1
|
Ferrari AJ, Santomauro DF, Aali A, Abate YH, Abbafati C, Abbastabar H, Abd ElHafeez S, Abdelmasseh M, Abd-Elsalam S, Abdollahi A, Abdullahi A, Abegaz KH, Abeldaño Zuñiga RA, Aboagye RG, Abolhassani H, Abreu LG, Abualruz H, Abu-Gharbieh E, Abu-Rmeileh NME, Ackerman IN, Addo IY, Addolorato G, Adebiyi AO, Adepoju AV, Adewuyi HO, Afyouni S, Afzal S, Afzal S, Agodi A, Ahmad A, Ahmad D, Ahmad F, Ahmad S, Ahmed A, Ahmed LA, Ahmed MB, Ajami M, Akinosoglou K, Akkaif MA, Al Hasan SM, Alalalmeh SO, Al-Aly Z, Albashtawy M, Aldridge RW, Alemu MD, Alemu YM, Alene KA, Al-Gheethi AAS, Alharrasi M, Alhassan RK, Ali MU, Ali R, Ali SSS, Alif SM, Aljunid SM, Al-Marwani S, Almazan JU, Alomari MA, Al-Omari B, Altaany Z, Alvis-Guzman N, Alvis-Zakzuk NJ, Alwafi H, Al-Wardat MS, Al-Worafi YM, Aly S, Alzoubi KH, Amare AT, Amegbor PM, Ameyaw EK, Amin TT, Amindarolzarbi A, Amiri S, Amugsi DA, Ancuceanu R, Anderlini D, Anderson DB, Andrade PP, Andrei CL, Ansari H, Antony CM, Anwar S, Anwar SL, Anwer R, Anyanwu PE, Arab JP, Arabloo J, Arafat M, Araki DT, Aravkin AY, Arkew M, Armocida B, Arndt MB, Arooj M, Artamonov AA, Aruleba RT, Arumugam A, Ashbaugh C, Ashemo MY, Ashraf M, Asika MO, Askari E, Astell-Burt T, Athari SS, Atorkey P, Atout MMW, Atreya A, Aujayeb A, Ausloos M, Avan A, Awotidebe AW, Awuviry-Newton K, Ayala Quintanilla BP, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Azadnajafabad S, Azevedo RMS, Babu AS, Badar M, Badiye AD, Baghdadi S, Bagheri N, Bah S, Bai R, Baker JL, Bakkannavar SM, Bako AT, Balakrishnan S, Bam K, Banik PC, Barchitta M, Bardhan M, Bardideh E, Barker-Collo SL, Barqawi HJ, Barrow A, Barteit S, Barua L, Bashiri Aliabadi S, Basiru A, Basu S, Basu S, Bathini PP, Batra K, Baune BT, Bayileyegn NS, Behnam B, Behnoush AH, Beiranvand M, Bejarano Ramirez DF, Bell ML, Bello OO, Beloukas A, Bensenor IM, Berezvai Z, Bernabe E, Bernstein RS, Bettencourt PJG, Bhagavathula AS, Bhala N, Bhandari D, Bhargava A, Bhaskar S, Bhat V, Bhatti GK, Bhatti JS, Bhatti MS, Bhatti R, Bhutta ZA, Bikbov B, Bishai JD, Bisignano C, Bitra VR, Bjørge T, Bodolica V, Bodunrin AO, Bogale EK, Bonakdar Hashemi M, Bonny A, Bora Basara B, Borhany H, Boxe C, Brady OJ, Bragazzi NL, Braithwaite D, Brant LC, Brauer M, Breitner S, Brenner H, Brown J, Brugha T, Bulamu NB, Buonsenso D, Burkart K, Burns RA, Busse R, Bustanji Y, Butt ZA, Byun J, Caetano dos Santos FL, Calina D, Cámera LA, Campos-Nonato IR, Cao C, Capodici A, Carr S, Carreras G, Carugno A, Carvalho M, Castaldelli-Maia JM, Castañeda-Orjuela CA, Castelpietra G, Catapano AL, Cattaruzza MS, Caye A, Cegolon L, Cembranel F, Cenderadewi M, Cerin E, Chakraborty PA, Chan JSK, Chan RNC, Chandika RM, Chandrasekar EK, Charalampous P, Chattu VK, Chatzimavridou-Grigoriadou V, Chen AW, Chen AT, Chen CS, Chen H, Chen NM, Cheng ETW, Chimed-Ochir O, Chimoriya R, Ching PR, Cho WCS, Choi S, Chong B, Chong YY, Choudhari SG, Chowdhury R, Christensen SWM, Chu DT, Chukwu IS, Chung E, Chung E, Chutiyami M, Claassens MM, Cogen RM, Columbus A, Conde J, Cortesi PA, Cousin E, Criqui MH, Cruz-Martins N, Dadras O, Dai S, Dai X, Dai Z, Dalaba MA, Damiani G, Das JK, Das S, Dashti M, Dávila-Cervantes CA, Davletov K, De Leo D, Debele AT, Debopadhaya S, DeCleene NK, Deeba F, Degenhardt L, Del Bo' C, Delgado-Enciso I, Demetriades AK, Denova-Gutiérrez E, Dervenis N, Desai HD, Desai R, Deuba K, Dhama K, Dharmaratne SD, Dhingra S, Dias da Silva D, Diaz D, Diaz LA, Diaz MJ, Dima A, Ding DD, Dirac MA, Do THP, do Prado CB, Dohare S, Dominguez RMV, Dong W, Dongarwar D, D'Oria M, Dorsey ER, Doshmangir L, Dowou RK, Driscoll TR, Dsouza HL, Dsouza V, Dube J, Dumith SC, Duncan BB, Duraes AR, Duraisamy S, Durojaiye OC, Dzianach PA, Dziedzic AM, Eboreime E, Ebrahimi A, Edinur HA, Edvardsson D, Eikemo TA, Eini E, Ekholuenetale M, Ekundayo TC, El Sayed I, El Tantawi M, Elbarazi I, Elemam NM, ElGohary GMT, Elhadi M, Elmeligy OAA, ELNahas G, Elshaer M, Elsohaby I, Engelbert Bain L, Erkhembayar R, Eshrati B, Estep K, Fabin N, Fagbamigbe AF, Falzone L, Fareed M, Farinha CSES, Faris MEM, Faro A, Farrokhi P, Fatehizadeh A, Fauk NK, Feigin VL, Feng X, Fereshtehnejad SM, Feroze AH, Ferreira N, Ferreira PH, Fischer F, Flavel J, Flood D, Flor LS, Foigt NA, Folayan MO, Force LM, Fortuna D, Foschi M, Franklin RC, Freitas A, Fukumoto T, Furtado JM, Gaal PA, Gadanya MA, Gaidhane AM, Gaihre S, Galali Y, Ganbat M, Gandhi AP, Ganesan B, Ganie MA, Ganiyani MA, Gardner WM, Gebi TG, Gebregergis MW, Gebrehiwot M, Gebremariam TBB, Gebremeskel TG, Gela YY, Georgescu SR, Getachew Obsa A, Gething PW, Getie M, Ghadiri K, Ghadirian F, Ghailan KY, Ghajar A, Ghasemi M, Ghasempour Dabaghi G, Ghasemzadeh A, Ghazy RM, Gholamrezanezhad A, Ghorbani M, Ghotbi E, Gibson RM, Gill TK, Ginindza TG, Girmay A, Glasbey JC, Göbölös L, Godinho MA, Goharinezhad S, Goldust M, Golechha M, Goleij P, Gona PN, Gorini G, Goulart AC, Grada A, Grivna M, Guan SY, Guarducci G, Gubari MIM, Gudeta MD, Guha A, Guicciardi S, Gulati S, Gulisashvili D, Gunawardane DA, Guo C, Gupta AK, Gupta B, Gupta I, Gupta M, Gupta R, Gupta VB, Gupta VK, Gupta VK, Gutiérrez RA, Habibzadeh F, Habibzadeh P, Haddadi R, Hadi NR, Haep N, Hafezi-Nejad N, Hafiz A, Hagins H, Halboub ES, Halimi A, Haller S, Halwani R, Hamilton EB, Hankey GJ, Hannan MA, Haque MN, Harapan H, Haro JM, Hartvigsen J, Hasaballah AI, Hasan I, Hasanian M, Hasnain MS, Hassan A, Haubold J, Havmoeller RJ, Hay SI, Hayat K, Hebert JJ, Hegazi OE, Heidari G, Helfer B, Hemmati M, Hendrie D, Henson CA, Hezam K, Hiraike Y, Hoan NQ, Holla R, Hon J, Hossain MM, Hosseinzadeh H, Hosseinzadeh M, Hostiuc M, Hostiuc S, Hsu JM, Huang J, Hugo FN, Hushmandi K, Hussain J, Hussein NR, Huynh CK, Huynh HH, Hwang BF, Iannucci VC, Ihler AL, Ikiroma AI, Ikuta KS, Ilesanmi OS, Ilic IM, Ilic MD, Imam MT, Immurana M, Irham LM, Islam MR, Islam SMS, Islami F, Ismail F, Ismail NE, Isola G, Iwagami M, Iwu CCD, Iyer M, Jaafari J, Jacobsen KH, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Jafarinia M, Jaggi K, Jahankhani K, Jahanmehr N, Jahrami H, Jain A, Jain N, Jairoun AA, Jaiswal A, Jakovljevic M, Jatau AI, Javadov S, Javaheri T, Jayapal SK, Jayaram S, Jee SH, Jeganathan J, Jeyakumar A, Jha AK, Jiang H, Jin Y, Jonas JB, Joo T, Joseph A, Joseph N, Joshua CE, Jozwiak JJ, Jürisson M, K V, Kaambwa B, Kabir A, Kabir Z, Kadashetti V, Kalani R, Kalankesh LR, Kaliyadan F, Kalra S, Kamenov K, Kamyari N, Kanagasabai T, Kandel H, Kanmanthareddy AR, Kanmodi KK, Kantar RS, Karaye IM, Karim A, Karimi SE, Karimi Y, Kasraei H, Kassel MB, Kauppila JH, Kawakami N, Kayode GA, Kazemi F, Kazemian S, Keikavoosi-Arani L, Keller C, Kempen JH, Kerr JA, Keshtkar K, Kesse-Guyot E, Keykhaei M, Khajuria H, Khalaji A, Khalid A, Khalid N, Khalilian A, Khamesipour F, Khan A, Khan I, Khan M, Khan MAB, Khanmohammadi S, Khatab K, Khatami F, Khatatbeh MM, Khater AM, Khayat Kashani HR, Khidri FF, Khodadoust E, Khormali M, Khorrami Z, Kifle ZD, Kim MS, Kimokoti RW, Kisa A, Kisa S, Knudsen AKS, Kocarnik JM, Kochhar S, Koh HY, Kolahi AA, Kompani F, Koren G, Korzh O, Kosen S, Koulmane Laxminarayana SL, Krishan K, Krishna V, Krishnamoorthy V, Kuate Defo B, Kuddus MA, Kuddus M, Kuitunen I, Kulkarni V, Kumar M, Kumar N, Kumar R, Kurmi OP, Kusuma D, Kyu HH, La Vecchia C, Lacey B, Ladan MA, Laflamme L, Lafranconi A, Lahariya C, Lai DTC, Lal DK, Lalloo R, Lallukka T, Lám J, Lan Q, Lan T, Landires I, Lanfranchi F, Langguth B, Laplante-Lévesque A, Larijani B, Larsson AO, Lasrado S, Lauriola P, Le HH, Le LKD, Le NHH, Le TDT, Leasher JL, Ledda C, Lee M, Lee PH, Lee SW, Lee SW, Lee WC, Lee YH, LeGrand KE, Lenzi J, Leong E, Leung J, Li MC, Li W, Li X, Li Y, Li Y, Lim LL, Lim SS, Lindstrom M, Linn S, Liu G, Liu R, Liu S, Liu W, Liu X, Liu X, Llanaj E, Lo CH, López-Bueno R, Loreche AM, Lorenzovici L, Lozano R, Lubinda J, Lucchetti G, Lunevicius R, Lusk JB, lv H, Ma ZF, Machairas N, Madureira-Carvalho ÁM, Magaña Gómez JA, Maghazachi AA, Maharjan P, Mahasha PW, Maheri M, Mahjoub S, Mahmoud MA, Mahmoudi E, Majeed A, Makris KC, Malakan Rad E, Malhotra K, Malik AA, Malik I, Malta DC, Manla Y, Mansour A, Mansouri P, Mansournia MA, Mantilla Herrera AM, Mantovani LG, Manu E, Marateb HR, Mardi P, Martinez G, Martinez-Piedra R, Martini D, Martins-Melo FR, Martorell M, Marx W, Maryam S, Marzo RR, Mathangasinghe Y, Mathieson S, Mathioudakis AG, Mattumpuram J, Maugeri A, Mayeli M, Mazidi M, Mazzotti A, McGrath JJ, McKee M, McKowen ALW, McPhail MA, Mehrabani-Zeinabad K, Mehrabi Nasab E, Mekene Meto T, Mendoza W, Menezes RG, Mensah GA, Mentis AFA, Meo SA, Meresa HA, Meretoja A, Meretoja TJ, Mersha AM, Mestrovic T, Mettananda KCD, Mettananda S, Michalek IM, Miller PA, Miller TR, Mills EJ, Minh LHN, Mirijello A, Mirrakhimov EM, Mirutse MK, Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari M, Mirzaei M, Mirzaei R, Misganaw A, Mishra AK, Mitchell PB, Mittal C, Moazen B, Moberg ME, Mohamed J, Mohamed MFH, Mohamed NS, Mohammadi E, Mohammadi S, Mohammed H, Mohammed S, Mohammed S, Mohr RM, Mokdad AH, Molinaro S, Momtazmanesh S, Monasta L, Mondello S, Moodi Ghalibaf A, Moradi M, Moradi Y, Moradi-Lakeh M, Moraga P, Morawska L, Moreira RS, Morovatdar N, Morrison SD, Morze J, Mosapour A, Mosser JF, Mossialos E, Motappa R, Mougin V, Mouodi S, Mrejen M, Msherghi A, Mubarik S, Mueller UO, Mulita F, Munjal K, Murillo-Zamora E, Murlimanju BV, Mustafa G, Muthu S, Muzaffar M, Myung W, Nagarajan AJ, Naghavi P, Naik GR, Nainu F, Nair S, Najmuldeen HHR, Nangia V, Naqvi AA, Narayana AI, Nargus S, Nascimento GG, Nashwan AJ, Nasrollahizadeh A, Nasrollahizadeh A, Natto ZS, Nayak BP, Nayak VC, Nduaguba SO, Negash H, Negoi I, Negoi RI, Nejadghaderi SA, Nesbit OD, Netsere HB, Ng M, Nguefack-Tsague G, Ngunjiri JW, Nguyen DH, Nguyen HQ, Niazi RK, Nikolouzakis TK, Nikoobar A, Nikoomanesh F, Nikpoor AR, Nnaji CA, Nnyanzi LA, Noman EA, Nomura S, Norrving B, Nri-Ezedi CA, Ntaios G, Ntsekhe M, Nurrika D, Nzoputam CI, Nzoputam OJ, Oancea B, Odetokun IA, O'Donnell MJ, Oguntade AS, Oguta JO, Okati-Aliabad H, Okeke SR, Okekunle AP, Okonji OC, Olagunju AT, Olasupo OO, Olatubi MI, Oliveira GMM, Olufadewa II, Olusanya BO, Olusanya JO, Omar HA, Omer GL, Omonisi AEE, Onie S, Onwujekwe OE, Ordak M, Orish VN, Ortega-Altamirano DV, Ortiz A, Ortiz-Brizuela E, Osman WMS, Ostroff SM, Osuagwu UL, Otoiu A, Otstavnov N, Otstavnov SS, Ouyahia A, Ouyang G, Owolabi MO, P A MP, Padron-Monedero A, Padubidri JR, Palicz T, Palladino C, Pan F, Pandi-Perumal SR, Pangaribuan HU, Panos GD, Panos LD, Pantea Stoian AM, Pardhan S, Parikh RR, Pashaei A, Pasovic M, Passera R, Patel J, Patel SK, Patil S, Patoulias D, Patthipati VS, Pawar S, Pazoki Toroudi H, Pease SA, Peden AE, Pedersini P, Peng M, Pensato U, Pepito VCF, Peprah EK, Peprah P, Perdigão J, Pereira MO, Perianayagam A, Perico N, Pesudovs K, Petermann-Rocha FE, Petri WA, Pham HT, Philip AK, Phillips MR, Pigeolet M, Pigott DM, Pillay JD, Piracha ZZ, Pirouzpanah S, Plass D, Plotnikov E, Poddighe D, Polinder S, Postma MJ, Pourtaheri N, Prada SI, Pradhan PMS, Prakash V, Prasad M, Prates EJS, Priscilla T, Pritchett N, Puri P, Puvvula J, Qasim NH, Qattea I, Qazi AS, Qian G, Rabiee Rad M, Radhakrishnan RA, Radhakrishnan V, Raeisi Shahraki H, Rafferty Q, Raggi A, Raghav PR, Rahim MJ, Rahman MM, Rahman MHU, Rahman M, Rahman MA, Rahmani S, Rahmanian M, Rahmawaty S, Rajaa S, Ramadan MM, Ramasamy SK, Ramasubramani P, Ramazanu S, Rana K, Ranabhat CL, Rancic N, Rane A, Rao CR, Rao K, Rao M, Rao SJ, Rashidi MM, Rathnaiah Babu G, Rauniyar SK, Rawaf DL, Rawaf S, Razo C, Reddy MMRK, Redwan EMM, Reifels L, Reiner Jr RC, Remuzzi G, Renzaho AMN, Reshmi B, Reyes LF, Rezaei N, Rezaei N, Rezaei N, Rezaei Hachesu P, Rezaeian M, Rickard J, Rodrigues CF, Rodriguez JAB, Roever L, Ronfani L, Roshandel G, Rotimi K, Rout HS, Roy B, Roy N, Roy P, Rubagotti E, S N C, Saad AMA, Saber-Ayad MM, Sabour S, Sacco S, Sachdev PS, Saddik B, Saddler A, Sadee BA, Sadeghi E, Sadeghi M, Saeb MR, Saeed U, Safi SZ, Sagar R, Sagoe D, Saif Z, Sajid MR, Sakshaug JW, Salam N, Salami AA, Salaroli LB, Saleh MA, Salem MR, Salem MZY, Sallam M, Samadzadeh S, Samargandy S, Samodra YL, Samy AM, Sanabria J, Sanna F, Santos IS, Santric-Milicevic MM, Sarasmita MA, Sarikhani Y, Sarmiento-Suárez R, Sarode GS, Sarode SC, Sarveazad A, Sathian B, Sathyanarayan A, Satpathy M, Sawhney M, Scarmeas N, Schaarschmidt BM, Schmidt MI, Schneider IJC, Schumacher AE, Schwebel DC, Schwendicke F, Sedighi M, Senapati S, Senthilkumaran S, Sepanlou SG, Sethi Y, Setoguchi S, Seylani A, Shadid J, Shafie M, Shah H, Shah NS, Shah PA, Shahbandi A, Shahid S, Shahid W, Shahwan MJ, Shaikh MA, Shakeri A, Shalash AS, Sham S, Shamim MA, Shamshirgaran MA, Shamsi MA, Shanawaz M, Shankar A, Shannawaz M, Sharath M, Sharifan A, Sharifi-Rad J, Sharma M, Sharma R, Sharma S, Sharma U, Sharma V, Shastry RP, Shavandi A, Shayan AM, Shayan M, Shehabeldine AME, Shetty PH, Shibuya K, Shifa JE, Shiferaw D, Shiferaw WS, Shigematsu M, Shiri R, Shitaye NA, Shittu A, Shivakumar KM, Shivarov V, Shokati Eshkiki Z, Shool S, Shrestha S, Shuval K, Sibhat MM, Siddig EE, Sigfusdottir ID, Silva DAS, Silva JP, Silva LMLR, Silva S, Simpson CR, Singal A, Singh A, Singh BB, Singh H, Singh JA, Singh M, Singh P, Skou ST, Sleet DA, Slepak ELN, Solanki R, Soliman SSM, Song S, Song Y, Sorensen RJD, Soriano JB, Soyiri IN, Spartalis M, Sreeramareddy CT, Stark BA, Starodubova AV, Stein C, Stein DJ, Steiner C, Steiner TJ, Steinmetz JD, Steiropoulos P, Stockfelt L, Stokes MA, Subedi NS, Subramaniyan V, Suemoto CK, Suleman M, Suliankatchi Abdulkader R, Sultana A, Sundström J, Swain CK, Szarpak L, Tabaee Damavandi P, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tabatabaei Malazy O, Tabatabaeizadeh SA, Tabatabai S, Tabche C, Tabish M, Tadakamadla SK, Taheri Abkenar Y, Taheri Soodejani M, Taherkhani A, Taiba J, Talaat IM, Talukder A, Tampa M, Tamuzi JL, Tan KK, Tandukar S, Tang H, Tavakoli Oliaee R, Tavangar SM, Teimoori M, Temsah MH, Teramoto M, Thangaraju P, Thankappan KR, Thapar R, Thayakaran R, Thirunavukkarasu S, Thomas N, Thomas NK, Thum CCC, Tichopad A, Ticoalu JHV, Tillawi T, Tiruye TY, Tobe-Gai R, Tonelli M, Topor-Madry R, Torre AE, Touvier M, Tovani-Palone MR, Tran JT, Tran MTN, Tran NM, Tran NH, Trico D, Tromans SJ, Truyen TTTT, Tsatsakis A, Tsegay GM, Tsermpini EE, Tumurkhuu M, Tyrovolas S, Udoh A, Umair M, Umakanthan S, Umar TP, Undurraga EA, Unim B, Unnikrishnan B, Unsworth CA, Upadhyay E, Urso D, Usman JS, Vahabi SM, Vaithinathan AG, Van den Eynde J, Varga O, Varma RP, Vart P, Vasankari TJ, Vasic M, Vaziri S, Vellingiri B, Venketasubramanian N, Veroux M, Verras GI, Vervoort D, Villafañe JH, Violante FS, Vlassov V, Vollset SE, Volovat SR, Vongpradith A, Waheed Y, Wang C, Wang F, Wang N, Wang S, Wang Y, Wang YP, Ward P, Wassie EG, Weaver MR, Weerakoon KG, Weintraub RG, Weiss DJ, Weldemariam AH, Wells KM, Wen YF, Whisnant JL, Whiteford HA, Wiangkham T, Wickramasinghe DP, Wickramasinghe ND, Wilandika A, Wilkerson C, Willeit P, Wimo A, Woldegebreal DH, Wolf AW, Wong YJ, Woolf AD, Wu C, Wu F, Wu X, Wu Z, Wulf Hanson S, Xia Y, Xiao H, Xu X, Xu YY, Yadav L, Yadollahpour A, Yaghoubi S, Yamagishi K, Yang L, Yano Y, Yao Y, Yaribeygi H, Yazdanpanah MH, Ye P, Yehualashet SS, Yesuf SA, Yezli S, Yiğit A, Yiğit V, Yigzaw ZA, Yismaw Y, Yon DK, Yonemoto N, Younis MZ, Yu C, Yu Y, Yusuf H, Zahid MH, Zakham F, Zaki L, Zaki N, Zaman BA, Zamora N, Zand R, Zandieh GGZ, Zar HJ, Zarrintan A, Zastrozhin MS, Zhang H, Zhang N, Zhang Y, Zhao H, Zhong C, Zhong P, Zhou J, Zhu Z, Ziafati M, Zielińska M, Zimsen SRM, Zoladl M, Zumla A, Zyoud SH, Vos T, Murray CJL. Global incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet 2024:S0140-6736(24)00757-8. [PMID: 38642570 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(24)00757-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detailed, comprehensive, and timely reporting on population health by underlying causes of disability and premature death is crucial to understanding and responding to complex patterns of disease and injury burden over time and across age groups, sexes, and locations. The availability of disease burden estimates can promote evidence-based interventions that enable public health researchers, policy makers, and other professionals to implement strategies that can mitigate diseases. It can also facilitate more rigorous monitoring of progress towards national and international health targets, such as the Sustainable Development Goals. For three decades, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) has filled that need. A global network of collaborators contributed to the production of GBD 2021 by providing, reviewing, and analysing all available data. GBD estimates are updated routinely with additional data and refined analytical methods. GBD 2021 presents, for the first time, estimates of health loss due to the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS The GBD 2021 disease and injury burden analysis estimated years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries using 100 983 data sources. Data were extracted from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, censuses, household surveys, disease-specific registries, health service contact data, and other sources. YLDs were calculated by multiplying cause-age-sex-location-year-specific prevalence of sequelae by their respective disability weights, for each disease and injury. YLLs were calculated by multiplying cause-age-sex-location-year-specific deaths by the standard life expectancy at the age that death occurred. DALYs were calculated by summing YLDs and YLLs. HALE estimates were produced using YLDs per capita and age-specific mortality rates by location, age, sex, year, and cause. 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for all final estimates as the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles values of 500 draws. Uncertainty was propagated at each step of the estimation process. Counts and age-standardised rates were calculated globally, for seven super-regions, 21 regions, 204 countries and territories (including 21 countries with subnational locations), and 811 subnational locations, from 1990 to 2021. Here we report data for 2010 to 2021 to highlight trends in disease burden over the past decade and through the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic. FINDINGS Global DALYs increased from 2·63 billion (95% UI 2·44-2·85) in 2010 to 2·88 billion (2·64-3·15) in 2021 for all causes combined. Much of this increase in the number of DALYs was due to population growth and ageing, as indicated by a decrease in global age-standardised all-cause DALY rates of 14·2% (95% UI 10·7-17·3) between 2010 and 2019. Notably, however, this decrease in rates reversed during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, with increases in global age-standardised all-cause DALY rates since 2019 of 4·1% (1·8-6·3) in 2020 and 7·2% (4·7-10·0) in 2021. In 2021, COVID-19 was the leading cause of DALYs globally (212·0 million [198·0-234·5] DALYs), followed by ischaemic heart disease (188·3 million [176·7-198·3]), neonatal disorders (186·3 million [162·3-214·9]), and stroke (160·4 million [148·0-171·7]). However, notable health gains were seen among other leading communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional (CMNN) diseases. Globally between 2010 and 2021, the age-standardised DALY rates for HIV/AIDS decreased by 47·8% (43·3-51·7) and for diarrhoeal diseases decreased by 47·0% (39·9-52·9). Non-communicable diseases contributed 1·73 billion (95% UI 1·54-1·94) DALYs in 2021, with a decrease in age-standardised DALY rates since 2010 of 6·4% (95% UI 3·5-9·5). Between 2010 and 2021, among the 25 leading Level 3 causes, age-standardised DALY rates increased most substantially for anxiety disorders (16·7% [14·0-19·8]), depressive disorders (16·4% [11·9-21·3]), and diabetes (14·0% [10·0-17·4]). Age-standardised DALY rates due to injuries decreased globally by 24·0% (20·7-27·2) between 2010 and 2021, although improvements were not uniform across locations, ages, and sexes. Globally, HALE at birth improved slightly, from 61·3 years (58·6-63·6) in 2010 to 62·2 years (59·4-64·7) in 2021. However, despite this overall increase, HALE decreased by 2·2% (1·6-2·9) between 2019 and 2021. INTERPRETATION Putting the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of causes of health loss is crucial to understanding its impact and ensuring that health funding and policy address needs at both local and global levels through cost-effective and evidence-based interventions. A global epidemiological transition remains underway. Our findings suggest that prioritising non-communicable disease prevention and treatment policies, as well as strengthening health systems, continues to be crucially important. The progress on reducing the burden of CMNN diseases must not stall; although global trends are improving, the burden of CMNN diseases remains unacceptably high. Evidence-based interventions will help save the lives of young children and mothers and improve the overall health and economic conditions of societies across the world. Governments and multilateral organisations should prioritise pandemic preparedness planning alongside efforts to reduce the burden of diseases and injuries that will strain resources in the coming decades. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Collapse
|
2
|
Shirizadeh A, Borzouei S, Razavi Z, Taherkhani A, Faradmal J, Solgi G. Determination of HLA class II risk alleles and prediction of self/non-self-epitopes contributing Hashimoto's thyroiditis in a group of Iranian patients. Immunogenetics 2024:10.1007/s00251-024-01339-7. [PMID: 38607388 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-024-01339-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
One of the probable hypotheses for the onset of autoimmunity is molecular mimicry. This study aimed to determine the HLA-II risk alleles for developing Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) in order to analyze the molecular homology between candidate pathogen-derived epitopes and potentially self-antigens (thyroid peroxidase, TPO) based on the presence of HLA risk alleles. HLA-DRB1/-DQB1 genotyping was performed in 100 HT patients and 330 ethnically matched healthy controls to determine the predisposing/protective alleles for HT disease. Then, in silico analysis was conducted to examine the sequence homology between epitopes derived from autoantigens and four potentially relevant pathogens and their binding capacities to HLA risk alleles based on peptide docking analysis. We identified HLA-DRB1*03:01, *04:02, *04:05, and *11:04 as predisposing alleles and DRB1*13:01 as a potentially predictive allele for HT disease. Also, DRB1*11:04 ~ DQB1*03:01 (Pc = 0.002; OR, 3.97) and DRB1*03:01 ~ DQB1*02:01 (Pc = 0.004; OR, 2.24) haplotypes conferred a predisposing role for HT. Based on logistic regression analysis, carrying risk alleles increased the risk of HT development 4.5 times in our population (P = 7.09E-10). Also, ROC curve analysis revealed a high predictive power of those risk alleles for discrimination of the susceptible from healthy individuals (AUC, 0.70; P = 6.6E-10). Analysis of peptide sequence homology between epitopes of TPO and epitopes derived from four candidate microorganisms revealed a homology between envelop glycoprotein D of herpes virus and sequence 151-199 of TPO with remarkable binding capacity to HLA-DRB1*03:01 allele. Our findings indicate the increased risk of developing HT in those individuals carrying HLA risk alleles which can also be related to herpes virus infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ata Shirizadeh
- Immunology Department, Medical School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Fahmideh Blvd, P.O. Box: 6517838736, Opposite to Lona ParkHamadan, Iran
| | - Shiva Borzouei
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Zahra Razavi
- Pediatrics Department, Medical School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Amir Taherkhani
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Javad Faradmal
- Biostatistics Department, Health School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ghasem Solgi
- Immunology Department, Medical School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Fahmideh Blvd, P.O. Box: 6517838736, Opposite to Lona ParkHamadan, Iran.
