and re-oxygenation (OGD/R) with high glucose. Autophagy inhibitors, 3-MA and ARI, were used both in vivo and in vitro. The results showed that, compared with the normoglycemia group (NG), hyperglycemia (HG) increased infarct volume and apoptosis in penumbra area, worsened neurological deficit, and augmented autophagy. after MCAO followed by 1-day reperfusion. Further, HG promoted the conversion of LC-3I to LC-3II, decreased p62, increased protein levels of aldose reductase, p53, P-p53ser15, Sesn2, AMPK and numbers of autophagosomes and autolysosomes, detected by transmission electron microscopy and mRFP-GFP-LC3 molecular probe, in the cerebral cortex after ischemia and reperfusion injury in animals or in cultured HT22 cells exposed to hypoxia with high glucose content. Finally, experiments with autophagy inhibitors 3-MA and aldose reductase inhibitor (ARI) revealed that while both inhibitors reduced the number of TUNEL positive neurons and reversed the effects of hyperglycemic ischemia on LC3 and p62, only ARI decreased the levels of p53, P-p53ser15. These results suggested that hyperglycemia might induce excessive autophagy to aggravate the brain injury resulted from I/R and that hyperglycemia might activate the p53-Sesn2-AMPK signaling pathway, in addition to the classical PI3K/AKT/mTOR autophagy pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Fan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Wen-Jun Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Deng-Hai Zhang
- The Shanghai Health Commission Key Lab of Al-Based Management of Inflammation and Chronic Diseases, the Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 200135, China
| | - P Andy Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute Technology Enterprise, College of Health and Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Jian-Zhong Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China.
| | - Li Jing
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China.
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Liao Y, Mao H, Gao X, Lin H, Li W, Chen Y, Li H. Drug screening identifies aldose reductase as a novel target for treating cisplatin-induced hearing loss. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 210:430-447. [PMID: 38056576 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin is a frequently used chemotherapeutic medicine for cancer treatment. Permanent hearing loss is one of the most serious side effects of cisplatin, but there are few FDA-approved medicines to prevent it. We applied high-through screening and target fishing and identified aldose reductase, a key enzyme of the polyol pathway, as a novel target for treating cisplatin ototoxicity. Cisplatin treatment significantly increased the expression level and enzyme activity of aldose reductase in the cochlear sensory epithelium. Genetic knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of aldose reductase showed a significant protective effect on cochlear hair cells. Cisplatin-induced overactivation of aldose reductase led to the decrease of NADPH/NADP+ and GSH/GSSG ratios, as well as the increase of oxidative stress, and contributed to hair cell death. Results of target prediction, molecular docking, and enzyme activity detection further identified that Tiliroside was an effective inhibitor of aldose reductase. Tiliroside was proven to inhibit the enzymatic activity of aldose reductase via competitively interfering with the substrate-binding region. Both Tiliroside and another clinically approved aldose reductase inhibitor, Epalrestat, inhibited cisplatin-induced oxidative stress and subsequent cell death and thus protected hearing function. These findings discovered the role of aldose reductase in the pathogenesis of cisplatin-induced deafness and identified aldose reductase as a new target for the prevention and treatment of hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Liao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai, 200031, PR China; ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, PR China
| | - Huanyu Mao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai, 200031, PR China; ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, PR China
| | - Xian Gao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai, 200031, PR China; ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, PR China
| | - Hailiang Lin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai, 200031, PR China; ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, PR China
| | - Wenyan Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai, 200031, PR China; The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, PR China.
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai, 200031, PR China; ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, PR China.
| | - Huawei Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230031, PR China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai, 200031, PR China; The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, PR China.
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Shi W, Xu G, Gao Y, Zhao J, Liu T, Zhao J, Yang H, Wei Z, Li H, Xu AL, Bai Z, Xiao X. Novel role for epalrestat: protecting against NLRP3 inflammasome-driven NASH by targeting aldose reductase. J Transl Med 2023; 21:700. [PMID: 37805545 PMCID: PMC10560438 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04380-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a progressive and inflammatory subtype of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) characterized by hepatocellular injury, inflammation, and fibrosis in various stages. More than 20% of patients with NASH will progress to cirrhosis. Currently, there is a lack of clinically effective drugs for treating NASH, as improving liver histology in NASH is difficult to achieve and maintain through weight loss alone. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate potential therapeutic drugs for NASH. METHODS BMDMs and THP1 cells were used to construct an inflammasome activation model, and then we evaluated the effect of epalrestat on the NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Western blot, real-time qPCR, flow cytometry, and ELISA were used to evaluate the mechanism of epalrestat on NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Next, MCD-induced NASH models were used to evaluate the therapeutic effects of epalrestat in vivo. In addition, to evaluate the safety of epalrestat in vivo, mice were gavaged with epalrestat daily for 14 days. RESULTS Epalrestat, a clinically effective and safe drug, inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation by acting upstream of caspase-1 and inducing ASC oligomerization. Importantly, epalrestat exerts its inhibitory effect on NLRP3 inflammasome activation by inhibiting the activation of aldose reductase. Further investigation revealed that the administration of epalrestat inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation in vivo, alleviating liver inflammation and improving NASH pathology. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated that epalrestat, an aldose reductase inhibitor, effectively suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation in vivo and in vitro and might be a new therapeutic approach for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, China
| | - Jia Zhao
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huijie Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ziying Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - An-Long Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhaofang Bai
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
- Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaohe Xiao
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
- Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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10
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Lei Y, Nie L, Long Y, Zhao D, Liu M, Wang YC, Zhang XQ, Xu MM, Liu H, Zhang JH, Yuan DZ, Yue LM. Expression of aldose reductase in mouse endometrial epithelial cells and its role in sperm capacitation. Theriogenology 2023; 209:243-250. [PMID: 37480702 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
The survival, motility and capacitation of sperm in the female reproductive tract are important prerequisites for fertilization. The uterus is the main location for sperm capacitation. One of the most important physiological functions of the endometrial epithelium is to create a suitable uterine environment under the regulation of ovarian hormones, to ensure sperm capacitation. The composition of uterine fluid directly affects sperm capacitation. Fructose is an important component of semen that supports sperm viability and motility. Aldose reductase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the polyol pathway, metabolizes sorbitol and fructose, thereby supplying cells with necessary energy for functional activities. Existing studies have reported the presence aldose reductase in the endometrium, leading us to hypothesize that its expression in endometrial epithelium might promote sperm capacitation by maintaining the uterine environment. Yet, the mechanism of regulation has not been clarified. In this study, we investigated the expression of aldose reductase in mouse endometrial epithelium and its potential role in sperm capacitation. We initially investigated the periodic characteristics of glucose, fructose and sorbitol in uterine fluid. We then studied the temporal and spatial characteristics of aldose reductase in the endometrial epithelium. Next, we examined the effect of aldose reductase on glucose, fructose and sorbitol in uterine fluid. Finally, we explored the effect of aldose reductase on sperm capacitation and fertilization. The results showed that glucose and fructose content in uterine fluid and the expression of aldose reductase fluctuated periodically during physiological periods. Inhibition of aldose reductase in the endometrial epithelium interfered with sperm capacitation and fertilization by reducing the fructose levels in the uterine fluid. To conclude, the aldose reductase-mediated polyol pathway in endometrial epithelial cells is essential to maintain an appropriate fructose environment in the uterine fluid for sperm capacitation and fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lei
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Li Nie
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yun Long
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yi-Cheng Wang
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xue-Qin Zhang
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Miao-Miao Xu
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jin-Hu Zhang
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dong-Zhi Yuan
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Li-Min Yue
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Reproductive Endocrinology and Regulation Joint Laboratory, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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11
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Khare K, Mendonca T, Rodrigues G, Kamath M, Hegde A, Nayak S, Kamath A, Kamath S. Aldose reductase and glutathione in senile cataract nucleus of diabetics and non-diabetics. Int Ophthalmol 2023; 43:3673-3680. [PMID: 37395905 PMCID: PMC10504100 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-023-02776-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim is to evaluate the aldose reductase (AR) and glutathione (GSH) activity in the nucleus of senile cataract in type 2 diabetes and non-diabetic group of patients. METHODS A total of 62 patients including 31 diabetics and 31 non- diabetics who were undergoing cataract surgery were included. Nucleus extracted was sent for analysis of AR and GSH activity while blood sample was taken for glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Data were analysed using IBM SPSS 25. Comparison was carried out by unpaired T-test and correlations were established by Pearson's correlation. The p value less than 0.05 was considered significant for all analyses. STUDY DESIGN This is a prospective cross-sectional comparative study. RESULTS In this study, diabetic group patients showed earlier progression of cataract as compared to the non-diabetic group (p-value 0.0310). Mean HbA1c in the diabetic group was 7.34% compared to the non-diabetic group of 5.7% (p value < 0.001). AR in the diabetic patients was 2.07 mU/mg while the non-diabetic group was 0.22 mU/mg (p-value < 0.001). GSH in the diabetic group was 3.38 μMol/g and the non-diabetic group was 7.47 μMol/g (p value < 0.001). HbA1c showed positive correlation with AR among the diabetic group (p-value 0.028). CONCLUSION Elevated oxidative stress can be strongly attributed to high AR and low GSH activity among the diabetic group as compared to the non-diabetic group and can lead to early cataract formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanishk Khare
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Teena Mendonca
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Gladys Rodrigues
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Manjunath Kamath
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Anupama Hegde
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Shyamala Nayak
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Ajay Kamath
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Sumana Kamath
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
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12
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Winans T, Oaks Z, Choudhary G, Patel A, Huang N, Faludi T, Krakko D, Nolan J, Lewis J, Blair S, Lai Z, Landas SK, Middleton F, Asara JM, Chung SK, Wyman B, Azadi P, Banki K, Perl A. mTOR-dependent loss of PON1 secretion and antiphospholipid autoantibody production underlie autoimmunity-mediated cirrhosis in transaldolase deficiency. J Autoimmun 2023; 140:103112. [PMID: 37742509 PMCID: PMC10957505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Transaldolase deficiency predisposes to chronic liver disease progressing from cirrhosis to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Transition from cirrhosis to hepatocarcinogenesis depends on mitochondrial oxidative stress, as controlled by cytosolic aldose metabolism through the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Progression to HCC is critically dependent on NADPH depletion and polyol buildup by aldose reductase (AR), while this enzyme protects from carbon trapping in the PPP and growth restriction in TAL deficiency. Although AR inactivation blocked susceptibility to hepatocarcinogenesis, it enhanced growth restriction, carbon trapping in the non-oxidative branch of the PPP and failed to reverse the depletion of glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) and liver cirrhosis. Here, we show that inactivation of the TAL-AR axis results in metabolic stress characterized by reduced mitophagy, enhanced overall autophagy, activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), diminished glycosylation and secretion of paraoxonase 1 (PON1), production of antiphospholipid autoantibodies (aPL), loss of CD161+ NK cells, and expansion of CD38+ Ito cells, which are responsive to treatment with rapamycin in vivo. The present study thus identifies glycosylation and secretion of PON1 and aPL production as mTOR-dependent regulatory checkpoints of autoimmunity underlying liver cirrhosis in TAL deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Winans
