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Sharma A, Muthu MS, V V, Nuvvula S, T G. Genetic variations in exon 10 of ENAM and their association with early childhood caries. J Oral Biosci 2024; 66:349-357. [PMID: 38642606 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Enamelin is the largest enamel matrix protein encoded by the ENAM gene. The primary purpose of this study was to identify genetic variants in ENAM exon 10 that can alter susceptibility to early childhood caries (ECC). METHODS This case-control study included 248 children aged 3-6 years, with 124 children diagnosed with ECC in the case group and 124 children without caries in the control group. Questionnaires were used to record demographic data, socioeconomic status, hygienic practices, and feeding practices, and a 24-h diet diary was kept. Seven polymorphisms (rs7671281, rs1738668322, rs3796703, rs3796704, rs759376039, rs775159311, and rs1738678483) in ENAM exon 10 were sequenced. RESULTS The heterozygous CT genotype of rs7671281 was significantly more common in the case group compared to the control group (odds ratio [OR], 6.1765; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.05-18.58; P = 0.0006). Under the dominant model, the TT genotype of rs7671281 was significantly more common in the control group (OR, 6.47; 95% CI, 2.15-19.39; P < 0.001). The AG genotype of rs3796704 was significantly more common in the case group than in the control group (OR, 5.705; 95% CI, 1.60-20.25; P = 0.006). Under the dominant model, the GG genotype of rs3796704 was significantly more common in children without caries than in children with caries (OR, 6.84; 95% CI, 1.96-23.90; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The C allele of rs7671281 and the A allele of rs3796704 can increase susceptibility to ECC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Sharma
- Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research (CECCRe), Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, No.1 Mount Poonamalle Road, Sri Ramachandra Nagar, Porur, Chennai, India; Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Pondy-Cuddalore Main Road, Pillayarkuppam, Puducherry, India.
| | - M S Muthu
- Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research (CECCRe), Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, No.1 Mount Poonamalle Road, Sri Ramachandra Nagar, Porur, Chennai, India; Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Vettriselvi V
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, No.1, Mount Poonamalle Road, Sri Ramachandra Nagar, Porur, Chennai, India.
| | - Sivakumar Nuvvula
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry. Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Chintareddy Palem, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Gayathri T
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, No.1, Mount Poomamalle Road, Sri RamachandraNagar, Porur, Chennai, India.
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Sharma A, Muthu MS, Vettriselvi V, Nuvvula S, Gayathri T. AMELX gene association to early childhood caries in south-Indian children: a case-control study. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2024; 25:201-210. [PMID: 38409576 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-024-00866-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Genetic variants of AMELX gene can affect the protein content, organization of enamel prisms, microstructure and microhardness of the enamel, thus altering the caries susceptibility. The present study aims to assess the association between polymorphisms rs17878486, rs5934997, and rs5933871 of AMELX gene and Early Childhood Caries (ECC). MATERIALS AND METHODS This case-control study was conducted on 200 participants, aged 3-6 years, with 100 controls and 100 children with ECC. A questionnaire was used to collect demographic data, birth-weight, type of delivery, oral hygiene practices, feeding history and 24-h diet diary. DNA was isolated from blood and subjected to PCR followed by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS The CC genotype of rs17878486 showed an OR of 1.93 (0.34-10.81; P = 0.73). In a recessive model, the CC genotype of rs17878486 reported an OR of 2.04 (0.36-11.40; P = 0.68); rs5593871 reported an OR of 1.00 (0.31-3.21). Statistically significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) between genotype and allele frequencies of rs17878486, rs5934997, and rs5933871 were not observed between children with ECC and the controls. CONCLUSION Polymorphisms of AMELX gene did not show a significant association with ECC in this population. However, documentation of genetic data in a global context of ECC may be essential for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sharma
- Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research (CECCRe), Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Pillayarkuppam, Pondicherry, India
| | - M S Muthu
- Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research (CECCRe), Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India.
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.
| | - V Vettriselvi
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - S Nuvvula
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Nellore, India
| | - T Gayathri
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
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Ajith A, Subbiah U. In silico screening of non-synonymous SNPs in human TUFT1 gene. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:95. [PMID: 37801178 PMCID: PMC10558407 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00551-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuftelin 1 (TUFT1) gene is important in the development and mineralization of dental enamel. The study aimed to identify potential functionally deleterious non-synonymous SNPs (nsSNPs) in the TUFT1 gene by using different in silico tools. The deleterious missense SNPs were identified from SIFT, PolyPhen-2, PROVEAN, SNPs & GO, PANTHER, and SNAP2. The stabilization, conservation, and three-dimensional modeling of mutant proteins were analyzed by I-Mutant 3.0, Consurf, and Project HOPE, respectively. The protein-protein interaction using STRING, GeneMANIA for gene-gene interaction, and DynaMut for evaluating the impact of the mutation on protein stability, conformation, and flexibility. RESULTS Eight deleterious nsSNPs (E242A, R303W, K182N, K123N, R117W, H289Q, R203W, and Q107R) out of 304 were found to have high-risk damaging effects using six in silico tools. Among them, K182N and K123N alone had increased stability, whereas E242A, R303W, R117W, H289Q, Q107R, and R203W exhibited a decrease in protein stability, based on DDG values. Meanwhile, all the eight deleterious nsSNPs altered the size, charge, hydrophobicity, and spatial organization of the amino acids and predominantly had alpha helix domains. These deleterious variants were located in highly conserved regions except R203W. Protein-protein interaction predicted that TUFT1 interacted with ten proteins that are involved in enamel mineralization and odontogenesis. Gene-gene interaction network showed that TUFT1 is involved in physical interactions, gene co-localization, and pathway interactions. DynaMut ΔΔG values predicted that five nsSNPs were destabilizing the protein, ΔΔG ENCoM values showed a destabilizing effect for all mutants, and seven nsSNPs increased the molecular flexibility of TUFT1. CONCLUSION Our study predicted eight functional SNPs that had detrimental effects on the structure and function of the TUFT1 gene. This will aid in the development of candidate deleterious markers as a potential target for disease diagnosis and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athira Ajith
- Human Genetics Research Centre, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, 600 100, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Usha Subbiah
- Human Genetics Research Centre, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, 600 100, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Besnard C, Marie A, Sasidharan S, Harper RA, Shelton RM, Landini G, Korsunsky AM. Synchrotron X-ray Studies of the Structural and Functional Hierarchies in Mineralised Human Dental Enamel: A State-of-the-Art Review. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:98. [PMID: 37185477 PMCID: PMC10137518 DOI: 10.3390/dj11040098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hard dental tissues possess a complex hierarchical structure that is particularly evident in enamel, the most mineralised substance in the human body. Its complex and interlinked organisation at the Ångstrom (crystal lattice), nano-, micro-, and macro-scales is the result of evolutionary optimisation for mechanical and functional performance: hardness and stiffness, fracture toughness, thermal, and chemical resistance. Understanding the physical-chemical-structural relationships at each scale requires the application of appropriately sensitive and resolving probes. Synchrotron X-ray techniques offer the possibility to progress significantly beyond the capabilities of conventional laboratory instruments, i.e., X-ray diffractometers, and electron and atomic force microscopes. The last few decades have witnessed the accumulation of results obtained from X-ray scattering (diffraction), spectroscopy (including polarisation analysis), and imaging (including ptychography and tomography). The current article presents a multi-disciplinary review of nearly 40 years of discoveries and advancements, primarily pertaining to the study of enamel and its demineralisation (caries), but also linked to the investigations of other mineralised tissues such as dentine, bone, etc. The modelling approaches informed by these observations are also overviewed. The strategic aim of the present review was to identify and evaluate prospective avenues for analysing dental tissues and developing treatments and prophylaxis for improved dental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Besnard
- MBLEM, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Ali Marie
- MBLEM, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Sisini Sasidharan
- MBLEM, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Robert A. Harper
- School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, 5 Mill Pool Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham B5 7EG, West Midlands, UK
| | - Richard M. Shelton
- School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, 5 Mill Pool Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham B5 7EG, West Midlands, UK
| | - Gabriel Landini
- School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, 5 Mill Pool Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham B5 7EG, West Midlands, UK
| | - Alexander M. Korsunsky
- MBLEM, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, Oxfordshire, UK
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Chisini LA, Santos FDC, de Carvalho RV, Horta BL, Tovo-Rodrigues L, Demarco FF, Correa MB. Impact of tooth mineral tissues genes on dental caries: a birth-cohort study. J Dent 2023; 133:104505. [PMID: 37031884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate whether Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms present in the genes of tooth mineral tissues influence dental caries trajectory across the life course, and if there is an epistatic (gene-gene) interaction between these SNPs. METHODS A representative sample of all 5,914 births from the 1982 Pelotas birth cohort study was prospectively investigated. Dental caries trajectory across the life course was assessed at 15(n=888), 24(n=720), and 31 years old(n=539). Group-based trajectory modelling was used to identify distinct subgroups of individuals whose caries measurements followed a similar pattern over time. Genetic material was collected, and individuals were genotyped [rs4970957(TUFT1), rs1711437(MMP20), rs1784418(MMP20), rs2252070(MMP13), rs243847(MMP2), rs2303466(DLX3), rs11656951(DLX3), rs7501477(TIMP2), rs388286(BMP7), and rs5997096(TFIP11)]. Analyzes were performed for allele and genotype using logistic regression and generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction for epistatic interactions. RESULTS The analyses included 678 individuals, those with allele C (OR=0.74, CI95%[0.59-0.92]), genotype CC in the additive effect (OR=0.52, CI95%[0.31-0.89]), and the genotype TC/CC in dominant effect (OR=0.72, CI95%[0.53-0.98]) on the rs243847(MMP2) were associated with low caries trajectory. Individuals with the allele T (OR=0.79, CI95%[0.64-0.98]) and the genotype TC/CC in dominant effect (OR=0.66, CI95%[0.47-0.95]) on the rs5997096(TFIP11) were associated with low caries trajectory. Positive epistatic interactions were observed involving two (MMP2 and BMP7; p=0.006) and three (TUFT1, MMP2, and TFIP11; p<0.001) loci and high caries trajectory. CONCLUSIONS Some SNPs present in the genes of tooth mineral tissues were associated with caries trajectory and epistatic interactions increasing the network of SNPs involved in individual caries experience. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the pathway of tooth mineral tissues genes may contribute significantly to the individual caries experience across the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Alexandre Chisini
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil. Address: 457, Gonçalves Chaves St. 5th floor, Pelotas, Brazil 96015-560.