- Cancer Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Schumacher AE, Kyu HH, Aali A, Abbafati C, Abbas J, Abbasgholizadeh R, Abbasi MA, Abbasian M, Abd ElHafeez S, Abdelmasseh M, Abd-Elsalam S, Abdelwahab A, Abdollahi M, Abdoun M, Abdullahi A, Abdurehman AM, Abebe M, Abedi A, Abedi A, Abegaz TM, Abeldaño Zuñiga RA, Abhilash ES, Abiodun OO, Aboagye RG, Abolhassani H, Abouzid M, Abreu LG, Abrha WA, Abrigo MRM, Abtahi D, Abu Rumeileh S, Abu-Rmeileh NME, Aburuz S, Abu-Zaid A, Acuna JM, Adair T, Addo IY, Adebayo OM, Adegboye OA, Adekanmbi V, Aden B, Adepoju AV, Adetunji CO, Adeyeoluwa TE, Adeyomoye OI, Adha R, Adibi A, Adikusuma W, Adnani QES, Adra S, Afework A, Afolabi AA, Afraz A, Afyouni S, Afzal S, Agasthi P, Aghamiri S, Agodi A, Agyemang-Duah W, Ahinkorah BO, Ahmad A, Ahmad D, Ahmad F, Ahmad MM, Ahmad T, Ahmadi K, Ahmadzade AM, Ahmadzade M, Ahmed A, Ahmed H, Ahmed LA, Ahmed MB, Ahmed SA, Ajami M, Aji B, Ajumobi O, Akalu GT, Akara EM, Akinosoglou K, Akkala S, Akyirem S, Al Hamad H, Al Hasan SM, Al Homsi A, Al Qadire M, Ala M, Aladelusi TO, AL-Ahdal TMA, Alalalmeh SO, Al-Aly Z, Alam K, Alam M, Alam Z, Al-amer RM, Alanezi FM, Alanzi TM, Albashtawy M, AlBataineh MT, Aldridge RW, Alemi S, Al-Eyadhy A, Al-Gheethi AAS, Alhabib KF, Alhalaiqa FAN, Al-Hanawi MK, Ali A, Ali A, Ali BA, Ali H, Ali MU, Ali R, Ali SSS, Ali Z, Alian Samakkhah S, Alicandro G, Alif SM, Aligol M, Alimi R, Aliyi AA, Al-Jumaily A, Aljunid SM, Almahmeed W, Al-Marwani S, Al-Maweri SAA, Almazan JU, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Almidani O, Alomari MA, Alonso N, Alqahtani JS, Alqutaibi AY, Al-Sabah SK, Altaf A, Al-Tawfiq JA, Altirkawi KA, Alvi FJ, Alwafi H, Al-Worafi YM, Aly H, Alzoubi KH, Amare AT, Ameyaw EK, Amhare AF, Amin TT, Amindarolzarbi A, Aminian Dehkordi J, Amiri S, Amu H, Amugsi DA, Amzat J, Ancuceanu R, Anderlini D, Andrade PP, Andrei CL, Andrei T, Angappan D, Anil A, Anjum A, Antony CM, Antriyandarti E, Anuoluwa IA, Anwar SL, Anyasodor AE, Appiah SCY, Aqeel M, Arabloo J, Arabzadeh Bahri R, Arab-Zozani M, Arafat M, Araújo AM, Aravkin AY, Aremu A, Ariffin H, Aripov T, Armocida B, Arooj M, Artamonov AA, Artanti KD, Arulappan J, Aruleba IT, Aruleba RT, Arumugam A, Asaad M, Asgary S, Ashemo MY, Ashraf M, Asika MO, Athari SS, Atout MMW, Atreya A, Attia S, Aujayeb A, Avan A, Awotidebe AW, Ayala Quintanilla BP, Ayanore MA, Ayele GM, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Ayyoubzadeh SM, Azadnajafabad S, Azhar GS, Aziz S, Azzam AY, Babashahi M, Babu AS, Badar M, Badawi A, Badiye AD, Baghdadi S, Bagheri N, Bagherieh S, Bah S, Bahadorikhalili S, Bai J, Bai R, Baker JL, Bakkannavar SM, Bako AT, Balakrishnan S, Balogun SA, Baltatu OC, Bam K, Banach M, Bandyopadhyay S, Banik B, Banik PC, Bansal H, Barati S, Barchitta M, Bardhan M, Barker-Collo SL, Barone-Adesi F, Barqawi HJ, Barr RD, Barrero LH, Basharat Z, Bashir AIJ, Bashiru HA, Baskaran P, Basnyat B, Bassat Q, Basso JD, Basu S, Batra K, Batra R, Baune BT, Bayati M, Bayileyegn NS, Beaney T, Bedi N, Begum T, Behboudi E, Behnoush AH, Beiranvand M, Bejarano Ramirez DF, Belgaumi UI, Bell ML, Bello AK, Bello MB, Bello OO, Belo L, Beloukas A, Bendak S, Bennett DA, Bensenor IM, Benzian H, Berezvai Z, Berman AE, Bermudez ANC, Bettencourt PJG, Beyene HB, Beyene KA, Bhagat DS, Bhagavathula AS, Bhala N, Bhalla A, Bhandari D, Bhardwaj N, Bhardwaj P, Bhardwaj PV, Bhargava A, Bhaskar S, Bhat V, Bhatti GK, Bhatti JS, Bhatti MS, Bhatti R, Bhutta ZA, Bikbov B, Binmadi N, Bintoro BS, Biondi A, Bisignano C, Bisulli F, Biswas A, Biswas RK, Bitaraf S, Bjørge T, Bleyer A, Boampong MS, Bodolica V, Bodunrin AO, Bolarinwa OA, Bonakdar Hashemi M, Bonny A, Bora K, Bora Basara B, Borodo SB, Borschmann R, Botero Carvajal A, Bouaoud S, Boudalia S, Boyko EJ, Bragazzi NL, Braithwaite D, Brenner H, Britton G, Browne AJ, Brunoni AR, Bulamu NB, Bulto LN, Buonsenso D, Burkart K, Burns RA, Burugina Nagaraja S, Busse R, Bustanji Y, Butt ZA, Caetano dos Santos FL, Cai T, Calina D, Cámera LA, Campos LA, Campos-Nonato IR, Cao C, Cardenas CA, Cárdenas R, Carr S, Carreras G, Carrero JJ, Carugno A, Carvalho F, Carvalho M, Castaldelli-Maia JM, Castañeda-Orjuela CA, Castelpietra G, Catalá-López F, Catapano AL, Cattaruzza MS, Caye A, Cederroth CR, Cembranel F, Cenderadewi M, Cercy KM, Cerin E, Cevik M, Chacón-Uscamaita PRU, Chahine Y, Chakraborty C, Chan JSK, Chang CK, Charalampous P, Charan J, Chattu VK, Chatzimavridou-Grigoriadou V, Chavula MP, Cheema HA, Chen AT, Chen H, Chen L, Chen MX, Chen S, Cherbuin N, Chew DS, Chi G, Chirinos-Caceres JL, Chitheer A, Cho SMJ, Cho WCS, Chong B, Chopra H, Choudhary R, Chowdhury R, Chu DT, Chukwu IS, Chung E, Chung E, Chung SC, Cini KI, Clark CCT, Coberly K, Columbus A, Comfort H, Conde J, Conti S, Cortesi PA, Costa VM, Cousin E, Cowden RG, Criqui MH, Cruz-Martins N, Culbreth GT, Cullen P, Cunningham M, da Silva e Silva D, Dadana S, Dadras O, Dai Z, Dalal K, Dalli LL, Damiani G, D'Amico E, Daneshvar S, Darwesh AM, Das JK, Das S, Dash NR, Dashti M, Dávila-Cervantes CA, Davis Weaver N, Davletov K, De Leo D, Debele AT, Degenhardt L, Dehbandi R, Deitesfeld L, Delgado-Enciso I, Delgado-Ortiz L, Demant D, Demessa BH, Demetriades AK, Deng X, Denova-Gutiérrez E, Deribe K, Dervenis N, Des Jarlais DC, Desai HD, Desai R, Deuba K, Devanbu VGC, Dey S, Dhali A, Dhama K, Dhimal ML, Dhimal M, Dhingra S, Dias da Silva D, Diaz D, Dima A, Ding DD, Dirac MA, Dixit A, Dixit SG, Do TC, Do THP, do Prado CB, Dodangeh M, Dokova KG, Dolecek C, Dorsey ER, dos Santos WM, Doshi R, Doshmangir L, Douiri A, Dowou RK, Driscoll TR, Dsouza HL, Dube J, Dumith SC, Dunachie SJ, Duncan BB, Duraes AR, Duraisamy S, Durojaiye OC, Dutta S, Dzianach PA, Dziedzic AM, Ebenezer O, Eboreime E, Ebrahimi A, Echieh CP, Ed-Dra A, Edinur HA, Edvardsson D, Edvardsson K, Efendi D, Efendi F, Eghdami S, Eikemo TA, Eini E, Ekholuenetale M, Ekpor E, Ekundayo TC, El Arab RA, El Morsi DAW, El Sayed Zaki M, El Tantawi M, Elbarazi I, Elemam NM, Elgar FJ, Elgendy IY, ElGohary GMT, Elhabashy HR, Elhadi M, Elmeligy OAA, Elshaer M, Elsohaby I, Emami Zeydi A, Emamverdi M, Emeto TI, Engelbert Bain L, Erkhembayar R, Eshetie TC, Eskandarieh S, Espinosa-Montero J, Estep K, Etaee F, Eze UA, Fabin N, Fadaka AO, Fagbamigbe AF, Fahimi S, Falzone L, Farinha CSES, Faris MEM, Farjoud Kouhanjani M, Faro A, Farrokhpour H, Fatehizadeh A, Fattahi H, Fauk NK, Fazeli P, Feigin VL, Fekadu G, Fereshtehnejad SM, Feroze AH, Ferrante D, Ferrara P, Ferreira N, Fetensa G, Filip I, Fischer F, Flavel J, Flaxman AD, Flor LS, Florin BT, Folayan MO, Foley KM, Fomenkov AA, Force LM, Fornari C, Foroutan B, Foschi M, Francis KL, Franklin RC, Freitas A, Friedman J, Friedman SD, Fukumoto T, Fuller JE, Gaal PA, Gadanya MA, Gaihre S, Gaipov A, Gakidou E, Galali Y, Galehdar N, Gallus S, Gan Q, Gandhi AP, Ganesan B, Garg J, Gau SY, Gautam P, Gautam RK, Gazzelloni F, Gebregergis MW, Gebrehiwot M, Gebremariam TB, Gerema U, Getachew ME, Getachew T, Gething PW, Ghafourifard M, Ghahramani S, Ghailan KY, Ghajar A, Ghanbarnia MJ, Ghasemi M, Ghasemzadeh A, Ghassemi F, Ghazy RM, Ghimire S, Gholamian A, Gholamrezanezhad A, Ghorbani Vajargah P, Ghozali G, Ghozy S, Ghuge AD, Gialluisi A, Gibson RM, Gil AU, Gill PS, Gill TK, Gillum RF, Ginindza TG, Girmay A, Glasbey JC, Gnedovskaya EV, Göbölös L, Goel A, Goldust M, Golechha M, Goleij P, Golestanfar A, Golinelli D, Gona PN, Goudarzi H, Goudarzian AH, Goyal A, Greenhalgh S, Grivna M, Guarducci G, Gubari MIM, Gudeta MD, Guha A, Guicciardi S, Gunawardane DA, Gunturu S, Guo C, Gupta AK, Gupta B, Gupta IR, Gupta RD, Gupta S, Gupta VB, Gupta VK, Gupta VK, Gutiérrez RA, Habibzadeh F, Habibzadeh P, Hachinski V, Haddadi M, Haddadi R, Haep N, Hajj Ali A, Halboub ES, Halim SA, Hall BJ, Haller S, Halwani R, Hamadeh RR, Hamagharib Abdullah K, Hamidi S, Hamiduzzaman M, Hammoud A, Hanifi N, Hankey GJ, Hannan MA, Haque MN, Harapan H, Haro JM, Hasaballah AI, Hasan F, Hasan I, Hasan MT, Hasani H, Hasanian M, Hasanpour- Dehkordi A, Hassan AM, Hassan A, Hassanian-Moghaddam H, Hassanipour S, Haubold J, Havmoeller RJ, Hay SI, Hbid Y, Hebert JJ, Hegazi OE, Heidari G, Heidari M, Heidari-Foroozan M, Heidari-Soureshjani R, Helfer B, Herteliu C, Hesami H, Hettiarachchi D, Heyi DZ, Hezam K, Hiraike Y, Hoffman HJ, Holla R, Horita N, Hossain MB, Hossain MM, Hossain S, Hosseini MS, Hosseinzadeh H, Hosseinzadeh M, Hostiuc M, Hostiuc S, Hsairi M, Hsieh VCR, Hu C, Huang J, Huda MN, Hugo FN, Hultström M, Hussain J, Hussain S, Hussein NR, Huy LD, Huynh HH, Hwang BF, Ibitoye SE, Idowu OO, Ijo D, Ikuta KS, Ilaghi M, Ilesanmi OS, Ilic IM, Ilic MD, Immurana M, Inbaraj LR, Iradukunda A, Iravanpour F, Iregbu KC, Islam MR, Islam MM, Islam SMS, Islami F, Ismail NE, Isola G, Iwagami M, Iwu CCD, Iwu-Jaja CJ, Iyer M, J LM, Jaafari J, Jacob L, Jacobsen KH, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Jafarinia M, Jaggi K, Jahankhani K, Jahanmehr N, Jahrami H, Jain A, Jain N, Jairoun AA, Jakovljevic M, Jalilzadeh Yengejeh R, Jamshidi E, Jani CT, Janko MM, Jatau AI, Jayapal SK, Jayaram S, Jeganathan J, Jema AT, Jemere DM, Jeong W, Jha AK, Jha RP, Ji JS, Jiang H, Jin Y, Jin Y, Johnson O, Jomehzadeh N, Jones DP, Joo T, Joseph A, Joseph N, Joshua CE, Jozwiak JJ, Jürisson M, Kaambwa B, Kabir A, Kabir H, Kabir Z, Kadashetti V, Kahe F, Kakodkar PV, Kalani R, Kalankesh LR, Kaliyadan F, Kalra S, Kamath A, Kamireddy A, Kanagasabai T, Kandel H, Kanmiki EW, Kanmodi KK, Kantar RS, Kapoor N, Karajizadeh M, Karami Matin B, Karanth SD, Karaye IM, Karim A, Karimi H, Karimi SE, Karimi Behnagh A, Karkhah S, Karna AK, Kashoo FZ, Kasraei H, Kassaw NA, Kassebaum NJ, Kassel MB, Katamreddy A, Katikireddi SV, Katoto PDMC, Kauppila JH, Kaur N, Kaydi N, Kayibanda JF, Kayode GA, Kazemi F, Kazemian S, Kazeminia S, Keikavoosi-Arani L, Keller C, Kempen JH, Kerr JA, Kesse-Guyot E, Keykhaei M, Khadembashiri MM, Khadembashiri MA, Khafaie MA, Khajuria H, Khalafi M, Khalaji A, Khalid N, Khalil IA, Khamesipour F, Khan A, Khan G, Khan I, Khan IA, Khan M, Khan MAB, Khan T, Khan suheb MZ, Khanmohammadi S, Khatab K, Khatami F, Khavandegar A, Khayat Kashani HR, Kheirallah KA, Khidri FF, Khodadoust E, Khormali M, Khosrowjerdi M, Khubchandani J, Khusun H, Kifle ZD, Kim G, Kim J, Kimokoti RW, Kinzel KE, Kiross GT, Kisa A, Kisa S, Kiss JB, Kivimäki M, Klu D, Knudsen AKS, Kolahi AA, Kompani F, Koren G, Kosen S, Kostev K, Kotnis AL, Koul PA, Koulmane Laxminarayana SL, Koyanagi A, Kravchenko MA, Krishan K, Krishna H, Krishnamoorthy V, Krishnamoorthy Y, Krohn KJ, Kuate Defo B, Kubeisy CM, Kucuk Bicer B, Kuddus MA, Kuddus M, Kuitunen I, Kujan O, Kulimbet M, Kulkarni V, Kumar A, Kumar H, Kumar N, Kumar R, Kumar S, Kumari M, Kurmanova A, Kurmi OP, Kusnali A, Kusuma D, Kutluk T, Kuttikkattu A, Kyei EF, Kyriopoulos I, La Vecchia C, Ladan MA, Laflamme L, Lahariya C, Lahmar A, Lai DTC, Laksono T, Lal DK, Lalloo R, Lallukka T, Lám J, Lamnisos D, Lan T, Lanfranchi F, Langguth B, Lansingh VC, Laplante-Lévesque A, Larijani B, Larsson AO, Lasrado S, Latief K, Latif M, Latifinaibin K, Lauriola P, Le LKD, Le NHH, Le TTT, Le TDT, Lee M, Lee PH, Lee SW, Lee SW, Lee WC, Lee YH, Legesse SM, Leigh J, Lenzi J, Leong E, Lerango TL, Li MC, Li W, Li X, Li Y, Li Z, Libra M, Ligade VS, Likaka ATM, Lim LL, Lin RT, Lin S, Lioutas VA, Listl S, Liu J, Liu S, Liu X, Livingstone KM, Llanaj E, Lo CH, Loreche AM, Lorenzovici L, Lotfi M, Lotfizadeh M, Lozano R, Lubinda J, Lucchetti G, Lugo A, Lunevicius R, Ma J, Ma S, Ma ZF, Mabrok M, Machairas N, Machoy M, Madsen C, Magaña Gómez JA, Maghazachi AA, Maharaj SB, Maharjan P, Mahjoub S, Mahmoud MA, Mahmoudi E, Mahmoudi M, Makram OM, Malagón-Rojas JN, Malakan Rad E, Malekzadeh R, Malhotra AK, Malhotra K, Malik AA, Malik I, Malinga LA, Malta DC, Mamun AA, Manla Y, Mannan F, Mansoori Y, Mansour A, Mansouri V, Mansournia MA, Mantovani LG, Marasini BP, Marateb HR, Maravilla JC, Marconi AM, Mardi P, Marino M, Marjani A, Marrugo Arnedo CA, Martinez-Guerra BA, Martinez-Piedra R, Martins CA, Martins-Melo FR, Martorell M, Marx W, Maryam S, Marzo RR, Mate KKV, Matei CN, Mathioudakis AG, Maude RJ, Maugeri A, May EA, Mayeli M, Mazaheri M, Mazidi M, Mazzotti A, McAlinden C, McGrath JJ, McKee M, McKowen ALW, McLaughlin SA, McPhail MA, McPhail SM, Mechili EA, Mediratta RP, Meena JK, Mehari M, Mehlman ML, Mehra R, Mehrabani-Zeinabad K, Mehrabi Nasab E, Mehrotra R, Mekonnen MM, Mendoza W, Menezes RG, Mengesha EW, Mensah GA, Mensah LG, Mentis AFA, Meo SA, Meretoja A, Meretoja TJ, Mersha AM, Mesfin BA, Mestrovic T, Mhlanga A, Mhlanga L, Mi T, Micha G, Michalek IM, Miller TR, Mindlin SN, Minelli G, Minh LHN, Mini GK, Minja NW, Mirdamadi N, Mirghafourvand M, Mirica A, Mirinezhad SK, Mirmosayyeb O, Mirutse MK, Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari M, Mirzaei M, Misgana T, Misra S, Mitchell PB, Mithra P, Mittal C, Mittal M, Moazen B, Mohamed AI, Mohamed J, Mohamed MFH, Mohamed NS, Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi S, Mohammadi S, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A, Mohammad-pour S, Mohammadshahi M, Mohammed M, Mohammed S, Mohammed S, Mojiri-forushani H, Mokdad AH, Mokhtarzadehazar P, Momenzadeh K, Momtazmanesh S, Monasta L, Moni MA, Montazeri F, Moodi Ghalibaf A, Moradi M, Moradi Y, Moradi-Lakeh M, Moradinazar M, Moradpour F, Moraga P, Morawska L, Moreira RS, Morovatdar N, Morrison SD, Morze J, Mosaddeghi Heris R, Mosser JF, Mossialos E, Mostafavi H, Mostofinejad A, Mougin V, Mouodi S, Mousavi P, Mousavi SE, Mousavi Khaneghah A, Mpundu-Kaambwa C, Mrejen M, Mubarik S, Muccioli L, Mueller UO, Mughal F, Mukherjee S, Mukoro GD, Mulita A, Mulita F, Muniyandi M, Munjal K, Musaigwa F, Musallam KM, Mustafa G, Muthu S, Muthupandian S, Myung W, Nabhan AF, Nafukho FM, Nagarajan AJ, Naghavi M, Naghavi P, Naik GR, Naik G, Naimzada MD, Nair S, Nair TS, Najmuldeen HHR, Naldi L, Nangia V, Nargus S, Nascimento BR, Nascimento GG, Naser AY, Nasiri MJ, Natto ZS, Nauman J, Naveed M, Nayak BP, Nayak VC, Nayyar AK, Nazri-Panjaki A, Negash H, Negero AK, Negoi I, Negoi RI, Negru SM, Nejadghaderi SA, Nejjari C, Nematollahi MH, Nena E, Nepal S, Nesbit OD, Newton CRJ, Ngunjiri JW, Nguyen DH, Nguyen PT, Nguyen PT, Nguyen TT, Nguyen VT, Nigatu YT, Nikolouzakis TK, Nikoobar A, Nikpoor AR, Nizam MA, Nomura S, Noreen M, Noroozi N, Norouzian Baghani A, Norrving B, Noubiap JJ, Novotney A, Nri-Ezedi CA, Ntaios G, Ntsekhe M, Nuñez-Samudio V, Nurrika D, Oancea B, Obamiro KO, Odetokun IA, Ofakunrin AOD, Ogunsakin RE, Oguta JO, Oh IH, Okati-Aliabad H, Okeke SR, Okekunle AP, Okidi L, Okonji OC, Okwute PG, Olagunju AT, Olaiya MT, Olanipekun TO, Olatubi MI, Olivas-Martinez A, Oliveira GMM, Oliver S, Olorukooba AA, Olufadewa II, Olusanya BO, Olusanya JO, Oluwafemi YD, Oluwatunase GO, Omar HA, Omer GL, Ong S, Onwujekwe OE, Onyedibe KI, Opio JN, Ordak M, Orellana ER, Orisakwe OE, Orish VN, Orru H, Ortega-Altamirano DV, Ortiz A, Ortiz-Brizuela E, Ortiz-Prado E, Osuagwu UL, Otoiu A, Otstavnov N, Ouyahia A, Ouyang G, Owolabi MO, Oyeyemi IT, Oyeyemi OT, Ozten Y, P A MP, Padubidri JR, Pahlavikhah Varnosfaderani M, Pal PK, Palicz T, Palladino C, Palladino R, Palma-Alvarez RF, Pana A, Panahi P, Pandey A, Pandi-Perumal SR, Pando-Robles V, Pangaribuan HU, Panos GD, Pantazopoulos I, Papadopoulou P, Pardhan S, Parikh RR, Park S, Parthasarathi A, Pashaei A, Pasupula DK, Patel JR, Patel SK, Pathan AR, Patil A, Patil S, Patoulias D, Patthipati VS, Paudel U, Pawar S, Pazoki Toroudi H, Pease SA, Peden AE, Pedersini P, Peng M, Pensato U, Pepito VCF, Peprah EK, Pereira G, Pereira J, Pereira M, Peres MFP, Perianayagam A, Perico N, Petcu IR, Petermann-Rocha FE, Pezzani R, Pham HT, Phillips MR, Pierannunzio D, Pigeolet M, Pigott DM, Pilgrim T, Pinheiro M, Piradov MA, Plakkal N, Plotnikov E, Poddighe D, Pollner P, Poluru R, Pond CD, Postma MJ, Poudel GR, Poudel L, Pourali G, Pourtaheri N, Prada SI, Pradhan PMS, Prajapati VK, Prakash V, Prasad CP, Prasad M, Prashant A, Prates EJS, Purnobasuki H, Purohit BM, Puvvula J, Qaisar R, Qasim NH, Qattea I, Qian G, Quan NK, Radfar A, Radhakrishnan V, Raee P, Raeisi Shahraki H, Rafiei Alavi SN, Rafique I, Raggi A, Rahim F, Rahman MM, Rahman M, Rahman MA, Rahman T, Rahmani AM, Rahmani S, Rahnavard N, Rai P, Rajaa S, Rajabpour-Sanati A, Rajput P, Ram P, Ramadan H, Ramasamy SK, Ramazanu S, Rana J, Rana K, Ranabhat CL, Rancic N, Rani S, Ranjan S, Rao CR, Rao IR, Rao M, Rao SJ, Rasali DP, Rasella D, Rashedi S, Rashedi V, Rashid AM, Rasouli-Saravani A, Rastogi P, Rasul A, Ravangard R, Ravikumar N, Rawaf DL, Rawaf S, Rawassizadeh R, Razeghian-Jahromi I, Reddy MMRK, Redwan EMM, Rehman FU, Reiner Jr RC, Remuzzi G, Reshmi B, Resnikoff S, Reyes LF, Rezaee M, Rezaei N, Rezaei N, Rezaeian M, Riaz MA, Ribeiro AI, Ribeiro DC, Rickard J, Rios-Blancas MJ, Robinson-Oden HE, Rodrigues M, Rodriguez JAB, Roever L, Rohilla R, Rohloff P, Romadlon DS, Ronfani L, Roshandel G, Roshanzamir S, Rostamian M, Roy B, Roy P, Rubagotti E, Rumisha SF, Rwegerera GM, Rynkiewicz A, S M, S N C, S Sunnerhagen K, Saad AMA, Sabbatucci M, Saber K, Saber-Ayad MM, Sacco S, Saddik B, Saddler A, Sadee BA, Sadeghi E, Sadeghi M, Sadeghian S, Saeed U, Saeedi M, Safi S, Sagar R, Saghazadeh A, Saheb Sharif-Askari N, Sahoo SS, Sahraian MA, Sajedi SA, Sajid MR, Sakshaug JW, Salahi S, Salahi S, Salamati P, Salami AA, Salaroli LB, Saleh MA, Salehi S, Salem MR, Salem MZY, Salimi S, Samadi Kafil H, Samadzadeh S, Samara KA, Samargandy S, Samodra YL, Samuel VP, Samy AM, Sanabria J, Sanadgol N, Sanganyado E, Sanjeev RK, Sanmarchi F, Sanna F, Santri IN, Santric-Milicevic MM, Sarasmita MA, Saravanan A, Saravi B, Sarikhani Y, Sarkar C, Sarmiento-Suárez R, Sarode GS, Sarode SC, Sarveazad A, Sathian B, Sathish T, Sattin D, Saulam J, Sawyer SM, Saxena S, Saya GK, Sayadi Y, Sayeed A, Sayeed MA, Saylan M, Scarmeas N, Schaarschmidt BM, Schlee W, Schmidt MI, Schuermans A, Schwebel DC, Schwendicke F, Šekerija M, Selvaraj S, Semreen MH, Senapati S, Sengupta P, Senthilkumaran S, Sepanlou SG, Serban D, Sertsu A, Sethi Y, SeyedAlinaghi S, Seyedi SA, Shafaat A, Shafaat O, Shafie M, Shafiee A, Shah NS, Shah PA, Shahabi S, Shahbandi A, Shahid I, Shahid S, Shahid W, Shahwan MJ, Shaikh MA, Shakeri A, Shakil H, Sham S, Shamim MA, Shams-Beyranvand M, Shamshad H, Shamshirgaran MA, Shamsi MA, Shanawaz M, Shankar A, Sharfaei S, Sharifan A, Shariff M, Sharifi-Rad J, Sharma M, Sharma R, Sharma S, Sharma V, Shastry RP, Shavandi A, Shaw DH, Shayan AM, Shehabeldine AME, Sheikh A, Sheikhi RA, Shen J, Shenoy MM, Shetty BSK, Shetty RS, Shey RA, Shiani A, Shibuya K, Shiferaw D, Shigematsu M, Shin JI, Shin MJ, Shiri R, Shirkoohi R, Shittu A, Shiue I, Shivakumar KM, Shivarov V, Shool S, Shrestha S, Shuja KH, Shuval K, Si Y, Sibhat MM, Siddig EE, Sigfusdottir ID, Silva JP, Silva LMLR, Silva S, Simões JP, Simpson CR, Singal A, Singh A, Singh A, Singh A, Singh BB, Singh B, Singh M, Singh M, Singh NP, Singh P, Singh S, Siraj MS, Sitas F, Sivakumar S, Skryabin VY, Skryabina AA, Sleet DA, Slepak ELN, Sohrabi H, Soleimani H, Soliman SSM, Solmi M, Solomon Y, Song Y, Sorensen RJD, Soriano JB, Soyiri IN, Spartalis M, Sreeramareddy CT, Starnes JR, Starodubov VI, Starodubova AV, Stefan SC, Stein DJ, Steinbeis F, Steiropoulos P, Stockfelt L, Stokes MA, Stortecky S, Stranges S, Stroumpoulis K, Suleman M, Suliankatchi Abdulkader R, Sultana A, Sun J, Sunkersing D, Susanty S, Swain CK, Sykes BL, Szarpak L, Szeto MD, Szócska M, Tabaee Damavandi P, Tabatabaei Malazy O, Tabatabaeizadeh SA, Tabatabai S, Tabb KM, Tabish M, Taborda-Barata LM, Tabuchi T, Tadesse BT, Taheri A, Taheri Abkenar Y, Taheri Soodejani M, Taherkhani A, Taiba J, Tajbakhsh A, Talaat IM, Talukder A, Tamuzi JL, Tan KK, Tang H, Tang HK, Tat NY, Tat VY, Tavakoli Oliaee R, Tavangar SM, Taveira N, Tebeje TM, Tefera YM, Teimoori M, Temsah MH, Temsah RMH, Teramoto M, Tesfaye SH, Thangaraju P, Thankappan KR, Thapa R, Thapar R, Thomas N, Thrift AG, Thum CCC, Tian J, Tichopad A, Ticoalu JHV, Tiruye TY, Tohidast SA, Tonelli M, Touvier M, Tovani-Palone MR, Tram KH, Tran NM, Trico D, Trihandini I, Tromans SJ, Truong VT, Truyen TTTT, Tsermpini EE, Tumurkhuu M, Tung K, Tyrovolas S, Ubah CS, Udoakang AJ, Udoh A, Ulhaq I, Ullah S, Ullah S, Umair M, Umar TP, Umeokonkwo CD, Umesh A, Unim B, Unnikrishnan B, Upadhyay E, Urso D, Vacante M, Vahdani AM, Vaithinathan AG, Valadan Tahbaz S, Valizadeh R, Van den Eynde J, Varavikova E, Varga O, Varma SA, Vart P, Varthya SB, Vasankari TJ, Veerman LJ, Venketasubramanian N, Venugopal D, Verghese NA, Verma M, Verma P, Veroux M, Verras GI, Vervoort D, Vieira RJ, Villafañe JH, Villani L, Villanueva GI, Villeneuve PJ, Violante FS, Visontay R, Vlassov V, Vo B, Vollset SE, Volovat SR, Volovici V, Vongpradith A, Vos T, Vujcic IS, Vukovic R, Wado YD, Wafa HA, Waheed Y, Wamai RG, Wang C, Wang D, Wang F, Wang S, Wang S, Wang Y, Wang YP, Ward P, Watson S, Weaver MR, Weerakoon KG, Weiss DJ, Weldemariam AH, Wells KM, Wen YF, Werdecker A, Westerman R, Wickramasinghe DP, Wickramasinghe ND, Wijeratne T, Wilson S, Wojewodzic MW, Wool EE, Woolf AD, Wu D, Wulandari RD, Xiao H, Xu B, Xu X, Yadav L, Yaghoubi S, Yang L, Yano Y, Yao Y, Ye P, Yesera GE, Yesodharan R, Yesuf SA, Yiğit A, Yiğit V, Yip P, Yon DK, Yonemoto N, You Y, Younis MZ, Yu C, Zadey S, Zadnik V, Zafari N, Zahedi M, Zahid MN, Zahir M, Zakham F, Zaki N, Zakzuk J, Zamagni G, Zaman BA, Zaman SB, Zamora N, Zand R, Zandi M, Zandieh GGZ, Zanghì A, Zare I, Zastrozhin MS, Zeariya MGM, Zeng Y, Zhai C, Zhang C, Zhang H, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Zhao H, Zhao Y, Zhao Y, Zheng P, Zhong C, Zhou J, Zhu B, Zhu Z, Ziaeefar P, Zielińska M, Zou Z, Zumla A, Zweck E, Zyoud SH, Lim SS, Murray CJL. Global age-sex-specific mortality, life expectancy, and population estimates in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1950-2021, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet 2024:S0140-6736(24)00476-8. [PMID: 38484753 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(24)00476-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estimates of demographic metrics are crucial to assess levels and trends of population health outcomes. The profound impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on populations worldwide has underscored the need for timely estimates to understand this unprecedented event within the context of long-term population health trends. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 provides new demographic estimates for 204 countries and territories and 811 additional subnational locations from 1950 to 2021, with a particular emphasis on changes in mortality and life expectancy that occurred during the 2020-21 COVID-19 pandemic period. METHODS 22 223 data sources from vital registration, sample registration, surveys, censuses, and other sources were used to estimate mortality, with a subset of these sources used exclusively to estimate excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic. 2026 data sources were used for population estimation. Additional sources were used to estimate migration; the effects of the HIV epidemic; and demographic discontinuities due to conflicts, famines, natural disasters, and pandemics, which are used as inputs for estimating mortality and population. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate under-5 mortality rates, which synthesised 30 763 location-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 1365 surveys and censuses, and 80 other sources. ST-GPR was also used to estimate adult mortality (between ages 15 and 59 years) based on information from 31 642 location-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 355 surveys and censuses, and 24 other sources. Estimates of child and adult mortality rates were then used to generate life tables with a relational model life table system. For countries with large HIV epidemics, life tables were adjusted using independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated via an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys, antenatal clinic serosurveillance, and other data sources. Excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021 was determined by subtracting observed all-cause mortality (adjusted for late registration and mortality anomalies) from the mortality expected in the absence of the pandemic. Expected mortality was calculated based on historical trends using an ensemble of models. In location-years where all-cause mortality data were unavailable, we estimated excess mortality rates using a regression model with covariates pertaining to the pandemic. Population size was computed using a Bayesian hierarchical cohort component model. Life expectancy was calculated using age-specific mortality rates and standard demographic methods. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were calculated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered values from a 1000-draw posterior distribution. FINDINGS Global all-cause mortality followed two distinct patterns over the study period: age-standardised mortality rates declined between 1950 and 2019 (a 62·8% [95% UI 60·5-65·1] decline), and increased during the COVID-19 pandemic period (2020-21; 5·1% [0·9-9·6] increase). In contrast with the overall reverse in mortality trends during the pandemic period, child mortality continued to decline, with 4·66 million (3·98-5·50) global deaths in children younger than 5 years in 2021 compared with 5·21 million (4·50-6·01) in 2019. An estimated 131 million (126-137) people died globally from all causes in 2020 and 2021 combined, of which 15·9 million (14·7-17·2) were due to the COVID-19 pandemic (measured by excess mortality, which includes deaths directly due to SARS-CoV-2 infection and those indirectly due to other social, economic, or behavioural changes associated with the pandemic). Excess mortality rates exceeded 150 deaths per 100 000 population during at least one year of the pandemic in 80 countries and territories, whereas 20 nations had a negative excess mortality rate in 2020 or 2021, indicating that all-cause mortality in these countries was lower during the pandemic than expected based on historical trends. Between 1950 and 2021, global life expectancy at birth increased by 22·7 years (20·8-24·8), from 49·0 years (46·7-51·3) to 71·7 years (70·9-72·5). Global life expectancy at birth declined by 1·6 years (1·0-2·2) between 2019 and 2021, reversing historical trends. An increase in life expectancy was only observed in 32 (15·7%) of 204 countries and territories between 2019 and 2021. The global population reached 7·89 billion (7·67-8·13) people in 2021, by which time 56 of 204 countries and territories had peaked and subsequently populations have declined. The largest proportion of population growth between 2020 and 2021 was in sub-Saharan Africa (39·5% [28·4-52·7]) and south Asia (26·3% [9·0-44·7]). From 2000 to 2021, the ratio of the population aged 65 years and older to the population aged younger than 15 years increased in 188 (92·2%) of 204 nations. INTERPRETATION Global adult mortality rates markedly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021, reversing past decreasing trends, while child mortality rates continued to decline, albeit more slowly than in earlier years. Although COVID-19 had a substantial impact on many demographic indicators during the first 2 years of the pandemic, overall global health progress over the 72 years evaluated has been profound, with considerable improvements in mortality and life expectancy. Additionally, we observed a deceleration of global population growth since 2017, despite steady or increasing growth in lower-income countries, combined with a continued global shift of population age structures towards older ages. These demographic changes will likely present future challenges to health systems, economies, and societies. The comprehensive demographic estimates reported here will enable researchers, policy makers, health practitioners, and other key stakeholders to better understand and address the profound changes that have occurred in the global health landscape following the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, and longer-term trends beyond the pandemic. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Collapse