- Departments of Medicine, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA; Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Z Oaks
- Departments of Medicine, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA; Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - G Choudhary
- Departments of Medicine, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA; Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - A Patel
- Departments of Medicine, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA; Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - N Huang
- Departments of Medicine, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA; Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - T Faludi
- Departments of Medicine, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - D Krakko
- Departments of Medicine, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - J Nolan
- Departments of Medicine, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - J Lewis
- Departments of Medicine, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Sarah Blair
- Departments of Medicine, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Z Lai
- Departments of Medicine, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - S K Landas
- Departments of Pathology, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - F Middleton
- Departments of Neuroscience, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - J M Asara
- Division of Signal Transduction, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S K Chung
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
| | - B Wyman
- Departments of Medicine, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA; Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - P Azadi
- University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - K Banki
- Departments of Pathology, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - A Perl
- Departments of Medicine, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA; Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA; Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York, Norton College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
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13
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Demir Y, Tokalı FS, Kalay E, Türkeş C, Tokalı P, Aslan ON, Şendil K, Beydemir Ş. Synthesis and characterization of novel acyl hydrazones derived from vanillin as potential aldose reductase inhibitors. Mol Divers 2023; 27:1713-1733. [PMID: 36103032 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10526-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
In the polyol pathway, aldose reductase (AR) catalyzes the formation of sorbitol from glucose. In order to detoxify some dangerous aldehydes, AR is essential. However, due to the effects of the active polyol pathway, AR overexpression in the hyperglycemic state leads to microvascular and macrovascular diabetic problems. As a result, AR inhibition has been recognized as a potential treatment for issues linked to diabetes and has been studied by numerous researchers worldwide. In the present study, a series of acyl hydrazones were obtained from the reaction of vanillin derivatized with acyl groups and phenolic Mannich bases with hydrazides containing pharmacological groups such as morpholine, piperazine, and tetrahydroisoquinoline. The resulting 21 novel acyl hydrazone compounds were investigated as an inhibitor of the AR enzyme. All the novel acyl hydrazones derived from vanillin demonstrated activity in nanomolar levels as AR inhibitors with IC50 and KI values in the range of 94.21 ± 2.33 to 430.00 ± 2.33 nM and 49.22 ± 3.64 to 897.20 ± 43.63 nM, respectively. Compounds 11c and 10b against AR enzyme activity were identified as highly potent inhibitors and showed 17.38 and 10.78-fold more effectiveness than standard drug epalrestat. The synthesized molecules' absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) effects were also assessed. The probable-binding mechanisms of these inhibitors against AR were investigated using molecular-docking simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeliz Demir
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Nihat Delibalta Göle Vocational High School, Ardahan University, 75700, Ardahan, Turkey.
| | - Feyzi Sinan Tokalı
- Department of Material and Material Processing Technologies, Kars Vocational School, Kafkas University, 36100, Kars, Turkey
| | - Erbay Kalay
- Department of Material and Material Processing Technologies, Kars Vocational School, Kafkas University, 36100, Kars, Turkey.
| | - Cüneyt Türkeş
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, 24002, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Pelin Tokalı
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, 36100, Kars, Turkey
| | - Osman Nuri Aslan
- East Anatolian High Technology Application and Research Center, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Kıvılcım Şendil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Kafkas University, 36100, Kars, Turkey
| | - Şükrü Beydemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470, Eskisehir, Turkey
- The Rectorate of Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, 11230, Bilecik, Turkey
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14
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Taximaimaiti X, Abdulla R, Xin X, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Aisa HA, Deng D, Wu T. Rapid identification of chemical components in Xuelian granule by UHPLC-Q-orbitrap-HRMS based on enzyme activity in vitro. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:222. [PMID: 37407958 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04025-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xuelian granule (XL), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, has been used for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy for a long time as a hospital preparation. Because the active ingredients in the XL that can help to treat diabetic nephropathy are still unclear, which limits the interpretation for its pharmacological mechanism, further development and subsequent study on the material basis of its efficacy. METHODS In this study, a screening method based on inhibition activity against aldose reductase (AR) was employed for activity-directed chemical analysis of XL using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole-orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-orbitrap-HRMS) technique. RESULTS A total of 178 compounds, including 46 terpenes, 47 organic acids, 25 flavonoids, 29 phenylethanoid glycosides, and 31 other types, were tentatively identified from XL which might responsible for its AR inhibition activity. CONCLUSION This is the first study for a systematic, rapid, and accurate qualitative analysis of XL. This research provides a scientific and experimental basis for further researches on pharmacodynamics material basis and quality control of XL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiatiguli Taximaimaiti
- The State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, and Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Plant Resources in Arid Regions, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Rahima Abdulla
- The State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, and Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Plant Resources in Arid Regions, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Xuelei Xin
- The State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, and Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Plant Resources in Arid Regions, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Urumqi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Urumqi, 830000, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Urumqi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Urumqi, 830000, China
| | - Haji Akber Aisa
- The State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, and Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Plant Resources in Arid Regions, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Deqiang Deng
- Urumqi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Urumqi, 830000, China.
| | - Tao Wu
- The State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, and Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Plant Resources in Arid Regions, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China.
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15
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Patnam N, Chevula K, Chennamsetti P, Aleti B, Kotha AK, Manga V. Synthesis, antidiabetic activity and molecular docking studies of novel aryl benzylidenethiazolidine-2,4-dione based 1,2,3-triazoles. Mol Divers 2023:10.1007/s11030-023-10674-y. [PMID: 37326778 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10674-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel aryl benzylidenethiazolidine-2,4-dione based 1,2,3-triazoles synthesized in a straightforward route consisting of benzylidenethiazolidine-2,4-dione and 1,2,3-triazole pharmacophores. The new scaffolds tested for in vitro antidiabetic activity by inhibition of aldose reductase enzyme and its inhibition measured in half of Inhibition Concentration (IC50). The activity results correlated with standard reference Sorbinil (IC50: 3.45 ± 0.25 µM). Among all the titled compounds 8f (1.42 ± 0.21 µM), 8d (1.85 ± 0.39 µM), 13a (1.94 ± 0.27 µM) and 8b (1.98 ± 0.58 µM) shown potent activity. In addition, molecular docking results against the crystal structure of aldose reductase (PDB ID: 1PWM) revealed that the binding affinities shown by all synthesized compounds are higher than the reference compound Sorbinil. The docking scores, H-bond interactions, and hydrophobic interactions well defined inhibition strength of all compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagesh Patnam
- Molecular Modelling and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - Kishan Chevula
- Molecular Modelling and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - Prasad Chennamsetti
- Molecular Modelling and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - Balaswamy Aleti
- Molecular Modelling and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - Aruna Kumari Kotha
- Department of Sciences and Humanities, Matrusri Engineering College, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500059, India
| | - Vijjulatha Manga
- Molecular Modelling and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India.
- Telangana Mahila Viswavidyalayam, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500095, India.
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16
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Gopal K, Karwi QG, Tabatabaei Dakhili SA, Wagg CS, Zhang L, Sun Q, Saed CT, Panidarapu S, Perfetti R, Ramasamy R, Ussher JR, Lopaschuk GD. Aldose reductase inhibition alleviates diabetic cardiomyopathy and is associated with a decrease in myocardial fatty acid oxidation. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:73. [PMID: 36978133 PMCID: PMC10053619 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01811-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases, including diabetic cardiomyopathy, are major causes of death in people with type 2 diabetes. Aldose reductase activity is enhanced in hyperglycemic conditions, leading to altered cardiac energy metabolism and deterioration of cardiac function with adverse remodeling. Because disturbances in cardiac energy metabolism can promote cardiac inefficiency, we hypothesized that aldose reductase inhibition may mitigate diabetic cardiomyopathy via normalization of cardiac energy metabolism. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice (8-week-old) were subjected to experimental type 2 diabetes/diabetic cardiomyopathy (high-fat diet [60% kcal from lard] for 10 weeks with a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (75 mg/kg) at 4 weeks), following which animals were randomized to treatment with either vehicle or AT-001, a next-generation aldose reductase inhibitor (40 mg/kg/day) for 3 weeks. At study completion, hearts were perfused in the isolated working mode to assess energy metabolism. RESULTS Aldose reductase inhibition by AT-001 treatment improved diastolic function and cardiac efficiency in mice subjected to experimental type 2 diabetes. This attenuation of diabetic cardiomyopathy was associated with decreased myocardial fatty acid oxidation rates (1.15 ± 0.19 vs 0.5 ± 0.1 µmol min-1 g dry wt-1 in the presence of insulin) but no change in glucose oxidation rates compared to the control group. In addition, cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy were also mitigated via AT-001 treatment in mice with diabetic cardiomyopathy. CONCLUSIONS Inhibiting aldose reductase activity ameliorates diastolic dysfunction in mice with experimental type 2 diabetes, which may be due to the decline in myocardial fatty acid oxidation, indicating that treatment with AT-001 may be a novel approach to alleviate diabetic cardiomyopathy in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshav Gopal
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Qutuba G Karwi
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Seyed Amirhossein Tabatabaei Dakhili
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Cory S Wagg
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Liyan Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Qiuyu Sun
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Christina T Saed
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sai Panidarapu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Ravichandran Ramasamy
- Diabetes Research Program, New York University Grossman Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - John R Ussher
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Gary D Lopaschuk
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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17
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Maccari R, Wolber G, Genovese M, Sardelli G, Talagayev V, Balestri F, Luti S, Santi A, Moschini R, Del Corso A, Paoli P, Ottanà R. Designed multiple ligands for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications: Discovery of (5-arylidene-4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-3-yl)alkanoic acids active as novel dual-targeted PTP1B/AKR1B1 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 252:115270. [PMID: 36934484 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a serious chronic disease with an alarmingly growing worldwide prevalence. Current treatment of T2DM mainly relies on drug combinations in order to control blood glucose levels and consequently prevent the onset of hyperglycaemia-related complications. The development of multiple-targeted drugs recently emerged as an attractive alternative to drug combinations for the treatment of complex diseases with multifactorial pathogenesis, such as T2DM. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and aldose reductase (AKR1B1) are two enzymes crucially involved in the development of T2DM and its chronic complications and, therefore, dual inhibitors targeted to both these enzymes could provide novel agents for the treatment of this complex pathological condition. In continuing our search for dual-targeted PTP1B/AKR1B1 inhibitors, we designed new (5-arylidene-4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-3-yl)alkanoic acids. Among them, 3-(4-phenylbutoxy)benzylidene derivatives 6f and 7f, endowed with interesting inhibitory activity against both targets, proved to control specific cellular pathways implicated in the development of T2DM and related complications.