| | - Francine da Costa Santos
- Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University Pelotas, Address: 1160, Marechal Deodoro St. Pelotas, RS, Brazil 96020-220.
| | - Rodrigo Varella de Carvalho
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, MG, Brazil. Address: 745, São Paulo St., Governador Valadares, Brazil 35010-180.
| | - Bernardo Lessa Horta
- Post Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University Pelotas, Address: 1160, Marechal Deodoro St. Pelotas, RS Brazil 96020-220.
| | - Luciana Tovo-Rodrigues
- PhD, Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University Pelotas, Address: 1160, Marechal Deodoro St. Pelotas, RS, Brazil 96020-220.
| | - Flávio Fernando Demarco
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil. Address: 457, Gonçalves Chaves St. 5th floor, Pelotas, Brazil 96015-560.
| | - Marcos Britto Correa
- DDS, MSc, PhD. Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil. Address: 457, Gonçalves Chaves St. 5th floor, Pelotas, Brazil 96015-560.
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Malekipour MH, Shirani F, Moradi S, Taherkhani A. Cinnamic acid derivatives as potential matrix metalloproteinase-9 inhibitors: molecular docking and dynamics simulations. Genomics Inform 2023; 21:e9. [PMID: 37037467 PMCID: PMC10085732 DOI: 10.5808/gi.22077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is a zinc and calcium-dependent proteolytic enzyme involved in extracellular matrix degradation. Overexpression of MMP-9 has been confirmed in several disorders, including cancers, Alzheimer′s disease, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and dental caries. Therefore, MMP-9 inhibition is recommended as a therapeutic strategy for combating various diseases. Cinnamic acid derivatives have shown therapeutic effects in different cancers, Alzheimer′s disease, cardiovascular diseases, and dental caries. A computational drug discovery approach was performed to evaluate the binding affinity of selected cinnamic acid derivatives to the MMP-9 active site. The stability of docked poses for top-ranked compounds was also examined. Twelve herbal cinnamic acid derivatives were tested for possible MMP-9 inhibition using the AutoDock 4.0 tool. The stability of the docked poses for the most potent MMP-9 inhibitors was assessed by molecular dynamics (MD) in 10 nanosecond simulations. Interactions between the best MMP-9 inhibitors in this study and residues incorporated in the MMP-9 active site were studied before and after MD simulations. Cynarin, chlorogenic acid, and rosmarinic acid revealed a considerable binding affinity to the MMP-9 catalytic domain (ΔGbinding < -10 kcal/mol). The inhibition constant value for cynarin and chlorogenic acid were calculated at the picomolar scale and assigned as the most potent MMP-9 inhibitor from the cinnamic acid derivatives. The root-mean-square deviations for cynarin and chlorogenic acid were below 2 Å in the 10 ns simulation. Cynarin, chlorogenic acid, and rosmarinic acid might be considered drug candidates for MMP-9 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Malekipour
- Dental Students Research Center, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Shirani
- Dental Research Center, Dental Research Institute, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Shadi Moradi
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan 6517838678, Iran
| | - Amir Taherkhani
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6517838678, Iran
- Corresponding author E-mail:
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Sharma A, Patil SS, Muthu MS, Venkatesan V, Kirubakaran R, Nuvvula S, Arockiam S. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of enamel formation genes and early childhood caries - systematic review, gene-based, gene cluster and meta-analysis. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2023; 41:3-15. [PMID: 37282406 DOI: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_78_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Genetic polymorphisms of genes regulating amelogenesis can alter susceptibility to Early Childhood Caries (ECC). This systematic review aims to analyze associations between single-nucleotide polymorphisms of enamel formation genes and ECC. Methods Search was conducted across PUBMED, CINAHL, LILACS, SCOPUS, EMBASE, Web of Science, Genome-Wide Association Studies databases from January 2003 to September 2022. This was supplemented by hand search. Totally 7124 articles were identified and 21 articles that satisfied the inclusion criteria proceeded to data extraction. Quality assessment was done using the Q-Genie tool. Results Quantitative synthesis revealed that homozygous genotype AA of rs12640848 was significantly higher in children with ECC with an odds ratio of 2.36. Gene-based analysis revealed significant association between six variants of AMBN, four variants of KLK4, two variants of MMP20, and a single variant of each of MMP9 and MMP13 genes and ECC. The Bonferroni corrected-log10 P value of amelogenesis gene Cluster was 2.25 (0.05/88 = 5.6 × 10-4). Search Tool for Retrieval of Interacting Genes and Proteins plot constructed to comprehend the protein-protein interaction revealed the presence of four functional clusters. Gene function prediction using Multiple Association Network Integration Algorithm revealed that physical interaction between these genes was 69.3%. Conclusion Polymorphisms of genes regulating amelogenesis can influence the susceptibility to ECC. AA genotype of rs12640848 may increase the susceptibility to ECC. Gene-based analysis revealed a significant association between multiple polymorphisms of genes regulating amelogenesis and ECC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Sharma
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Early Childhood Caries and Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu; Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Puducherry, India
| | - Sneha S Patil
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu; Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - M S Muthu
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Centre for Early Childhood Caries and Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vettriselvi Venkatesan
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Richard Kirubakaran
- South Asian Cochrane Network and Centre, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sivakumar Nuvvula
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Selva Arockiam
- Department of Orthodontics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Polymorphisms in genes expressed during amelogenesis and their association with dental caries: a case–control study. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 27:1681-1695. [PMID: 36422720 PMCID: PMC10102052 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04794-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Dental caries is a widespread multifactorial disease, caused by the demineralization of hard dental tissues. Susceptibility to dental caries is partially genetically conditioned; this study was aimed at finding an association of selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding proteins involved in amelogenesis with this disease in children.
Materials and methods
In this case–control study, 15 SNPs in ALOX15, AMBN, AMELX, KLK4, TFIP11, and TUFT1 genes were analyzed in 150 children with primary dentition and 611 children with permanent teeth with/without dental caries from the European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ELSPAC) cohort.
Results
Dental caries in primary dentition was associated with SNPs in AMELX (rs17878486) and KLK4 (rs198968, rs2242670), and dental caries in permanent dentition with SNPs in AMELX (rs17878486) and KLK4 (rs2235091, rs2242670, rs2978642), (p ≤ 0.05). No significant differences between cases and controls were observed in the allele or genotype frequencies of any of the selected SNPs in ALOX15, AMBN, TFIP11, and TUFT1 genes (p > 0.05). Some KLK4 haplotypes were associated with dental caries in permanent dentition (p ≤ 0.05).
Conclusions
Based on this study, we found that although the SNPs in AMELX and KLK4 are localized in intronic regions and their functional significance has not yet been determined, they are associated with susceptibility to dental caries in children.
Clinical relevance
AMELX and KLK4 variants could be considered in the risk assessment of dental caries, especially in permanent dentition, in the European Caucasian population.
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Vieira AR, Modesto A. Oral microbiome-dental caries associated genotypes analysis of 6- to 19-year-old individuals shows novel associations. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.875953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The need to determine risk factors for complex diseases continues to drive efforts of identification of etiological factors of common conditions. Molecular tools have created new opportunities to identify risk factors that may act interactively. The goal of this work was exploring potential interactions between oral microbial species and common genetic variants. Ninety-two 6- to 19-year-old individuals recruited through the University of Pittsburgh Dental Registry and DNA Repository project that had oral microbiome and genotyping of 44 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data available were studied. Over-representation of alleles between individuals with or without particular microorganisms was determined using chi-square or Fisher's exact tests. Alpha of 0.001, to account for multiple testing (0.05/44), was considered statistically significant. Associations were found between Candida albicans and enamelin rs3796704 (p = 0.0006), and Staphylococcus epidermidis and tuftelin rs3828054 (p = 0.001). Microbiota and their metabolites might predispose oral disease when interacting with the host genetic variation and future studies should address their causal roles in oral disease.
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Zhou X, Li H, Zhu C, Yuan C, Meng C, Feng S, Sun X, Zheng S. Analysis of salivary proteomic biomarkers for the surveillance of changes in high-risk status of early childhood caries. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:572. [PMID: 34749719 PMCID: PMC8573911 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01930-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early childhood caries is an urgent public health concern. The aim of this study was to investigate salivary proteomic biomarkers for the surveillance of changes in the high-risk status of early childhood caries. The process involves the screening of specific salivary peptides that were differentially expressed only under dynamic changes in individual caries status. Methods Stimulated whole saliva samples were collected from 28 kindergarten children aged 3–4 years in Beijing at baseline and 3 months and 6 months after baseline. A total of 68 samples were collected. In terms of their caries status and progress during the observation period, participants were divided into 3 groups; 7 in the non-caries recurrence group, 6 in the caries recurrence group, and 15 in the healthy control group. Salivary peptides that exhibited no significant differences in cross-sectional comparisons between different groups of caries status but only expressed differentially along with dynamic changes of individual caries were screened using the technique of magnetic beads combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The technique of liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) was employed to identify the proteins from which these peptides were derived. Results We found two salivary peptides differentially expressed only under dynamic changes in individual caries status in the above comparisons; mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) values of the two peptides were 1045.9 and 2517.6, respectively (P < 0.05). Principal component analysis (PCA) and the decision tree model based on these two peptides showed an acceptable distinguishing ability for changes in the high-risk status of early childhood caries. The source proteins of the two peptides with m/z values of 1045.9 and 2517.6 were identified as submandibular gland androgen regulatory protein 3B (SMR-3B) and mucin-7, respectively. Conclusions Two proteins in children’s saliva, namely SMR-3B and mucin-7, have the potentiality to serve as candidate biomarkers for dynamic surveillance of changes in high-risk status of early childhood caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhu Zhou
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Haozhe Li
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Ce Zhu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, PR China.,Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
| | - Chao Yuan
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Chunhua Meng
- Second Kindergarten in Asian Games Village, Chaoyang Disctrict, Beijing, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - Shulan Feng
- Second Kindergarten in Asian Games Village, Chaoyang Disctrict, Beijing, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - Xiangyu Sun
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
| | - Shuguo Zheng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, PR China.