|
4
|
Amini R, Moradi S, Najafi R, Mazdeh M, Taherkhani A. BACE1 Inhibition Utilizing Organic Compounds Holds Promise as a Potential Treatment for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2024; 2024:6654606. [PMID: 38425997 PMCID: PMC10904208 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6654606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Background Neurological disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) manifest through gradually deteriorating cognitive functions. An encouraging strategy for addressing these disorders involves the inhibition of precursor-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1). Objectives In the current research, a virtual screening technique was employed to identify potential BACE1 inhibitors among selected herbal isolates. Methods This study evaluated 79 flavonoids, anthraquinones (AQs), and cinnamic acid derivatives for their potential blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Using the AutoDock 4.0 tool, molecular docking analysis was conducted to determine the binding affinity of BBB permeable compounds to the BACE1 active site. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to assess the stability of the docked poses of the most potent inhibitors. The interactions between the most effective plant-based inhibitors and the residues within the BACE1 catalytic site were examined before and after MD simulations. Results Ponciretin, danthron, chrysophanol, and N-p-coumaroyltyramine were among the highest-ranking BACE1 inhibitors, with inhibition constant values calculated in the nanomolar range. Furthermore, during 10 ns simulations, the docked poses of these ligands were observed to be stable. Conclusion The findings propose that ponciretin, danthron, chrysophanol, and N-p-coumaroyltyramine might serve as potential choices for the treatment of AD and PD, laying the groundwork for the creation of innovative BACE1 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Amini
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Shadi Moradi
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Rezvan Najafi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mehrdokht Mazdeh
- Hearing Disorders Research Cerner, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Amir Taherkhani
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Azimzadeh M, Greco G, Farmani A, Pourhajibagher M, Taherkhani A, Alikhani MY, Bahador A. Synergistic effects of nano curcumin mediated photodynamic inactivation and nano-silver@colistin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 45:103971. [PMID: 38218569 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.103971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with burn injuries colonized by multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa face increased mortality risk. The efficacy of colistin, a last-resort treatment, is declining as resistance levels rise. P. aeruginosa's robust biofilm exacerbates antibiotic resistance. Photodynamic Inactivation (PDI) shows promise in fighting biofilm. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nano curcumin (nCur) particles were synthesized, and their chemical characteristics were determined using zeta potential (ZP), dynamic light scattering analysis (DLS), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, and fourier transform infrared (FTIR). We conducted an MTT assay to assess the cytotoxicity of nCur-mediated PDI in combination with nanosilver colistin. The fractional biofilm inhibitory concentration (FBIC) of two P. aeruginosa clinical isolates and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 during nCur-mediated PDI@AgNPs@CL was determined using a 3-dimensional (3-D) checkerboard assay. To study the effect of nCur-mediated PDI@AgNPs@CL on lasI, lasR, rhlI, rhlR, pelA, and pslA gene expression, Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was conducted at each isolate's FBIC. The impact of treatments was also investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS The ZP and mean DLS values of the nCur were 10.3 mV and 402.6 ± 24.6 nm, respectively. The distinct functional groups of nCur corresponded with the peaks of FTIR absorption. Moreover, the EDX analysis showed the ratios of different metals in nCur. Cell viability percentages of nCur-mediated PDI@AgNPs@CL at FBIC concentrations of clinical isolates Nos. 30, 354, and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 were 91.36 %, 83.20 %, and 92.48 %, respectively. nCur-mediated PDI@AgNPs@CL treatment showed synergistic effects in clinical isolates and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 in a 3-D checkerboard assay. All six of the investigated genes showed down-regulation after nCur-mediated PDI@AgNPs@CL treatment. The most suppressed gene during nCur-mediated PDI@AgNPs@CL treatment was the rhlR gene (-11.9-fold) of P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853. The SEM micrographs further proved the connecting cement reduction and biofilm mass mitigation following nCur-mediated PDI@AgNPs@CL treatments. CONCLUSIONS The combined effect of nCur-mediated PDI and AgNPs@CL synergistically reduce the formation of biofilm in P. aeruginosa. This may be attributable to the suppression of the genes responsible for regulating the production of biofilms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Azimzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Grazia Greco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Abbas Farmani
- Dental Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Maryam Pourhajibagher
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amir Taherkhani
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yousef Alikhani
- Department of Microbiology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Infectious Disease Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Abbas Bahador
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Fellowship in Clinical Laboratory Sciences, BioHealth Lab, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bayat Z, Mazaheri T, Farhadifard H, Taherkhani A. Mechanisms Involved in Therapeutic Effects of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Based on Systems Biology and Structural Bioinformatics Approaches. Biomed Res Int 2024; 2024:1236910. [PMID: 38322303 PMCID: PMC10846925 DOI: 10.1155/2024/1236910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Objective Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most frequent oral cancer, constituting more than 90% of all oral carcinomas. The 5-year survival rate of OSCC patients is not satisfactory, and therefore, there is an urgent need for new practical therapeutic approaches besides the current therapies to overcome OSCC. Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SBG) is a plant of the family Lamiaceae with several pharmaceutical properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. Previous studies have demonstrated the curative effects of SBG in OSCC. Methods A systems biology approach was conducted to identify differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) in OSCC patients with a dismal prognosis compared to OSCC patients with a favorable prognosis. A protein interaction map (PIM) was built based on DEMs targets, and the hub genes within the PIM were indicated. Subsequently, the prognostic role of the hubs was studied using Kaplan-Meier curves. Next, the binding affinity of SBG's main components, including baicalein, wogonin, oroxylin-A, salvigenin, and norwogonin, to the prognostic markers in OSCC was evaluated using molecular docking analysis. Results Survival analysis showed that overexpression of CAV1, SERPINE1, ACTB, SMAD3, HMGA2, MYC, EIF2S1, HSPA4, HSPA5, and IL6 was significantly related to a poor prognosis in OSCC. Besides, molecular docking analysis demonstrated the ΔGbinding and inhibition constant values between SBG's main components and SERPINE1, ACTB, HMGA2, EIF2S1, HSPA4, and HSPA5 were as <-8.00 kcal/mol and nanomolar concentration, respectively. The most salient binding affinity was observed between wogonin and SERPINE1 with a criterion of ΔGbinding < -10.02 kcal/mol. Conclusion The present results unraveled potential mechanisms involved in therapeutic effects of SBG in OSCC based on systems biology and structural bioinformatics analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Bayat
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Tina Mazaheri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Homa Farhadifard
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Amir Taherkhani
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jamshidi S, Rostami A, Shojaei S, Taherkhani A, Taherkhani H. Exploring natural anthraquinones as potential MMP2 inhibitors: A computational study. Biosystems 2024; 235:105103. [PMID: 38123060 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2023.105103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) plays a significant role in cleaving extracellular matrix components, leading to many cancer cells' progression and invasion behavior. Therefore, MMP2 inhibition may hold promise for cancer treatment. Anthraquinones have shown antineoplastic effects, some of which have been used in clinical practice as anticancer drugs. This study used a computational drug discovery approach to assess the possible inhibitory effects of selected anthraquinones on MMP2. The results were then compared with that of Captopril, which was considered a standard drug. METHODS This study used the AutoDock 4.0 tool to evaluate the binding affinity of 21 anthraquinones to the MMP2 catalytic domain. The most favorable scores based on the Gibbs free binding energy scores were given to the highest-ranked ligands. The Discovery Studio Visualizer tool illustrated interactions between MMP2 residues and top-ranked anthraquinones. RESULTS A total of 12 anthraquinones were identified with ΔGbinding scores less than - 10 kcal/mol. Pulmatin (Chrysophanol-8-glucoside) was the most potent MMP2 inhibitor, with a ΔGbinding score of - 12.91 kcal/mol. This anthraquinone was able to restrict MMP2 activity within a picomolar range. CONCLUSION MMP2 inhibition by anthraquinones, notably Pulmatin, may be a useful therapeutic approach for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shokoofeh Jamshidi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Ali Rostami
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Setareh Shojaei
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Amir Taherkhani
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Heshmatollah Taherkhani
- Department of Paramedical Sciences, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ahmadieh-Yazdi A, Mahdavinezhad A, Tapak L, Nouri F, Taherkhani A, Afshar S. Using machine learning approach for screening metastatic biomarkers in colorectal cancer and predictive modeling with experimental validation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19426. [PMID: 37940644 PMCID: PMC10632378 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46633-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) liver metastasis accounts for the majority of fatalities associated with CRC. Early detection of metastasis is crucial for improving patient outcomes but can be delayed due to a lack of symptoms. In this research, we aimed to investigate CRC metastasis-related biomarkers by employing a machine learning (ML) approach and experimental validation. The gene expression profile of CRC patients with liver metastasis was obtained using the GSE41568 dataset, and the differentially expressed genes between primary and metastatic samples were screened. Subsequently, we carried out feature selection to identify the most relevant DEGs using LASSO and Penalized-SVM methods. DEGs commonly selected by these methods were selected for further analysis. Finally, the experimental validation was done through qRT-PCR. 11 genes were commonly selected by LASSO and P-SVM algorithms, among which seven had prognostic value in colorectal cancer. It was found that the expression of the MMP3 gene decreases in stage IV of colorectal cancer compared to other stages (P value < 0.01). Also, the expression level of the WNT11 gene was observed to increase significantly in this stage (P value < 0.001). It was also found that the expression of WNT5a, TNFSF11, and MMP3 is significantly lower, and the expression level of WNT11 is significantly higher in liver metastasis samples compared to primary tumors. In summary, this study has identified a set of potential biomarkers for CRC metastasis using ML algorithms. The findings of this research may provide new insights into identifying biomarkers for CRC metastasis and may potentially lay the groundwork for innovative therapeutic strategies for treatment of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Ahmadieh-Yazdi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ali Mahdavinezhad
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Leili Tapak
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nouri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Amir Taherkhani
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Saeid Afshar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
- Cancer Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yarmohammadi E, Khanjani M, Khamverdi Z, Savari M, Taherkhani A. Herbal Metabolites as Potential Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors: Promising Compounds for Cancer and Metabolic Disorders. J Obes Metab Syndr 2023; 32:247-258. [PMID: 37726113 PMCID: PMC10583767 DOI: 10.7570/jomes23029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human carbonic anhydrases (CAs) play a role in various pathological mechanisms by controlling intracellular and extracellular pH balance. Irregular expression and function of CAs have been associated with multiple human diseases, such as obesity, cancer, glaucoma, and epilepsy. In this work, we identify herbal compounds that are potential inhibitors of CA VI. Methods We used the AutoDock tool to evaluate binding affinity between the CA VI active site and 79 metabolites derived from flavonoids, anthraquinones, or cinnamic acids. Compounds ranked at the top were chosen for molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Interactions between the best CA VI inhibitors and residues within the CA VI active site were examined before and after MD analysis. Additionally, the effects of the most potent CA VI inhibitor on cell viability were ascertained in vitro through the 2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Results Kaempferol 3-rutinoside-4-glucoside, orientin, kaempferol 3-rutinoside-7-sophoroside, cynarin, and chlorogenic acid were estimated to establish binding with the CA VI catalytic domain at the picomolar scale. The range of root mean square deviations for CA VI complexes with kaempferol 3-rutinoside-4-glucoside, aloe-emodin 8-glucoside, and cynarin was 1.37 to 2.05, 1.25 to 1.85, and 1.07 to 1.54 Å, respectively. The MTT assay results demonstrated that cynarin had a substantial effect on HCT-116 cell viability. Conclusion This study identified several herbal compounds that could be potential drug candidates for inhibiting CA VI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Yarmohammadi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Maryam Khanjani
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Zahra Khamverdi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Marzieh Savari
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Amir Taherkhani
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bayat Z, Tarokhian A, Taherkhani A. Cinnamic acids as promising bioactive compounds for cancer therapy by targeting MAPK3: a computational simulation study. J Complement Integr Med 2023; 20:621-630. [PMID: 37223879 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2023-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mitogen-activated protein kinase-3 (MAPK3) is the upstream regulator in the MAPK cascade and is involved in many critical signaling pathways and biological processes, such as cell proliferation, survival, and apoptosis. MAPK3 overexpression is linked to onset, development, metastasis, and drug resistance in several human cancers. Thus, identifying novel and effective MAPK3 inhibitors is highly demanded. Herein, we aimed to discover organic compounds from cinnamic acid derivatives as potential MAPK3 inhibitors. METHODS The binding affinity of 20 cinnamic acids to the MAPK3 active site was tested using the AutoDock 4.0 software. Top-ranked cinnamic acids were ranked based on the ΔG binding values between the ligands and the receptor's active site. Interaction modes between top-ranked cinnamic acids and MAPK3 catalytic site were indicated using the Discovery Studio Visualizer tool. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was carried out to study the stability of the docked pose for the most potent MAPK3 inhibitor in this study. RESULTS Cynarin, chlorogenic acid, rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid 3-glucoside, and cinnamyl caffeate exhibited a salient binding affinity to the MAPK3 active site with the criteria of ΔG binding <-10 k cal/mol. Further, the inhibition constant value for cynarin was calculated at the picomolar concentration. The docked pose of cynarin within the MAPK3 catalytic domain was stable in 100 ns simulation. CONCLUSIONS Cynarin, chlorogenic acid, rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid 3-glucoside, and cinnamyl caffeate might be helpful in cancer therapy by inhibiting MAPK3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Bayat
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Aida Tarokhian
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Amir Taherkhani
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kamarehei F, Saidijam M, Taherkhani A. Prognostic biomarkers and molecular pathways mediating Helicobacter pylori–induced gastric cancer: a network-biology approach. Genomics Inform 2023; 21:e8. [PMID: 37037466 PMCID: PMC10085735 DOI: 10.5808/gi.22072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer of the stomach is the second most frequent cancer-related death worldwide. The survival rate of patients with gastric cancer (GC) remains fragile. There is a requirement to discover biomarkers for prognosis approaches. Helicobacter pylori in the stomach is closely associated with the progression of GC. We identified the genes associated with poor/favorable prognosis in H. pylori–induced GC. Multivariate statistical analysis was applied on the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset GSE54397 to identify differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) in gastric tissues with H. pylori–induced cancer compared with the H. pylori–positive with non-cancerous tissue. A protein interaction map (PIM) was built and subjected to DEMs targets. The enriched pathways and biological processes within the PIM were identified based on substantial clusters. Thereafter, the most critical genes in the PIM were illustrated, and their prognostic impact in GC was investigated. Considering p-value less than 0.01 and |Log2 fold change| as >1, five microRNAs demonstrated significant changes among the two groups. Gene functional analysis revealed that the ubiquitination system, neddylation pathway, and ciliary process are primarily involved in H. pylori–induced GC. Survival analysis illustrated that the overexpression of DOCK4, GNAS, CTGF, TGF-b1, ESR1, SELE, TIMP3, SMARCE1, and TXNIP was associated with poor prognosis, while increased MRPS5 expression was related to a favorable prognosis in GC patients. DOCK4, GNAS, CTGF, TGF-b1, ESR1, SELE, TIMP3, SMARCE1, TXNIP, and MRPS5 may be considered prognostic biomarkers for H. pylori–induced GC. However, experimental validation is necessary in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Kamarehei
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6517838678, Iran
| | - Massoud Saidijam
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6517838678, Iran
| | - Amir Taherkhani
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6517838678, Iran
- Corresponding author E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Malekipour MH, Shirani F, Moradi S, Taherkhani A. Cinnamic acid derivatives as potential matrix metalloproteinase-9 inhibitors: molecular docking and dynamics simulations. Genomics Inform 2023; 21:e9. [PMID: 37037467 PMCID: PMC10085732 DOI: 10.5808/gi.22077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is a zinc and calcium-dependent proteolytic enzyme involved in extracellular matrix degradation. Overexpression of MMP-9 has been confirmed in several disorders, including cancers, Alzheimer′s disease, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and dental caries. Therefore, MMP-9 inhibition is recommended as a therapeutic strategy for combating various diseases. Cinnamic acid derivatives have shown therapeutic effects in different cancers, Alzheimer′s disease, cardiovascular diseases, and dental caries. A computational drug discovery approach was performed to evaluate the binding affinity of selected cinnamic acid derivatives to the MMP-9 active site. The stability of docked poses for top-ranked compounds was also examined. Twelve herbal cinnamic acid derivatives were tested for possible MMP-9 inhibition using the AutoDock 4.0 tool. The stability of the docked poses for the most potent MMP-9 inhibitors was assessed by molecular dynamics (MD) in 10 nanosecond simulations. Interactions between the best MMP-9 inhibitors in this study and residues incorporated in the MMP-9 active site were studied before and after MD simulations. Cynarin, chlorogenic acid, and rosmarinic acid revealed a considerable binding affinity to the MMP-9 catalytic domain (ΔGbinding < -10 kcal/mol). The inhibition constant value for cynarin and chlorogenic acid were calculated at the picomolar scale and assigned as the most potent MMP-9 inhibitor from the cinnamic acid derivatives. The root-mean-square deviations for cynarin and chlorogenic acid were below 2 Å in the 10 ns simulation. Cynarin, chlorogenic acid, and rosmarinic acid might be considered drug candidates for MMP-9 inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Malekipour
- Dental Students Research Center, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Shirani
- Dental Research Center, Dental Research Institute, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Shadi Moradi
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan 6517838678, Iran
| | - Amir Taherkhani
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6517838678, Iran