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18
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Patel R, Pathak Z, Deshpande S, Shah G. Comparative Evaluation of Aldose Reductase Inhibition in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome-Induced Rats. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:622-32. [PMID: 35930177 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-01039-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) represents a spectrum of disorders, associated with hyperandrogenism, oligoanovulation, and polycystic ovaries. Aldose reductase (AR), a rate-limiting enzyme of polyol pathway, is responsible for maintenance of intracellular osmotic balance, facilitation of oocyte development, and organization of the granulosa cells in the ovary. Cyclic changes in the aldose reductase level were found during the 4-5 days estrus cycle in rat, which is regulated by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Irregular GnRH secretion in PCOS patients may lead to altered aldose reductase expression and ovarian dysfunction. Treatment with a novel AR inhibitor, fidarestat, has been reported to improve erythrocyte sorbitol content in diabetic patients. Hence, the potential role AR in pathogenesis of PCOS was investigated by inhibiting AR with fidarestat in PCOS-induced rats. Pre-pubertal female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups. PCOS is induced either by administering letrozole or by feeding high-fat diet for 90 days. After induction of PCOS, fidarestat treatment was given for 28 days and various parameters were measured. In PCOS-induced rats, parameters like food intake, body weight, insulin, OGTT, triglycerides, cholesterol, prolonged diestrus phase, ovary weight, and immunohistological localization AR were found to be significantly altered. Fidarestat treatment significantly improved ovary weight, ovarian aldose reductase localization in PCOS-induced rats. Improvement in all these parameters suggest involvement of aldose reductase in the pathogenesis of PCOS.
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Wang T, Xu ZH. Natural compounds with aldose reductase (AR) inhibition: A class of medicative agents for fatty liver disease. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2023:CCHTS-EPUB-128927. [PMID: 36655533 DOI: 10.2174/1386207326666230119101011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Fatty liver disease (FLD), which includes both non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic fatty liver disease (ALD), is a worldwide health concern. The etiology of ALD is long-term alcohol consumption, while NAFLD is defined as an abnormal amount of lipid present in liver cells, which is not caused by alcohol intake and has recently been identified as a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome (such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and obesity). Inflammation, oxidative stress, and lipid metabolic dysregulation are all known to play a role in FLD progression. Alternative and natural therapies are desperately needed to treat this disease since existing pharmaceuticals are mostly ineffective. The aldose reductase (AR)/polyol pathway has recently been shown to play a role in developing FLD by contributing to inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and fat accumulation. Herein, we review the effects of plant-derived compounds capable of inhibiting AR in FLD models. Natural AR inhibitors have been found to improve FLD in part by suppressing inflammation, oxidative stress, and steatosis via the regulation of several critical pathways, including the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pathway, cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) pathway, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, etc. This review revealed that natural compounds with AR inhibitory effects are a promising class of therapeutic agents for FLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Hui Xu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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20
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Wang YC, Ma YD, Liu H, Cui ZH, Zhao D, Zhang XQ, Zhang LX, Guo WJ, Long Y, Tu SS, Yuan DZ, Zhang JH, Wang BK, Xu LZ, Shen QY, Wang Y, Nie L, Yue LM. Hyperandrogen-induced polyol pathway flux increase affects ovarian function in polycystic ovary syndrome via excessive oxidative stress. Life Sci 2023; 313:121224. [PMID: 36435224 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in the women of childbearing age. It is characterized by hyperandrogenism and abnormal follicular growth and ovulation. The polyol pathway is a glucose metabolism bypass pathway initiated by aldose reductase (ADR). Androgen induces the expression of ADR in the male reproductive tract, which has a general physiological significance for male reproductive function. Here we investigate whether hyperandrogenemia in PCOS leads to increased flux of the polyol pathway in ovarian tissue, which in turn affects follicular maturation and ovulation through oxidative stress. MAIN METHODS We used clinical epidemiological methods to collect serum and granulosa cells from clinical subjects for a clinical case-control study. At the same time, cell biology and molecular biology techniques were used to conduct animal and cell experiments to further explore the mechanism of hyperandrogen-induced ovarian polyol pathway hyperactivity and damage to ovarian function. KEY FINDINGS Here, we find that hyperandrogenism of PCOS can induce the expression of ovarian aldose reductase, which leads to the increase of the polyol pathway flux, and affects ovarian function through excessive oxidative stress. SIGNIFICANCE Our research has enriched the pathological mechanism of PCOS and may provide a new clue for the clinical treatment of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Cheng Wang
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Department of Reproductive Health and Infertility, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong-Dan Ma
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Cui
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xue-Qin Zhang
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Li-Xue Zhang
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Wen-Jing Guo
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yun Long
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Sha-Sha Tu
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Dong-Zhi Yuan
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Reproductive Endocrinology and Regulation Joint Laboratory, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jin-Hu Zhang
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Reproductive Endocrinology and Regulation Joint Laboratory, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Bing-Kun Wang
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Regulation Joint Laboratory, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Liang-Zhi Xu
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Regulation Joint Laboratory, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiong-Yan Shen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Nie
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Reproductive Endocrinology and Regulation Joint Laboratory, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Li-Min Yue
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Reproductive Endocrinology and Regulation Joint Laboratory, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Matsuo Y, Fujii T, Kato H, Tomizawa K, Fukaya H, Miyake K, Kuroda M, Mimaki Y. Lanceolanone A, a new biflavanone, and a chalcone glucoside from the flower heads of Coreopsis lanceolata and their aldose reductase inhibitory activity and AMPK activation. J Nat Med 2023; 77:109-17. [PMID: 36068394 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-022-01651-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The MeOH extract of the flower heads of Coreopsis lanceolata L. (Asteraceae) exhibited aldose reductase (AR) inhibitory activity (IC50 8.36 µg/mL). Bioassay-guided fractionation of the extract resulted in the isolation of a new biflavanone-named Lanceolanone A (1) and a chalcone glucoside (6), along with 12 known compounds (2-5 and 7-14), of which 4, 7, 9, 10, and 12 were isolated from C. lanceolata for the first time. The structures of the new compounds (1 and 6) were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis, including two-dimensional (2D) NMR, and ECD calculation method. Compounds 2, 4, 11, 13, and 14 exhibited AR inhibitory activities with IC50 values between 2.40 and 9.99 µM. Furthermore, 8-13 at 1.0 mM activated AMPK expression in HepG2 human hepatoma cells compared to the control.
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22
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Demir Y, Ceylan H, Türkeş C, Beydemir Ş. Molecular docking and inhibition studies of vulpinic, carnosic and usnic acids on polyol pathway enzymes. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:12008-12021. [PMID: 34424822 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1967195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Aldose reductase (AR) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) are important enzymes of the polyol pathway. In the current study, inhibitory effects of vulpinic acid (VA) carnosic acid (CA) and usnic acid (UA) on purified AR and SDH enzymes were determined. These enzymes inhibition could be essential to prevent diabetic complications. AR and SDH enzymes were purified from sheep kidney. Then, VA, CA and UA were tested in various concentrations against these enzymes activity in vitro. KI values were found to be as 1.46 ± 0.04, 5.13 ± 0.25 and 11.71 ± 0.27 μΜ for VA, CA and UA, respectively, for AR. KI constants were found to be as 15.32 ± 0.34, 145.60 ± 2.17 and 213.40 ± 2.64 μΜ VA, CA and UA, respectively, for SDH. These findings indicate that VA, CA and UA could be useful in the treatment of diabetic complications.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeliz Demir
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Nihat Delibalta Göle Vocational High School, Ardahan University, Ardahan, Turkey
| | - Hamid Ceylan
- Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Cüneyt Türkeş
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Şükrü Beydemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey.,The Rectorate of Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey
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Zhong K, Huang Y, Zilundu PLM, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Yu G, Fu R, Chung SK, Tang Y, Cheng X, Zhou L. Motor neuron survival is associated with reduced neuroinflammation and increased autophagy after brachial plexus avulsion injury in aldose reductase-deficient mice. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:271. [PMID: 36352421 PMCID: PMC9648007 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02632-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Brachial plexus root avulsion (BPRA) is frequently caused by high-energy trauma including traffic accident and birth trauma, which will induces massive motoneurons (MNs) death as well as loss of motor and sensory function in the upper limb. The death of MNs is attributed to energy deficiency, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress at the injured ventral horn of spinal cord triggered by BPRA injury. It has been reported which aldose reductase (AR), an endogenous enzyme that catalyzes fructose synthesis, positively correlates with the poor prognosis following cerebral ischemic injury, diabetic retinopathy and diabetic peripheral neuropathy. However, the role of AR in BPRA remains unknown. Herein, we used a mouse model and found that in the spinal cord of BPRA mice, the upregulation of AR correlated significantly with (1) an inactivated SIRT1-AMPK-mTOR pathway and disrupted autophagy; (2) increased byproducts accumulation of lipid peroxidation metabolism and neuroinflammation; and (3) increased MNs death. Furthermore, our results demonstrated the role of AR in BPRA injury whereby the absence of AR (AR knockout mice, AR-/-) prevented the hyper-neuroinflammation and disrupted autophagy as well as motor neuron death caused by BPRA injury. Finally, we further demonstrate that AR inhibitor epalrestat is neuroprotective against BPRA injury by increasing autophagy level, alleviating neuroinflammation and rescuing MNs death in mice. Collectively, our data demonstrate that the AR upregulation in the spinal cord is an important factor contributing to autophagy disruption, neuroinflammation and MNs death following brachial plexus roots avulsion in mice. Our study also provides a promising therapy drug to assist re-implantation surgery for the treatment of BPRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, Sun-Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Yaqiong Wang
- Department of Electron Microscope, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingying Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangyin Yu
- Department of Anatomy, Neuroscience Laboratory for Cognitive and Developmental Disorders, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rao Fu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Sookja Kim Chung
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Yamei Tang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Chinese Emergency Key Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness, Syndrome of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Lihua Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong, China.