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11
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Genetic Aspects of Dental Erosive Wear and Dental Caries. Int J Dent 2021; 2021:5566733. [PMID: 34335772 PMCID: PMC8292068 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5566733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The present review aims to give an overview of the literature focusing on novel genetic aspects of dental erosion and dental caries. Once the tooth erupts into the oral cavity, the regenerative capability of enamel is fundamentally limited due to the loss of dental epithelium during eruption. The susceptibility or resistance to dental erosion and caries is presumably a result of environmental, phenotypic, and/or genetic influence. Even though it is evident that individuals frequently exposing their teeth to acid and sugar are at high risk of developing dental erosion and caries, the findings exclusively based on these factors are elusive. Data resources and study selection. The present review was based on data collected from the National Library of Medicine database with different combinations of the following terms: "tooth," "dental," "dentin," "enamel," "erosion," "erosive wear," "caries," "decay," "gene," and "genetic." A total of forty-six studies met the inclusion criteria. Data were extracted by one reviewer and verified by another. Conclusion The high prevalence of erosion and caries among certain groups, and observations that not all individuals appearing to be at risk develop these lesions, has sparked research on identifying genetic effects to these conditions. A connection of genome-wide and candidate gene studies has increased considerably in the literature. This review reveals largely varying success among studies, demonstrating the difficulties of developing the study with adequate sample sizes and durable phenotype definitions that permit enough statistical power to identify genetic contributors.
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Sharifi R, Shayan A, Jamshidy L, Mozaffari HR, Hatipoğlu Ö, Tadakamadla SK, Sadeghi M. A systematic review and meta-analysis of CA VI, AMBN, and TUFT1 polymorphisms and dental caries risk. Meta Gene 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2021.100866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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13
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Lawrence J, Stojanowski CM, Paul KS, Seidel AC, Guatelli-Steinberg D. Heterogeneous frailty and the expression of linear enamel hypoplasia in a genealogical population. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2021; 176:638-651. [PMID: 33852741 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) is a common skeletal marker of physiological stress (e.g., malnutrition or illness) that is studied within and across populations, without reference to familial risk. We examine LEH prevalence in a population with known genealogical relationships to determine the potential influence of genetic heritability and shared environment. METHODS LEH data of 239 individuals from a single population were recorded from the Ohio State University Menegaz-Bock collection dental casts. All individuals were of known age, sex, and genealogy. Narrow-sense heritability estimates were obtained for LEH presence and count data from all unworn, fully erupted teeth (excluding third molars) using SOLAR (v.8.1.1). Age, sex, and age-sex interaction were included as covariates. Models were re-run with a household effect variable. RESULTS LEH persists across generations in this study population with moderate, significant heritability estimates for presence in four teeth, and count in four teeth (three teeth were significant for both). When a household effect variable was added, no residual heritability remained for LEH count on any tooth. There was no significant household effect for three of the four teeth that had significant heritability estimates for LEH presence. Age was a significant covariate. Further analyses with birth year data revealed a secular trend toward less LEH. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence for familial risk of LEH (genetic and environmental) that has consequences for the broad use of this skeletal marker of stress. These results have repercussions for archaeological assemblages, or population health studies, where genetic relatives and household groups might be heavily represented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Lawrence
- Center for Bioarchaeological Research, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Christopher M Stojanowski
- Center for Bioarchaeological Research, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Kathleen S Paul
- Department of Anthropology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Andrew C Seidel
- Center for Bioarchaeological Research, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
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Prediction of Early Childhood Caries Based on Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Using Neural Networks. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12040462. [PMID: 33805090 PMCID: PMC8064067 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Several genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been associated with early childhood caries. However, they are highly age- and population-dependent and the majority of existing caries prediction models are based on environmental and behavioral factors only and are scarce in infants. Methods: We examined 6 novel and previously analyzed 22 SNPs in the cohort of 95 Polish children (48 caries, 47 caries-free) aged 2–3 years. All polymorphisms were genotyped from DNA extracted from oral epithelium samples. We used Fisher’s exact test, receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve and uni-/multi-variable logistic regression to test the association of SNPs with the disease, followed by the neural network (NN) analysis. Results: The logistic regression (LogReg) model showed 90% sensitivity and 96% specificity, overall accuracy of 93% (p < 0.0001), and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.970 (95% CI: 0.912–0.994; p < 0.0001). We found 90.9–98.4% and 73.6–87.2% prediction accuracy in the test and validation predictions, respectively. The strongest predictors were: AMELX_rs17878486 and TUFT1_rs2337360 (in both LogReg and NN), MMP16_rs1042937 (in NN) and ENAM_rs12640848 (in LogReg). Conclusions: Neural network prediction model might be a substantial tool for screening/early preventive treatment of patients at high risk of caries development in the early childhood. The knowledge of potential risk status could allow early targeted training in oral hygiene and modifications of eating habits.
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15
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Çağırır Dindaroğlu F, Eronat N, Durmaz A, Çoğulu D, Durmaz B, Çoğulu Ö. The association between genetic polymorphisms in matrix metalloproteinases and caries experience. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:5403-5410. [PMID: 33638713 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-03848-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The variation in the caries susceptibility while environmental factors are similar indicates that the effect of individual factors such as genetics on caries process and tooth development should be revealed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between genetic polymorphisms in MMP13 (rs2252070) and MMP20 (rs1784418) with caries experience. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 subjects aged 6 to 14 years. Demographic data, data on oral health habits were obtained through the statements of guardian of the individuals, caries data was collected by clinical examination. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected to extract the genomic DNA. Genotyping of the selected polymorphisms was carried out by real-time PCR. Allele and genotype frequencies were compared between different subgroups considering caries experience. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0 by chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Allele distribution of MMP13 was different between caries-affected and caries-free subjects. MMP13 A allele increased the caries risk (p=0.005, OR=1.84, 95% CI 1.20-2.82). Allele and genotype distribution of the polymorphism in MMP20 were not associated with caries experience (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that the genetic variation in MMP13 was associated with the caries experience in selected subjects in Turkey. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The knowledge regarding association between the MMP genes and caries experience, might benefit the clinical practice, improving caries-preventive and caries-therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funda Çağırır Dindaroğlu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey. .,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Nesrin Eronat
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Asude Durmaz
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Dilşah Çoğulu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Burak Durmaz
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Özgür Çoğulu
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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16
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Elyassi Gorji N, Nasiri P, Malekzadeh Shafaroudi A, Moosazadeh M. Comparison of dental caries (DMFT and DMFS indices) between asthmatic patients and control group in Iran: a meta-analysis. Asthma Res Pract 2021; 7:2. [PMID: 33541418 PMCID: PMC7863474 DOI: 10.1186/s40733-021-00068-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The association between caries index, which is diagnosed by Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT), and asthma has been assessed in several studies, which yielded contradictory results. Meta-analysis is the statistical procedure for combining data from multiple studies and reducing the differences among parameters due to the increased number of studies involved in the analysis process. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the relationship between dental caries using decayed, missing, filled teeth indices (DMFT, dmft, and DMFS indices) and asthma using meta-analysis. Methods Databases were searched using such keywords as “Asthma,” “Caries,” “DMFT,” “DMFS,” “Iran,” and OR operators, AND, and NOT. After the elimination of duplicate documentation, the articles which met the inclusion criteria were selected. Quality assessment was performed based on the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Checklist (NOS). After that, standardized mean difference (SMD) of DMFT, dmft, and Decayed, Missing, and Filled Surfaces (DMFS) indices were estimated. Results The number of 10 evidence was extracted out of nine studies in which mean oral health indices were compared between asthmatic patients and the control group. Out of 10 evidences that examined the association of DMFT, dmft, and DMFS with asthma, these indices were higher in asthmatic patients than the control group in seven cases. In three cases, these differences were statistically significant. The SMD of DMFT, dmft, and DMFS indices between asthmatic patients and the control group at the confidence level of 95% were reported as 0.29 (− 0.05, 0.62), 0.48 (− 0.20, 1.17), and − 0.05(− 0.30, 0.21), respectively. Conclusion According to the results, the prevalence of dental caries is higher among patients with asthma than in the control group. Therefore, having asthma could be considered a risk factor for the development of dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Elyassi Gorji
- Dentistry Student, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Pegah Nasiri
- Dentistry Student, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ali Malekzadeh Shafaroudi
- Dentistry Student, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahmood Moosazadeh
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. .,Health Science Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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17
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Kelly AM, Bezamat M, Modesto A, Vieira AR. Biomarkers for Lifetime Caries-Free Status. J Pers Med 2020; 11:jpm11010023. [PMID: 33396693 PMCID: PMC7824168 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to address the hypothesis that extreme outcomes of dental caries, such as edentulism
or prematurely losing permanent teeth are associated with genetic variation in enamel-formation genes. After scanning 6206 individuals, samples of 330 were selected for this study. Tested phenotypes included patients who were edentulous by age 30, patients with missing first molars by age 30, patients with missing second molars by age 30, and caries-free patients. Fourteen single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped by TaqMan chemistry. The analyses of each phenotype were performed using the software PLINK with an alpha of 0.05. Nominal associations were found between rs12640848 in enamelin (p = 0.05), rs1784418 in matrix metallopeptidase 20 (p = 0.02), and rs5997096 in the tuftelin interacting protein 11 and being caries-free at the age of 60. When combining patients that were missing both first mandibular molars and missing both second mandibular molars, no associations were found. Matrix metallopeptidase 20, and tuftelin interacting protein 11 also showed trends for association with being caries-free. Genetic variation in TFIP11, MMP20, and ENAM may have a protective effect increasing the chances of individuals preserving their teeth caries-free over a lifetime.