- Corresponding author E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Shojaei S, Menbari P, Jamshidi S, Taherkhani A. MicroRNA-Based Markers of Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Buccal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systems Biology Approach. Biochem Res Int 2023; 2023:5512894. [PMID: 37143570 PMCID: PMC10151719 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5512894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) and buccal squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) are the first and second leading causes of oral cancer, respectively. OTSCC and BSCC are associated with poor prognosis in patients with oral cancer. Thus, we aimed to indicate signaling pathways, Gene Ontology terms, and prognostic markers mediating the malignant transformation of the normal oral tissue to OTSCC and BSCC. Methods The dataset GSE168227 was downloaded and reanalyzed from the GEO database. Orthogonal partial least square (OPLS) analysis identified common differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) in OTSCC and BSCC compared to their adjacent normal mucosa. Next, validated targets of DEMs were identified using the TarBase web server. With the use of the STRING database, a protein interaction map (PIM) was created. Using the Cytoscape program, hub genes and clusters within the PIM were shown. Next, gene-set enrichment analysis was carried out using the g:Profiler tool. Using the GEPIA2 web tool, analyses of gene expression and survival analysis were also performed. Results Two DEMs, including has-miR-136 and has-miR-377, were common in OTSCC and BSCC (p value <0.01; |Log2 FC| > 1). A total of 976 targets were indicated for common DEMs. PIM included 96 hubs, and the upregulation of EIF2S1, CAV1, RAN, ANXA5, CYCS, CFL1, MYC, HSP90AA1, PKM, and HSPA5 was significantly associated with a poor prognosis in the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), while NTRK2, HNRNPH1, DDX17, and WDR82 overexpression was significantly linked to favorable prognosis in the patients with HNSCC. "Clathrin-mediated endocytosis" was considerably dysregulated in OTSCC and BSCC. Conclusion The present study suggests that has-miR-136 and has-miR-377 are underexpressed in OTSCC and BSCC than in normal oral mucosa. Moreover, EIF2S1, CAV1, RAN, ANXA5, CYCS, CFL1, MYC, HSP90AA1, PKM, HSPA5, NTRK2, HNRNPH1, DDX17, and WDR82 demonstrated prognostic markers in HNSCC. These findings may benefit the prognosis and management of individuals with OTSCC/BSCC. However, additional experimental verification is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Setareh Shojaei
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Pouya Menbari
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Shokoofeh Jamshidi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Amir Taherkhani
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Taherkhani A, Khodadadi P, Samie L, Azadian Z, Bayat Z. Flavonoids as Strong Inhibitors of MAPK3: A Computational Drug Discovery Approach. Int J Anal Chem 2023; 2023:8899240. [PMID: 37090055 PMCID: PMC10121358 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8899240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3) mediates the onset, progression, metastasis, drug resistance, and poor prognosis in various malignancies, including glioma, liver, ovarian, thyroid, lung, breast, gastric, and oral cancers. Negative regulation of MAPK3 expression using miRNAs has led to therapeutic effects in cancer. Objectives The present study performed molecular docking and dynamics simulation to identify potential MAPK3 inhibitors from natural flavonoids, possibly leading to drug development in cancer therapy. Methods A computational drug discovery approach was performed using the AutoDock tool to identify potential MAPK3 inhibitors from 46 plant-based flavonoids. A cross-validation study was executed using the Schrödinger Maestro docking tool. Molecular dynamics (MD) was executed to evaluate the stability of docked poses between the top-ranked compounds and the MAPK3 catalytic domain. Interactions among the most potent MAPK3 inhibitors and residues within the receptor's active site were studied using the BIOVIA Discovery Studio Visualizer before and after 100 ns MD simulations. Results Kaempferol 3-rutinoside-4'-glucoside, kaempferol 3-rutinoside-7-sophoroside, rutin, and vicenin-2 exhibited a magnificent binding affinity to the receptor's active site. In addition, the stability of the docked poses of these compounds seemed to be stable after ∼45 ns computer simulations. Conclusion The present study suggests that kaempferol 3-rutinoside-4'-glucoside, kaempferol 3-rutinoside-7-sophoroside, rutin, and vicenin-2 could strongly bind to the MAPK3 catalytic site and could be assigned as a potent inhibitor for MAPK3. These findings may be helpful in the treatment of various cancers. However, further validation experiments are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Taherkhani
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Parita Khodadadi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Lida Samie
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Zahra Azadian
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Zeynab Bayat
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Frostad JJ, Nguyen QP, Baumann MM, Blacker BF, Marczak LB, Deshpande A, Wiens KE, LeGrand KE, Johnson KB, Abbasi-Kangevari M, Abdoli A, Abolhassani H, Abreu LG, Abrigo MRM, Abu-Rmeileh NME, Adekanmbi V, Agrawal A, Ahmed MB, Al-Aly Z, Alanezi FM, Alcalde-Rabanal JE, Alipour V, Altirkawi KA, Alvis-Guzman N, Alvis-Zakzuk NJ, Amegah AK, Amini S, Amiri F, Amugsi DA, Ancuceanu R, Andrei CL, Andrei T, Antriyandarti E, Anvari D, Arabloo J, Arab-Zozani M, Athari SS, Ausloos M, Ayano G, Aynalem YA, Azari S, Badiye AD, Baig AA, Balakrishnan K, Banach M, Basu S, Bedi N, Bell ML, Bennett DA, Bhattacharyya K, Bhutta ZA, Bibi S, Bohlouli S, Boufous S, Bragazzi NL, Braithwaite D, Burugina Nagaraja S, Butt ZA, Caetano dos Santos FL, Car J, Cárdenas R, Carvalho F, Castaldelli-Maia JM, Castañeda-Orjuela CA, Cerin E, Chattu SK, Chattu VK, Chaturvedi P, Chaturvedi S, Chen S, Chu DT, Chung SC, Dahlawi SMA, Damiani G, Dandona L, Dandona R, Darwesh AM, Das JK, Dash AP, Dávila-Cervantes CA, De Leo D, De Neve JW, Demissie GD, Denova-Gutiérrez E, Dey S, Dharmaratne SD, Dhimal M, Dhungana GP, Diaz D, Dipeolu IO, Dorostkar F, Doshmangir L, Duraes AR, Edinur HA, Efendi F, El Tantawi M, Eskandarieh S, Fadhil I, Fattahi N, Fauk NK, Fereshtehnejad SM, Folayan MO, Foroutan M, Fukumoto T, Gaidhane AM, Ghafourifard M, Ghashghaee A, Gilani SA, Gill TK, Goulart AC, Goulart BNG, Grada A, Gubari MIM, Guido D, Guo Y, Gupta RD, Gupta R, Gutiérrez RA, Hafezi-Nejad N, Hamadeh RR, Hasaballah AI, Hassanipour S, Hayat K, Heibati B, Heidari-Soureshjani R, Henry NJ, Herteliu C, Hosseinzadeh M, Hsairi M, Hu G, Ibitoye SE, Ilesanmi OS, Ilic IM, Ilic MD, Irvani SSN, Islam SMS, Iwu CCD, Jaafari J, Jakovljevic M, Javaheri T, Jha RP, Ji JS, Jonas JB, Kabir A, Kabir Z, Kalhor R, Kamyari N, Kanchan T, Kapil U, Kapoor N, Kayode GA, Keiyoro PN, Khader YS, Khalid N, Khan EA, Khan M, Khan MN, Khatab K, Khater MM, Khatib MN, Khayamzadeh M, Khubchandani J, Kim GR, Kim YJ, Kimokoti RW, Kisa A, Kisa S, Knibbs LD, Koul PA, Koyanagi A, Krishan K, Kumar GA, Kumar M, Kusuma D, La Vecchia C, Lacey B, Lami FH, Lan Q, Lasrado S, Lauriola P, Lee PH, Lewycka S, Li S, Machado DB, Mahasha PW, Maheri M, Majeed A, Maleki A, Malekzadeh R, Malta DC, Mansouri B, Mansournia MA, Martinez NM, Martini S, Martins-Melo FR, Mayala BK, Mehndiratta MM, Mendoza W, Menezes RG, Mengesha EW, Meretoja TJ, Mestrovic T, Michalek IM, Mirrakhimov EM, Mirzaei M, Mirzaei R, Moazen B, Mohammad Y, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A, Mohammed S, Mokdad AH, Monasta L, Moradi-Lakeh M, Moraga P, Morawska L, Mosapour A, Mouodi S, Mousavi Khaneghah A, Mukhopadhyay S, Munro SB, Murray CJL, Nagarajan AJ, Naghavi M, Nair S, Nangia V, Nascimento BR, Nazari J, Negoi I, Netsere HB, Ngunjiri JW, Nguyen HLT, Noubiap JJ, Oancea B, Ogbo FA, Oh IH, Olagunju AT, Olusanya BO, Olusanya JO, Omar Bali A, Onwujekwe OE, Otstavnov N, Otstavnov SS, Owolabi MO, P A M, Pandey A, Park EC, Park EK, Patel SK, Pham HQ, Pilgrim T, Pirsaheb M, Pokhrel KN, Postma MJ, Quazi Syed Z, Rabiee N, Radfar A, Rahim F, Rahman MHU, Rahman MA, Rahmani AM, Ranabhat CL, Rao SJ, Rasella D, Rastogi P, Rath GK, Rawaf DL, Rawaf S, Rawal L, Rawassizadeh R, Renzaho AMN, Reshmi B, Rezaei N, Rezaei N, Rezapour A, Rickard J, Roever L, Ronfani L, Rostamian M, Rubagotti E, Rwegerera GM, Saddik B, Sadeghi E, Saeedi Moghaddam S, Sagar R, Sahebkar A, Sahiledengle B, Salem MR, Samy AM, Santric-Milicevic MM, Saraswathy SYI, Sathian B, Sathish T, Schwebel DC, Sepanlou SG, Shahabi S, Shaheen AA, Shahid I, Shaikh MA, Shalash AS, Shams-Beyranvand M, Shannawaz M, Sharafi K, Sheikh A, Sheikhbahaei S, Shetty RS, Shiferaw WS, Shigematsu M, Shin JI, Shivakumar KM, Siabani S, Siddiqi TJ, Singh BB, Singh JA, Sintayehu Y, Sorrie MB, Soyiri IN, Spurlock EE, Sreeramareddy CT, Stockfelt L, Sufiyan MB, Suliankatchi Abdulkader R, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tabuchi T, Taherkhani A, Temsah MH, Thankappan KR, Tovani-Palone MR, Traini E, Ullah S, Unnikrishnan B, Upadhyay E, Valadan Tahbaz S, Varughese S, Violante FS, Vo B, Vu GT, Waheed Y, Wang YP, Welgan CA, Werdecker A, Yahyazadeh Jabbari SH, Yaya S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi V, Yilma MT, Yonemoto N, Younis MZ, Yousefinezhadi T, Yu C, Yu Y, Zaman SB, Zhang Y, Zhang ZJ, Brauer M, Hay SI, Reiner RC. Mapping development and health effects of cooking with solid fuels in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-18: a geospatial modelling study. Lancet Glob Health 2022; 10:e1395-e1411. [PMID: 36113526 PMCID: PMC9638039 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(22)00332-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than 3 billion people do not have access to clean energy and primarily use solid fuels to cook. Use of solid fuels generates household air pollution, which was associated with more than 2 million deaths in 2019. Although local patterns in cooking vary systematically, subnational trends in use of solid fuels have yet to be comprehensively analysed. We estimated the prevalence of solid-fuel use with high spatial resolution to explore subnational inequalities, assess local progress, and assess the effects on health in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) without universal access to clean fuels. METHODS We did a geospatial modelling study to map the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking at a 5 km × 5 km resolution in 98 LMICs based on 2·1 million household observations of the primary cooking fuel used from 663 population-based household surveys over the years 2000 to 2018. We use observed temporal patterns to forecast household air pollution in 2030 and to assess the probability of attaining the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target indicator for clean cooking. We aligned our estimates of household air pollution to geospatial estimates of ambient air pollution to establish the risk transition occurring in LMICs. Finally, we quantified the effect of residual primary solid-fuel use for cooking on child health by doing a counterfactual risk assessment to estimate the proportion of deaths from lower respiratory tract infections in children younger than 5 years that could be associated with household air pollution. FINDINGS Although primary reliance on solid-fuel use for cooking has declined globally, it remains widespread. 593 million people live in districts where the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking exceeds 95%. 66% of people in LMICs live in districts that are not on track to meet the SDG target for universal access to clean energy by 2030. Household air pollution continues to be a major contributor to particulate exposure in LMICs, and rising ambient air pollution is undermining potential gains from reductions in the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking in many countries. We estimated that, in 2018, 205 000 (95% uncertainty interval 147 000-257 000) children younger than 5 years died from lower respiratory tract infections that could be attributed to household air pollution. INTERPRETATION Efforts to accelerate the adoption of clean cooking fuels need to be substantially increased and recalibrated to account for subnational inequalities, because there are substantial opportunities to improve air quality and avert child mortality associated with household air pollution. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Collapse
|
16
|
Taherkhani A, Dehto SS, Jamshidi S, Shojaei S. Pathogenesis and prognosis of primary oral squamous cell carcinoma based on microRNAs target genes: a systems biology approach. Genomics Inform 2022; 20:e27. [PMID: 36239104 PMCID: PMC9576470 DOI: 10.5808/gi.22038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent head and neck malignancy, with frequent cervical lymph-node metastasis, leading to a poor prognosis in OSCC patients. The present study aimed to identify potential markers, including microRNAs (miRNAs) and genes, significantly involved in the etiology of early-stage OSCC. Additionally, the main OSCC's dysregulated Gene Ontology annotations and significant signaling pathways were identified. The dataset GSE45238 underwent multivariate statistical analysis in order to distinguish primary OSCC tissues from healthy oral epithelium. Differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) with the criteria of p-value < 0.001 and |Log2 fold change| > 1.585 were identified in the two groups, and subsequently, validated targets of DEMs were identified. A protein interaction map was constructed, hub genes were identified, significant modules within the network were illustrated, and significant pathways and biological processes associated with the clusters were demonstrated. Using the GEPI2 database, the hub genes' predictive function was assessed. Compared to the healthy controls, main OSCC had a total of 23 DEMs. In patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), upregulation of CALM1, CYCS, THBS1, MYC, GATA6, and SPRED3 was strongly associated with a poor prognosis. In HNSCC patients, overexpression of PIK3R3, GIGYF1, and BCL2L11 was substantially correlated with a good prognosis. Besides, “proteoglycans in cancer” was the most significant pathway enriched in the primary OSCC. The present study results revealed more possible mechanisms mediating primary OSCC and may be useful in the prognosis of the patients with early-stage OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Taherkhani
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Shahab Shahmoradi Dehto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Shokoofeh Jamshidi
- Dental Research Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Setareh Shojaei
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Corresponding author E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Manoochehri H, Jalali A, Tanzadehpanah H, Taherkhani A, Najafi R. Aptamer-conjugated nanoliposomes containing COL1A1 siRNA sensitize CRC cells to conventional chemotherapeutic drugs. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 218:112714. [PMID: 35905589 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
COL1A1 is an important extracellular matrix component that is associated with poor prognosis in cancers. In this study, As1411 aptamer-conjugated liposomes were used for targeted siRNA delivery against the COL1A1 gene in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Cationic liposomes were synthesized and siRNA loading and conjugation of aptamer were confirmed by gel shift assay and spectrophotometry method. Release of siRNA from liposomes was assessed using dialysis method. Binding and uptake of aptamer-conjugated liposomes to and into cancer cells was assessed by fluorescence microscopy and flowcytometry. Gene expression was evaluated using qRT-PCR. Cell viability, chemosensitivity and apoptosis were determined by MTT assay and Annexin/PI kit. Cellular studies showed that liposomal transfer of COL1A1 siRNA into HCT116 and HEK293 cells significantly reduced the expression level of corresponding gen and cell viability, and significantly increased the sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs while free siRNA had no such effects. Aptamer conjugation was associated with increased cellular effects in HCT116 cells, but not in HEK293 cells. Our study revealed that delivery of COL1A1 siRNA via AS1411-targeted liposomes is a promising therapeutic approach to overcome treatment resistance in CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Manoochehri
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Akram Jalali
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hamid Tanzadehpanah
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Cancer Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Taherkhani
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Rezvan Najafi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sharma R, Abbasi-Kangevari M, Abd-Rabu R, Abidi H, Abu-Gharbieh E, Acuna JM, Adhikari S, Advani SM, Afzal MS, Aghaie Meybodi M, Ahinkorah BO, Ahmad S, Ahmadi A, Ahmadi S, Ahmed H, Ahmed LA, Ahmed MB, Al Hamad H, Alahdab F, Alanezi FM, Alanzi TM, Alhalaiqa FAN, Alimohamadi Y, Alipour V, Aljunid SM, Alkhayyat M, Almustanyir S, Al-Raddadi RM, Alvand S, Alvis-Guzman N, Amini S, Ancuceanu R, Anoushiravani A, Anoushirvani AA, Ansari-Moghaddam A, Arabloo J, Aryannejad A, Asghari Jafarabadi M, Athari SS, Ausloos F, Ausloos M, Awedew AF, Awoke MA, Ayana TM, Azadnajafabad S, Azami H, Azangou-Khyavy M, Azari Jafari A, Badiye AD, Bagherieh S, Bahadory S, Baig AA, Baker JL, Banach M, Barrow A, Berhie AY, Besharat S, Bhagat DS, Bhagavathula AS, Bhala N, Bhattacharyya K, Bhojaraja VS, Bibi S, Bijani A, Biondi A, Bjørge T, Bodicha BBA, Braithwaite D, Brenner H, Calina D, Cao C, Cao Y, Carreras G, Carvalho F, Cerin E, Chakinala RC, Cho WCS, Chu DT, Conde J, Costa VM, Cruz-Martins N, Dadras O, Dai X, Dandona L, Dandona R, Danielewicz A, Demeke FM, Demissie GD, Desai R, Dhamnetiya D, Dianatinasab M, Diaz D, Didehdar M, Doaei S, Doan LP, Dodangeh M, Eghbalian F, Ejeta DD, Ekholuenetale M, Ekundayo TC, El Sayed I, Elhadi M, Enyew DB, Eyayu T, Ezzeddini R, Fakhradiyev IR, Farooque U, Farrokhpour H, Farzadfar F, Fatehizadeh A, Fattahi H, Fattahi N, Fereidoonnezhad M, Fernandes E, Fetensa G, Filip I, Fischer F, Foroutan M, Gaal PA, Gad MM, Gallus S, Garg T, Getachew T, Ghamari SH, Ghashghaee A, Ghith N, Gholamalizadeh M, Gholizadeh Navashenaq J, Gizaw AT, Glasbey JC, Golechha M, Goleij P, Gonfa KB, Gorini G, Guha A, Gupta S, Gupta VB, Gupta VK, Haddadi R, Hafezi-Nejad N, Haj-Mirzaian A, Halwani R, Haque S, Hariri S, Hasaballah AI, Hassanipour S, Hay SI, Herteliu C, Holla R, Hosseini MS, Hosseinzadeh M, Hostiuc M, Househ M, Huang J, Humayun A, Iavicoli I, Ilesanmi OS, Ilic IM, Ilic MD, Islami F, Iwagami M, Jahani MA, Jakovljevic M, Javaheri T, Jayawardena R, Jebai R, Jha RP, Joo T, Joseph N, Joukar F, Jozwiak JJ, Kabir A, Kalhor R, Kamath A, Kapoor N, Karaye IM, Karimi A, Kauppila JH, Kazemi A, Keykhaei M, Khader YS, Khajuria H, Khalilov R, Khanali J, Khayamzadeh M, Khodadost M, Kim H, Kim MS, Kisa A, Kisa S, Kolahi AA, Koohestani HR, Kopec JA, Koteeswaran R, Koyanagi A, Krishnamoorthy Y, Kumar GA, Kumar M, Kumar V, La Vecchia C, Lami FH, Landires I, Ledda C, Lee SW, Lee WC, Lee YY, Leong E, Li B, Lim SS, Lobo SW, Loureiro JA, Lunevicius R, Madadizadeh F, Mahmoodpoor A, Majeed A, Malekpour MR, Malekzadeh R, Malik AA, Mansour-Ghanaei F, Mantovani LG, Martorell M, Masoudi S, Mathur P, Meena JK, Mehrabi Nasab E, Mendoza W, Mentis AFA, Mestrovic T, Miao Jonasson J, Miazgowski B, Miazgowski T, Mijena GFW, Mirmoeeni S, Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari M, Mirzaei H, Misra S, Mohammad KA, Mohammadi E, Mohammadi S, Mohammadi SM, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A, Mohammed S, Mohammed TA, Moka N, Mokdad AH, Mokhtari Z, Molokhia M, Momtazmanesh S, Monasta L, Moradi G, Moradzadeh R, Moraga P, Morgado-da-Costa J, Mubarik S, Mulita F, Naghavi M, Naimzada MD, Nam HS, Natto ZS, Nayak BP, Nazari J, Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad E, Negoi I, Nguyen CT, Nguyen SH, Noor NM, Noori M, Noori SMA, Nuñez-Samudio V, Nzoputam CI, Oancea B, Odukoya OO, Oguntade AS, Okati-Aliabad H, Olagunju AT, Olagunju TO, Ong S, Ostroff SM, Padron-Monedero A, Pakzad R, Pana A, Pandey A, Pashazadeh Kan F, Patel UK, Paudel U, Pereira RB, Perumalsamy N, Pestell RG, Piracha ZZ, Pollok RCG, Pourshams A, Pourtaheri N, Prashant A, Rabiee M, Rabiee N, Radfar A, Rafiei S, Rahman M, Rahmani AM, Rahmanian V, Rajai N, Rajesh A, Ramezani-Doroh V, Ramezanzadeh K, Ranabhat K, Rashedi S, Rashidi A, Rashidi M, Rashidi MM, Rastegar M, Rawaf DL, Rawaf S, Rawassizadeh R, Razeghinia MS, Renzaho AMN, Rezaei N, Rezaei N, Rezaei S, Rezaeian M, Rezazadeh-Khadem S, Roshandel G, Saber-Ayad MM, Saberzadeh-Ardestani B, Saddik B, Sadeghi H, Saeed U, Sahebazzamani M, Sahebkar A, Salek Farrokhi A, Salimi A, Salimzadeh H, Samadi P, Samaei M, Samy AM, Sanabria J, Santric-Milicevic MM, Saqib MAN, Sarveazad A, Sathian B, Satpathy M, Schneider IJC, Šekerija M, Sepanlou SG, Seylani A, Sha F, Shafiee SM, Shaghaghi Z, Shahabi S, Shaker E, Sharifian M, Sharifi-Rad J, Sheikhbahaei S, Shetty JK, Shirkoohi R, Shobeiri P, Siddappa Malleshappa SK, Silva DAS, Silva Julian G, Singh AD, Singh JA, Siraj MS, Sivandzadeh GR, Skryabin VY, Skryabina AA, Socea B, Solmi M, Soltani-Zangbar MS, Song S, Szerencsés V, Szócska M, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tabibian E, Taheri M, TaheriAbkenar Y, Taherkhani A, Talaat IM, Tan KK, Tbakhi A, Tesfaye B, Tiyuri A, Tollosa DN, Touvier M, Tran BX, Tusa BS, Ullah I, Ullah S, Vacante M, Valadan Tahbaz S, Veroux M, Vo B, Vos T, Wang C, Westerman R, Woldemariam M, Yahyazadeh Jabbari SH, Yang L, Yazdanpanah F, Yu C, Yuce D, Yunusa I, Zadnik V, Zahir M, Zare I, Zhang ZJ, Zoladl M. Global, regional, and national burden of colorectal cancer and its risk factors, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 7:627-647. [PMID: 35397795 PMCID: PMC9192760 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(22)00044-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Given the recent increasing trends in colorectal cancer incidence globally, up-to-date information on the colorectal cancer burden could guide screening, early detection, and treatment strategies, and help effectively allocate resources. We examined the temporal patterns of the global, regional, and national burden of colorectal cancer and its risk factors in 204 countries and territories across the past three decades. METHODS Estimates of incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for colorectal cancer were generated as a part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 by age, sex, and geographical location for the period 1990-2019. Mortality estimates were produced using the cause of death ensemble model. We also calculated DALYs attributable to risk factors that had evidence of causation with colorectal cancer. FINDINGS Globally, between 1990 and 2019, colorectal cancer incident cases more than doubled, from 842 098 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 810 408-868 574) to 2·17 million (2·00-2·34), and deaths increased from 518 126 (493 682-537 877) to 1·09 million (1·02-1·15). The global age-standardised incidence rate increased from 22·2 (95% UI 21·3-23·0) per 100 000 to 26·7 (24·6-28·9) per 100 000, whereas the age-standardised mortality rate decreased from 14·3 (13·5-14·9) per 100 000 to 13·7 (12·6-14·5) per 100 000 and the age-standardised DALY rate decreased from 308·5 (294·7-320·7) per 100 000 to 295·5 (275·2-313·0) per 100 000 from 1990 through 2019. Taiwan (province of China; 62·0 [48·9-80·0] per 100 000), Monaco (60·7 [48·5-73·6] per 100 000), and Andorra (56·6 [42·8-71·9] per 100 000) had the highest age-standardised incidence rates, while Greenland (31·4 [26·0-37·1] per 100 000), Brunei (30·3 [26·6-34·1] per 100 000), and Hungary (28·6 [23·6-34·0] per 100 000) had the highest age-standardised mortality rates. From 1990 through 2019, a substantial rise in incidence rates was observed in younger adults (age <50 years), particularly in high Socio-demographic Index (SDI) countries. Globally, a diet low in milk (15·6%), smoking (13·3%), a diet low in calcium (12·9%), and alcohol use (9·9%) were the main contributors to colorectal cancer DALYs in 2019. INTERPRETATION The increase in incidence rates in people younger than 50 years requires vigilance from researchers, clinicians, and policy makers and a possible reconsideration of screening guidelines. The fast-rising burden in low SDI and middle SDI countries in Asia and Africa calls for colorectal cancer prevention approaches, greater awareness, and cost-effective screening and therapeutic options in these regions. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Collapse
|
19
|
Abdollahian A, Hazhirkamal M, Taheri M, Nouri F, Taherkhani A. Identification of Potential Inhibitors for Beta-Lactamase in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Flavonoids Using a Computational Drug Discovery Approach. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180819666220610112231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a Gram-positive bacterium causing a wide range of human infections, leading to life-threatening invasive disorders, hospitalization, and mortality. Producing β-lactamase enzymes in S. aureus is one of the main mechanisms of the pathogen that makes the bacteria resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics, resulting in methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains. Therefore, it is crucial to identify novel β-lactamase inhibitors to combat infections caused by MRSA strains.