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Comakli V, Adem S, Oztekin A, Demirdag R. Screening inhibitory effects of selected flavonoids on human recombinant aldose reductase enzyme: in vitro and in silico study. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:1368-1374. [PMID: 32463711 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1771377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Aldose reductase (AR) is the first enzyme of the polyol pathway that has physiological importance under hyperglycaemic conditions. The article has been focussed on AR enzyme inhibition by selected compounds. For this purpose, the in vitro inhibitory effects of various compounds on commercially available recombinant human AR (rAR) enzyme activity were investigated. The IC50 values of compounds on rAR inhibition effect were found for 6-hydroxy flavone, syringic acid, diosmetin, 6-fluoroflavone, 7-hydroxy-4'-nitroisoflavone, myricetin as 2.05, 2.97, 15.75, 16.1, 49.5, and 63 µM, respectively. 6-Hydroxy flavone and syringic acid competitively inhibited rAR with respect to the NADPH with Ki values 0.509 ± 0.036 and 0.842 ± 0.012 µM. In addition, docking studies were performed to evaluate the potential enzyme binding positions of the compounds. Our in vitro and in silico results indicated that the 6-hydroxy flavone may be a good lead compound in the development of AR inhibitors to prevent diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veysel Comakli
- Nutrition and Dietetics Department, High School of Health, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Turkey
| | - Sevki Adem
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cankiri Karatekin University, Cankiri, Turkey
| | - Aykut Oztekin
- Medical Services and Techniques Department, Vocational School of Health Services, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Demirdag
- Nutrition and Dietetics Department, High School of Health, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Turkey
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Vyas B, Choudhary S, Verma H, Kumar M, Malik AK. Identification of missense SNP-mediated mutations in the regulatory sites of aldose reductase (ALR2) responsible for treatment failure in diabetic complications. J Mol Model 2022; 28:260. [PMID: 35984530 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05256-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Scientific pieces of evidence indicate that the polymorphism in the ALR2 regulatory gene favors the susceptibility to diabetic complications (DCs). Previous studies have uncovered several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ALR2 regulatory sites that negatively modulate the activity of this enzyme and eventually increase the risks of DCs. In view of this, the current study aimed at investigating whether the mutation as a resultant of missense SNPs in the regulatory site of ALR2 enzyme can also hamper the interactions of ALR2 inhibitors with the key amino acid residues in the ALR2 binding site. Around 202 SNPs in the ALR2 gene were reported in the dbSNP database. Out of these, eighteen SNPs that are responsible for point mutations in the regulatory sites of ALR2 enzyme were identified and considered for the study. Identified SNPs were then categorized as stabilizing or destabilizing using various in silico tools and webservers. The resulting mutational constructs of ALR2 were further probed for their influence on the binding affinities and binding modes with well-known ALR2 inhibitors using structure-based analyses. This study identified three destabilizing SNPs, i.e., rs779176563 (C298S), rs1392886142 (G16A), and rs1407261115 (A245T), that lead to the compromised response to most of the ALR2 inhibitors which are in clinical trials. On the other hand, treatment with these ALR2 inhibitors may benefit the population which carries missense SNPs rs748119899, rs1402962430, and rs1467939858 that code for W219S, Q183V, and S214A, respectively. Overall findings of the study suggest that one SNP in the inhibitor site and two SNPs in the co-factor site of ALR2 may be responsible for the low efficacy and unsuccessful journey of ALR2 inhibitors in the clinical trials.
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Bayrak C. Synthesis and aldose reductase inhibition effects of celecoxib derivatives containing pyrazole linked-sulfonamide moiety. Bioorg Chem 2022; 128:106086. [PMID: 35973306 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we report the synthesis of Celecoxib derivatives containing the pyrazole-linked sulfonamide moiety. The enzyme inhibition effects of these derivatives on aldose reductase (AR) were also investigated. The IC50 values of the pyrazole sulfonamide derivatives were determined to be in the range of 40.76-8.25 µM. Among the synthesized derivatives, the compound 16 showed the strongest inhibition effect against the AR enzyme, with an IC50 value of 8.25 µM. Molecular docking studies were carried out to determine the interactions of the synthesized compounds with the AR enzyme, and ADMET studies were performed to assess the pharmacokinetic and drug-likeness properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cetin Bayrak
- Dogubayazit Ahmed-i Hani Vocational School, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri 04400, Turkey; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey.
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Deng M, Sun J, Peng L, Huang Y, Jiang W, Wu S, Zhou L, Chung SK, Cheng X. Scutellarin acts on the AR-NOX axis to remediate oxidative stress injury in a mouse model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Phytomedicine 2022; 103:154214. [PMID: 35689902 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathology of ischemic stroke. Studies have confirmedthat scutellarin has antioxidant effects against ischemic injury, and we also reported that the involvement of Aldose reductase (AR) in oxidative stress and cerebral ischemic injury, in this study we furtherly explicit whether the antioxidant effect of scutellarin on cerebral ischemia injury is related to AR gene regulation and its specific mechanism. METHODS C57BL/6N mice (Wild-type, WT) and AR knockout (AR-/-) mice suffered from transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) injury (1 h occlusion followed by 3 days reperfusion), and scutellarin was administered from 2 h before surgery to 3 days after surgery. Subsequently, neurological function was assessed by the modified Longa score method, the histopathological morphology observed with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa) was used to detect the levels of ROS, 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHDG), Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), poly ADP-ribose polymerase-1 (PARP1) and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) in the ischemic penumbra regions. Quantitative proteomics profiling using quantitative nano-HPLC-MS/MS were performed to compare the protein expression difference between AR-/- and WT mice with or without tMCAO injury. The expression of AR, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases (NOX1, NOX2 and NOX4) in the ipsilateral side of ischemic brain were detected by qRT-PCR, Western blot and immunofluorescence co-staining with NeuN. RESULTS Scutellarin treatment alleviated brain damage in tMCAO stroke model such as improved neurological function deficit, brain infarct area and neuronal injury and reduced the expression of oxidation-related products, moreover, also down-regulated tMCAO induced AR mRNA and protein expression. In addition, the therapeutic effect of scutellarin on the reduction of cerebral infarction area and neurological function deficits abolished in AR-/- mice under ischemia cerebral injury, which indicated that the effect of scutellarin treatment on tMCAO injury is through regulating AR gene. Proteomic analysis of AR-/- and WT mice indicated AR knockout would affect oxidation reaction even as NADPH related process and activity in mice under cerebral ischemia conditions. Moreover, NOX isoforms (NOX1, NOX2 and NOX4) mRNA and protein expression were significant decreased in neurons of penumbra region in AR-/- mice compared with that in WT mice at 3d after tMCAO injury, which indicated that AR should be the upstream protein regulating NOX after cerebral ischemia. CONCLUSIONS We first reported that AR directly regulates NOX subtypes (not only NOX2 but also NOX1 and NOX4) after cerebral ischaemic injury. Scutellarin specifically targets the AR-NOX axis and has antioxidant effects in mice with cerebral ischaemic injury, providing a theoretical basis and accurate molecular targets for the clinical application of scutellarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minzhen Deng
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Department of Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingbo Sun
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Department of Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lilin Peng
- Department of Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Department of Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihua Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, Sun Yat-Sen School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sookja Kim Chung
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Xiao Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Department of Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, Guangzhou, China.
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28
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Saeed M, Tasleem M, Shoaib A, Alabdallah NM, Alam MJ, El Asmar Z, Jamal QMS, Bardakci F, Ansari IA, Ansari MJ, Wang F, Badraoui R, Yadav DK. Investigation of antidiabetic properties of shikonin by targeting aldose reductase enzyme: In silico and in vitro studies. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:112985. [PMID: 35658219 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a complicated multifactorial disorder in which the patient generally observes polyphagia, polydipsia, and polyuria due to uncontrolled growth in blood sugar levels. For its management, the pharmaceutical industry is working day and night to find a better drug with no or least toxicity. That's why nowadays a more focused branch is to use herbal phytoconstituents for its prevention. Shikonin is a naphthoquinone natural dye that is isolated from the plants of the Boraginaceae family and has proven its role as an anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-gonadotrophic agent. In our previous study, we have published its anti-diabetic action by inhibiting the enzyme protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B. In this study, we were more focused on finding out the role of Shikonin and its pharmacophores by inhibiting the action of aldose reductase (AR) enzyme. The study was conducted using pharmacophore modeling, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation studies. The absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion (ADME), and toxicity profile were also evaluated in this study. Along with all the computational biology parameters we also focused on the in vitro activity and kinetic study of inhibitory activity of Shikonin against aldose reductase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, Hail 81451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Munazzah Tasleem
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Ambreen Shoaib
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box No. 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadiyah M Alabdallah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Jahoor Alam
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, Hail 81451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeina El Asmar
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, Hail 81451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qazi Mohammad Sajid Jamal
- Department of Health Informatics, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Qassim University, Al Bukayriyah 52741, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fevzi Bardakci
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, Hail 81451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Botany, Hindu College Moradabad, Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University, Bareilly 244001, India
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Riadh Badraoui
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, Hail 81451, Saudi Arabia; Section of Histology-Cytology, Medicine Faculty of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, La Rabta-Tunis, 1007, Tunisia
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21924, South Korea.