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18
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Vieira AR, Modesto A. Amelogenesis Imperfecta Enamel Changes, Amelogenin, and Dental Caries Susceptibility. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2020.613851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is great interest in identifying the subset of individuals in the population that are more susceptible to dental caries. We proposed that a portion of these particular individuals are more susceptible to dental caries due to changes in dental enamel that are related to amelogenin genomic variation. However, apparently amelogenin function can be impacted by inflammation, and this can lead to small changes in the structure of the dental enamel that later in life increases the risk of dental caries.
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Randazzo AC, Burnheimer JM, Bayram M, Seymen F, Vieira AR. Genetic polymorphisms influence shear bond resistance of orthodontic brackets. J World Fed Orthod 2020; 9:101-105. [PMID: 32943154 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine if shear bond resistance of orthodontic brackets bonded to enamel is associated with genes implicated in the enamel mineralization process. METHODS Ninety-two permanent, caries-free premolars extracted for orthodontic purposes and their associated saliva samples were obtained. Eighteen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were studied for association with shear bond resistance. The genes of interest in this study were those previously associated with dental caries by our group. All tooth samples were bonded on the buccal surface with metallic lower lateral brackets, and then subjected to physical debonding. The force required to debond the bracket was recorded in Newtons (N) and converted to a shear bond resistance value in Megapascals (N/mm2). The data were analyzed for statistical significance as compared with the mean shear bond resistance value via PLINK whole genome analysis software. RESULTS Associations were found between the SNPs for tuftelin (rs7526319, P = 0.004) and amelogenin (rs17878486, P = 0.04) and a higher shear bond resistance. CONCLUSION The collected data support the proposed hypothesis that genes involved in the mineralization process affect the bonding of orthodontic brackets, and such an association is of value for the field of orthodontics, particularly in evaluating the efficacy of enamel-resin bond strength for patients receiving treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Randazzo
- Student, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - John M Burnheimer
- Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Merve Bayram
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pedodontics, School of Dentistry, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Figen Seymen
- Professor, Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alexandre R Vieira
- Professor, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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20
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Genes in the pathway of tooth mineral tissues and dental caries risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 24:3723-3738. [PMID: 32945961 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-03146-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To perform a systematic review of the literature, investigating the influence of tooth mineral tissues genes on dental caries. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five databases were searched. Only human studies with cross-sectional, longitudinal, and case-control design were included. Meta-analysis was performed for each polymorphism, providing allele and genotype estimates. A meta-analysis was performed, pooling several polymorphisms for each gene. A Funnel Plot and Egger's test were also performed. RESULTS A total of 1124 records were found. Of these, 25 papers were included in the systematic review and 18 in the meta-analysis. Most of the studies (52%) were of medium quality. With regard to the allele analysis, the T allele of rs134136 (TFIP11) (OR 1.51; 95%CI 1.02-2.22) showed an association with high experience of caries and the summarization of polymorphisms investigated in the TFIP11 gene, after exclusion of SNP linkage disequilibrium, showed an association with caries experience (OR 1.64; 95%CI 1.08-2.50). An analysis of the homozygous genotype did not show any significant association. The pooled SNPs of AMBN showed associations with caries (OR 0.45; 95%CI 0.29-0.72). The pooled polymorphisms of AMELX were associated with caries experience (OR 1.78; 95%CI 1.23-2.56). In the analysis of the homozygous genotype, no SNP showed a significant association. Egger's test showed no significant publication bias for all models (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The present findings showed that the genes TFIP11, AMBN, and AMELX play an important role in dental caries. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Several single nucleotide polymorphisms related to the genes in the formation of tooth mineral are linked to the occurrence of dental caries, and these genes have proved to be important for an explanation of differences in the risk of dental caries.
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21
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YILDIZ TELATAR G, SAYDAM F. Lack of Association between Enamel Gene Variants and Dental Caries in Adults. CUMHURIYET DENTAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.7126/cumudj.690129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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22
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Koohpeima F, Derakhshan M, Mokhtari MJ. AMELX Gene Association with Dental Caries in Iranian Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MEDICINE 2020; 8:294-300. [PMID: 32587839 PMCID: PMC7305461 DOI: 10.22088/ijmcm.bums.8.4.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Dental decay is a disease that is greatly affected by environmental components, but recently there have been an increasing number of documents supporting a genetic factor in the development of caries. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between dental caries and single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the AMELX gene. This research was carried out on 360 individuals of both sexes, who were referred to the dental school at the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. In this research, individuals aged 20–65 years were divided into two groups: controls (decayed, missed, or filled teeth (DMFT) ≤ 5; n = 180) and cases (DMFT ≥ 14; n = 180). The tetra-primer ARMS-PCR technique was performed for genotyping the DNA extracted from blood cells. Analysis of the AMELX rs946252 polymorphism showed that the T allele of rs946252 was a significant protective factor against dental caries in Iranian adults (T vs. C: OR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.49–0.98, P = 0.04). We demonstrated the significant differences in the genotype frequencies under two genetic models: overdominant (TC vs. TT + CC: OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.19–0.64, P = 0.0006) and recessive (CC vs. TC + TT: OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.39–4.76, P = 0.002). Our results show that the SNPs of the AMELX gene may be related with susceptibility to dental caries in Iranian adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Koohpeima
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Biomaterial Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Derakhshan
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Biomaterial Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Mokhtari
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Department of Biology, Zarghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zarghan, Iran
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Wang Y, Bandyopadhyay D, Shaffer JR, Wu X. Gene-Based Association Mapping for Dental Caries in The GENEVA Consortium. JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY AND DENTAL MEDICINE 2020; 3:156. [PMID: 34622142 PMCID: PMC8494074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dental caries is a multifactorial disease with high prevalence in both children and adults. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have revealed that genetic factors play an important role in caries incidence. However, existing methods are not sufficient to identify caries-associated genes, due to the complex correlation structure of caries GWAS data, and lack of appropriate summarization at the gene level. This paper attempts to address that by analyzing data from the Gene, Environment Association Studies (GENEVA) consortium. METHODS We investigated gene-based genetic associations for dental caries based on genome-wide data derived from the GENEVA database, with adjustment to covariates, linkage disequilibrium among single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and family relations, in sampled individuals. RESULTS Several suggestive genes were identified, in which some of them have been previously found to have potential biological functions on cariogenesis. CONCLUSIONS By comparing the gene sets identified from gene-based and SNP-based association testing methods, we found a non-negligible overlap, which indicates that our gene-based analysis can provide substantial supplement to the traditional GWAS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyao Wang
- Department of Statistics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | | | - John R. Shaffer
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Xiaowei Wu
- Department of Statistics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, VA
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24
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Kelly AM, Kallistova A, Küchler EC, Romanos HF, Lips A, Costa MC, Modesto A, Vieira AR. Measuring the Microscopic Structures of Human Dental Enamel Can Predict Caries Experience. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10010005. [PMID: 32024259 PMCID: PMC7151622 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The hierarchical structure of enamel gives insight on the properties of enamel and can influence its strength and ultimately caries experience. Currently, past caries experience is quantified using the decayed, missing, filled teeth/decayed, missing, filled surface (DMFT/DMFS for permanent teeth; dmft/dmfs for primary teeth), or international caries detection and assessment system (ICDAS) scores. By analyzing the structure of enamel, a new measurement can be utilized clinically to predict susceptibility to future caries experience based on a patient's individual's biomarkers. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that number of prisms by square millimeter in enamel and average gap distance between prisms and interprismatic areas, influence caries experience through genetic variation of the genes involved in enamel formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of enamel from primary teeth were used to measure (i) number of prisms by square millimeter and interprismatic spaces, (ii) prism density, and (iii) gap distances between prisms in the enamel samples. The measurements were tested to explore a genetic association with variants of selected genes and correlations with caries experience based on the individual's DMFT+ dmft score and enamel microhardness at baseline, after an artificial lesion was created and after the artificial lesion was treated with fluoride. RESULTS Associations were found between variants of genes including ameloblastin, amelogenin, enamelin, tuftelin, tuftelin interactive protein 11, beta defensin 1, matrix metallopeptidase 20 and enamel structure variables measured (number of prisms by square millimeter in enamel and average gap distance between prisms and interprismatic areas). Significant correlations were found between caries experience and microhardness and enamel structure. Negative correlations were found between number of prisms by square millimeter and high caries experience (r value= -0.71), gap distance between prisms and the enamel microhardness after an artificial lesion was created (r value= -0.70), and gap distance between prisms and the enamel microhardness after an artificial lesion was created and then treated with fluoride (r value= -0.81). There was a positive correlation between number of prisms by square millimeter and prism density of the enamel (r value = 0.82). CONCLUSIONS Our data support that genetic variation may impact enamel formation, and therefore influence susceptibility to dental caries and future caries experience. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The evaluation of enamel structure that may impact caries experience allows for hypothesizing that the identification of individuals at higher risk for dental caries and implementation of personalized preventative treatments may one day become a reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana M. Kelly
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (A.M.K.); (E.C.K.)
| | - Anna Kallistova
- Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Resources, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, Prague 2, Czech;
- Institute of Geology of the CAS, v.v.i., Rozvojová 269, Prague 6, Czech
| | - Erika C. Küchler
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (A.M.K.); (E.C.K.)