Methods:
In silico virtual screening approach was executed to evaluate the binding affinity of several natural flavonoids to the MRSA β-lactamase active site. After that, the stability of interactions between top inhibitors and the residues incorporated inside the β-lactamase was examined by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Moreover, the most connected amino acid within the catalytic domain of the enzyme was determined.
Results:
Rutin, isoquercitrin, nicotiflorin, quercetin-3-rhamnoside, vicenin-2, quercitrin, and orientin demonstrated a salient binding affinity with the β-lactamase active site (ΔG binding < 10 kcal/mol). Interestingly, the inhibition constant value (Ki) for rutin was estimated at the picomolar scale. The docked poses of these compounds were demonstrated to be stable. Moreover, Gln237 was revealed to be the most crucial residue involved in ligand binding.
Conclusion:
Rutin, isoquercitrin, nicotiflorin, quercetin-3-rhamnoside, vicenin-2, quercitrin, and orientin may be potent inhibitors of β-lactamase and may be helpful for the treatment of several invasive infections caused by MRSA strains. However, experimental studies are needed in the future to validate our findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amirreza Abdollahian
- Students Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Maryam Hazhirkamal
- Students Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nouri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Amir Taherkhani
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Masumi M, Noormohammadi F, Kianisaba F, Nouri F, Taheri M, Taherkhani A. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Docking-Based Virtual Screening and Molecular Dynamics Simulations to Identify Potential Penicillin-Binding Protein 2a Inhibitors from Natural Flavonoids. Int J Microbiol 2022; 2022:9130700. [PMID: 35571353 PMCID: PMC9095385 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9130700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is responsible for several disorders including skin and soft tissue infections, bacteremia, pulmonary infections, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, meningitis, gastroenteritis, toxic-shock syndrome, and urinary tract infections. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) contains penicillin-binding protein 2a (SauPBP2a) responsible for catalyzing the peptidoglycan production within the bacterial cell wall. The binding affinity of SauPBP2a to beta-lactam antibiotics is low, and thus, it is necessary to discover new effective SauPBP2a inhibitors to combat mortality and morbidity in patients affected by MRSA. The binding affinity of 46 natural flavonoids to the SauPBP2a active site was examined via molecular docking analysis. The stability of docked poses associated with the top-ranked flavonoids was tested by performing molecular dynamics (MD) in 10 nanoseconds (ns) computer simulations. Kaempferol 3-rutinoside-7-sophoroside and rutin demonstrated a considerable binding affinity to the SauPBP2a active site (ΔG binding < -11 kcal/mol). Their docked poses were found to be stable for 10 ns MD simulations. Kaempferol 3-rutinoside-7-sophoroside and rutin also exhibited salient binding affinity to the enzyme's allosteric site. This study suggests that kaempferol 3-rutinoside-7-sophoroside and rutin may be considered as drug candidates for therapeutic aims in several human infections associated with MRSA. Nevertheless, in vitro and in vivo confirmations are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Motahareh Masumi
- Students Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Kianisaba
- Students Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nouri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Amir Taherkhani
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kocarnik JM, Compton K, Dean FE, Fu W, Gaw BL, Harvey JD, Henrikson HJ, Lu D, Pennini A, Xu R, Ababneh E, Abbasi-Kangevari M, Abbastabar H, Abd-Elsalam SM, Abdoli A, Abedi A, Abidi H, Abolhassani H, Adedeji IA, Adnani QES, Advani SM, Afzal MS, Aghaali M, Ahinkorah BO, Ahmad S, Ahmad T, Ahmadi A, Ahmadi S, Ahmed Rashid T, Ahmed Salih Y, Akalu GT, Aklilu A, Akram T, Akunna CJ, Al Hamad H, Alahdab F, Al-Aly Z, Ali S, Alimohamadi Y, Alipour V, Aljunid SM, Alkhayyat M, Almasi-Hashiani A, Almasri NA, Al-Maweri SAA, Almustanyir S, Alonso N, Alvis-Guzman N, Amu H, Anbesu EW, Ancuceanu R, Ansari F, Ansari-Moghaddam A, Antwi MH, Anvari D, Anyasodor AE, Aqeel M, Arabloo J, Arab-Zozani M, Aremu O, Ariffin H, Aripov T, Arshad M, Artaman A, Arulappan J, Asemi Z, Asghari Jafarabadi M, Ashraf T, Atorkey P, Aujayeb A, Ausloos M, Awedew AF, Ayala Quintanilla BP, Ayenew T, Azab MA, Azadnajafabad S, Azari Jafari A, Azarian G, Azzam AY, Badiye AD, Bahadory S, Baig AA, Baker JL, Balakrishnan S, Banach M, Bärnighausen TW, Barone-Adesi F, Barra F, Barrow A, Behzadifar M, Belgaumi UI, Bezabhe WMM, Bezabih YM, Bhagat DS, Bhagavathula AS, Bhardwaj N, Bhardwaj P, Bhaskar S, Bhattacharyya K, Bhojaraja VS, Bibi S, Bijani A, Biondi A, Bisignano C, Bjørge T, Bleyer A, Blyuss O, Bolarinwa OA, Bolla SR, Braithwaite D, Brar A, Brenner H, Bustamante-Teixeira MT, Butt NS, Butt ZA, Caetano dos Santos FL, Cao Y, Carreras G, Catalá-López F, Cembranel F, Cerin E, Cernigliaro A, Chakinala RC, Chattu SK, Chattu VK, Chaturvedi P, Chimed-Ochir O, Cho DY, Christopher DJ, Chu DT, Chung MT, Conde J, Cortés S, Cortesi PA, Costa VM, Cunha AR, Dadras O, Dagnew AB, Dahlawi SMA, Dai X, Dandona L, Dandona R, Darwesh AM, das Neves J, De la Hoz FP, Demis AB, Denova-Gutiérrez E, Dhamnetiya D, Dhimal ML, Dhimal M, Dianatinasab M, Diaz D, Djalalinia S, Do HP, Doaei S, Dorostkar F, dos Santos Figueiredo FW, Driscoll TR, Ebrahimi H, Eftekharzadeh S, El Tantawi M, El-Abid H, Elbarazi I, Elhabashy HR, Elhadi M, El-Jaafary SI, Eshrati B, Eskandarieh S, Esmaeilzadeh F, Etemadi A, Ezzikouri S, Faisaluddin M, Faraon EJA, Fares J, Farzadfar F, Feroze AH, Ferrero S, Ferro Desideri L, Filip I, Fischer F, Fisher JL, Foroutan M, Fukumoto T, Gaal PA, Gad MM, Gadanya MA, Gallus S, Gaspar Fonseca M, Getachew Obsa A, Ghafourifard M, Ghashghaee A, Ghith N, Gholamalizadeh M, Gilani SA, Ginindza TG, Gizaw ATT, Glasbey JC, Golechha M, Goleij P, Gomez RS, Gopalani SV, Gorini G, Goudarzi H, Grosso G, Gubari MIM, Guerra MR, Guha A, Gunasekera DS, Gupta B, Gupta VB, Gupta VK, Gutiérrez RA, Hafezi-Nejad N, Haider MR, Haj-Mirzaian A, Halwani R, Hamadeh RR, Hameed S, Hamidi S, Hanif A, Haque S, Harlianto NI, Haro JM, Hasaballah AI, Hassanipour S, Hay RJ, Hay SI, Hayat K, Heidari G, Heidari M, Herrera-Serna BY, Herteliu C, Hezam K, Holla R, Hossain MM, Hossain MBH, Hosseini MS, Hosseini M, Hosseinzadeh M, Hostiuc M, Hostiuc S, Househ M, Hsairi M, Huang J, Hugo FN, Hussain R, Hussein NR, Hwang BF, Iavicoli I, Ibitoye SE, Ida F, Ikuta KS, Ilesanmi OS, Ilic IM, Ilic MD, Irham LM, Islam JY, Islam RM, Islam SMS, Ismail NE, Isola G, Iwagami M, Jacob L, Jain V, Jakovljevic MB, Javaheri T, Jayaram S, Jazayeri SB, Jha RP, Jonas JB, Joo T, Joseph N, Joukar F, Jürisson M, Kabir A, Kahrizi D, Kalankesh LR, Kalhor R, Kaliyadan F, Kalkonde Y, Kamath A, Kameran Al-Salihi N, Kandel H, Kapoor N, Karch A, Kasa AS, Katikireddi SV, Kauppila JH, Kavetskyy T, Kebede SA, Keshavarz P, Keykhaei M, Khader YS, Khalilov R, Khan G, Khan M, Khan MN, Khan MAB, Khang YH, Khater AM, Khayamzadeh M, Kim GR, Kim YJ, Kisa A, Kisa S, Kissimova-Skarbek K, Kopec JA, Koteeswaran R, Koul PA, Koulmane Laxminarayana SL, Koyanagi A, Kucuk Bicer B, Kugbey N, Kumar GA, Kumar N, Kumar N, Kurmi OP, Kutluk T, La Vecchia C, Lami FH, Landires I, Lauriola P, Lee SW, Lee SWH, Lee WC, Lee YH, Leigh J, Leong E, Li J, Li MC, Liu X, Loureiro JA, Lunevicius R, Magdy Abd El Razek M, Majeed A, Makki A, Male S, Malik AA, Mansournia MA, Martini S, Masoumi SZ, Mathur P, McKee M, Mehrotra R, Mendoza W, Menezes RG, Mengesha EW, Mesregah MK, Mestrovic T, Miao Jonasson J, Miazgowski B, Miazgowski T, Michalek IM, Miller TR, Mirzaei H, Mirzaei HR, Misra S, Mithra P, Moghadaszadeh M, Mohammad KA, Mohammad Y, Mohammadi M, Mohammadi SM, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A, Mohammed S, Moka N, Mokdad AH, Molokhia M, Monasta L, Moni MA, Moosavi MA, Moradi Y, Moraga P, Morgado-da-Costa J, Morrison SD, Mosapour A, Mubarik S, Mwanri L, Nagarajan AJ, Nagaraju SP, Nagata C, Naimzada MD, Nangia V, Naqvi AA, Narasimha Swamy S, Ndejjo R, Nduaguba SO, Negoi I, Negru SM, Neupane Kandel S, Nguyen CT, Nguyen HLT, Niazi RK, Nnaji CA, Noor NM, Nuñez-Samudio V, Nzoputam CI, Oancea B, Ochir C, Odukoya OO, Ogbo FA, Olagunju AT, Olakunde BO, Omar E, Omar Bali A, Omonisi AEE, Ong S, Onwujekwe OE, Orru H, Ortega-Altamirano DV, Otstavnov N, Otstavnov SS, Owolabi MO, P A M, Padubidri JR, Pakshir K, Pana A, Panagiotakos D, Panda-Jonas S, Pardhan S, Park EC, Park EK, Pashazadeh Kan F, Patel HK, Patel JR, Pati S, Pattanshetty SM, Paudel U, Pereira DM, Pereira RB, Perianayagam A, Pillay JD, Pirouzpanah S, Pishgar F, Podder I, Postma MJ, Pourjafar H, Prashant A, Preotescu L, Rabiee M, Rabiee N, Radfar A, Radhakrishnan RA, Radhakrishnan V, Rafiee A, Rahim F, Rahimzadeh S, Rahman M, Rahman MA, Rahmani AM, Rajai N, Rajesh A, Rakovac I, Ram P, Ramezanzadeh K, Ranabhat K, Ranasinghe P, Rao CR, Rao SJ, Rawassizadeh R, Razeghinia MS, Renzaho AMN, Rezaei N, Rezaei N, Rezapour A, Roberts TJ, Rodriguez JAB, Rohloff P, Romoli M, Ronfani L, Roshandel G, Rwegerera GM, S M, Sabour S, Saddik B, Saeed U, Sahebkar A, Sahoo H, Salehi S, Salem MR, Salimzadeh H, Samaei M, Samy AM, Sanabria J, Sankararaman S, Santric-Milicevic MM, Sardiwalla Y, Sarveazad A, Sathian B, Sawhney M, Saylan M, Schneider IJC, Sekerija M, Seylani A, Shafaat O, Shaghaghi Z, Shaikh MA, Shamsoddin E, Shannawaz M, Sharma R, Sheikh A, Sheikhbahaei S, Shetty A, Shetty JK, Shetty PH, Shibuya K, Shirkoohi R, Shivakumar KM, Shivarov V, Siabani S, Siddappa Malleshappa SK, Silva DAS, Singh JA, Sintayehu Y, Skryabin VY, Skryabina AA, Soeberg MJ, Sofi-Mahmudi A, Sotoudeh H, Steiropoulos P, Straif K, Subedi R, Sufiyan MB, Sultan I, Sultana S, Sur D, Szerencsés V, Szócska M, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tabuchi T, Tadbiri H, Taherkhani A, Takahashi K, Talaat IM, Tan KK, Tat VY, Tedla BAA, Tefera YG, Tehrani-Banihashemi A, Temsah MH, Tesfay FH, Tessema GA, Thapar R, Thavamani A, Thoguluva Chandrasekar V, Thomas N, Tohidinik HR, Touvier M, Tovani-Palone MR, Traini E, Tran BX, Tran KB, Tran MTN, Tripathy JP, Tusa BS, Ullah I, Ullah S, Umapathi KK, Unnikrishnan B, Upadhyay E, Vacante M, Vaezi M, Valadan Tahbaz S, Velazquez DZ, Veroux M, Violante FS, Vlassov V, Vo B, Volovici V, Vu GT, Waheed Y, Wamai RG, Ward P, Wen YF, Westerman R, Winkler AS, Yadav L, Yahyazadeh Jabbari SH, Yang L, Yaya S, Yazie TSY, Yeshaw Y, Yonemoto N, Younis MZ, Yousefi Z, Yu C, Yuce D, Yunusa I, Zadnik V, Zare F, Zastrozhin MS, Zastrozhina A, Zhang J, Zhong C, Zhou L, Zhu C, Ziapour A, Zimmermann IR, Fitzmaurice C, Murray CJL, Force LM. Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years for 29 Cancer Groups From 2010 to 2019: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. JAMA Oncol 2022; 8:420-444. [PMID: 34967848 PMCID: PMC8719276 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2021.6987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 585] [Impact Index Per Article: 292.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019) provided systematic estimates of incidence, morbidity, and mortality to inform local and international efforts toward reducing cancer burden. OBJECTIVE To estimate cancer burden and trends globally for 204 countries and territories and by Sociodemographic Index (SDI) quintiles from 2010 to 2019. EVIDENCE REVIEW The GBD 2019 estimation methods were used to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 2019 and over the past decade. Estimates are also provided by quintiles of the SDI, a composite measure of educational attainment, income per capita, and total fertility rate for those younger than 25 years. Estimates include 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). FINDINGS In 2019, there were an estimated 23.6 million (95% UI, 22.2-24.9 million) new cancer cases (17.2 million when excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and 10.0 million (95% UI, 9.36-10.6 million) cancer deaths globally, with an estimated 250 million (235-264 million) DALYs due to cancer. Since 2010, these represented a 26.3% (95% UI, 20.3%-32.3%) increase in new cases, a 20.9% (95% UI, 14.2%-27.6%) increase in deaths, and a 16.0% (95% UI, 9.3%-22.8%) increase in DALYs. Among 22 groups of diseases and injuries in the GBD 2019 study, cancer was second only to cardiovascular diseases for the number of deaths, years of life lost, and DALYs globally in 2019. Cancer burden differed across SDI quintiles. The proportion of years lived with disability that contributed to DALYs increased with SDI, ranging from 1.4% (1.1%-1.8%) in the low SDI quintile to 5.7% (4.2%-7.1%) in the high SDI quintile. While the high SDI quintile had the highest number of new cases in 2019, the middle SDI quintile had the highest number of cancer deaths and DALYs. From 2010 to 2019, the largest percentage increase in the numbers of cases and deaths occurred in the low and low-middle SDI quintiles. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The results of this systematic analysis suggest that the global burden of cancer is substantial and growing, with burden differing by SDI. These results provide comprehensive and comparable estimates that can potentially inform efforts toward equitable cancer control around the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kelly Compton
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Frances E. Dean
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Weijia Fu
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Brian L. Gaw
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - James D. Harvey
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Hannah Jacqueline Henrikson
- Department of Global Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dan Lu
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Alyssa Pennini
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Rixing Xu
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Emad Ababneh
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hedayat Abbastabar
- Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amir Abdoli
- Zoonoses Research Center, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Aidin Abedi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Hassan Abidi
- Laboratory Technology Sciences Department, Yasouj University, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Hassan Abolhassani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani
- Department of Midwifery, Karya Husada Institute of Health Sciences, Kediri, Indonesia
- Department of Midwifery, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Shailesh M. Advani
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California
- School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Muhammad Sohail Afzal
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Aghaali
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Bright Opoku Ahinkorah
- The Australian Centre for Public and Population Health Research, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Foundation University Medical College, Foundation University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tauseef Ahmad
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ali Ahmadi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
- Department of Epidemiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Ahmadi
- School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tarik Ahmed Rashid
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Kurdistan Hewler, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Yusra Ahmed Salih
- Database Technology Department, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
- College of Informatics, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Gizachew Taddesse Akalu
- Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology Department, St Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Addis Aklilu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Tayyaba Akram
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Science Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Chisom Joyqueenet Akunna
- Department of Public Health, Intercountry Centre for Oral Health for Africa, Jos, Nigeria
- Department of Public Health, Federal Ministry of Health, Garki, Nigeria
| | - Hanadi Al Hamad
- Geriatric and Long-Term Care Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fares Alahdab
- Mayo Evidence-Based Practice Center, Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ziyad Al-Aly
- John T. Milliken Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
- Clinical Epidemiology Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Saqib Ali
- Department of Information Systems, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Yousef Alimohamadi
- Pars Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Alipour
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Health Economics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Syed Mohamed Aljunid
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
- International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, National University of Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | - Sadeq Ali Ali Al-Maweri
- College of Dental Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sana'a University, Sana’a, Yemen
| | - Sami Almustanyir
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nivaldo Alonso
- Department of Surgery, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nelson Alvis-Guzman
- Research Group in Hospital Management and Health Policies, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla, Colombia
- Research Group in Health Economics, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Hubert Amu
- Department of Population and Behavioural Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | | | - Robert Ancuceanu
- Pharmacy Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Fereshteh Ansari
- Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Maxwell Hubert Antwi
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Ghana Health Service, Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Davood Anvari
- Department of Parasitology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Parasitology, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
| | | | - Muhammad Aqeel
- Department of Psychology, Foundation University Islamabad, Rawalpandi, Pakistan
| | - Jalal Arabloo
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Arab-Zozani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Olatunde Aremu
- Department of Public Health, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, England
| | - Hany Ariffin
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- University of Malaya Medical Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Timur Aripov
- Public Health and Healthcare Management, Tashkent Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Allied Health Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Timergara, Lower Dir, Pakistan
| | - Al Artaman
- Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Judie Arulappan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Tahira Ashraf
- Institute of Radiological Sciences and Medical Imaging Technology, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Prince Atorkey
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Avinash Aujayeb
- Northumbria HealthCare National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, NHS England, Newcastle upon Tyne, England
| | - Marcel Ausloos
- School of Business, University of Leicester, Leicester, England
- Department of Statistics and Econometrics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | | | - Temesgen Ayenew
- Department of Nursing, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | | | | | | | - Ghasem Azarian
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ahmed Y. Azzam
- Faculty of Medicine, October 6 University, 6th of October City, Egypt
| | - Ashish D. Badiye
- Department of Forensic Science, Government Institute of Forensic Science, Nagpur, India
| | - Saeed Bahadory
- Department of Parasitology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Parasitology, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Atif Amin Baig
- Unit of Biochemistry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Jennifer L. Baker
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Polish Mothers' Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Till Winfried Bärnighausen
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Fabio Barra
- Academic Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Amadou Barrow
- Department of Public and Environmental Health, University of the Gambia, Brikama, The Gambia
- Epidemiology and Disease Control Unit, Ministry of Health, Kotu, The Gambia
| | - Masoud Behzadifar
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Uzma Iqbal Belgaumi
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Karad, India
| | | | - Yihienew Mequanint Bezabih
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
- One Health, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Devidas S. Bhagat
- Department of Forensic Chemistry, Government Institute of Forensic Science, Aurangabad, India
| | - Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula
- Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralova, Czech Republic
- Institute of Public Health, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nikha Bhardwaj
- Department of Anatomy, Government Medical College Pali, Pali, India
| | - Pankaj Bhardwaj
- Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
- School of Public Health, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Sonu Bhaskar
- Neurovascular Imaging Laboratory, New South Wales Brain Clot Bank, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, South West Sydney Local Heath District and Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Krittika Bhattacharyya
- Department of Statistical and Computational Genomics, National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, India
- Department of Statistics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Sadia Bibi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Bijani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Antonio Biondi
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Catherine Bisignano
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Tone Bjørge
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Archie Bleyer
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas, Houston
| | - Oleg Blyuss
- School of Physics, Engineering and Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, England
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, England
| | | | - Srinivasa Rao Bolla
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan City, Kazakhstan
| | - Dejana Braithwaite
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville
- Cancer Population Sciences Program, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville
| | - Amanpreet Brar
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Nadeem Shafique Butt
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahid A. Butt
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Al Shifa School of Public Health, Al Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | | | - Yin Cao
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Giulia Carreras
- Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network, Florence, Italy
| | - Ferrán Catalá-López
- National School of Public Health, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Francieli Cembranel
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Ester Cerin
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Achille Cernigliaro
- Regional Epidemiological Observatory Department, Sicilian Regional Health Authority, Palermo, Italy
| | | | | | - Vijay Kumar Chattu
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Pankaj Chaturvedi
- Center for Cancer Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Navi Mumbai, India
- Department of Head Neck Surgery, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Odgerel Chimed-Ochir
- Department of Public Health and Health Policy, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | | | - Dinh-Toi Chu
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, VNU International School, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Michael T. Chung
- Department of Otolaryngology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Joao Conde
- Nova Medical School, Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sanda Cortés
- Department of Public Health, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Research Line in Environmental Exposures and Health Effects at Population Level, Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Vera Marisa Costa
- Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Amanda Ramos Cunha
- Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Omid Dadras
- School of Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Saad M. A. Dahlawi
- Environmental Health Department, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaochen Dai
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Lalit Dandona
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
- Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
- Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakhi Dandona
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
- Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
| | - Aso Mohammad Darwesh
- Department of Information Technology, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - José das Neves
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Asmamaw Bizuneh Demis
- Department of Nursing, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
- School of Nursing, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Deepak Dhamnetiya
- Department of Community Medicine, Dr Baba Saheb Ambedkar Medical College and Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Mandira Lamichhane Dhimal
- Policy Research Institute, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Global Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Meghnath Dhimal
- Health Research Section, Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Mostafa Dianatinasab
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
- Department of Epidemiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Daniel Diaz
- Center of Complexity Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacán Rosales, Mexico
| | - Shirin Djalalinia
- Development of Research and Technology Center, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Huyen Phuc Do
- Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Saeid Doaei
- School of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Dorostkar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Tim Robert Driscoll
- Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hedyeh Ebrahimi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Liver and Pancreaticobilliary Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Eftekharzadeh
- Division of Urology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Maha El Tantawi
- Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hassan El-Abid
- Direction de L'épidémiologie et la Lutte Contre les Maladies, Ministry of Health, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Iffat Elbarazi
- Institute of Public Health, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | | | - Babak Eshrati
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sharareh Eskandarieh
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Firooz Esmaeilzadeh
- Department of Public Health, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Arash Etemadi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sayeh Ezzikouri
- Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Faisaluddin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, New York
| | - Emerito Jose A. Faraon
- Department of Health Policy and Administration, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Jawad Fares
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Farshad Farzadfar
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdullah Hamid Feroze
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Simone Ferrero
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Irina Filip
- Psychiatry Department, Kaiser Permanente, Fontana, California
- School of Health Sciences, A.T. Still University, Mesa, Arizona