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Irahal IN, Guenaou I, Lahlou FA, Hmimid F, Bourhim N. Syzygium aromaticum bud (clove) essential oil is a novel and safe aldose reductase inhibitor: in silico, in vitro, and in vivo evidence. Hormones (Athens) 2022; 21:229-240. [PMID: 35212917 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-021-00347-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and antidiabetic properties of clove essential oil (CEO) and to elucidate its mode of action, using selected biochemical targets, relevant to diabetes, and, specifically, its inhibitory effect on the polyol pathway. METHODS In the current study, CEO was examined for its inhibitory effects on aldose reductase in silico, in vitro, and in vivo, as well as its antioxidative activity. RESULTS In silico docking studies showed that all the selected major compounds of CEO have an energy change ranging between - 5.5 and - 8.8 kcal/mol and an inhibition constant ranging between 357.08 nM and 93.12 µM. CEO significantly inhibits aldose reductase with an IC50 value of 58.55 ± 5.84 µg/mL in a noncompetitive manner. The supplementation of CEO at 20 mg/kg BW decreases retinal sorbitol dehydrogenase activity via decreased aldose reductase activity in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Sprague Dawley rats. Moreover, diabetic rats injected with CEO have exhibited improved levels of glycemia. The IC50 values for ABTS, hydroxyl, and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activities of CEO were found to be 34.42, 277.4, and 39.99 µg/mL, respectively. Reducing power assay and phosphomolybdate assay exhibited a reduction force with the A0.5 values of 50.25 and 140.16 µg/mL, respectively. CONCLUSION CEO potentially exerts a beneficial effect on diabetes-related complications due to its antioxidant and inhibitory effect on aldose reductase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Nait Irahal
- Laboratoire Santé Et Environnement, Faculté Des Sciences Ain Chock, Université Hassan II de Casablanca, BP5366 Maarif, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Ismail Guenaou
- Laboratoire Santé Et Environnement, Faculté Des Sciences Ain Chock, Université Hassan II de Casablanca, BP5366 Maarif, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Fatima Azzahra Lahlou
- Laboratoire National De Référence, Université Mohammed VI Des Sciences De La Santé Faculté De Médecine, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Fouzia Hmimid
- Laboratoire Santé Et Environnement, Faculté Des Sciences Ain Chock, Université Hassan II de Casablanca, BP5366 Maarif, Casablanca, Morocco
- Biotechnologie, Environnement Et Santé, Faculté Des Sciences El Jadida, Université Chouaïb Doukkali, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Noureddine Bourhim
- Laboratoire Santé Et Environnement, Faculté Des Sciences Ain Chock, Université Hassan II de Casablanca, BP5366 Maarif, Casablanca, Morocco.
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30
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Shawki HA, Abo-hashem EM, Youssef MM, Shahin M, Elzehery R. PPARɣ2, aldose reductase, and TCF7L2 gene polymorphisms: relation to diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2022; 21:241-250. [PMID: 35673413 PMCID: PMC9167404 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-021-00963-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a growing global health concern. Genetic factors play a pivotal role in the development of diabetes. Therefore, the present work aimed to study the relation between peroxisome proliferator-activate receptors (PPARɣ2) (rs3856806), aldose reductase (AR) (rs759853), transcription factor 7 like 2 (TCF7L2) (rs7903146) gene polymorphism with diabetes in the Egyptian population. Methods The study included 260 diabetics and 120 healthy subjects. Genotyping was done using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results Regression analysis revealed that PPARɣ2 TT, TCF7L2 TT were suggested to be independent risk predictors for T1DM and TCF7L2 TC, CC genotype were suggested to be independent protective factors against T1DM development. On the other hand, PPARɣ2 TT, AR TT genotypes were suggested to be independent risk predictors for T2DM susceptibility, and PPARɣ2 CT genotypes were suggested to be independent protective factors against T2DM development. Conclusion The present study revealed that PPARγ2 (rs3856806), TCF7L2 (rs7903146) and AR (rs759853) gene polymorphism may play an important role in the susceptibility of diabetes. Therefore, these polymorphisms may have a prognostic value for diabetes in the Egyptian population. Further work is required to confirm the role of these polymorphisms in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel Ahmed Shawki
- grid.10251.370000000103426662Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt ,grid.10251.370000000103426662Mansoura Ophthalmic Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ekbal M. Abo-hashem
- grid.10251.370000000103426662Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Magdy M. Youssef
- grid.10251.370000000103426662Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Maha Shahin
- grid.10251.370000000103426662Mansoura Ophthalmic Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Rasha Elzehery
- grid.10251.370000000103426662Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Yapar G, Esra Duran H, Lolak N, Akocak S, Türkeş C, Durgun M, Işık M, Beydemir Ş. Biological effects of bis-hydrazone compounds bearing isovanillin moiety on the aldose reductase. Bioorg Chem 2021; 117:105473. [PMID: 34768205 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Aldose reductase (ALR2), one of the metabolically important enzymes, catalyzes the formation of sorbitol from glucose in the polyol pathway. ALR2 inhibition is required to prevent diabetic complications. In the present study, the novel bis-hydrazone compounds bearing isovanillin moiety (GY1-12) were synthesized, and various chromatographic methods were applied to purify the ALR2 enzyme. Afterward, the inhibitory effect of the synthesized compounds on the ALR2 was screened in vitro. All the novel bis-hydrazones demonstrated activity in nanomolar levels as AR inhibitors with IC50 and KI values in the range of 12.55-35.04 nM, and 13.38-88.21 nM, respectively. Compounds GY-11, GY-7, and GY-5 against ALR2 were identified as the highly potent inhibitors, respectively, and were superior to the standard drug, epalrestat. Moreover, a comprehensive ligand-receptor interactions prediction was performed using ADME-Tox, Glide XP, and MM-GBSA modules of Schrödinger Small-Molecule Drug Discovery Suite to elucidate the novel bis-hydrazone derivatives, potential binding modes versus the ALR2. As a result, these compounds with ALR2 inhibitory effects may be potential alternative agents that can be used to treat or prevent diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gönül Yapar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, İstanbul Technical University, İstanbul 34469, Turkey.
| | - Hatice Esra Duran
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars 36100, Turkey
| | - Nebih Lolak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman 02040, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Akocak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman 02040, Turkey.
| | - Cüneyt Türkeş
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan 24100, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Durgun
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harran University, Şanlıurfa 63290, Turkey
| | - Mesut Işık
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik 11230, Turkey.
| | - Şükrü Beydemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey; The Rectorate of Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik 11230, Turkey
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Mohd Siddique MU, Thakur A, Shilkar D, Yasmin S, Halakova D, Kovacikova L, Prnova MS, Stefek M, Acevedo O, Dasararaju G, Devadasan V, Mondal SK, Jayaprakash V. Non-carboxylic acid inhibitors of aldose reductase based on N-substituted thiazolidinedione derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 223:113630. [PMID: 34175538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In search of dually active PPAR-modulators/aldose reductase (ALR2) inhibitors, 16 benzylidene thiazolidinedione derivatives, previously reported as partial PPARγ agonists, together with additional 18 structural congeners, were studied for aldose reductase inhibitory activity. While no compounds had dual property, our efforts led to the identification of promising inhibitors of ALR2. Eight compounds (11, 15-16, 20-24, 30) from the library of 33 compounds were identified as potent and selective inhibitors of ALR2. Compound 21 was the most effective and selective inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.95 ± 0.11 and 13.52 ± 0.81 μM against ALR2 and aldehyde reductase (ALR1) enzymes, respectively. Molecular docking and dynamics studies were performed to understand inhibitor-enzyme interactions at the molecular level that determine the potency and selectivity. Compound 21 was further subjected to in silico and in vitro studies to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile. Being less acidic (pKa = 9.8), the compound might have a superior plasma membrane permeability and reach the cytosolic ALR2. This fact together with excellent drug-likeness criteria points to improved bioavailability compared to the clinically used compound Epalrestat. The designed compounds represent a novel group of non-carboxylate inhibitors of aldose reductase with an improved physicochemical profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Usman Mohd Siddique
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, (JH), India; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal's Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule, 424001, (MH), India.
| | - Abhishek Thakur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, 33146, USA.
| | - Deepak Shilkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, (JH), India.
| | - Sabina Yasmin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, (JH), India; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, 61441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Dominika Halakova
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, CEM, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Lucia Kovacikova
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, CEM, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Marta Soltesova Prnova
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, CEM, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Milan Stefek
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, CEM, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Orlando Acevedo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, 33146, USA.
| | - Gayathri Dasararaju
- Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600025, (TN), India.
| | - Velmurugan Devadasan
- Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600025, (TN), India.
| | - Susanta Kumar Mondal
- TCG Life Sciences Ltd, Block-EP & GP, BIPL, Tower-B, Saltlake, Sector-V, Kolkata, 700091, (WB), India.
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Grewal AS, Thapa K, Kanojia N, Sharma N, Singh S. Natural Compounds as Source of Aldose Reductase (AR) Inhibitors for the Treatment of Diabetic Complications: A Mini Review. Curr Drug Metab 2021; 21:1091-1116. [PMID: 33069193 DOI: 10.2174/1389200221666201016124125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aldol reductase (AR) is the polyol pathway's main enzyme that portrays a crucial part in developing 'complications of diabetes' involving cataract, retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. These diabetic abnormalities are triggered tremendously via aggregation of sorbitol formation (catalyzed by AR) in the polyol pathway. Consequently, it represents an admirable therapeutic target and vast research was done for the discovery of novel molecules as potential AR inhibitors for diabetic complications. OBJECTIVE This review article has been planned to discuss an outline of diabetic complications, AR and its role in diabetic complications, natural compounds reported as AR inhibitors, and benefits of natural/plant derived AR inhibitors for the management of diabetic abnormalities. RESULTS The goal of AR inhibition remedy is to stabilize the increased flux of blood glucose and sorbitol via the 'polyol pathway' in the affected tissues. A variety of synthetic inhibitors of AR have been established such as tolrestat and sorbinil, but both of these face limitations including low permeability and health problems. Pharmaceutical industries and other scientists were also undertaking work to develop newer, active, and 'safe' AR inhibitors from natural sources. Therefore, several naturally found molecules were documented to possess a potent inhibitory action on AR activity. CONCLUSION Natural inhibitors of AR appeared as harmless pharmacological agents for controlling diabetic complications. The detailed literature throughout this article shows the significance of herbal extracts and phytochemicals as prospective useful AR inhibitors in treating diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajmer Singh Grewal
- Chitkara School of Basic Sciences, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Komal Thapa
- Chitkara School of Basic Sciences, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Neha Kanojia
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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Kousaxidis A, Kovacikova L, Nicolaou I, Stefek M, Geronikaki A. Non-acidic bifunctional benzothiazole-based thiazolidinones with antimicrobial and aldose reductase inhibitory activity as a promising therapeutic strategy for sepsis. Med Chem Res 2021;:1-12. [PMID: 34366640 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-021-02778-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening disease that affects millions of people worldwide. Microbial infections that lead to sepsis syndrome are associated with an increased production of inflammatory molecules. Aldose reductase has recently emerged as a molecular target that is involved in various inflammatory diseases, including sepsis. Herein, a series of previously synthesized benzothiazole-based thiazolidinones that exhibited strong antibacterial and antifungal activities has been evaluated for inhibition efficacy against aldose reductase and selectivity toward aldehyde reductase under in vitro conditions. The most promising inhibitor 5 was characterized with IC50 value of 3.99 μM and a moderate selectivity. Molecular docking simulations revealed the binding mode of compounds at the active site of human aldose reductase. Moreover, owning to the absence of an acidic pharmacophore, good membrane permeation of the novel aldose reductase inhibitors was predicted. Excellent “drug-likeness” was assessed for most of the compounds by applying the criteria of Lipinski’s “rule of five”. ![]()
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Thakur S, Gupta SK, Ali V, Singh P, Verma M. Aldose Reductase: a cause and a potential target for the treatment of diabetic complications. Arch Pharm Res 2021; 44:655-667. [PMID: 34279787 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-021-01343-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, a disorder of metabolism, results in the elevation of glucose level in the blood. In this hyperglycaemic condition, aldose reductase overexpresses and leads to further complications of diabetes through the polyol pathway. Glucose metabolism-related disorders are the accumulation of sorbitol, overproduction of NADH and fructose, reduction in NAD+, and excessive NADPH usage, leading to diabetic pathogenesis and its complications such as retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy. Accumulation of sorbitol results in the alteration of osmotic pressure and leads to osmotic stress. The overproduction of NADH causes an increase in reactive oxygen species production which leads to oxidative stress. The overproduction of fructose causes cell death and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Apart from these disorders, many other complications have also been discussed in the literature. Therefore, the article overviews the aldose reductase as the causative agent and a potential target for the treatment of diabetic complications. So, aldose reductase inhibitors have gained much importance worldwide right now. Several inhibitors, like derivatives of carboxylic acid, spirohydantoin, phenolic derivatives, etc. could prevent diabetic complications are discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Thakur
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic & Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Sonu Kumar Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic & Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Villayat Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic & Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Priyanka Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic & Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Malkhey Verma
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India.