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-901, Brazil; (H.F.R.); (M.C.C.)
| | - Helena F. Romanos
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-901, Brazil; (H.F.R.); (M.C.C.)
| | - Andrea Lips
- Clinical Research Unit, Fluminense Federal University, Niteról 24020, Brazil;
| | - Marcelo C. Costa
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-901, Brazil; (H.F.R.); (M.C.C.)
| | - Adriana Modesto
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
| | - Alexandre R. Vieira
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (A.M.K.); (E.C.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Cavallari T, Arima LY, Ferrasa A, Moysés SJ, Tetu Moysés S, Hirochi Herai R, Iani Werneck R. Dental caries: Genetic and protein interactions. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 108:104522. [PMID: 31476523 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present a genetic and protein interaction analysis associated with dental caries. MATERIAL AND METHODS The first step was to conduct a systematic literature review (SLR) through an electronic database search. Case-controls that reported associations between genes and dental caries were the main type of study design used as inclusion criteria, retrieved from the PubMed and the Virtual Health Library databases, comprising the chronological range from 1982 to 2017. The SLR was guided by PRISMA protocol and the methodological quality of the studies was established through Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). In the second step, the String Protein Interaction (SPI) approach was used to analyze protein interaction (by esyN software) and also the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) to check biological pathways associated with dental caries genes. RESULTS A total of 51 articles were included to perform this SLR, describing a number of 27 genes associated with dental caries development. At the genetic level, 23 genes have at least one other gene with which they interact. The genes TUFT1, VDR, TFIP11, LTF, HLA-DRB1, MMP2, MMP3 and MUC5B were shown to be connected in interactive networks by at least 10 other genes. CONCLUSION It is essential to apprehend the multifactorial pattern of inheritance in human disease. This study presents pathways which may be directly correlated with several dental caries phenotype and this contributes to a better understanding of this disease, opening up a wider range of biotechnology options for its effective control in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayla Cavallari
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Dentistry Department, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Rua Imaculada Conceição 1155, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil, 80215-901.
| | - Letícia Yumi Arima
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Dentistry Department, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Rua Imaculada Conceição 1155, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil, 80215-901.
| | - Adriano Ferrasa
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Rua Imaculada Conceição 1155, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil, 80215-901; Informatics Department, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Paraná, Brazil, 84030-900.
| | - Samuel Jorge Moysés
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Dentistry Department, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Rua Imaculada Conceição 1155, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil, 80215-901.
| | - Simone Tetu Moysés
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Dentistry Department, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Rua Imaculada Conceição 1155, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil, 80215-901.
| | - Roberto Hirochi Herai
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences (PPGCS), School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Rua Imaculada Conceição 1155, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil, 80215-901; Research Division, Lico Kaesemodel Institute, Paraná, Brazil, 80240-000.
| | - Renata Iani Werneck
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Dentistry Department, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Rua Imaculada Conceição 1155, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil, 80215-901.
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Watanabe C, Orino D, Shimizu K. Investigation of the effects of the chromosomal regions of mouse chromosome 2 on susceptibility to dental caries using congenic strains. PEDIATRIC DENTAL JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdj.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Mattos MG, Fernandez CA, Masterson D, Maia LC, Neves ADA. Is the caregivers’ oral health related to dental caries in children or adolescents? A systematic review. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 23:3843-3854. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-02814-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Estrogen receptor gene is associated with dental fluorosis in Brazilian children. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:3565-3570. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2778-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Nibali L, Di Iorio A, Tu YK, Vieira AR. Host genetics role in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease and caries. J Clin Periodontol 2018; 44 Suppl 18:S52-S78. [PMID: 27754553 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to produce the latest summary of the evidence for association of host genetic variants contributing to both periodontal diseases and caries. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two systematic searches of the literature were conducted in Ovid Medline, Embase, LILACS and Cochrane Library for large candidate gene studies (CGS), systematic reviews and genome-wide association studies reporting data on host genetic variants and presence of periodontal disease and caries. RESULTS A total of 124 studies were included in the review (59 for the periodontitis outcome and 65 for the caries outcome), from an initial search of 15,487 titles. Gene variants associated with periodontitis were categorized based on strength of evidence and then compared with gene variants associated with caries. Several gene variants showed moderate to strong evidence of association with periodontitis, although none of them had also been associated with the caries trait. CONCLUSIONS Despite some potential aetiopathogenic similarities between periodontitis and caries, no genetic variants to date have clearly been associated with both diseases. Further studies or comparisons across studies with large sample size and clear phenotype definition could shed light into possible shared genetic risk factors for caries and periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Nibali
- Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London (QMUL), London, UK
| | - Anna Di Iorio
- Library Services, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Yu-Kang Tu
- Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Alexandre R Vieira
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Koruyucu M, Kasimoğlu Y, Seymen F, Bayram M, Patir A, Ergöz N, Tuna EB, Gencay K, Deeley K, Bussaneli D, Modesto A, Vieira AR. Rethinking isolated cleft lip and palate as a syndrome. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2018; 125:307-312. [PMID: 29500156 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of the present work was to use dental conditions that have been independently associated with cleft lip and palate (CL/P) as a tool to identify a broader collection of individuals to be used for gene identification that lead to clefts. STUDY DESIGN We studied 1573 DNA samples combining individuals that were born with CL/P or had tooth agenesis, supernumerary teeth, molar incisor hypomineralization, or dental caries with the goal to identify genetic associations. We tested 2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms that were located in the vicinity of regions suggested to contribute to supernumerary teeth. Overrepresentation of alleles were determined for combinations of individuals as well as for each individual phenotypic group with an α of .05. RESULTS We determined that the allele C of rs622260 was overrepresented in all individuals studied compared with a group of unrelated individuals who did not present any of the conditions described earlier. When subgroups were tested, associations were found for individuals with hypomineralization. CONCLUSIONS Although we did not test this hypothesis directly in the present study, based on associations reported previously, we believe that CL/P is actually a syndrome of alterations of the dentition, and considering it that way may allow for the identification of genotype-phenotype correlations that may be useful for clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mine Koruyucu
- Department of Pedodontics, School of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yelda Kasimoğlu
- Department of Pedodontics, School of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Figen Seymen
- Department of Pedodontics, School of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Bayram
- Department of Pedodontics, School of Dentistry, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Asli Patir
- Department of Pedodontics, School of Dentistry, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nihan Ergöz
- Department of Pedodontics, School of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif B Tuna
- Department of Pedodontics, School of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Koray Gencay
- Department of Pedodontics, School of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kathleen Deeley
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Diego Bussaneli
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Adriana Modesto
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alexandre R Vieira
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Weber M, Bogstad Søvik J, Mulic A, Deeley K, Tveit AB, Forella J, Shirey N, Vieira AR. Redefining the Phenotype of Dental Caries. Caries Res 2018; 52:263-271. [PMID: 29393149 DOI: 10.1159/000481414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is a multifactorial infectious disease and a major public health problem estimated to affect 60-90% of school children as well as a vast number of adults. The aim of this work was to define patterns of progression of the disease based on longitudinal data in contrast to using a cross-sectional assessment. dmft/DMFT scores were collected at ages 5, 12, 14, 16, 17, and 18 from 876 individuals. We tested our newly defined phenotypes for association with genetic variants in genes shown to be associated with caries. We generated genotyping data using Taqman chemistry in markers of genes involved in processes such as enamel formation and salivary contributions. Kallikrein 4 (KLK4) was found to show a significant association with the created phenotypes (p = 0.0008 in a recessive model for low caries experience in the primary dentition vs. high caries experience in the primary dentition, and p = 0.0004 in a recessive model for caries free primary dentition vs. high caries experience in the primary dentition).
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Weber
- University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Küchler EC, Dea Bruzamolin C, Ayumi Omori M, Costa MC, Antunes LS, Pecharki GD, Trevilatto PC, Vieira AR, Brancher JA. Polymorphisms in Nonamelogenin Enamel Matrix Genes Are Associated with Dental Fluorosis. Caries Res 2017; 52:1-6. [DOI: 10.1159/000479826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether genetic polymorphisms in AMELX, AMBN, ENAM, TFIP11, and TUFT1 genes are associated with dental fluorosis (DF). A total of 1,017 children from 2 Brazilian cohorts were evaluated. These populations lived in cities with fluoridation of public water supplies. DF was assessed in erupted permanent teeth using the modified Dean index. The polymorphisms rs946252, rs12640848, rs4694075, rs5997096, and rs4970957 were analyzed by real-time PCR from genomic DNA. Associations between DF, genotype, and allele distribution were evaluated using the χ2 test, with an alpha of 5%. The polymorphisms rs4694075, rs5997096, and rs4970957 in AMBN, TFIP11, and TUFT1 were associated with DF (p < 0.05). In conclusion, enamel matrix genes are associated with DF.
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Lack of association between ENAM gene polymorphism and dental caries in primary and permanent teeth in Czech children. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 22:1873-1877. [PMID: 29185146 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2280-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The enamelin gene (ENAM) polymorphism (rs12640848) was recently associated with dental caries in primary teeth in Polish children. The aims of the present study were to prove this association in primary dentition and to find a possible effect of this variant on caries development in permanent dentition in Czech children. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study comprised 905 Czech children. Totally, 187 children aged 2-6 years with primary dentition [78 healthy subjects (with decayed/missing/filled teeth, dmft = 0) and 109 patients with early childhood caries (ECC; dmft ≥ 1)] were included in this case-control study. In addition, 177 subjects aged 13-15 years without caries (DMFT = 0) and 541 children with dental caries (DMFT ≥ 1) in permanent dentition were selected from the ELSPAC study. Genotype determination of the ENAM polymorphism (rs12640848) was based on the TaqMan method. RESULTS No significant differences in the allele or genotype frequencies between the caries-free children and those affected by dental caries were observed in both primary and permanent dentitions. CONCLUSIONS Lack of association between the ENAM polymorphism (rs12640848) and dental caries in Czech children was detected. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Although ENAM is considered as a candidate gene for dental caries, the presence of the ENAM variant (rs12640848) cannot be used as a risk factor of this multifactorial disease in the Czech population.