| | - Florian Fischer
- Institute of Gerontological Health Services and Nursing Research, Ravensburg-Weingarten University of Applied Sciences, Weingarten, Germany
| | | | - Masoud Foroutan
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
- Faculty of Medicine, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
| | | | - Peter Andras Gaal
- Health Services Management Training Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Târgu-Mureş, Romania
| | - Mohamed M. Gad
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
| | - Muktar A. Gadanya
- Community Medicine Department, Bayero University, Kano, Kano, Nigeria
- Department of Community Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Silvano Gallus
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Mansour Ghafourifard
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ghashghaee
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nermin Ghith
- Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maryam Gholamalizadeh
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Syed Amir Gilani
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
- Afro-Asian Institute, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Themba G. Ginindza
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - James C. Glasbey
- National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit on Global Surgery, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England
| | - Mahaveer Golechha
- Health Systems and Policy Research, Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Pouya Goleij
- Department of Genetics, Sana Institute of Higher Education, Sari, Iran
| | - Ricardo Santiago Gomez
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sameer Vali Gopalani
- Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
- Department of Health and Social Affairs, Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, Palikir, Federated States of Micronesia
| | - Giuseppe Gorini
- Oncological Network, Prevention and Research Institute, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network, Florence, Italy
| | - Houman Goudarzi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | | | - Avirup Guha
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus
| | | | - Bhawna Gupta
- Department of Public Health, Torrens University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Veer Bala Gupta
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vivek Kumar Gupta
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Reyna Alma Gutiérrez
- Department of Epidemiology and Psychosocial Research, Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz National Institute of Psychiatry, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nima Hafezi-Nejad
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Arvin Haj-Mirzaian
- Department of Pharmacology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Obesity Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rabih Halwani
- Clinical Sciences Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Randah R. Hamadeh
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Sajid Hameed
- University Institute of Public Health, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Samer Hamidi
- School of Health and Environmental Studies, Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Asif Hanif
- University Institute of Public Health, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research & Scientific Studies Unit, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Netanja I. Harlianto
- Faculty of Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- Research Unit, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Soheil Hassanipour
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Caspian Digestive Disease Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Roderick J. Hay
- International Foundation for Dermatology, London, England
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, England
| | - Simon I. Hay
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Khezar Hayat
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, China
| | | | - Mohammad Heidari
- Community-Oriented Nursing Midwifery Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | | | - Claudiu Herteliu
- Department of Statistics and Econometrics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania
- School of Business, London South Bank University, London, England
| | - Kamal Hezam
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen
- Department of Microbiology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ramesh Holla
- Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Md Mahbub Hossain
- Social and Environmental Health Research, Nature Study Society of Bangladesh, Khulna, Bangladesh
- Department of Health Promotion and Community Health Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station
| | | | | | - Mostafa Hosseini
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hosseinzadeh
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
- Department of Computer Science, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Mihaela Hostiuc
- Internal Medicine Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sorin Hostiuc
- Department of Legal Medicine and Bioethics, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Clinical Legal Medicine Department, National Institute of Legal Medicine Mina Minovici, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mowafa Househ
- College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed Hsairi
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Junjie Huang
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fernando N. Hugo
- Department of Preventive and Social Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rabia Hussain
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Science Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nawfal R. Hussein
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Zakho, Zakho, Iraq
| | - Bing-Fang Hwang
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ivo Iavicoli
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Fidelia Ida
- Pharmacoepidemiology Department, Sanofi, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Kevin S. Ikuta
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Community Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Irena M. Ilic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena D. Ilic
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Lalu Muhammad Irham
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahmad Dahlan University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Jessica Y. Islam
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Rakibul M. Islam
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Gaetano Isola
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Masao Iwagami
- Department of Health Services Research, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, England
| | - Louis Jacob
- Research and Development Unit, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Vardhmaan Jain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Mihajlo B. Jakovljevic
- Institute of Comparative Economic Studies, Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Global Health, Economics and Policy, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | | | - Shubha Jayaram
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Mysuru, India
| | | | - Ravi Prakash Jha
- Department of Community Medicine, Dr Baba Saheb Ambedkar Medical College and Hospital, Delhi, India
- Department of Community Medicine, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Jost B. Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tamas Joo
- Health Services Management Training Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nitin Joseph
- Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
| | - Farahnaz Joukar
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Caspian Digestive Disease Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mikk Jürisson
- Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ali Kabir
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Danial Kahrizi
- Department of Genetics, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Leila R. Kalankesh
- School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rohollah Kalhor
- Institute for Prevention of Non-communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
- Health Services Management Department, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Feroze Kaliyadan
- Dermatology Department, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yogeshwar Kalkonde
- Public Health Division, Society for Education, Action and Research in Community Health, Gadchiroli, India
| | - Ashwin Kamath
- Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | | | - Himal Kandel
- Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Eye Hospital, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Neeti Kapoor
- Department of Forensic Science, Government Institute of Forensic Science, Nagpur, India
| | - André Karch
- Institute for Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ayele Semachew Kasa
- Department of Adult Health Nursing, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi
- Medical Research Council/Chief Scientist Office Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Joonas H. Kauppila
- Surgery Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Taras Kavetskyy
- Department of Surface Engineering, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
- Drohobych Ivan Franko State Pedagogical University, Drohobych, Ukraine
| | - Sewnet Adem Kebede
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Gondar, Gondar, Faroe Islands
| | - Pedram Keshavarz
- School of Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, New Hospitals LTD, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Mohammad Keykhaei
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Students Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Saleh Khader
- Department of Public Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Rovshan Khalilov
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan
- Russian Institute for Advanced Study, Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Gulfaraz Khan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maseer Khan
- Epidemiology Department, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Nuruzzaman Khan
- Department of Population Science, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Moien A. B. Khan
- Family Medicine Department, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Primary Care Department, NHS North West London, London, England
| | - Young-Ho Khang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Amir M. Khater
- National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maryam Khayamzadeh
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- The Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gyu Ri Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yun Jin Kim
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia
| | - Adnan Kisa
- School of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Global Community Health and Behavioral Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Sezer Kisa
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Jacek A. Kopec
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Arthritis Research Canada, Richmond, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Parvaiz A. Koul
- Department of Internal and Pulmonary Medicine, Sheri Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India
| | | | - Ai Koyanagi
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network, San Juan de Dios Sanitary Park, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Nuworza Kugbey
- University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Somanya, Ghana
| | | | - Narinder Kumar
- Department of Orthopaedics, Medanta Hospital, Lucknow, India
| | - Nithin Kumar
- Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
| | - Om P. Kurmi
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, England
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tezer Kutluk
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Faris Hasan Lami
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Iván Landires
- Unit of Genetics and Public Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, Las Tablas, Panama
- Ministry of Health, Herrera, Panama
| | - Paolo Lauriola
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sang-woong Lee
- Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning Lab, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Shaun Wen Huey Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
- School of Pharmacy, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Wei-Chen Lee
- Office of Health Policy & Legislative Affairs, University of Texas, Galveston
| | - Yo Han Lee
- Graduate School of Public Health, Ajou University, Suwon-si, South Korea
| | - James Leigh
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elvynna Leong
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
| | - Jiarui Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Chieh Li
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Quantitative Health Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Joana A. Loureiro
- Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal
| | - Raimundas Lunevicius
- Department of General Surgery, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, England
- Department of Surgery, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England
| | | | - Azeem Majeed
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, England
| | - Alaa Makki
- Mass Communication Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shilpa Male
- Department of Ophthalmology, M M Joshi Eye Institute, Hubli, India
| | - Ahmad Azam Malik
- University Institute of Public Health, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
- Rabigh Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Ali Mansournia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Santi Martini
- Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Indonesian Public Health Association, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | - Prashant Mathur
- National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Martin McKee
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, England
| | - Ravi Mehrotra
- India Cancer Research Consortium, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Walter Mendoza
- Peru Country Office, United Nations Population Fund, Lima, Peru
| | - Ritesh G. Menezes
- Forensic Medicine Division, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohamed Kamal Mesregah
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Menoufia University Faculty of Medicine, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Tomislav Mestrovic
- Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology Unit, Polyclinic “Dr. Zora Profozic”, Zagreb, Croatia
- University Centre Varazdin, University North, Varazdin, Croatia
| | - Junmei Miao Jonasson
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bartosz Miazgowski
- Center for Innovation in Medical Education, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
- Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Miazgowski
- Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases and Arterial Hypertension, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Ted R. Miller
- Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Calverton, Maryland
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Immunology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanjeev Misra
- Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Prasanna Mithra
- Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
| | - Masoud Moghadaszadeh
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Yousef Mohammad
- Internal Medicine Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mokhtar Mohammadi
- Department of Information Technology, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Iraq
| | | | | | - Shafiu Mohammed
- Health Systems and Policy Research Unit, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
- Department of Health Care Management, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nagabhishek Moka
- Oncology Department, Appalachian Regional Healthcare, Hazard, Kentucky
- Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Ali H. Mokdad
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Mariam Molokhia
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, England
| | - Lorenzo Monasta
- Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Burlo Garofolo Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Trieste, Italy
| | - Mohammad Ali Moni
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Pabna University of Science and Technology, Pabna, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Amin Moosavi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Moradi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Paula Moraga
- Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Abbas Mosapour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sumaira Mubarik
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lillian Mwanri
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adeaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan
- Research and Analytics Department, Initiative for Financing Health and Human Development, Chennai, India
- Department of Research and Analytics, Bioinsilico Technologies, Chennai, India
| | | | - Chie Nagata
- Department of Education for Clinical Research, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mukhammad David Naimzada
- Laboratory of Public Health Indicators Analysis and Health Digitalization, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Experimental Surgery and Oncology Laboratory, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia
| | | | - Atta Abbas Naqvi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, University of Science, Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - Rawlance Ndejjo
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sabina O. Nduaguba
- Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Ionut Negoi
- Department of General Surgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of General Surgery, Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Serban Mircea Negru
- Department of Oncology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | | | - Cuong Tat Nguyen
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Chukwudi A. Nnaji
- South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nurulamin M. Noor
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, England
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, England
| | - Virginia Nuñez-Samudio
- Unit of Microbiology and Public Health, Institute of Medical Sciences, Las Tablas, Panama
- Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Herrera, Panama
| | | | - Bogdan Oancea
- Administrative and Economic Sciences Department, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Chimedsuren Ochir
- Department of International Cyber Education, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
- Advisory Board, Ministry of Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Oluwakemi Ololade Odukoya
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, University of Lagos, Idi Araba, Nigeria
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Felix Akpojene Ogbo
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew T. Olagunju
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Emad Omar
- Mass Communication Department, Ajman University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmed Omar Bali
- Diplomacy and Public Relations Department, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Abidemi E. Emmanuel Omonisi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Sokking Ong
- Noncommunicable Disease Prevention Unit, Ministry of Health, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
- Early Detection and Cancer Prevention Services, Pantai Jerudong Specialist Centre, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
| | - Obinna E. Onwujekwe
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Hans Orru
- Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Section of Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden
| | | | - Nikita Otstavnov
- Laboratory of Public Health Indicators Analysis and Health Digitalization, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Stanislav S. Otstavnov
- Laboratory of Public Health Indicators Analysis and Health Digitalization, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Department of Project Management, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mayowa O. Owolabi
- Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Mahesh P A
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara Academy of Health Education and Research, Mysore, India
| | - Jagadish Rao Padubidri
- Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Keyvan Pakshir
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Adrian Pana
- Department of Statistics and Econometrics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Health Metrics, Center for Health Outcomes and Evaluation, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | | | - Shahina Pardhan
- Vision and Eye Research Institute, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, England
| | - Eun-Cheol Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Kee Park
- Department of Medical Humanities and Social Medicine, Kosin University, Busan, South Korea
| | | | - Harsh K. Patel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Jenil R. Patel
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Dallas
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock
| | - Siddhartha Pati
- Centre of Excellence, Khallikote University, Berhampur, India
- Research Division, Association for Biodiversity Conservation and Research, Balasore, India
| | | | - Uttam Paudel
- Research Section, Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - David M. Pereira
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Arokiasamy Perianayagam
- Department of Development Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Julian David Pillay
- Basic Medical Sciences Department, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Saeed Pirouzpanah
- Department of Biochemistry and Dietetics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhad Pishgar
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Urooncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Indrashis Podder
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine and Sagore Dutta Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Maarten J. Postma
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- School of Economics and Business, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Hadi Pourjafar
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
- Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Akila Prashant
- Department of Biochemistry, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysuru, India
| | - Liliana Preotescu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Bucuresti, Romania
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mohammad Rabiee
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Radfar
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando
| | | | | | - Ata Rafiee
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Fakher Rahim
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shadi Rahimzadeh
- Department of Natural Science, Middlesex University, London, England
| | - Mosiur Rahman
- Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Aziz Rahman
- School of Nursing and Healthcare Professions, Federation University Australia, Berwick, Victoria, Australia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amir Masoud Rahmani
- Future Technology Research Center, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Nazanin Rajai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aashish Rajesh
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio
| | - Ivo Rakovac
- European Office for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, World Health Organization, Moscow, Russia
| | - Pradhum Ram
- Department of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kiana Ramezanzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamal Ranabhat
- Health Emergency Operation Center, Ministry of Health and Population, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Central Department of Public Health, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Chythra R. Rao
- Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Sowmya J. Rao
- Department of Oral Pathology, Srinivas Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, India
| | - Reza Rawassizadeh
- Department of Computer Science, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Razeghinia
- Department of Immunology and Laboratory Sciences, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Andre M. N. Renzaho
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Negar Rezaei
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aziz Rezapour
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Peter Rohloff
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Indigenous Health Research, Wuqu' Kawoq Maya Health Alliance, Tecpan, Guatemala
| | | | - Luca Ronfani
- Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Burlo Garofolo Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gholamreza Roshandel
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | | | - Manjula S
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysore, India
| | - Siamak Sabour
- Department of Epidemiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Basema Saddik
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Umar Saeed
- Research and Development, Islamabad Diagnostic Center Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Biological Production Development, National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Harihar Sahoo
- Department of Development Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Sana Salehi
- Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Marwa Rashad Salem
- Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hamideh Salimzadeh
- Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Samaei
- Emergency Department, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | | | - Juan Sanabria
- Department of Surgery, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Senthilkumar Sankararaman
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Milena M. Santric-Milicevic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- School of Public Health and Health Management, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Yaeesh Sardiwalla
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arash Sarveazad
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Brijesh Sathian
- Geriatric and Long-Term Care Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, England
| | - Monika Sawhney
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte
| | | | | | - Mario Sekerija
- Department of Medical Statistics, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention of Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases, Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Allen Seylani
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Omid Shafaat
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Radiology and Interventional Neuroradiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Shaghaghi
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Farshchian Heart Center, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Erfan Shamsoddin
- Department of Oral Health, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran, Iran
- Noncommunicable Diseases Committee, National Institute for Medical Research Developmen, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammed Shannawaz
- Symbiosis Medical College for Women, Symbiosis International University, Pune, India
| | - Rajesh Sharma
- University School of Management and Entrepreneurship, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
| | - Aziz Sheikh
- Centre for Medical Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sara Sheikhbahaei
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Adithi Shetty
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
| | - Jeevan K. Shetty
- Department of Biochemistry, Manipal University College Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Pavanchand H. Shetty
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
| | | | - Reza Shirkoohi