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Imran A, Tariq Shehzad M, Al Adhami T, Miraz Rahman K, Hussain D, Alharthy RD, Shafiq Z, Iqbal J. Development of coumarin-thiosemicarbazone hybrids as aldose reductase inhibitors: Biological assays, molecular docking, simulation studies and ADME evaluation. Bioorg Chem 2021; 115:105164. [PMID: 34314916 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The over expression of aldose reductase (ALR2) in the state of hyperglycemia causes the conversion of glucose into sorbitol and initiates polyol pathway. Accumulation of sorbitol in insulin insensitive tissue like peripheral nerves, glomerulus and eyes, induces diabetic complications like neuropathy, nephropathy and retinopathy. For the treatment of diabetic complications, the inhibition of aldose reductase (ALR2) is a promising approach. A series of coumarin-based thiosemicarbazone derivatives was synthesized as potential inhibitor of aldose reductase. Compound N-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-(1-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)ethylidene)hydrazinecarbiothioamide (3n) was found to be the most promising inhibitor of ALR2 with an IC50 in micromolar range (2.07 µM) and high selectivity, relative to ALR1. The crystal structure of ALR2 complexed with 3n explored the types of interaction pattern which further demonstrated its high affinity. Compound 3n has excellent lead-likeness, underlined by its physicochemical parameters, and can be considered as a likely prospect for further structural optimization to get a drugable molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqeel Imran
- Center for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | | | - Taha Al Adhami
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Khondaker Miraz Rahman
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Dilawar Hussain
- Center for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Rima D Alharthy
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Arts College, Rabigh Campus, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahid Shafiq
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan.
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Center for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan.
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Sever B, Altıntop MD, Demir Y, Yılmaz N, Akalın Çiftçi G, Beydemir Ş, Özdemir A. Identification of a new class of potent aldose reductase inhibitors: Design, microwave-assisted synthesis, in vitro and in silico evaluation of 2-pyrazolines. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 345:109576. [PMID: 34252406 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Aldose reductase (AR) acts as a multi-disease target for the design and development of therapeutic agents for the management of diabetic complications as well as non-diabetic diseases. In the search for potent AR inhibitors, the microwave-assisted synthesis of twenty new compounds with a 1,3-diaryl-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-pyrazoline moiety as a common fragment in their structure (1-20) was carried out efficiently. Compounds 1-20 were subjected to in vitro studies, which were conducted to assess their AR inhibitory effects and cytotoxicity towards L929 mouse fibroblast (normal) cells. Among these compounds, 1-(3-bromophenyl)-3-(4-piperidinophenyl)-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-pyrazoline (20) was identified as the most promising AR inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.160 ± 0.005 μM exerting competitive inhibition with a Ki value of 0.019 ± 0.001 μM as compared to epalrestat (IC50 = 0.279 ± 0.001 μM; Ki = 0.801 ± 0.023 μM) and quercetin (IC50 = 4.120 ± 0.123 μM; Ki = 6.082 ± 0.272 μM). Compound 20 displayed cytotoxicity towards L929 cells with an IC50 value of 18.75 ± 1.06 μM highlighting its safety as an AR inhibitor. Molecular docking studies suggested that π-π stacking interactions occurred between the m-bromophenyl moiety of compound 20 and Trp21. Based on in silico pharmacokinetic studies, compound 20 was found to possess favorable oral bioavailability and drug-like properties. It can be concluded that compound 20 is a potential orally bioavailable AR inhibitor for the management of diabetic complications as well as non-diabetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belgin Sever
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Mehlika Dilek Altıntop
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470, Eskişehir, Turkey.
| | - Yeliz Demir
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Nihat Delibalta Göle Vocational High School, Ardahan University, 75700, Ardahan, Turkey
| | - Nalan Yılmaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Gülşen Akalın Çiftçi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Şükrü Beydemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470, Eskişehir, Turkey; The Rectorate of Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, 11230, Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Özdemir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470, Eskişehir, Turkey
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Sonowal H, Ramana KV. Development of Aldose Reductase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Inflammatory Disorders and Cancer: Current Drug Design Strategies and Future Directions. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:3683-3712. [PMID: 33109031 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666201027152737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aldose Reductase (AR) is an enzyme that converts glucose to sorbitol during the polyol pathway of glucose metabolism. AR has been shown to be involved in the development of secondary diabetic complications due to its involvement in causing osmotic as well as oxidative stress. Various AR inhibitors have been tested for their use to treat secondary diabetic complications, such as retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy in clinical studies. Recent studies also suggest the potential role of AR in mediating various inflammatory complications. Therefore, the studies on the development and potential use of AR inhibitors to treat inflammatory complications and cancer besides diabetes are currently on the rise. Further, genetic mutagenesis studies, computer modeling, and molecular dynamics studies have helped design novel and potent AR inhibitors. This review discussed the potential new therapeutic use of AR inhibitors in targeting inflammatory disorders and cancer besides diabetic complications. Further, we summarized studies on how AR inhibitors have been designed and developed for therapeutic purposes in the last few decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himangshu Sonowal
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Kota V Ramana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
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Rivelli Antonelli JF, Santander VS, Nigra AD, Monesterolo NE, Previtali G, Primo E, Otero LH, Casale CH. Prevention of tubulin/ aldose reductase association delays the development of pathological complications in diabetic rats. J Physiol Biochem 2021; 77:565-576. [PMID: 34097242 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-021-00820-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In recent studies, we found that compounds derived from phenolic acids (CAFs) prevent the formation of the tubulin/aldose reductase complex and, consequently, may decrease the occurrence or delay the development of secondary pathologies associated with aldose reductase activation in diabetes mellitus. To verify this hypothesis, we determined the effect of CAFs on Na+,K+-ATPase tubulin-dependent activity in COS cells, ex vivo cataract formation in rat lenses and finally, to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of CAFs, diabetes mellitus was induced in Wistar rats, they were treated with different CAFs and four parameters were determinates: cataract formation, erythrocyte deformability, nephropathy and blood pressure. After confirming that CAFs are able to prevent the association between aldose reductase and tubulin, we found that treatment of diabetic rats with these compounds decreased membrane-associated acetylated tubulin, increased NKA activity, and thus reversed the development of four AR-activated complications of diabetes mellitus determined in this work. Based on these results, the existence of a new physiological mechanism is proposed, in which tubulin is a key regulator of aldose reductase activity. This mechanism can explain the incorrect functioning of aldose reductase and Na+,K+-ATPase, two key enzymes in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. Moreover, we found that such alterations can be prevented by CAFs, which are able to dissociate tubulin/aldose reductase complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Rivelli Antonelli
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, 5800, Córdoba, CP, Argentina
- INBIAS CONICET-UNRC, Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud, Campus UNRC, Río Cuarto, 5800, Córdoba, CP, Argentina
| | - Verónica S Santander
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, 5800, Córdoba, CP, Argentina
- INBIAS CONICET-UNRC, Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud, Campus UNRC, Río Cuarto, 5800, Córdoba, CP, Argentina
| | - Ayelen D Nigra
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, 5800, Córdoba, CP, Argentina
- INBIAS CONICET-UNRC, Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud, Campus UNRC, Río Cuarto, 5800, Córdoba, CP, Argentina
| | - Noelia E Monesterolo
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, 5800, Córdoba, CP, Argentina
- INBIAS CONICET-UNRC, Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud, Campus UNRC, Río Cuarto, 5800, Córdoba, CP, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Previtali
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, 5800, Córdoba, CP, Argentina
- INBIAS CONICET-UNRC, Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud, Campus UNRC, Río Cuarto, 5800, Córdoba, CP, Argentina
| | - Emilianao Primo
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, 5800, Córdoba, CP, Argentina
- INBIAS CONICET-UNRC, Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud, Campus UNRC, Río Cuarto, 5800, Córdoba, CP, Argentina
| | - Lisandro H Otero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, IIBBA, CONICET - Fundación Instituto Leloir, Av Patricias Argentinas 435, C1405BWE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - César H Casale
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, 5800, Córdoba, CP, Argentina.
- INBIAS CONICET-UNRC, Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud, Campus UNRC, Río Cuarto, 5800, Córdoba, CP, Argentina.