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Pang L, Zhi Q, Zhuang P, Yu L, Tao Y, Lin H. Variation in Enamel Formation Genes Influences Enamel Demineralization In Vitro in a Streptococcus mutans Biofilm Model. Front Physiol 2017; 8:851. [PMID: 29163197 PMCID: PMC5670349 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic studies have shown that variations in enamel formation genes are associated with caries susceptibility. The aim of this study was to test in vitro whether variants in these genes are associated with dental enamel demineralization in a Streptococcus mutans biofilm model. DNA and enamel samples were obtained from 213 individuals. DNA was extracted from saliva, and 16 single nucleotide polymorphisms were analyzed. The physical and chemical properties of sound enamel samples and the mineral loss and the lesion depth of the demineralized enamel samples under cariogenic challenge were analyzed. Microhardness, enamel chemicals, mineral loss and demineralization depth were compared between different genotypes at each single nucleotide polymorphism. The GG genotype of TUFT1 (rs17640579) and the GT genotype of MMP20 (rs1612069) exhibited increased microhardness (p = 0.044 and 0.016, respectively). The GG genotype of AMBN (rs7694409) had a higher magnesium level, while the CT genotype of TFIP11 (rs2097470) had a lower magnesium level (p = 0.044 and 0.046, respectively). The GT genotype of MMP20 (rs1612069) had a higher calcium level (p = 0.034). The GG genotype of AMBN (rs13115627), the AG genotype of ENAM (rs12640848) and the AA genotype of MMP20 (rs2292730) had a lower phosphorus level (p = 0.012, 0.006, and 0.023, respectively). The GG genotype of AMBN (rs13115627) was also associated with a higher calcium-phosphorus ratio (p = 0.034). Individuals with the CC genotype of TFIP11 (rs134143) exhibited significantly more mineral loss (p = 0.011) and a deeper lesions (p = 0.042). Individuals with the TT genotype of TFIP11 (rs2097470) had more mineral loss (p = 0.018). Individuals with the GG genotype of TUFT1 (rs17640579) exhibited a shallower demineralization depth (p = 0.047). Individuals with the GT genotype of MMP20 (rs1612069) exhibited a shallower demineralization depth (p = 0.042). Individuals with the GG genotype of ENAM (rs12640848) exhibited less mineral loss (p = 0.01) and a shallower demineralization depth (p = 0.03). Genetic variations in TFIP11, TUFT1, MMP20, and ENAM influenced enamel demineralization in a Streptococcus mutans biofilm model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyue Pang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinghui Zhi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peilin Zhuang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixia Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Tao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huancai Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Kastovsky J, Borilova Linhartova P, Musilova K, Zackova L, Kukletova M, Kukla L, Izakovicova Holla L. Lack of Association between BMP2/DLX3 Gene Polymorphisms and Dental Caries in Primary and Permanent Dentitions. Caries Res 2017; 51:590-595. [PMID: 29059672 DOI: 10.1159/000479828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the association between BMP2 (rs1884302) and DLX3 (rs2278163) gene polymorphisms and dental caries in primary and permanent dentitions. A total of 914 subjects were genotyped by the TaqMan methods: 176 caries-free children (with Decayed/Missing/Filled Teeth, DMFT = 0), 542 patients with dental caries in permanent dentition (DMFT ≥1), 83 caries-free children with primary teeth (with decayed/missing/filled teeth, dmft = 0), and 113 children with early childhood caries (ECC, dmft ≥1). There were no significant differences in allele/genotype frequencies between patients with caries in permanent dentition/ECC and caries-free children or between patients with very low (DMFT = 0-2), low (DMFT = 3-5), moderate (DMFT = 6-8), or high (DMFT ≥9) caries experience. Variability in BMP2 and DLX3 was not associated with caries in the Czech population.
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Abstract
Pediatric oral health is determined by the interaction of environmental factors and genetic influences. This is the case for early childhood caries, the most common disease of childhood. The complexity of exogenous-environmental factors interacting with innate biological predispositions results in a continuum of normal variation, as well as oral health and disease outcomes. Optimal oral health and care or precision dentistry warrants comprehensive understanding of these influences and tools enabling intervention on modifiable factors. This article reviews the current knowledge of the genomic basis of pediatric oral health and highlights known and postulated mechanistic pathways of action relevant to early childhood caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimon Divaris
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, UNC School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 228 Brauer Hall, CB#7450, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2101 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, CB #7435, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Piekoszewska-Ziętek P, Turska-Szybka A, Olczak-Kowalczyk D. Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in the Aetiology of Caries: Systematic Literature Review. Caries Res 2017; 51:425-435. [PMID: 28668961 DOI: 10.1159/000476075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent progress in the field of molecular biology and techniques of DNA sequence analysis allowed determining the meaning of hereditary factors of many common human diseases. Studies of genetic mechanisms in the aetiology of caries encompass, primarily, 4 main groups of genes responsible for (1) the development of enamel, (2) formation and composition of saliva, (3) immunological responses, and (4) carbohydrate metabolism. The aim of this study was to present current knowledge about the influence of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genetic variants on the occurrence of dental caries. PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for papers on the influence of genetic factors connected with SNP on the occurrence of dental caries in children, teenagers, and adults. Thirty original papers written in English were included in this review. Study groups ranged from 30 to 13,000 subjects. SNPs were observed in 30 genes. Results of the majority of studies confirm the participation of hereditary factors in the aetiology of caries. Three genes, AMELX, AQP5, and ESRRB, have the most promising evidence based on multiple replications and data, supporting a role of these genes in caries. The review of the literature proves that SNP is linked with the aetiology of dental caries.
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Küchler EC, Pecharki GD, Castro ML, Ramos J, Barbosa F, Brancher JA, Vieira AR, Gerlach RF, Trevilatto PC. Genes Involved in the Enamel Development Are Associated with Calcium and Phosphorus Level in Saliva. Caries Res 2017; 51:225-230. [PMID: 28395292 DOI: 10.1159/000450764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Saliva components play a crucial role in the integrity of the dental enamel and in caries susceptibility. The saliva characteristics are controlled by many factors, including genetic factors. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the association between the genetic variations in genes expressed in enamel development with calcium and phosphorus levels in saliva. We collected 276 unrelated 12-year-old children from private and public schools. Saliva was collected for DNA extraction from oral cells and for measurement of calcium and phosphorus. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry determined calcium and phosphorus levels in whole saliva. Fifteen genetic variations in 9 genes were analyzed. The genotype was determined by real-time polymerase chain reactions. Data were analyzed using Plink with an alpha of 5%. Genetic variations in AMELX, AMNB and ESRRB were associated with the calcium level in saliva (p < 0.05). A borderline association was observed in ENAM allele distribution shown with phosphate level in saliva (p = 0.049). In conclusion, our results are the first to report that genetic variations contribute to calcium and phosphorus levels in saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Calvano Küchler
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Ribeirao Preto Dental School, Faculty of Pharmacy of Ribeirao Preto, USP - University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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Significance of genetic variations in developmental enamel defects of primary dentition in Polish children. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 22:321-329. [PMID: 28382465 PMCID: PMC5748405 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2115-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to reveal the association between developmental defects of enamel (DDE) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ENAM, AMELX, AMBN, TUFT1, and TFIP11 genes. MATERIAL AND METHODS The molecular analysis was carried out in 52 children, aged 10-42 months, from four nursery schools situated in the region of Poznan, Poland (26 individuals with hypomineralization and/or hypoplasia of enamel - "cases" and 26 unaffected children - "controls"), chosen from 262 individuals that had prior dental examination. Six selected SNP variants (rs17878486 in AMELX, rs4694075 in AMBN, rs3796704 in ENAM, rs134136 and rs5997096 in TFIP11, and rs3790506 in TUFT1) were genotyped by the TaqMan probes assay. Genotype and allele frequencies were calculated, and a standard chi-squared analysis was used to test for deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The association between genetic variations and developmental defects of enamel was assessed by the Fisher's exact test and p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Statistically significant positive correlations were found between the rare T allele (p = 0.005) and the TT genotype (p = 0.0052) for rs17878486 in AMELX and occurrence of developmental enamel defects in primary dentition of children. For rs4694075 in AMBN, a higher incidence of the rare T allele (p = 0.0157) was observed in controls compared to DDE cases, whereas the wild-type CC homozygote was more frequent in DDE cases than in controls (p = 0.0062). CONCLUSIONS The study showed that the single nucleotide polymorphisms in the AMELX and AMBN genes may be genetic variants that contribute to developmental defects of enamel in primary dentition of children. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The single nucleotide polymorphisms of enamel formation genes may increase the risk for developmental defects of enamel (DDE) occurrence in primary dentition in children.