- Cancer Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - K. M. Shivakumar
- Public Health Dentistry Department, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Karad, India
| | - Velizar Shivarov
- Clinical Immunology and Hematology, Sofiamed University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Genetics, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridiski, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Soraya Siabani
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | - Jasvinder A. Singh
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham
- Medicine Service Department of Veterans Affairs, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | | | | | - Matthew J. Soeberg
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ahmad Sofi-Mahmudi
- Department of Oral Health, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran, Iran
- Cochrane Iran Associate Centre, National Institute for Medical Research Development, Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Houman Sotoudeh
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham
| | | | - Kurt Straif
- Schiller Institute, Boston College, Boston, Massachusetts
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Iyad Sultan
- Pediatric Services, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
- Pediatrics, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Saima Sultana
- Maternal and Child Health, Projahnmo Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Daniel Sur
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Oncology Institute “Prof Dr Ion Chiricuţă” Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Medical Oncology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Viktória Szerencsés
- Health Services Management Training Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Szócska
- Faculty of Health and Public Administration, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Carlos III Health Institute, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network, Madrid, Spain
| | - Takahiro Tabuchi
- Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Amir Taherkhani
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ken Takahashi
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Iman M. Talaat
- Clinical Sciences Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Pathology Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ker-Kan Tan
- Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vivian Y. Tat
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas, Galveston
| | - Bemnet Amare A. Tedla
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
- University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | | | - Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fisaha Haile Tesfay
- School of Public Health, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
- Southgate Institute for Health and Society, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Gizachew Assefa Tessema
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Rekha Thapar
- Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
| | - Aravind Thavamani
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Nihal Thomas
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, India
| | - Hamid Reza Tohidinik
- HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center and World Health Organization Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mathilde Touvier
- Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team, National Institute for Health and Medical Research Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Paris, France
- Department of Health, Medicine and Human Biology, Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, France
| | - Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Modestum LTD, London, England
| | - Eugenio Traini
- Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Burlo Garofolo Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Trieste, Italy
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Bach Xuan Tran
- Department of Health Economics, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Khanh Bao Tran
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Clinical Hematology and Toxicology, Maurice Wilkins Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mai Thi Ngoc Tran
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Health Informatics Department, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Hanoi Medical University, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Jaya Prasad Tripathy
- Department of Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, India
| | - Biruk Shalmeno Tusa
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia
| | - Irfan Ullah
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Iqra National University, Peshawar, Pakistan
- Pakistan Council for Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saif Ullah
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Era Upadhyay
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Marco Vacante
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maryam Vaezi
- Alzahra Teaching Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sahel Valadan Tahbaz
- Clinical Cancer Research Center, Milad General Hospital, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Diana Zuleika Velazquez
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacán Rosales, Mexico
| | - Massimiliano Veroux
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco S. Violante
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Occupational Health Unit, Sant'Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vasily Vlassov
- Department of Health Care Administration and Economics, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Bay Vo
- Faculty of Information Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Victor Volovici
- Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Center for Experimental Microsurgery, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Giang Thu Vu
- Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Yasir Waheed
- Foundation University Medical College, Foundation University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Richard G. Wamai
- Cultures, Societies and Global Studies, Integrated Initiative for Global Health, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
- School of Public Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Paul Ward
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Yi Feng Wen
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Stomatological Hospital (College) of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ronny Westerman
- Competence Center of Mortality-Follow-Up of the German National Cohort, Federal Institute for Population Research, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Andrea Sylvia Winkler
- Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lalit Yadav
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Research and Development Division, The George Institute for Global Health, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Lin Yang
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sanni Yaya
- School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
| | | | - Yigizie Yeshaw
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Naohiro Yonemoto
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mustafa Z. Younis
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zabihollah Yousefi
- Department of Environmental Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Chuanhua Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Deniz Yuce
- Cancer Institute, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ismaeel Yunusa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Outcomes Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia
| | - Vesna Zadnik
- Epidemiology and Cancer Registry Sector, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Fariba Zare
- Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, Moscow Research and Practical Centre on Addictions, Moscow, Russia
- Addictology Department, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anasthasia Zastrozhina
- Pediatrics Department, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jianrong Zhang
- Department of General Practice, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chenwen Zhong
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Linghui Zhou
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cong Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston
| | - Arash Ziapour
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Christina Fitzmaurice
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
- Division of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Christopher J. L. Murray
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Lisa M. Force
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bayat Z, Ahmadi-Motamayel F, Parsa MS, Taherkhani A. Potential biomarkers and signaling pathways associated with the pathogenesis of primary salivary gland carcinoma: a bioinformatics study. Genomics Inform 2022; 19:e42. [PMID: 35012286 PMCID: PMC8752977 DOI: 10.5808/gi.21052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland carcinoma (SGC) is rare cancer, constituting 6% of neoplasms in the head and neck area. The most responsible genes and pathways involved in the pathology of this disorder have not been fully understood. We aimed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs), the most critical hub genes, transcription factors, signaling pathways, and biological processes (BPs) associated with the pathogenesis of primary SGC. The mRNA dataset GSE153283 in the Gene Expression Omnibus database was re-analyzed for determining DEGs in cancer tissue of patients with primary SGC compared to the adjacent normal tissue (adjusted p-value < 0.001; |Log2 fold change| > 1). A protein interaction map (PIM) was built, and the main modules within the network were identified and focused on the different pathways and BP analyses. The hub genes of PIM were discovered, and their associated gene regulatory network was built to determine the master regulators involved in the pathogenesis of primary SGC. A total of 137 genes were found to be differentially expressed in primary SGC. The most significant pathways and BPs that were deregulated in the primary disease condition were associated with the cell cycle and fibroblast proliferation procedures. TP53, EGF, FN1, NOTCH1, EZH2, COL1A1, SPP1, CDKN2A, WNT5A, PDGFRB, CCNB1, and H2AFX were demonstrated to be the most critical genes linked with the primary SGC. SPIB, FOXM1, and POLR2A significantly regulate all the hub genes. This study illustrated several hub genes and their master regulators that might be appropriate targets for the therapeutic aims of primary SGC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Bayat
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6517838678, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ahmadi-Motamayel
- Dental Implants Research Center and Dental Research Center, Department of Oral Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6517838678, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Salimi Parsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6517838678, Iran
| | - Amir Taherkhani
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6517838678, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Oskouie AA, Ahmadi MS, Taherkhani A. Identification of Prognostic Biomarkers in Papillary Thyroid Cancer and Developing Non-Invasive Diagnostic Models Through Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis. Microrna 2022; 11:73-87. [PMID: 35068400 DOI: 10.2174/2211536611666220124115445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most frequent subtype of thyroid carcinoma, mainly detected in patients with benign thyroid nodules (BTN). Due to the invasiveness of accurate diagnostic tests, there is a need to discover applicable biomarkers for PTC. So, in this study, we aimed to identify the genes associated with prognosis in PTC. Besides, we performed a machine learning tool to develop a non-invasive diagnostic approach for PTC. METHODS For the study purposes, the miRNA dataset GSE130512 was downloaded from the GEO database and then analyzed to identify the common differentially expressed miRNAs in patients with non-metastatic PTC (nm-PTC)/metastatic PTC (m-PTC) compared with BTNs. The SVM was also applied to differentiate patients with PTC from those patients with BTN using the common DEMs. A protein-protein interaction network was also constructed based on the targets of the common DEMs. Next, functional analysis was performed, the hub genes were determined, and survival analysis was then executed. RESULTS A total of three common miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed among patients with nm-PTC/m-PTC compared with BTNs. In addition, it was established that the autophagosome maturation, ciliary basal body-plasma membrane docking, antigen processing as ubiquitination & proteasome degradation, and class I MHC mediated antigen processing & presentation are associated with the pathogenesis of PTC. Furthermore, it was illustrated that RPS6KB1, CCNT1, SP1, and CHD4 might serve as new potential biomarkers for PTC prognosis. CONCLUSION RPS6KB1, CCNT1, SP1, and CHD4 may be considered new potential biomarkers used for prognostic aims in PTC. However, performing validation tests is inevitable in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Arefi Oskouie
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saeed Ahmadi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Besat Hospital, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Amir Taherkhani
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Alvarez EM, Force LM, Xu R, Compton K, Lu D, Henrikson HJ, Kocarnik JM, Harvey JD, Pennini A, Dean FE, Fu W, Vargas MT, Keegan THM, Ariffin H, Barr RD, Erdomaeva YA, Gunasekera DS, John-Akinola YO, Ketterl TG, Kutluk T, Malogolowkin MH, Mathur P, Radhakrishnan V, Ries LAG, Rodriguez-Galindo C, Sagoyan GB, Sultan I, Abbasi B, Abbasi-Kangevari M, Abbasi-Kangevari Z, Abbastabar H, Abdelmasseh M, Abd-Elsalam S, Abdoli A, Abebe H, Abedi A, Abidi H, Abolhassani H, Abubaker Ali H, Abu-Gharbieh E, Achappa B, Acuna JM, Adedeji IA, Adegboye OA, Adnani QES, Advani SM, Afzal MS, Aghaie Meybodi M, Ahadinezhad B, Ahinkorah BO, Ahmad S, Ahmadi S, Ahmed MB, Ahmed Rashid T, Ahmed Salih Y, Aiman W, Akalu GT, Al Hamad H, Alahdab F, AlAmodi AA, Alanezi FM, Alanzi TM, Alem AZ, Alem DT, Alemayehu Y, Alhalaiqa FN, Alhassan RK, Ali S, Alicandro G, Alipour V, Aljunid SM, Alkhayyat M, Alluri S, Almasri NA, Al-Maweri SA, Almustanyir S, Al-Raddadi RM, Alvis-Guzman N, Ameyaw EK, Amini S, Amu H, Ancuceanu R, Andrei CL, Andrei T, Ansari F, Ansari-Moghaddam A, Anvari D, Anyasodor AE, Arabloo J, Arab-Zozani M, Argaw AM, Arshad M, Arulappan J, Aryannejad A, Asemi Z, Asghari Jafarabadi M, Atashzar MR, Atorkey P, Atreya A, Attia S, Aujayeb A, Ausloos M, Avila-Burgos L, Awedew AF, Ayala Quintanilla BP, Ayele AD, Ayen SS, Azab MA, Azadnajafabad S, Azami H, Azangou-Khyavy M, Azari Jafari A, Azarian G, Azzam AY, Bahadory S, Bai J, Baig AA, Baker JL, Banach M, Bärnighausen TW, Barone-Adesi F, Barra F, Barrow A, Basaleem H, Batiha AMM, Behzadifar M, Bekele NC, Belete R, Belgaumi UI, Bell AW, Berhie AY, Bhagat DS, Bhagavathula AS, Bhardwaj N, Bhardwaj P, Bhaskar S, Bhattacharyya K, Bhojaraja VS, Bibi S, Bijani A, Biondi A, Birara S, Bjørge T, Bolarinwa OA, Bolla SR, Boloor A, Braithwaite D, Brenner H, Bulamu NB, Burkart K, Bustamante-Teixeira MT, Butt NS, Butt ZA, Caetano dos Santos FL, Cao C, Cao Y, Carreras G, Catalá-López F, Cembranel F, Cerin E, Chakinala RC, Chakraborty PA, Chattu VK, Chaturvedi P, Chaurasia A, Chavan PP, Chimed-Ochir O, Choi JYJ, Christopher DJ, Chu DT, Chung MT, Conde J, Costa VM, Da'ar OB, Dadras O, Dahlawi SMA, Dai X, Damiani G, D'Amico E, Dandona L, Dandona R, Daneshpajouhnejad P, Darwish AH, Daryani A, De la Hoz FP, Debela SA, Demie TGG, Demissie GD, Demissie ZG, Denova-Gutiérrez E, Derbew Molla M, Desai R, Desta AA, Dhamnetiya D, Dharmaratne SD, Dhimal ML, Dhimal M, Dianatinasab M, Didehdar M, Diress M, Djalalinia S, Do HP, Doaei S, Dorostkar F, dos Santos WM, Drake TM, Ekholuenetale M, El Sayed I, El Sayed Zaki M, El Tantawi M, El-Abid H, Elbahnasawy MA, Elbarazi I, Elhabashy HR, Elhadi M, El-Jaafary SI, Enyew DB, Erkhembayar R, Eshrati B, Eskandarieh S, Faisaluddin M, Fares J, Farooque U, Fasanmi AO, Fatima W, Ferreira de Oliveira JMP, Ferrero S, Ferro Desideri L, Fetensa G, Filip I, Fischer F, Fisher JL, Foroutan M, Fukumoto T, Gaal PA, Gad MM, Gaewkhiew P, Gallus S, Garg T, Gebremeskel TG, Gemeda BNB, Getachew T, Ghafourifard M, Ghamari SH, Ghashghaee A, Ghassemi F, Ghith N, Gholami A, Gholizadeh Navashenaq J, Gilani SA, Ginindza TG, Gizaw AT, Glasbey JC, Goel A, Golechha M, Goleij P, Golinelli D, Gopalani SV, Gorini G, Goudarzi H, Goulart BNG, Grada A, Gubari MIM, Guerra MR, Guha A, Gupta B, Gupta S, Gupta VB, Gupta VK, Haddadi R, Hafezi-Nejad N, Hailu A, Haj-Mirzaian A, Halwani R, Hamadeh RR, Hambisa MT, Hameed S, Hamidi S, Haque S, Hariri S, Haro JM, Hasaballah AI, Hasan SMM, Hashemi SM, Hassan TS, Hassanipour S, Hay SI, Hayat K, Hebo SH, Heidari G, Heidari M, Herrera-Serna BY, Herteliu C, Heyi DZ, Hezam K, Hole MK, Holla R, Horita N, Hossain MM, Hossain MB, Hosseini MS, Hosseini M, Hosseinzadeh A, Hosseinzadeh M, Hostiuc M, Hostiuc S, Househ M, Hsairi M, Huang J, Hussein NR, Hwang BF, Ibitoye SE, Ilesanmi OS, Ilic IM, Ilic MD, Innos K, Irham LM, Islam RM, Islam SMS, Ismail NE, Isola G, Iwagami M, Jacob L, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Jain V, Jakovljevic M, Janghorban R, Javadi Mamaghani A, Jayaram S, Jayawardena R, Jazayeri SB, Jebai R, Jha RP, Joo T, Joseph N, Joukar F, Jürisson M, Kaambwa B, Kabir A, Kalankesh LR, Kaliyadan F, Kamal Z, Kamath A, Kandel H, Kar SS, Karaye IM, Karimi A, Kassa BG, Kauppila JH, Kemp Bohan PM, Kengne AP, Kerbo AA, Keykhaei M, Khader YS, Khajuria H, Khalili N, Khalili N, Khan EA, Khan G, Khan M, Khan MN, Khan MAB, Khanali J, Khayamzadeh M, Khosravizadeh O, Khubchandani J, Khundkar R, Kim MS, Kim YJ, Kisa A, Kisa S, Kissimova-Skarbek K, Kolahi AA, Kopec JA, Koteeswaran R, Koulmane Laxminarayana SL, Koyanagi A, Kugbey N, Kumar GA, Kumar N, Kwarteng A, La Vecchia C, Lan Q, Landires I, Lasrado S, Lauriola P, Ledda C, Lee SW, Lee WC, Lee YY, Lee YH, Leigh J, Leong E, Li B, Li J, Li MC, Lim SS, Liu X, Lobo SW, Loureiro JA, Lugo A, Lunevicius R, Magdy Abd El Razek H, Magdy Abd El Razek M, Mahmoudi M, Majeed A, Makki A, Male S, Malekpour MR, Malekzadeh R, Malik AA, Mamun MA, Manafi N, Mansour-Ghanaei F, Mansouri B, Mansournia MA, Martini S, Masoumi SZ, Matei CN, Mathur MR, McAlinden C, Mehrotra R, Mendoza W, Menezes RG, Mentis AFA, Meretoja TJ, Mersha AG, Mesregah MK, Mestrovic T, Miao Jonasson J, Miazgowski B, Michalek IM, Miller TR, Mingude AB, Mirmoeeni S, Mirzaei H, Misra S, Mithra P, Mohammad KA, Mohammadi M, Mohammadi SM, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A, Mohammadpourhodki R, Mohammed A, Mohammed S, Mohammed TA, Moka N, Mokdad AH, Molokhia M, Momtazmanesh S, Monasta L, Moni MA, Moradi G, Moradi Y, Moradzadeh M, Moradzadeh R, Moraga P, Morrison SD, Mostafavi E, Mousavi Khaneghah A, Mpundu-Kaambwa C, Mubarik S, Mwanri L, Nabhan AF, Nagaraju SP, Nagata C, Naghavi M, Naimzada MD, Naldi L, Nangia V, Naqvi AA, Narasimha Swamy S, Narayana AI, Nayak BP, Nayak VC, Nazari J, Nduaguba SO, Negoi I, Negru SM, Nejadghaderi SA, Nepal S, Neupane Kandel S, Nggada HA, Nguyen CT, Nnaji CA, Nosrati H, Nouraei H, Nowroozi A, Nuñez-Samudio V, Nwatah VE, Nzoputam CI, Oancea B, Odukoya OO, Oguntade AS, Oh IH, Olagunju AT, Olagunju TO, Olakunde BO, Oluwasanu MM, Omar E, Omar Bali A, Ong S, Onwujekwe OE, Ortega-Altamirano DV, Otstavnov N, Otstavnov SS, Oumer B, Owolabi MO, P A M, Padron-Monedero A, Padubidri JR, Pakshir K, Pana A, Pandey A, Pardhan S, Pashazadeh Kan F, Pasovic M, Patel JR, Pati S, Pattanshetty SM, Paudel U, Pereira RB, Peres MFP, Perianayagam A, Postma MJ, Pourjafar H, Pourshams A, Prashant A, Pulakunta T, Qadir MMFF, Rabiee M, Rabiee N, Radfar A, Radhakrishnan RA, Rafiee A, Rafiei A, Rafiei S, Rahim F, Rahimzadeh S, Rahman M, Rahman MA, Rahmani AM, Rajesh A, Ramezani-Doroh V, Ranabhat K, Ranasinghe P, Rao CR, Rao SJ, Rashedi S, Rashidi M, Rashidi MM, Rath GK, Rawaf DL, Rawaf S, Rawal L, Rawassizadeh R, Razeghinia MS, Regasa MT, Renzaho AMN, Rezaei M, Rezaei N, Rezaei N, Rezaeian M, Rezapour A, Rezazadeh-Khadem S, Riad A, Rios Lopez LE, Rodriguez JAB, Ronfani L, Roshandel G, Rwegerera GM, Saber-Ayad MM, Sabour S, Saddik B, Sadeghi E, Sadeghian S, Saeed U, Sahebkar A, Saif-Ur-Rahman KM, Sajadi SM, Salahi S, Salehi S, Salem MR, Salimzadeh H, Samy AM, Sanabria J, Sanmarchi F, Sarveazad A, Sathian B, Sawhney M, Sawyer SM, Saylan M, Schneider IJC, Seidu AA, Šekerija M, Sendo EG, Sepanlou SG, Seylani A, Seyoum K, Sha F, Shafaat O, Shaikh MA, Shamsoddin E, Shannawaz M, Sharma R, Sheikhbahaei S, Shetty A, Shetty BSK, Shetty PH, Shin JI, Shirkoohi R, Shivakumar KM, Shobeiri P, Siabani S, Sibhat MM, Siddappa Malleshappa SK, Sidemo NB, Silva DAS, Silva Julian G, Singh AD, Singh JA, Singh JK, Singh S, Sinke AH, Sintayehu Y, Skryabin VY, Skryabina AA, Smith L, Sofi-Mahmudi A, Soltani-Zangbar MS, Song S, Spurlock EE, Steiropoulos P, Straif K, Subedi R, Sufiyan MB, Suliankatchi Abdulkader R, Sultana S, Szerencsés V, Szócska M, Tabaeian SP, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tabary M, Tabuchi T, Tadbiri H, Taheri M, Taherkhani A, Takahashi K, Tampa M, Tan KK, Tat VY, Tavakoli A, Tbakhi A, Tehrani-Banihashemi A, Temsah MH, Tesfay FH, Tesfaye B, Thakur JS, Thapar R, Thavamani A, Thiyagarajan A, Thomas N, Tobe-Gai R, Togtmol M, Tohidast SA, Tohidinik HR, Tolani MA, Tollosa DN, Touvier M, Tovani-Palone MR, Traini E, Tran BX, Tran MTN, Tripathy JP, Tusa BS, Ukke GG, Ullah I, Ullah S, Umapathi KK, Unnikrishnan B, Upadhyay E, Ushula TW, Vacante M, Valadan Tahbaz S, Varthya SB, Veroux M, Villeneuve PJ, Violante FS, Vlassov V, Vu GT, Waheed Y, Wang N, Ward P, Weldesenbet AB, Wen YF, Westerman R, Winkler AS, Wubishet BL, Xu S, Yahyazadeh Jabbari SH, Yang L, Yaya S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi V, Yazie TS, Yehualashet SS, Yeshaneh A, Yeshaw Y, Yirdaw BW, Yonemoto N, Younis MZ, Yousefi Z, Yu C, Yunusa I, Zadnik V, Zahir M, Zahirian Moghadam T, Zamani M, Zamanian M, Zandian H, Zare F, Zastrozhin MS, Zastrozhina A, Zhang J, Zhang ZJ, Ziapour A, Zoladl M, Murray CJL, Fitzmaurice C, Bleyer A, Bhakta N. The global burden of adolescent and young adult cancer in 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Oncol 2022; 23:27-52. [PMID: 34871551 PMCID: PMC8716339 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(21)00581-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In estimating the global burden of cancer, adolescents and young adults with cancer are often overlooked, despite being a distinct subgroup with unique epidemiology, clinical care needs, and societal impact. Comprehensive estimates of the global cancer burden in adolescents and young adults (aged 15-39 years) are lacking. To address this gap, we analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, with a focus on the outcome of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), to inform global cancer control measures in adolescents and young adults. METHODS Using the GBD 2019 methodology, international mortality data were collected from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, and population-based cancer registry inputs modelled with mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs). Incidence was computed with mortality estimates and corresponding MIRs. Prevalence estimates were calculated using modelled survival and multiplied by disability weights to obtain years lived with disability (YLDs). Years of life lost (YLLs) were calculated as age-specific cancer deaths multiplied by the standard life expectancy at the age of death. The main outcome was DALYs (the sum of YLLs and YLDs). Estimates were presented globally and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintiles (countries ranked and divided into five equal SDI groups), and all estimates were presented with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). For this analysis, we used the age range of 15-39 years to define adolescents and young adults. FINDINGS There were 1·19 million (95% UI 1·11-1·28) incident cancer cases and 396 000 (370 000-425 000) deaths due to cancer among people aged 15-39 years worldwide in 2019. The highest age-standardised incidence rates occurred in high SDI (59·6 [54·5-65·7] per 100 000 person-years) and high-middle SDI countries (53·2 [48·8-57·9] per 100 000 person-years), while the highest age-standardised mortality rates were in low-middle SDI (14·2 [12·9-15·6] per 100 000 person-years) and middle SDI (13·6 [12·6-14·8] per 100 000 person-years) countries. In 2019, adolescent and young adult cancers contributed 23·5 million (21·9-25·2) DALYs to the global burden of disease, of which 2·7% (1·9-3·6) came from YLDs and 97·3% (96·4-98·1) from YLLs. Cancer was the fourth leading cause of death and tenth leading cause of DALYs in adolescents and young adults globally. INTERPRETATION Adolescent and young adult cancers contributed substantially to the overall adolescent and young adult disease burden globally in 2019. These results provide new insights into the distribution and magnitude of the adolescent and young adult cancer burden around the world. With notable differences observed across SDI settings, these estimates can inform global and country-level cancer control efforts. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities, St Baldrick's Foundation, and the National Cancer Institute.
Collapse
|
25
|
Khamverdi Z, Mohamadi Z, Taherkhani A. Molecular Docking and Dynamics Simulation of Natural Phenolic Compounds with GSK-3β: A Putative Target to Combat Mortality in Patients with COVID-19. Recent Adv Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov 2022; 15:16-34. [PMID: 35253634 DOI: 10.2174/1872213x14666210916161447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, molecular docking analysis was performed to evaluate the binding affinity of 52 plant-based phenolics with the GSK-3β active sites. Moreover, Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation was conducted to investigate the stability of interactions between the topranked phenolics and residues within the GSK-3β active sites. METHODS Molecular docking and MD simulations were performed using AutoDock and Discovery Studio Client software, respectively. Thereafter, pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties of top inhibitors were predicted using bioinformatics web tools. This study aimed to identify the most effective amino acids involved in the inhibition of GSK-3β based on the most stabilizing interactions between the residues and compounds, and also by considering the degree centrality in the ligand- amino acid interaction network for GSK-3β. RESULTS It was observed that procyanidin and amentoflavone could bind to the GSK-3β active sites at the picomolar (pM) scale as well as the binding affinity of ΔG binding < -13 kcal/mol, while the inhibition constant for theaflavin 3'-gallate, procyanidin B4, and rutin was calculated at the nanomolar (nM) scale, suggesting that these phenolic compounds can be considered as potential effective GSK-3β inhibitors. Furthermore, Val70, Ala83, Val135, and Tyr134 were found to be the most important amino acids involved in the inhibition of GSK-3β. CONCLUSION The results of the current study may be useful in the prevention of several human disorders, including COVID-19, cancers, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases. However, wet-lab experiments need to be performed in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Khamverdi
- Dental Research Center, Department of Operative Dentistry, Dental School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Zeinab Mohamadi
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Dental School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Amir Taherkhani