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Haroon HB, Perumalsamy V, Nair G, Anand DK, Kolli R, Monichen J, Prabha K. Repression of Polyol Pathway Activity by Hemidesmus indicus var. pubescens R.Br. Linn Root Extract, an Aldose Reductase Inhibitor: An In Silico and Ex Vivo Study. Nat Prod Bioprospect 2021; 11:315-324. [PMID: 33284412 PMCID: PMC8141070 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-020-00290-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Development of diabetic cataract is mainly associated with the accumulation of sorbitol via the polyol pathway through the action of Aldose reductase (AR). Hence, AR inhibitors are considered as potential agents in the management of diabetic cataract. This study explored the AR inhibition potential of Hemidesmus indicus var. pubescens root extract by in silico and ex vivo methods. Molecular docking studies (Auto Dock tool) between β-sitosterol, hemidesminine, hemidesmin-1, hemidesmin-2, and AR showed that β-sitosterol (- 10.2 kcal/mol) and hemidesmin-2 (- 8.07 kcal/mol) had the strongest affinity to AR enzyme. Ex vivo studies were performed by incubating isolated goat lenses in artificial aqueous humor using galactose (55 mM) as cataract inducing agent at room temperature (pH 7.8) for 72 h. After treatment with Vitamin E acetate - 100 µg/mL (standard) and test extract (500 and 1000 µg/mL) separately, the estimation of biochemical markers showed inhibition of lens AR activity and decreased sorbitol levels. Additionally, extract also normalized the levels of antioxidant markers like SOD, CAT, GSH. Our results showed evidence that H. indicus var. pubescens root was able to prevent cataract by prevention of opacification and formation of polyols that underlines its potential as a possible therapeutic agent against diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajira Banu Haroon
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, M S Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Gnanagangothri Campus, New BEL Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560054, India.
| | - Vijaybhanu Perumalsamy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, M S Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Gnanagangothri Campus, New BEL Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560054, India
| | - Gouri Nair
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, M S Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Gnanagangothri Campus, New BEL Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560054, India
| | - Dhanusha Koppal Anand
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, M S Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Gnanagangothri Campus, New BEL Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560054, India
| | - Rajitha Kolli
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, M S Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Gnanagangothri Campus, New BEL Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560054, India
| | - Joel Monichen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, M S Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Gnanagangothri Campus, New BEL Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560054, India
| | - Kanchan Prabha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, M S Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Gnanagangothri Campus, New BEL Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560054, India
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Khater SI, Mohamed AAR, Arisha AH, Ebraheim LLM, El-Mandrawy SAM, Nassan MA, Mohammed AT, Abdo SA. Stabilized-chitosan selenium nanoparticles efficiently reduce renal tissue injury and regulate the expression pattern of aldose reductase in the diabetic-nephropathy rat model. Life Sci 2021; 279:119674. [PMID: 34081992 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
One of the global alarming prevalent metabolic diseases is Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) than other diabetes and sustains a substantial burden on public and healthcare systems. This study attempts to endeavor the beneficial effect of chitosan stabilized nanoparticles Ch-SeNPs on combating diabetic nephropathy (DN) after induction of T2DM in rats (DN.STZ-induced T2D). High-fat diet (HFD) and STZ were used for the induction of T2DM in rats, and then they were treated with either metformin alone (MEF) (500 mg/kg b.wt.) or combined with (Ch-SeNPs) (2 mg Se/kg b.wt.) for eight weeks. The microvascular complications in renal tissue of diabetic rats were pronounced by the prevalence of microalbuminuria and elevated levels of urea, creatinine, and BUN. Pronounced oxidative stress with enhanced inflammatory response. In the urine of diabetic rats, a marked increase in Kim 1, β2-microglobulin, and urinary albumin. Renal morphological alterations were observed in all groups upon induction of T2DM, except for the Ch-SeNPs/MEF group showed noticeable improvements. The expression levels of Aldo-keto reductase AKr1B1, profibrotic protein transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), nestin, desmin, and vimentin, were up-regulated in the diabetic group. Significant down-regulation of their expression and restored antioxidant capacity was observed in the combined-treated group than single treated ones. Ch-SeNPs helped limit the prevalence of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β while used after T2DM induction by STZ and HFD. Ch-SeNPs/MEF co-therapy could effectively guard the kidneys and reduce the renal tissue injury via inhibiting oxidative stress and restoring glucose hemostasis, which indicates a promising line for treating T2DM nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safaa I Khater
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 4511, Egypt.
| | | | - Ahmed Hamed Arisha
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11865, Egypt; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
| | - Lamiaa L M Ebraheim
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
| | - Shefaa A M El-Mandrawy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A Nassan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Turabah University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Amany Tharwat Mohammed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Zagazig University, Zagazig 4511, Egypt.
| | - Samar Ahmed Abdo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 4511, Egypt
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Hupy ML, Pedler MG, Shieh B, Wang D, Wang XJ, Petrash JM. Suppression of epithelial to mesenchymal transition markers in mouse lens by a Smad7-based recombinant protein. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 344:109495. [PMID: 33961834 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cataracts, a clouding of the eye lens, are a leading cause of visual impairment and are responsible for one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures worldwide. Although generally safe and effective, cataract surgery can lead to a secondary lens abnormality due to transition of lens epithelial cells to a mesenchymal phenotype (EMT) and opacification of the posterior lens capsular bag. Occurring in up to 40% of cataract cases over time, posterior capsule opacification (PCO) introduces additional treatment costs and reduced quality of life for patients. Studies have shown that PCO pathogenesis is driven in part by TGF-β, signaling through the action of the family of Smad coactivators to effect changes in gene transcription. In the present study, we evaluated the ability of Smad-7, a well characterized inhibitor of TGF-β -mediated Smad signaling, to suppress the EMT response in lens epithelial cells associated with PCO pathogenesis. Treatment of lens epithelial cells with a cell-permeable form of Smad7 variant resulted in suppressed expression of EMT markers such as alpha smooth muscle actin and fibronectin. A single application of cell-permeable Smad7 variant in the capsular bag of a mouse cataract surgery model resulted in suppression of gene transcripts encoding alpha smooth muscle actin and fibronectin. These results point to Smad7 as a promising biotherapeutic agent for prevention or substantial reduction in the incidence of PCO following cataract surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Hupy
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Michelle G Pedler
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Biehuoy Shieh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Dongyan Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - J Mark Petrash
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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Cheng P, Xie J, Liu Z, Wang J. Aldose reductase deficiency inhibits LPS-induced M1 response in macrophages by activating autophagy. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:61. [PMID: 33771228 PMCID: PMC8004403 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00576-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage M1 polarization mediates inflammatory responses and tissue damage. Recently, aldose reductase (AR) has been shown to play a critical role in M1 polarization in macrophages. However, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Here, we demonstrated, for the first time, that AR deficiency repressed the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages via activation of autophagy. This suppression was related to a defect in the inhibitor of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) kinase (IKK) complex in the classical NF-κB pathway. However, the mRNA levels of IKKβ and IKKγ were not reduced in LPS-treated AR knockout (KO) macrophages, indicating that their proteins were downregulated at the post-transcriptional level. We discovered that LPS stimuli induced the recruitment of more beclin1 and increased autophagosome formation in AR-deficient macrophages. Blocking autophagy through 3-methyladenine and ammonium chloride treatment restored IKKβ and IKKγ protein levels and increased nitric oxide synthase production in LPS-stimulated AR-deficient macrophages. More assembled IKKβ and IKKγ underwent ubiquitination and recruited the autophagic adaptor p62 in LPS-induced AR KO macrophages, promoting their delivery to autophagosomes and lysosomes. Collectively, these findings suggest that AR deficiency is involved in the regulation of NF-κB signaling, and extends the role of selective autophagy in fine-tuned M1 macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Second Naval Hospital of Southern Theater Command (425th Hospital of the People's Liberation Army), Sanya, 572000, China. .,Institute of Neurosciences, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Jianwei Xie
- Department of Neurology, Second Naval Hospital of Southern Theater Command (425th Hospital of the People's Liberation Army), Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Second Naval Hospital of Southern Theater Command (425th Hospital of the People's Liberation Army), Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of Neurosciences, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Elmazoglu Z, Prnova MS, Stefek M, Ceylan AF, Aschner M, Rangel-López E, Santamaria A, Karasu C. Protective Effects of Novel Substituted Triazinoindole Inhibitors of Aldose Reductase and Epalrestat in Neuron-like PC12 Cells and BV2 Rodent Microglial Cells Exposed to Toxic Models of Oxidative Stress: Comparison with the Pyridoindole Antioxidant Stobadine. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:588-97. [PMID: 33713301 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00349-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Aldose reductase (AR) catalyzes the conversion of glucose to sorbitol in a NADPH-dependent reaction, thereby increasing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Since AR activation is linked to redox dysregulation and cell damage in neurodegenerative diseases, AR inhibitors (ARIs) constitute promising therapeutic tools for the treatment of these disorders. Among these compounds, the novel substituted triazinoindole derivatives cemtirestat (CMTI) and COTI, as well as the clinically employed epalrestat (EPA) and the pyridoindole-antioxidant stobadine (STB), were tested in both PC12 cells and BV2 microglia exposed to four different neurotoxic models. These include (1) oxidative stress with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), (2) mitochondrial complex IV inhibition with NaN3, (3) endoplasmic reticulum-stress and lipotoxicity induced by palmitic acid/bovine serum albumin (PAM/BSA), and (4) advanced carbonyl compound lipotoxicity by 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE). All toxic compounds decreased cell viability and increased ROS formation in both PC12 and BV2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner (1-1000 μM; NaN3 < H2O2≈PAM/BSA < 4-HNE). In PC12 cells, EPA increased cell viability in all toxic models only at 1 μM, whereas CMTI restored baseline viability in all toxic models. COTI afforded protection against lipotoxicity, while STB only prevented H2O2-induced toxicity. Except for the 4-HNE model, EPA prevented ROS generation in all other toxic models, whereas CMTI, COTI, and STB prevented ROS production in all toxic models. In BV2 cells, EPA and CMTI restored baseline cell viability in all toxic models tested, while COTI and STB did not prevent the loss of viability in the NaN3 model. All ARIs and STB efficiently prevented ROS formation in all toxic models in a concentration-independent manner. The differential protective effects evoked by the novel ARIs and STB on the toxic models tested herein provide novel and relevant comparative evidence for the design of specific therapeutic strategies against neurodegenerative events associated with neurological disorders.