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Lips A, Antunes LS, Antunes LA, Abreu JGBD, Barreiros D, Oliveira DSBD, Batista AC, Nelson-Filho P, Silva LABD, Silva RABD, Alves GG, Küchler EC. Genetic Polymorphisms in DEFB1 and miRNA202 Are Involved in Salivary Human β-Defensin 1 Levels and Caries Experience in Children. Caries Res 2017; 51:209-215. [DOI: 10.1159/000458537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial peptides human β-defensins (hBDs) are encoded by β-defensin genes (DEFBs) and are possibly involved in caries susceptibility. In this study we aimed (1) to investigate the relationship between salivary hBDs and caries and (2) to evaluate the association of genetic polymorphisms in DEFB1 and microRNA202 (miRNA202) with salivary levels of hBDs and caries experience. Two data sets were available for this study, totalizing 678 Brazilian children. Dental examination and saliva collection were performed in all included children. The salivary level for hDB1, hBD2, and hBD4 was assessed by ELISA sandwich technique in 168 children. The DNA was extracted from saliva, and polymorphisms in DEFB1 and miRNA202 were analyzed by real-time PCR. Statistical analysis was performed to investigate the associations between caries experience, hBD salivary level, genotype, and allele distribution, with an alpha of 0.05. The hBD1 level was significantly higher in caries-free children (p < 0.0001). The miRNA202 was associated with a lower level of salivary hBD1 (p < 0.05). Also, the polymorphic distribution of miRNA202 was associated with caries (p = 0.006). The polymorphisms in DEFB1 were not associated with hBD salivary level and caries experience (p > 0.05). In conclusion, our results indicate that genetic polymorphism in miRNA202 is involved in hBD1 salivary level as well as caries experience in children.
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Vieira AR, Bayram M, Seymen F, Sencak RC, Lippert F, Modesto A. In Vitro Acid-Mediated Initial Dental Enamel Loss Is Associated with Genetic Variants Previously Linked to Caries Experience. Front Physiol 2017; 8:104. [PMID: 28275354 PMCID: PMC5319969 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that AQP5 and BTF3 genetic variation and expression in whole saliva are associated with caries experience suggesting that these genes may have a functional role in protecting against caries. To further explore these results, we tested ex vivo if variants in these genes are associated with subclinical dental enamel mineral loss. DNA and enamel samples were obtained from 53 individuals. Enamel samples were analyzed for Knoop hardness of sound enamel, integrated mineral loss after subclinical carious lesion creation, and change in integrated mineral loss after remineralization. DNA samples were genotyped for single nucleotide polymorphisms using TaqMan chemistry. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used to compare individuals above and below the mean sound enamel microhardness of the cohort with alpha of 0.05. The A allele of BTF3 rs6862039 appears to be associated with harder enamel at baseline (p = 0.09), enamel more resistant to demineralization (p = 0.01), and enamel that more efficiently regain mineral and remineralize (p = 0.04). Similarly, the G allele of AQP5 marker rs3759129 and A allele of AQP5 marker rs296763 are associated with enamel more resistant to demineralization (p = 0.03 and 0.05, respectively). AQP5 and BTF3 genetic variations influence the initial subclinical stages of caries lesion formation in the subsurface of enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre R Vieira
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Merve Bayram
- Department of Pedodontics, School of Dentistry, Medipol Istanbul University Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Figen Seymen
- Department of Pedodontics, School of Dentistry, Istanbul University Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Regina C Sencak
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Frank Lippert
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry, Indiana University Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Adriana Modesto
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, USA
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42
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Uhlen MM, Stenhagen KR, Dizak PM, Holme B, Mulic A, Tveit AB, Vieira AR. Genetic variation may explain why females are less susceptible to dental erosion. Eur J Oral Sci 2016; 124:426-432. [PMID: 27666331 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Not all individuals at risk for dental erosion (DE) display erosive lesions. The prevalence of DE is higher among male subjects. The occurrence of DE may depend on more than just acidic challenge, with genetics possibly playing a role. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of enamel-formation genes with DE. One premolar and a saliva sample were collected from 90 individuals. Prepared teeth were immersed in 0.01 M HCl (pH 2.2), and enamel loss (μm) was measured using white light interferometry. DNA was extracted from saliva, and 15 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were analysed. Allele and genotype frequencies were related to the enamel loss of the specimens. Single-marker and haplotype analyses were performed using sex as a covariate. Mean enamel loss was higher for male donors than for female donors (P = 0.047). Significant associations were found between enamel loss and amelogenin, X-linked (AMELX), tuftelin 1 (TUFT1), and tuftelin-interacting protein 11 (TFIP11). Analyses showed significant associations between variation in enamel-formation genes and a lower susceptibility to DE in female subjects. The results indicate that susceptibility to DE is influenced by genetic variation, and may, in part, explain why some individuals are more susceptible than others to DE, including differences between female subjects and male subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marte-Mari Uhlen
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Cariology and Gerodontology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Kjersti R Stenhagen
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Cariology and Gerodontology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Piper M Dizak
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Børge Holme
- SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aida Mulic
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Cariology and Gerodontology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne B Tveit
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Cariology and Gerodontology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexandre R Vieira
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Antunes LA, Antunes LS, Küchler EC, Lopes LB, Moura A, Bigonha RS, Abreu FV, Granjeiro JM, de Amorim LMDF, Paixão ICNP. Analysis of the association between polymorphisms in MMP2, MMP3, MMP9, MMP20, TIMP1, and TIMP2 genes with white spot lesions and early childhood caries. Int J Paediatr Dent 2016; 26:310-9. [PMID: 26371789 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors might be involved in enamel formation. AIM This study aimed to evaluate the association between polymorphisms in MMP2, MMP3, MMP9, MMP20, TIMP1, and TIMP2 with white spot lesions (WSL) and early childhood caries (ECC). DESIGN A cross-sectional study was performed on 786 children aged from 2 to 6 years in Brazil. After clinical evaluation, they were classified into groups with disease (the presence of WSL and/or ECC) and without disease (the absence of WSL or ECC). Genotyping of the selected polymorphisms was carried out with TaqMan real-time PCR, using genomic DNA extracted from buccal cells. Allele and genotype frequencies were compared between groups. Chi-square test, odds ratio (OR), and logistic regression were used (P ≤ 0.05). RESULTS The dmft score was 1.3 (SD: 2.4), and 41.34% of the children have at least one caries lesion. In MMP9, the GG genotype was more frequent in the group without disease (P = 0.006). In a recessive model, WSL was associated with the marker rs1711437 in MMP20 (P = 0.019; OR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.02-1.42). The marker rs1784418 in MMP20 showed an association between the allele G distribution for the WSL group (P = 0.020; OR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.55-0.96). CONCLUSION MMP9 and MMP20 are involved in WSL and ECC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Azeredo Antunes
- School of Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University, Nova Friburgo, Brazil.,Biology Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil.,Clinical Research Unit, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Santos Antunes
- School of Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University, Nova Friburgo, Brazil.,Clinical Research Unit, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alex Moura
- Clinical Research Unit, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | | | | | - José Mauro Granjeiro
- Directory of Programs, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (INMETRO), Duque de Caxias, Brazil
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Abstract
The tooth enamel development gene, enamelin (ENAM), showed evidence of positive selection during a genome-wide scan of human and primate DNA for signs of adaptive evolution. The current study examined the hypothesis that a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) C14625T (rs7671281) in the ENAM gene identified in the genome-wide scan is associated with a change in enamel phenotype. African Americans were selected as the target population, as they have been reported to have a target SNP frequency of approximately 50%, whereas non-Africans are predicted to have a 96% SNP frequency. Digital radiographs and DNA samples from 244 teeth in 133 subjects were analysed, and enamel thickness was assessed in relation to SNP status, controlling for age, sex, tooth number and crown length. Crown length was found to increase with molar number, and females were found to have thicker enamel. Teeth with larger crowns also had thicker enamel, and older subjects had thinner enamel. Linear regression and generalized estimating equations were used to investigate the relationship between enamel thickness of the mandibular molars and ENAM SNP status; enamel in subjects with the derived allele was significantly thinner (P=0.040) when the results were controlled for sex, age, tooth number and crown length. The derived allele demonstrated a recessive effect on the phenotype. The data indicate that thinner dental enamel is associated with the derived ENAM genotype. This is the first direct evidence of a dental gene implicated in human adaptive evolution as having a phenotypic effect on an oral structure.