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Sekhon G, Singh B, Singh R. Role of Cys-298 in specific recognition of glutathione by aldose reductase. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:6880-6888. [PMID: 33627036 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1891138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Aldose reductase (AR) is an NADPH-dependent oxidoreductase that is well-studied for its role in Diabetes Mellitus. Glutathione conjugated aldehydes are efficiently catalysed by AR. We have employed molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the dynamics of a glutathione analog, γ-glutamyl-S-(1,2-di-carboxyethyl)-cysteinyl-glycine (DCEG), into the binding pocket of AR. Study revealed that backbone nitrogens of Ala-299 and Leu-300 form a tiny pocket gated by thiol group of Cys-298. The glycine moiety of DCEG was able to displace the thiol group of Cys-298 to make hydrogen bond interactions with backbone of Ala-299, Leu-300, and Leu-301. This study provides the details of the dynamic interactions of DCEG in the binding pocket of AR, and shall aid in the design/discovery of differential inhibitors against AR.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurprit Sekhon
- Department cum National Centre for Human Genome Studies & Research, Pharmacy Extention Block, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Balvinder Singh
- Bioinformatics Center, Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ranvir Singh
- Department cum National Centre for Human Genome Studies & Research, Pharmacy Extention Block, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Zhang H, Xu C, Tian Q, Zhang Y, Zhang G, Guan Y, Tong S, Yan J. Screening and characterization of aldose reductase inhibitors from Traditional Chinese medicine based on ultrafiltration-liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and in silico molecular docking. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 264:113282. [PMID: 32890716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Shenqi Jiangtang granule (SJG) is an ancient Chinese herbal formula used for treatment of Diabetes mellitus and its complications. AIM OF THE STUDY To establish an integrated approach for discovery of effective Aldose reductase inhibitors (ARIs) from SJG. MATERIALS AND METHODS An integrated approach combining ultrafiltration-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UF-LC-MS) with in silico molecular docking was established for development of ARIs. AR enzyme was separated from the rabbit's crystalline lens. The inhibitory activities of these compounds were detected by UV spectrophotometry with DL-glyceraldehyde as a substrate. Furthermore, molecular docking was used to understand the binding mechanism of these screened compounds interacting with AR. RESULTS After optimization of AR reaction system and ultrafiltration incubation system, 17 active ingredients were screened from SJG by UF-LC-MS technique. Among these potential AR inhibitors, ginsenoside Rd exhibited the strongest activity with IC50 value of 45.77 μM. Three of them, calycosin, gomisin J and schisandrin A were demonstrated to be potential inhibitors for the first time, with IC50 at 447.34 μM, 181.73 μM, and 429.00 μM, respectively. Most of the active compounds exhibited competitive inhibition against AR. The docking scores of saponins were higher than that of lignans, which was consistent with the verification results. CONCLUSION The results indicated that TCM formula with clinical efficacy was indeed hopeful source for screening active ingredients, and the combination of UF-LC-MS and in silico molecular docking was a universal and promising approach for development of effective enzyme inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Cong Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Qinghua Tian
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Guimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shandong, 276006, China; Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Shandong, 276006, China
| | - Yongxia Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shandong, 276006, China; Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Shandong, 276006, China
| | - Shengqiang Tong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Jizhong Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
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Yang X, Zhu K, Guo X, Pei Y, Zhao M, Song X, Li Y, Liu S, Li J. Constitutive expression of aldose reductase 1 from Zea mays exacerbates salt and drought sensitivity of transgenic Escherichia coli and Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol Biochem 2020; 156:436-444. [PMID: 33022480 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aldose reductases (ARs) have been considered to play important roles in sorbitol biosynthesis, cellular detoxification and stress response in some plants. ARs from maize are capable of catalyzing the oxidation of sorbitol to glucose. However, little is known how maize ARs response to abiotic stresses. In this work, we cloned one isoform of maize ARs (ZmAR1), and furthermore we analyzed the roles of ZmAR1 in response to salt and drought stresses at both prokaryotic and eukaryotic levels. ZmAR1 encodes a putative 35 kDa protein that contains 310 amino acids. Under normal growth conditions, ZmAR1 was expressed in maize seedlings, and the highest expression level was found in leaves. But when seedlings were subjected to drought or salt treatment, the expression levels of ZmAR1 were significantly reduced. The constitutive expression of ZmAR1 increased the sensitivity of recombinant E. coli cells to drought and salt stresses compared with the control. Under salt and drought stresses, transgenic Arabidopsis lines displayed lower seed germination rate, shorter seedling root length, lower chlorophyll content, lower survival rate and lower antioxidant enzyme activity than wild type (WT) plants, but transgenic Arabidopsis had higher relative conductivity, higher water loss rate, and more MDA content than WT. Meanwhile, the introduction of ZmAR1 into Arabidopsis changed the expression levels of some stress-related genes. Taken together, our results suggested that ZmAR1 might act as a negative regulator in response to salt and drought stresses in Arabidopsis by reducing the sorbitol content and modulating the expression levels of some stress-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Yang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Kaili Zhu
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xinmei Guo
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yuhe Pei
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Meiai Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xiyun Song
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| | - Yubin Li
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Shutang Liu
- School of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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48
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Marella S, Hema K, Shameer S, Prasad TNVKV. Nano-ellagic acid: inhibitory actions on aldose reductase and α-glucosidase in secondary complications of diabetes, strengthened by in silico docking studies. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:439. [PMID: 32999815 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02411-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased blood sugar levels in prolonged diabetes lead to secondary complications such as retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy, which gradually end in death. Synthesis of nano-phytomedicines from active phytoconstituents for novel emerging applications in the field of pharmaceuticals is of huge interest among researchers. In the present investigation, encapsulated ellagic acid (NEA) was synthesized at four different concentrations (0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%) using ZnO nanoparticles as encapsulating agent. The surface morphology (fiber-like structures) of the nanoparticles were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and particle size (161-297 nm) and zeta potential (- 54.9-38.4 mV) were determined by dynamic light scattering technique. Further, the α-glucosidase and aldose reductase enzymes were significantly inhibited by the 0.4% of NEA compared to the other concentrations which strengthened our studies in overcoming the secondary complications of diabetes. The interaction analysis between ellagic acid and insulin receptor found Hit 1 among 10 executed ∆G score and energy of - 5.76, - 4.63 kcal/mol and formed polar bond with Arg 113 with - 1.175 Å distance. The residues Arg115, Lys116, Phe118, Ile115, Arg1131, Arg1155, Ile1157, Lys1165 and Phe1186 were found in ligand-protein interactions. ADME/T analysis of hit 1 was within the acceptable range without any toxic functional groups, providing a framework for developing novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saritha Marella
- Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Frontier Technology, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Acharya N.G Ranga Agricultural University, Tirupati, A.P. India
| | - Kanipakam Hema
- Department of Bioinformatics, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences (SVIMS), Tirupati, 517502, A.P. India
| | - Syed Shameer
- Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Frontier Technology, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Acharya N.G Ranga Agricultural University, Tirupati, A.P. India
| | - T N V K V Prasad
- Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Frontier Technology, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Acharya N.G Ranga Agricultural University, Tirupati, A.P. India
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49
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Kousaxidis A, Petrou A, Lavrentaki V, Fesatidou M, Nicolaou I, Geronikaki A. Aldose reductase and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitors as a promising therapeutic approach for diabetes mellitus. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 207:112742. [PMID: 32871344 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels and usually associated with several chronic pathologies. Aldose reductase and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B enzymes have identified as two novel molecular targets associated with the onset and progression of type II diabetes and related comorbidities. Although many inhibitors against these enzymes have already found in the field of diabetic mellitus, the research for discovering more effective and selective agents with optimal pharmacokinetic properties continues. In addition, dual inhibition of these target proteins has proved as a promising therapeutic approach. A variety of diverse scaffolds are presented in this review for the future design of potent and selective inhibitors of aldose reductase and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B based on the most important structural features of both enzymes. The discovery of novel dual aldose reductase and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitors could be effective therapeutic molecules for the treatment of insulin-resistant type II diabetes mellitus. The methods used comprise a literature survey and X-ray crystal structures derived from Protein Databank (PDB). Despite the available therapeutic options for type II diabetes mellitus, the inhibitors of aldose reductase and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B could be two promising approaches for the effective treatment of hyperglycemia and diabetes-associated pathologies. Due to the poor pharmacokinetic profile and low in vivo efficacy of existing inhibitors of both targets, the research turned to more selective and cell-permeable agents as well as multi-target molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Kousaxidis
- School of Health, Department of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Anthi Petrou
- School of Health, Department of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Lavrentaki
- School of Health, Department of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Maria Fesatidou
- School of Health, Department of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Ioannis Nicolaou
- School of Health, Department of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - Athina Geronikaki
- School of Health, Department of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece.
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50
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Sever B, Altıntop MD, Demir Y, Akalın Çiftçi G, Beydemir Ş, Özdemir A. Design, synthesis, in vitro and in silico investigation of aldose reductase inhibitory effects of new thiazole-based compounds. Bioorg Chem 2020; 102:104110. [PMID: 32739480 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aldose reductase (AR) catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of glucose to sorbitol in the polyol pathway, which plays an important role in the development of diabetic complications including cataract, retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. AR has been considered as an important target to heal these long-term diabetic complications and for this reason the development of new AR inhibitors is an important approach in modern medicinal chemistry. In the current study, new 4-aryl-2-[2-((3,4-dihydro-2H-1,5-benzodioxepine-7-yl)methylene)hydrazinyl]thiazole derivatives (1-12) were synthesized and screened for their inhibitory effects on AR which was purified by diverse chromatographic methods with a yield of 1.40% and a specific activity of 2.00 EU/mg. All compounds were determined as promising AR inhibitors with the Ki values in the range of 0.018 ± 0.005 μM-3.746 ± 1.321 μM compared to the quercetin (Ki = 7.025 ± 1.780 μM). In particular, 4-(4-cyanophenyl)-2-[2-((3,4-dihydro-2H-1,5-benzodioxepin-7-yl)methylene)hydrazinyl]thiazole (3) was detected as the most potential AR inhibitor in this series with the Ki value of 0.018 ± 0.005 µM and the compound showed competitive AR inhibition. The cytotoxic effects of compounds 1-12 were investigated on L929 mouse fibroblast (healthy) cells using MTT assay and all these compounds were defined as non-cytotoxic agents against L929 cells. Molecular docking studies, which were employed to determine the affinity of compounds 1-12 into the active site of AR, highlighted that the thiazole scaffold of all these compounds presented π-π stacking interactions with Trp20 and Phe122. According to both in vitro and in silico assays, these potential AR inhibitors may have great importance in the prevention of diabetic microvascular conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belgin Sever
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey.
| | - Mehlika Dilek Altıntop
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Demir
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Nihat Delibalta Gole Vocational High School, Ardahan University, 75700 Ardahan, Turkey
| | - Gülşen Akalın Çiftçi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Şükrü Beydemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey; The Rectorate of Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, 11230 Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Özdemir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
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