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Jeremias F, Pierri RAG, Souza JF, Fragelli CMB, Restrepo M, Finoti LS, Bussaneli DG, Cordeiro RCL, Secolin R, Maurer-Morelli CV, Scarel-Caminaga RM, Santos-Pinto L. Family-Based Genetic Association for Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization. Caries Res 2016; 50:310-8. [PMID: 27179118 DOI: 10.1159/000445726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite some evidence of genetic and environmental factors on molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH), its aetiology remains unclear. This family-based genetic association study aimed more comprehensively to investigate the genetic carriage potentially involved in MIH development. DNA was obtained from buccal cells of 391 individuals who were birth family members of 101 Brazilian nuclear families. Sixty-three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were investigated in 21 candidate genes related to amelogenesis using the TaqMan™ OpenArray™ Genotyping platform. All SNPs were genotyped in 165 birth family members unaffected by MIH, 96 with unknown MIH status and 130 affected individuals (50.7% with severe MIH). Association analysis was performed by the transmission/disequilibrium test (TDT), and statistical results were corrected using the false discovery rate. Significant results were obtained for SNPs rs7821494 (FAM83H gene, OR = 3.7; 95% CI = 1.75-7.78), rs34367704 (AMBN gene, OR = 2.7; 95% CI = 1.16-6.58), rs3789334 (BMP2 gene, OR = 2.9; 95% CI = 1.34-6.35), rs6099486 (BMP7 gene, OR = 2.2; 95% CI = 1.14-4.38), rs762642 (BMP4 gene, OR = 2.3; 95% CI = 1.38-3.65), rs7664896 (ENAM gene, OR = 2.1; 95% CI = 1.19-3.51), rs1711399 (MMP20 gene, OR = 0.4; 95% CI = 0.20-0.72), rs1711423 (MMP20 gene, OR = 2.1; 95% CI = 1.18-3.61), rs2278163 (DLX3 gene, OR = 2.8; 95% CI = 1.26-6.41), rs6996321 (FGFR1 gene, OR = 2.7; 95% CI = 1.20-5.88), and rs5979395 (AMELX gene, OR = 11.7; 95% CI = 1.63-84.74). Through this family-based association study, we concluded that variations in genes related to amelogenesis were associated with the susceptibility to develop MIH. This result is in agreement with the multifactorial idea of the MIH aetiology, but further studies are necessary to investigate more thoroughly the factors that could influence MIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano Jeremias
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
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46
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Analysis of genetic factors influencing susceptibility to dental caries by using a chromosome 2 substitution mouse strain. PEDIATRIC DENTAL JOURNAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdj.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Gerreth K, Zaorska K, Zabel M, Borysewicz-Lewicka M, Nowicki M. Association of ENAM gene single nucleotide polymorphisms with dental caries in Polish children. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 20:631-6. [PMID: 26910531 PMCID: PMC4799241 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1743-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The objective of this study was to prove the association between dental caries and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ENAM gene. Material and methods The research was carried out in 96 children (48 with caries and 48 counterparts free of this disease), aged 20–42 months, with 11–20 erupted teeth. All children were from four day nurseries located in Poznan. The study included the dental examination to select individuals to the research and oral swab collection for molecular evaluation. Seven selected SNPs markers of the ENAM gene were genotyped, five using TaqMan probe assay (rs2609428, rs7671281, rs36064169, rs3796704, and rs12640848) and two by Sanger sequencing (rs144929717 and rs139228330). Results Statistically significant higher prevalence of the alternative G allele and the alternative GG homozygote in the control group in comparison with the caries group in SNP rs12640848 was observed, respectively, p = 0.0062 and 0.0010. Although the prevalence of the AG heterozygote was higher for the caries subjects in comparison with controls (OR = 2.9), and the result was statistically significant (p = 0.0010), the overall prevalence of the G allele for this SNP was significantly higher in control group (OR = 2.3; p = 0.0062). Conclusions The study revealed the strong association between rs12640848 marker of ENAM gene and caries susceptibility in primary teeth in children from Poznan. Clinical relevance The presence of SNPs in the ENAM gene may be important as suspected predictive factor of dental caries occurrence in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Gerreth
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 70 Bukowska Street, 60-812, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Zaorska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Swiecickiego Street, 61-781, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Zabel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Swiecickiego Street, 61-781, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maria Borysewicz-Lewicka
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 70 Bukowska Street, 60-812, Poznan, Poland
| | - Michal Nowicki
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Swiecickiego Street, 61-781, Poznan, Poland
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48
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Anjomshoaa I, Briseño-Ruiz J, Deeley K, Poletta FA, Mereb JC, Leite AL, Barreta PATM, Silva TL, Dizak P, Ruff T, Patir A, Koruyucu M, Abbasoğlu Z, Casado PL, Brown A, Zaky SH, Bayram M, Küchler EC, Cooper ME, Liu K, Marazita ML, Tanboğa İ, Granjeiro JM, Seymen F, Castilla EE, Orioli IM, Sfeir C, Owyang H, Buzalaf MAR, Vieira AR. Aquaporin 5 Interacts with Fluoride and Possibly Protects against Caries. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143068. [PMID: 26630491 PMCID: PMC4668048 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQP) are water channel proteins and the genes coding for AQP2, AQP5, and AQP6 are clustered in 12q13. Since AQP5 is expressed in serous acinar cells of salivary glands, we investigated its involvement in caries. DNA samples from 1,383 individuals from six groups were studied. Genotypes of eight single nucleotide polymorphisms covering the aquaporin locus were tested for association with caries experience. Interaction with genes involved in enamel formation was tested. The association between enamel microhardness at baseline, after creation of artificial caries lesion, and after exposure to fluoride and the genetic markers in AQP5 was tested. Finally, AQP5 expression in human whole saliva, after exposure to fluoride in a mammary gland cell line, which is known to express AQP5, and in Wistar rats was also verified. Nominal associations were found between caries experience and markers in the AQP5 locus. Since these associations suggested that AQP5 may be inhibited by levels of fluoride in the drinking water that cause fluorosis, we showed that fluoride levels above optimal levels change AQP5 expression in humans, cell lines, and rats. We have shown that AQP5 is involved in the pathogenesis of caries and likely interacts with fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Anjomshoaa
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Jessica Briseño-Ruiz
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Kathleen Deeley
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Fernardo A. Poletta
- ECLAMC (Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations) at CEMIC (Center for Medical Education and Clinical Research), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan C. Mereb
- ECLAMC at Hospital de Area El Bolson, El Bolson, RN, Argentina
| | - Aline L. Leite
- Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Thelma L. Silva
- Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Piper Dizak
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Timothy Ruff
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Asli Patir
- Department of Pedodontics, Medipol Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mine Koruyucu
- Department of Pedodontics, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zerrin Abbasoğlu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Yeditepe University, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Priscila L. Casado
- Dental School, Clinical Research Unit, Federal Fluminense University - UFF, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
- Biology Institute, Federal Fluminense University - UFF, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andrew Brown
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Samer H. Zaky
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Merve Bayram
- Department of Pedodontics, Medipol Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erika C. Küchler
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Margaret E. Cooper
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Mary L. Marazita
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - İlknur Tanboğa
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Marmara University, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - José M. Granjeiro
- Dental School, Clinical Research Unit, Federal Fluminense University - UFF, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
- National Institute of Metrology (INMETRO), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Figen Seymen
- Department of Pedodontics, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Eduardo E. Castilla
- ECLAMC (Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations) at CEMIC (Center for Medical Education and Clinical Research), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- ECLAMC at INAGEMP-CNPq (National Institute of Population Medical Genetics) at Department of Genetics, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Iêda M. Orioli
- ECLAMC at INAGEMP-CNPq (National Institute of Population Medical Genetics) at Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Charles Sfeir
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Hongjiao Owyang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Marmara University, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Alexandre R. Vieira
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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49
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Bayram M, Deeley K, Reis MF, Trombetta VM, Ruff TD, Sencak RC, Hummel M, Dizak PM, Washam K, Romanos HF, Lips A, Alves G, Costa MC, Granjeiro JM, Antunes LS, Küchler EC, Seymen F, Vieira AR. Genetic influences on dental enamel that impact caries differ between the primary and permanent dentitions. Eur J Oral Sci 2015; 123:327-334. [PMID: 26283008 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Clinically, primary and permanent teeth are distinct anatomically and the presentation of caries lesions differs between the two dentitions. Hence, the possibility exists that genetic contributions to tooth formation of the two dentitions are different. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that genetic associations with an artificial caries model will not be the same between primary and permanent dentitions. Enamel samples from primary and permanent teeth were tested for microhardness at baseline, after carious lesion creation, and after fluoride application to verify association with genetic variants of selected genes. Associations were found between genetic variants of ameloblastin, amelogenin, enamelin, tuftelin, tuftelin interactive protein 11, and matrix metallopeptidase 20 and enamel from permanent teeth but not with enamel from primary teeth. In conclusion, our data continue to support that genetic variation may impact enamel development and consequently individual caries susceptibility. These effects may be distinct between primary and permanent dentitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Bayram
- Department of Pedodontics, School of Dentistry, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kathleen Deeley
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Maria F Reis
- Clinical Research Unit, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vanessa M Trombetta
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Timothy D Ruff
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Regina C Sencak
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael Hummel
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Piper M Dizak
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kelly Washam
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Helena F Romanos
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andrea Lips
- Clinical Research Unit, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gutemberg Alves
- Clinical Research Unit, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcelo C Costa
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José M Granjeiro
- Directory of Programs, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (INMETRO), Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leonardo S Antunes
- Clinical Research Unit, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Erika C Küchler
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Clinical Research Unit, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Figen Seymen
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alexandre R Vieira
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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50
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Haznedaroğlu E, Koldemir-Gündüz M, Bakır-Coşkun N, Bozkuş HM, Çağatay P, Süsleyici-Duman B, Menteş A. Association of sweet taste receptor gene polymorphisms with dental caries experience in school children. Caries Res 2015; 49:275-81. [PMID: 25924601 DOI: 10.1159/000381426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sweet taste is a powerful factor influencing food acceptance. The peripheral taste response to sugar is mediated by the TAS1R2/TAS1R3 taste receptors. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between TAS1R2 (rs35874116 or rs9701796) and/or TAS1R3 (rs307355) single nucleotide polymorphisms with dental caries experience in schoolchildren. A total of 184 schoolchildren aged between 7 and 12 years (101 girls, 83 boys) were included in the study. Genomic DNA was extracted from saliva samples and the genotypes were identified by qPCR. The genotype frequencies were as follows: 6.6% for homozygous wild type, 41.8% for heterozygous and 51.6% for homozygous polymorphic genotype carriers of TAS1R2 gene rs35874116; 27.8% for heterozygous and 72.2% for homozygous polymorphic genotype carriers of TAS1R2 gene rs9701796, and 83.1% for homozygous wild type and 16.9% for heterozygous genotype carriers of TAS1R3 gene rs307355 polymorphism. A significant association was observed between total caries experience (dft + DMFT - decayed filled primary teeth + decayed, missing and filled permanent teeth) and TAS1R2 rs35874116 (p = 0.008) and TAS1R3 rs307355 (p = 0.04) gene polymorphisms but not for TAS1R2 gene rs9701796 polymorphism. TAS1R3 gene rs307355 polymorphism has been found to be an independent risk factor for dental caries experience by logistic regression analysis and to have increased the risk of caries. Moderate caries experience (4-7 caries) was found to be associated with TAS1R3 rs307355 heterozygous genotype, whereas high-risk caries experience (>8 caries) was found to be associated with TAS1R2 rs35874116 homozygous polymorphic genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda Haznedaroğlu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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