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Khalkhal E, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Fathi F, Nobakht M. Gh BF, Taherkhani A, Rostami-Nejad M, Asri N, Haidari MH. Screening of Altered Metabolites and Metabolic Pathways in Celiac Disease Using NMR Spectroscopy. Biomed Res Int 2021; 2021:1798783. [PMID: 34820452 PMCID: PMC8608527 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1798783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Celiac disease (CeD) is an autoimmune intestinal disorder caused by gluten protein consumption in genetically predisposed individuals. As biopsy sampling is an invasive procedure, finding novel noninvasive serological markers for screening of at-risk CeD population is a priority. Metabolomics is helpful in monitoring metabolite changes in body fluids and tissues. In the present study, we evaluated serum metabolite levels of CeD patients relative to healthy controls with the aim of introducing new biomarkers for population screening. METHOD We compared the serum metabolic profile of CeD patients (n = 42) and healthy controls (n = 22) using NMR spectroscopy and multivariate analysis. RESULT 25 metabolites were identified by serum metabolic profiling. Levels of 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid and isobutyrate showed significant differences in CeD patients' samples compared with healthy controls (p < 0.05). According to pathway analysis, our data demonstrated that changes in nine metabolic pathways were significantly disrupted/affected in patients with CeD. These enriched pathways are involved in aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis; primary bile acid biosynthesis; nitrogen metabolism; glutamine and glutamate metabolism; valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis and degradation; taurine and hypotaurine metabolism; glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism; glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism; and arginine biosynthesis. CONCLUSION In summary, our results demonstrated that changes in the serum level of 25 metabolites may be useful in distinguishing CeD patients from healthy controls, which have the potential to be considered candidate biomarkers of CeD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ensieh Khalkhal
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Rezaei-Tavirani
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Fathi
- Biochemistry Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - B. Fatemeh Nobakht M. Gh
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisoning Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Taherkhani
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rostami-Nejad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nastaran Asri
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossain Haidari
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ward JL, Azzopardi PS, Francis KL, Santelli JS, Skirbekk V, Sawyer SM, Kassebaum NJ, Mokdad AH, Hay SI, Abd-Allah F, Abdoli A, Abdollahi M, Abedi A, Abolhassani H, Abreu LG, Abrigo MRM, Abu-Gharbieh E, Abushouk AI, Adebayo OM, Adekanmbi V, Adham D, Advani SM, Afshari K, Agrawal A, Ahmad T, Ahmadi K, Ahmed AE, Aji B, Akombi-Inyang B, Alahdab F, Al-Aly Z, Alam K, Alanezi FM, Alanzi TM, Alcalde-Rabanal JE, Alemu BW, Al-Hajj S, Alhassan RK, Ali S, Alicandro G, Alijanzadeh M, Aljunid SM, Almasi-Hashiani A, Almasri NA, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Alonso J, Al-Raddadi RM, Altirkawi KA, Alvis-Guzman N, Amare AT, Amini S, Aminorroaya A, Amit AML, Amugsi DA, Ancuceanu R, Anderlini D, Andrei CL, Androudi S, Ansari F, Ansari I, Antonio CAT, Anvari D, Anwer R, Appiah SCY, Arabloo J, Arab-Zozani M, Ärnlöv J, Asaad M, Asadi-Aliabadi M, Asadi-Pooya AA, Atout MMW, Ausloos M, Avenyo EK, Avila-Burgos L, Ayala Quintanilla BP, Ayano G, Aynalem YA, Azari S, Azene ZN, Bakhshaei MH, Bakkannavar SM, Banach M, Banik PC, Barboza MA, Barker-Collo SL, Bärnighausen TW, Basu S, Baune BT, Bayati M, Bedi N, Beghi E, Bekuma TT, Bell AW, Bell ML, Benjet C, Bensenor IM, Berhe AK, Berhe K, Berman AE, Bhagavathula AS, Bhardwaj N, Bhardwaj P, Bhattacharyya K, Bhattarai S, Bhutta ZA, Bijani A, Bikbov B, Biondi A, Birhanu TTM, Biswas RK, Bohlouli S, Bolla SR, Boloor A, Borschmann R, Boufous S, Bragazzi NL, Braithwaite D, Breitborde NJK, Brenner H, Britton GB, Burns RA, Burugina Nagaraja S, Butt ZA, Caetano dos Santos FL, Cámera LA, Campos-Nonato IR, Campuzano Rincon JC, Cárdenas R, Carreras G, Carrero JJ, Carvalho F, Castaldelli-Maia JM, Castañeda-Orjuela CA, Castelpietra G, Catalá-López F, Cerin E, Chandan JS, Chang HY, Chang JC, Charan J, Chattu VK, Chaturvedi S, Choi JYJ, Chowdhury MAK, Christopher DJ, Chu DT, Chung MT, Chung SC, Cicuttini FM, Constantin TV, Costa VM, Dahlawi SMA, Dai H, Dai X, Damiani G, Dandona L, Dandona R, Daneshpajouhnejad P, Darwesh AM, Dávila-Cervantes CA, Davletov K, De la Hoz FP, De Leo D, Dervenis N, Desai R, Desalew A, Deuba K, Dharmaratne SD, Dhungana GP, Dianatinasab M, Dias da Silva D, Diaz D, Didarloo A, Djalalinia S, Dorostkar F, Doshi CP, Doshmangir L, Doyle KE, Duraes AR, Ebrahimi Kalan M, Ebtehaj S, Edvardsson D, El Tantawi M, Elgendy IY, El-Jaafary SI, Elsharkawy A, Eshrati B, Eskandarieh S, Esmaeilnejad S, Esmaeilzadeh F, Esteghamati S, Faro A, Farzadfar F, Fattahi N, Feigin VL, Ferede TY, Fereshtehnejad SM, Fernandes E, Ferrara P, Filip I, Fischer F, Fisher JL, Foigt NA, Folayan MO, Fomenkov AA, Foroutan M, Fukumoto T, Gad MM, Gaidhane AM, Gallus S, Gebre T, Gebremedhin KB, Gebremeskel GG, Gebremeskel L, Gebreslassie AA, Gesesew HA, Ghadiri K, Ghafourifard M, Ghamari F, Ghashghaee A, Gilani SA, Gnedovskaya EV, Godinho MA, Golechha M, Goli S, Gona PN, Gopalani SV, Gorini G, Grivna M, Gubari MIM, Gugnani HC, Guimarães RA, Guo Y, Gupta R, Haagsma JA, Hafezi-Nejad N, Haile TG, Haj-Mirzaian A, Haj-Mirzaian A, Hall BJ, Hamadeh RR, Hamagharib Abdullah K, Hamidi S, Handiso DW, Hanif A, Hankey GJ, Haririan H, Haro JM, Hasaballah AI, Hashi A, Hassan A, Hassanipour S, Hassankhani H, Hayat K, Heidari-Soureshjani R, Herteliu C, Heydarpour F, Ho HC, Hole MK, Holla R, Hoogar P, Hosseini M, Hosseinzadeh M, Hostiuc M, Hostiuc S, Househ M, Hsairi M, Huda TM, Humayun A, Hussain R, Hwang BF, Iavicoli I, Ibitoye SE, Ilesanmi OS, Ilic IM, Ilic MD, Inbaraj LR, Intarut N, Iqbal U, Irvani SSN, Islam MM, Islam SMS, Iso H, Ivers RQ, Jahani MA, Jakovljevic M, Jalali A, Janodia MD, Javaheri T, Jeemon P, Jenabi E, Jha RP, Jha V, Ji JS, Jonas JB, Jones KM, Joukar F, Jozwiak JJ, Juliusson PB, Jürisson M, Kabir A, Kabir Z, Kalankesh LR, Kalhor R, Kamyari N, Kanchan T, Karch A, Karimi SE, Kaur S, Kayode GA, Keiyoro PN, Khalid N, Khammarnia M, Khan M, Khan MN, Khatab K, Khater MM, Khatib MN, Khayamzadeh M, Khazaie H, Khoja AT, Kieling C, Kim YE, Kim YJ, Kimokoti RW, Kisa A, Kisa S, Kivimäki M, Koolivand A, Kosen S, Koyanagi A, Krishan K, Kugbey N, Kumar GA, Kumar M, Kumar N, Kurmi OP, Kusuma D, La Vecchia C, Lacey B, Lal DK, Lalloo R, Lan Q, Landires I, Lansingh VC, Larsson AO, Lasrado S, Lassi ZS, Lauriola P, Lee PH, Lee SWH, Leigh J, Leonardi M, Leung J, Levi M, Lewycka S, Li B, Li MC, Li S, Lim LL, Lim SS, Liu X, Lorkowski S, Lotufo PA, Lunevicius R, Maddison R, Mahasha PW, Mahdavi MM, Mahmoudi M, Majeed A, Maleki A, Malekzadeh R, Malta DC, Mamun AA, Mansouri B, Mansournia MA, Martinez G, Martinez-Raga J, Martins-Melo FR, Mason-Jones AJ, Masoumi SZ, Mathur MR, Maulik PK, McGrath JJ, Mehndiratta MM, Mehri F, Memiah PTN, Mendoza W, Menezes RG, Mengesha EW, Meretoja A, Meretoja TJ, Mestrovic T, Miazgowski B, Miazgowski T, Michalek IM, Miller TR, Mini GK, Mirica A, Mirrakhimov EM, Mirzaei H, Mirzaei M, Moazen B, Mohammad DK, Mohammadi S, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A, Mohammadifard N, Mohammadpourhodki R, Mohammed S, Monasta L, Moradi G, Moradi-Lakeh M, Moradzadeh R, Moraga P, Morrison SD, Mosapour A, Mousavi Khaneghah A, Mueller UO, Muriithi MK, Murray CJL, Muthupandian S, Naderi M, Nagarajan AJ, Naghavi M, Naimzada MD, Nangia V, Nayak VC, Nazari J, Ndejjo R, Negoi I, Negoi RI, Netsere HB, Nguefack-Tsague G, Nguyen DN, Nguyen HLT, Nie J, Ningrum DNA, Nnaji CA, Nomura S, Noubiap JJ, Nowak C, Nuñez-Samudio V, Ogbo FA, Oghenetega OB, Oh IH, Oladnabi M, Olagunju AT, Olusanya BO, Olusanya JO, Omar Bali A, Omer MO, Onwujekwe OE, Ortiz A, Otoiu A, Otstavnov N, Otstavnov SS, Øverland S, Owolabi MO, P A M, Padubidri JR, Pakshir K, Palladino R, Pana A, Panda-Jonas S, Pandey A, Panelo CIA, Park EK, Patten SB, Peden AE, Pepito VCF, Peprah EK, Pereira J, Pesudovs K, Pham HQ, Phillips MR, Piradov MA, Pirsaheb M, Postma MJ, Pottoo FH, Pourjafar H, Pourshams A, Prada SI, Pupillo E, Quazi Syed Z, Rabiee MH, Rabiee N, Radfar A, Rafiee A, Raggi A, Rahim F, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Rahman MHU, Rahman MA, Ramezanzadeh K, Ranabhat CL, Rao SJ, Rashedi V, Rastogi P, Rathi P, Rawaf DL, Rawaf S, Rawal L, Rawassizadeh R, Renzaho AMN, Rezaei N, Rezaei N, Rezai MS, Riahi SM, Rickard J, Roever L, Ronfani L, Roth GA, Rubagotti E, Rumisha SF, Rwegerera GM, Sabour S, Sachdev PS, Saddik B, Sadeghi E, Saeedi Moghaddam S, Sagar R, Sahebkar A, Sahraian MA, Sajadi SM, Salem MR, Salimzadeh H, Samy AM, Sanabria J, Santric-Milicevic MM, Saraswathy SYI, Sarrafzadegan N, Sarveazad A, Sathish T, Sattin D, Saxena D, Saxena S, Schiavolin S, Schwebel DC, Schwendicke F, Senthilkumaran S, Sepanlou SG, Sha F, Shafaat O, Shahabi S, Shaheen AA, Shaikh MA, Shakiba S, Shamsi M, Shannawaz M, Sharafi K, Sheikh A, Sheikhbahaei S, Shetty BSK, Shi P, Shigematsu M, Shin JI, Shiri R, Shuval K, Siabani S, Sigfusdottir ID, Sigurvinsdottir R, Silva DAS, Silva JP, Simonetti B, Singh JA, Singh V, Sinke AH, Skryabin VY, Slater H, Smith EUR, Sobhiyeh MR, Sobngwi E, Soheili A, Somefun OD, Sorrie MB, Soyiri IN, Sreeramareddy CT, Stein DJ, Stokes MA, Sudaryanto A, Sultan I, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tabuchi T, Tadakamadla SK, Taherkhani A, Tamiru AT, Tareque MI, Thankappan KR, Thapar R, Thomas N, Titova MV, Tonelli M, Tovani-Palone MR, Tran BX, Travillian RS, Tsai AC, Tsatsakis A, Tudor Car L, Uddin R, Unim B, Unnikrishnan B, Upadhyay E, Vacante M, Valadan Tahbaz S, Valdez PR, Varughese S, Vasankari TJ, Venketasubramanian N, Villeneuve PJ, Violante FS, Vlassov V, Vos T, Vu GT, Waheed Y, Wamai RG, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang YP, Westerman R, Wickramasinghe ND, Wu AM, Wu C, Yahyazadeh Jabbari SH, Yamagishi K, Yano Y, Yaya S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi V, Yeshitila YG, Yip P, Yonemoto N, Yoon SJ, Younis MZ, Yousefinezhadi T, Yu C, Yu Y, Yuce D, Zaidi SS, Zaman SB, Zamani M, Zamanian M, Zarafshan H, Zarei A, Zastrozhin MS, Zhang Y, Zhang ZJ, Zhao XJG, Zhu C, Patton GC, Viner RM. Global, regional, and national mortality among young people aged 10-24 years, 1950-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet 2021; 398:1593-1618. [PMID: 34755628 PMCID: PMC8576274 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01546-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Documentation of patterns and long-term trends in mortality in young people, which reflect huge changes in demographic and social determinants of adolescent health, enables identification of global investment priorities for this age group. We aimed to analyse data on the number of deaths, years of life lost, and mortality rates by sex and age group in people aged 10-24 years in 204 countries and territories from 1950 to 2019 by use of estimates from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. METHODS We report trends in estimated total numbers of deaths and mortality rate per 100 000 population in young people aged 10-24 years by age group (10-14 years, 15-19 years, and 20-24 years) and sex in 204 countries and territories between 1950 and 2019 for all causes, and between 1980 and 2019 by cause of death. We analyse variation in outcomes by region, age group, and sex, and compare annual rate of change in mortality in young people aged 10-24 years with that in children aged 0-9 years from 1990 to 2019. We then analyse the association between mortality in people aged 10-24 years and socioeconomic development using the GBD Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite measure based on average national educational attainment in people older than 15 years, total fertility rate in people younger than 25 years, and income per capita. We assess the association between SDI and all-cause mortality in 2019, and analyse the ratio of observed to expected mortality by SDI using the most recent available data release (2017). FINDINGS In 2019 there were 1·49 million deaths (95% uncertainty interval 1·39-1·59) worldwide in people aged 10-24 years, of which 61% occurred in males. 32·7% of all adolescent deaths were due to transport injuries, unintentional injuries, or interpersonal violence and conflict; 32·1% were due to communicable, nutritional, or maternal causes; 27·0% were due to non-communicable diseases; and 8·2% were due to self-harm. Since 1950, deaths in this age group decreased by 30·0% in females and 15·3% in males, and sex-based differences in mortality rate have widened in most regions of the world. Geographical variation has also increased, particularly in people aged 10-14 years. Since 1980, communicable and maternal causes of death have decreased sharply as a proportion of total deaths in most GBD super-regions, but remain some of the most common causes in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia, where more than half of all adolescent deaths occur. Annual percentage decrease in all-cause mortality rate since 1990 in adolescents aged 15-19 years was 1·3% in males and 1·6% in females, almost half that of males aged 1-4 years (2·4%), and around a third less than in females aged 1-4 years (2·5%). The proportion of global deaths in people aged 0-24 years that occurred in people aged 10-24 years more than doubled between 1950 and 2019, from 9·5% to 21·6%. INTERPRETATION Variation in adolescent mortality between countries and by sex is widening, driven by poor progress in reducing deaths in males and older adolescents. Improving global adolescent mortality will require action to address the specific vulnerabilities of this age group, which are being overlooked. Furthermore, indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic are likely to jeopardise efforts to improve health outcomes including mortality in young people aged 10-24 years. There is an urgent need to respond to the changing global burden of adolescent mortality, address inequities where they occur, and improve the availability and quality of primary mortality data in this age group. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Collapse
|
28
|
Moradkhani S, Farmani A, Saidijam M, Taherkhani A. COVID-19: docking-based virtual screening and molecular dynamics study to identify potential SARS-CoV-2 spike protein inhibitors from plant-based phenolic compounds. Acta Virol 2021; 65:288-302. [PMID: 34565157 DOI: 10.4149/av_2021_308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A novel coronavirus, known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), enters into the host cells through an interaction between its surface spike protein (S-protein) and the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors, leading to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Using effective S-protein inhibitors may reduce the virulence of the virus. Molecular docking was performed to evaluate the binding affinity of 97 phenolic compounds (phenolics) with the SARS-CoV-2 S-protein receptor-binding domain (RBD). Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was carried out to assess the stability of interactions between top-ranked compounds and S-protein RBD. Pharmacokinetics and toxicity of top-ranked inhibitors were also studied. Furthermore, the essential residues involved in ligand binding, based on the degree of each amino acid in the ligand-amino acid interaction (LAI) network for S-protein, were identified. Molecular docking and MD simulations were performed utilizing the AutoDock and Discovery Studio Client version, respectively. The LAI network was analyzed using the Cytoscape software. Pharmacokinetics and toxicity of top-ranked compounds were studied using bioinformatics webservers. It was estimated that nine of the studied phenolics can bind to the SARS-CoV-2 S-protein at the nanomolar scale with a considerable estimated energy of binding (∆G binding Keywords: COVID-19; drug; molecular docking; molecular dynamics; SARS-CoV-2; spike protein.
Collapse
|
29
|
Paulson KR, Kamath AM, Alam T, Bienhoff K, Abady GG, Abbas J, Abbasi-Kangevari M, Abbastabar H, Abd-Allah F, Abd-Elsalam SM, Abdoli A, Abedi A, Abolhassani H, Abreu LG, Abu-Gharbieh E, Abu-Rmeileh NME, Abushouk AI, Adamu AL, Adebayo OM, Adegbosin AE, Adekanmbi V, Adetokunboh OO, Adeyinka DA, Adsuar JC, Afshari K, Aghaali M, Agudelo-Botero M, Ahinkorah BO, Ahmad T, Ahmadi K, Ahmed MB, Aji B, Akalu Y, Akinyemi OO, Aklilu A, Al-Aly Z, Alam K, Alanezi FM, Alanzi TM, Alcalde-Rabanal JE, Al-Eyadhy A, Ali T, Alicandro G, Alif SM, Alipour V, Alizade H, Aljunid SM, Almasi-Hashiani A, Almasri NA, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Alonso J, Al-Raddadi RM, Altirkawi KA, Alumran AK, Alvis-Guzman N, Alvis-Zakzuk NJ, Ameyaw EK, Amini S, Amini-Rarani M, Amit AML, Amugsi DA, Ancuceanu R, Anderlini D, Andrei CL, Ansari F, Ansari-Moghaddam A, Antonio CAT, Antriyandarti E, Anvari D, Anwer R, Aqeel M, Arabloo J, Arab-Zozani M, Aripov T, Ärnlöv J, Artanti KD, Arzani A, Asaad M, Asadi-Aliabadi M, Asadi-Pooya AA, Asghari Jafarabadi M, Athari SS, Athari SM, Atnafu DD, Atreya A, Atteraya MS, Ausloos M, Awan AT, Ayala Quintanilla BP, Ayano G, Ayanore MA, Aynalem YA, Azari S, Azarian G, Azene ZN, B DB, Babaee E, Badiye AD, Baig AA, Banach M, Banik PC, Barker-Collo SL, Barqawi HJ, Bassat Q, Basu S, Baune BT, Bayati M, Bedi N, Beghi E, Beghi M, Bell ML, Bendak S, Bennett DA, Bensenor IM, Berhe K, Berman AE, Bezabih YM, Bhagavathula AS, Bhandari D, Bhardwaj N, Bhardwaj P, Bhattacharyya K, Bhattarai S, Bhutta ZA, Bikbov B, Biondi A, Birihane BM, Biswas RK, Bohlouli S, Bragazzi NL, Breusov AV, Brunoni AR, Burkart K, Burugina Nagaraja S, Busse R, Butt ZA, Caetano dos Santos FL, Cahuana-Hurtado L, Camargos P, Cámera LA, Cárdenas R, Carreras G, Carrero JJ, Carvalho F, Castaldelli-Maia JM, Castañeda-Orjuela CA, Castelpietra G, Cerin E, Chang JC, Chanie WF, Charan J, Chatterjee S, Chattu SK, Chattu VK, Chaturvedi S, Chen S, Cho DY, Choi JYJ, Chu DT, Ciobanu LG, Cirillo M, Conde J, Costa VM, Couto RAS, Dachew BA, Dahlawi SMA, Dai H, Dai X, Dandona L, Dandona R, Daneshpajouhnejad P, Darmstadt GL, Das JK, Dávila-Cervantes CA, Davis AC, Davletov K, De la Hoz FP, De Leo D, Deeba F, Denova-Gutiérrez E, Dervenis N, Desalew A, Deuba K, Dey S, Dharmaratne SD, Dhingra S, Dhungana GP, Dias da Silva D, Diaz D, Dorostkar F, Doshmangir L, Dubljanin E, Duraes AR, Eagan AW, Edinur HA, Efendi F, Eftekharzadeh S, El Sayed I, El Tantawi M, Elbarazi I, Elgendy IY, El-Jaafary SI, Emami A, Enany S, Eyawo O, Ezzikouri S, Faris PS, Farzadfar F, Fattahi N, Fauk NK, Fazlzadeh M, Feigin VL, Ferede TY, Fereshtehnejad SM, Fernandes E, Ferrara P, Filip I, Fischer F, Fisher JL, Foigt NA, Folayan MO, Foroutan M, Franklin RC, Freitas M, Friedman SD, Fukumoto T, Gad MM, Gaidhane AM, Gaidhane S, Gaihre S, Gallus S, Garcia-Basteiro AL, Garcia-Gordillo MA, Gardner WM, Gaspar Fonseca M, Gebremedhin KB, Getacher L, Ghashghaee A, Gholamian A, Gilani SA, Gill TK, Giussani G, Gnedovskaya EV, Godinho MA, Goel A, Golechha M, Gona PN, Gopalani SV, Goudarzi H, Grivna M, Gugnani HC, Guido D, Guimarães RA, Gupta RD, Gupta R, Hafezi-Nejad N, Haider MR, Haj-Mirzaian A, Hamidi S, Hanif A, Hankey GJ, Hargono A, Hasaballah AI, Hasan MM, Hasan SS, Hassan A, Hassanipour S, Hassankhani H, Havmoeller RJ, Hayat K, Heidari-Soureshjani R, Henry NJ, Herteliu C, Hole MK, Holla R, Hossain N, Hosseini M, Hosseinzadeh M, Hostiuc M, Hostiuc S, Househ M, Huang J, Humayun A, Hwang BF, Iavicoli I, Ibitoye SE, Ikuta KS, Ilesanmi OS, Ilic IM, Ilic MD, Inamdar S, Inbaraj LR, Iqbal K, Iqbal U, Islam MM, Islam SMS, Iso H, Iwagami M, Iwu CCD, Jaafari J, Jacobsen KH, Jagnoor J, Jain V, Janodia MD, Javaheri T, Javanmardi F, Jayaram S, Jayatilleke AU, Jenabi E, Jha RP, Ji JS, John O, Jonas JB, Joo T, Joseph N, Joukar F, Jozwiak JJ, Jürisson M, Kabir A, Kabir Z, Kalankesh LR, Kamyari N, Kanchan T, Kapoor N, Karami Matin B, Karch A, Karimi SE, Kassahun G, Kayode GA, Kazemi Karyani A, Kemmer L, Khalid N, Khalilov R, Khammarnia M, Khan EA, Khan G, Khan M, Khan MN, Khang YH, Khatab K, Khater AM, Khater MM, Khayamzadeh M, Khosravi A, Kim D, Kim YE, Kim YJ, Kimokoti RW, Kisa A, Kisa S, Kissoon N, Kopec JA, Kosen S, Koul PA, Koulmane Laxminarayana SL, Koyanagi A, Krishan K, Krishnamoorthy V, Kuate Defo B, Kucuk Bicer B, Kulkarni V, Kumar GA, Kumar M, Kumar N, Kurmi OP, Kusuma D, La Vecchia C, Lacey B, Lalloo R, Lami FH, Landires I, Larsson AO, Lasrado S, Lassi ZS, Lauriola P, Lee PH, Lee SWH, Lee YH, Leigh J, Leonardi M, Lewycka S, Li B, Li S, Liang J, Lim LL, Limenih MA, Lin RT, Liu X, Lodha R, Lopez AD, Lozano R, Lugo A, Lunevicius R, Mackay MT, Madhava Kunjathur S, Magnani FG, Mahadeshwara Prasad DR, Maheri M, Mahmoudi M, Majeed A, Maled V, Maleki A, Maleki S, Malekzadeh R, Malik AA, Malta DC, Mamun AA, Mansouri B, Mansournia MA, Martinez G, Martini S, Martins-Melo FR, Masoumi SZ, Maulik PK, McAlinden C, McGrath JJ, Medina-Solís CE, Mehrabi Nasab E, Mejia-Rodriguez F, Memish ZA, Mendoza W, Menezes RG, Mengesha EW, Mensah GA, Meretoja A, Meretoja TJ, Mersha AM, Mestrovic T, Miazgowski B, Miazgowski T, Michalek IM, Miller TR, Mini GK, Miri M, Mirica A, Mirrakhimov EM, Mirzaei H, Mirzaei M, Moazen B, Moghadaszadeh M, Mohajer B, Mohamad O, Mohammad Y, Mohammadi SM, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A, Mohammed S, Mokdad AH, Molokhia M, Monasta L, Mondello S, Moni MA, Moore CE, Moradi G, Moradi M, Moradzadeh R, Moraga P, Morawska L, Morrison SD, Mosser JF, Mousavi Khaneghah A, Mustafa G, Naderi M, Nagarajan AJ, Nagaraju SP, Naghavi M, Naghshtabrizi B, Naimzada MD, Nangia V, Narasimha Swamy S, Nascimento BR, Naveed M, Nazari J, Ndejjo R, Negoi I, Negoi RI, Nena E, Nepal S, Netsere HB, Nguefack-Tsague G, Ngunjiri JW, Nguyen CTY, Nguyen CT, Nguyen HLT, Nigatu YT, Nigussie SN, Nixon MR, Nnaji CA, Nomura S, Noor NM, Noubiap JJ, Nuñez-Samudio V, Nwatah VE, Oancea B, Odukoya OO, Ogbo FA, Olusanya BO, Olusanya JO, Omar Bali A, Onwujekwe OE, Ortiz A, Otoiu A, Otstavnov N, Otstavnov SS, Owolabi MO, P A M, Padubidri JR, Pakhale S, Pakshir K, Pal PK, Palladino R, Pana A, Panda-Jonas S, Pandey A, Pandey A, Pandi-Perumal SR, Pangaribuan HU, Pardo-Montaño AM, Park EK, Patel SK, Patton GC, Pawar S, Pazoki Toroudi H, Peden AE, Pepito VCF, Peprah EK, Pereira J, Pérez-Gómez J, Perico N, Pesudovs K, Pilgrim T, Pinheiro M, Piradov MA, Pirsaheb M, Platts-Mills JA, Pokhrel KN, Postma MJ, Pourjafar H, Prada SI, Prakash S, Pupillo E, Quazi Syed Z, Rabiee N, Radfar A, Rafiee A, Rafiei A, Raggi A, Rahimzadeh S, Rahman MHU, Rahmani AM, Ramezanzadeh K, Rana J, Ranabhat CL, Rao SJ, Rasella D, Rastogi P, Rathi P, Rawaf DL, Rawaf S, Rawasia WF, Rawassizadeh R, Reiner Jr RC, Remuzzi G, Renzaho AMN, Reshmi B, Resnikoff S, Rezaei N, Rezaei N, Rezapour A, Riahi SM, Ribeiro D, Rickard J, Roever L, Ronfani L, Rothenbacher D, Rubagotti E, Rumisha SF, Ryan PM, Saddik B, Sadeghi E, Saeedi Moghaddam S, Sagar R, Sahebkar A, Salahshoor MR, Salehi S, Salem MR, Salimzadeh H, Salomon JA, Samodra YL, Samy AM, Sanabria J, Santric-Milicevic MM, Saraswathy SYI, Sarker AR, Sarrafzadegan N, Sarveazad A, Sathian B, Sathish T, Sattin D, Saxena S, Saya GK, Saylan M, Schiavolin S, Schlaich MP, Schwebel DC, Schwendicke F, Senthilkumaran S, Sepanlou SG, Serván-Mori E, Sha F, Shafaat O, Shahabi S, Shahbaz M, Shaheen AA, Shahid I, Shaikh MA, Shakiba S, Shalash AS, Shams-Beyranvand M, Shannawaz M, Sharafi K, Sheikh A, Sheikhbahaei S, Shiferaw WS, Shigematsu M, Shin JI, Shiri R, Shiue I, Shuval K, Siddiqi TJ, Sidemo NB, Sigfusdottir ID, Sigurvinsdottir R, Silva JP, Silverberg JIS, Simonetti B, Singh BB, Singh JA, Singhal D, Sinha DN, Skiadaresi E, Skryabin VY, Skryabina AA, Sleet DA, Sobaih BH, Sobhiyeh MR, Soltani S, Soriano JB, Spurlock EE, Sreeramareddy CT, Steiropoulos P, Stokes MA, Stortecky S, Sufiyan MB, Suliankatchi Abdulkader R, Sulo G, Swope CB, Sykes BL, Szeto MD, Szócska M, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tadesse EG, Taherkhani A, Tamiru AT, Tareque MI, Tehrani-Banihashemi A, Temsah MH, Tesfay FH, Tessema GA, Tessema ZT, Thankappan KR, Thapar R, Tolani MA, Tovani-Palone MR, Traini E, Tran BX, Tripathy JP, Tsapparellas G, Tsatsakis A, Tudor Car L, Uddin R, Ullah A, Umeokonkwo CD, Unim B, Unnikrishnan B, Upadhyay E, Usman MS, Vacante M, Vaezi M, Valadan Tahbaz S, Valdez PR, Vasankari TJ, Venketasubramanian N, Verma M, Violante FS, Vlassov V, Vo B, Vu GT, Wado YD, Waheed Y, Wamai RG, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang YP, Ward P, Werdecker A, Westerman R, Wickramasinghe ND, Wilner LB, Wiysonge CS, Wu AM, Wu C, Xie Y, Yahyazadeh Jabbari SH, Yamagishi K, Yandrapalli S, Yaya S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi V, Yip P, Yonemoto N, Yoon SJ, Younis MZ, Yousefi Z, Yousefinezhadi T, Yu C, Yusuf SS, Zaidi SS, Zaman SB, Zamani M, Zamanian M, Zastrozhin MS, Zastrozhina A, Zhang Y, Zhang ZJ, Zhao XJG, Ziapour A, Hay SI, Murray CJL, Wang H, Kassebaum NJ. Global, regional, and national progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 for neonatal and child health: all-cause and cause-specific mortality findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet 2021; 398:870-905. [PMID: 34416195 PMCID: PMC8429803 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01207-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 has targeted elimination of preventable child mortality, reduction of neonatal death to less than 12 per 1000 livebirths, and reduction of death of children younger than 5 years to less than 25 per 1000 livebirths, for each country by 2030. To understand current rates, recent trends, and potential trajectories of child mortality for the next decade, we present the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 findings for all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality in children younger than 5 years of age, with multiple scenarios for child mortality in 2030 that include the consideration of potential effects of COVID-19, and a novel framework for quantifying optimal child survival. METHODS We completed all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality analyses from 204 countries and territories for detailed age groups separately, with aggregated mortality probabilities per 1000 livebirths computed for neonatal mortality rate (NMR) and under-5 mortality rate (U5MR). Scenarios for 2030 represent different potential trajectories, notably including potential effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the potential impact of improvements preferentially targeting neonatal survival. Optimal child survival metrics were developed by age, sex, and cause of death across all GBD location-years. The first metric is a global optimum and is based on the lowest observed mortality, and the second is a survival potential frontier that is based on stochastic frontier analysis of observed mortality and Healthcare Access and Quality Index. FINDINGS Global U5MR decreased from 71·2 deaths per 1000 livebirths (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 68·3-74·0) in 2000 to 37·1 (33·2-41·7) in 2019 while global NMR correspondingly declined more slowly from 28·0 deaths per 1000 live births (26·8-29·5) in 2000 to 17·9 (16·3-19·8) in 2019. In 2019, 136 (67%) of 204 countries had a U5MR at or below the SDG 3.2 threshold and 133 (65%) had an NMR at or below the SDG 3.2 threshold, and the reference scenario suggests that by 2030, 154 (75%) of all countries could meet the U5MR targets, and 139 (68%) could meet the NMR targets. Deaths of children younger than 5 years totalled 9·65 million (95% UI 9·05-10·30) in 2000 and 5·05 million (4·27-6·02) in 2019, with the neonatal fraction of these deaths increasing from 39% (3·76 million [95% UI 3·53-4·02]) in 2000 to 48% (2·42 million; 2·06-2·86) in 2019. NMR and U5MR were generally higher in males than in females, although there was no statistically significant difference at the global level. Neonatal disorders remained the leading cause of death in children younger than 5 years in 2019, followed by lower respiratory infections, diarrhoeal diseases, congenital birth defects, and malaria. The global optimum analysis suggests NMR could be reduced to as low as 0·80 (95% UI 0·71-0·86) deaths per 1000 livebirths and U5MR to 1·44 (95% UI 1·27-1·58) deaths per 1000 livebirths, and in 2019, there were as many as 1·87 million (95% UI 1·35-2·58; 37% [95% UI 32-43]) of 5·05 million more deaths of children younger than 5 years than the survival potential frontier. INTERPRETATION Global child mortality declined by almost half between 2000 and 2019, but progress remains slower in neonates and 65 (32%) of 204 countries, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia, are not on track to meet either SDG 3.2 target by 2030. Focused improvements in perinatal and newborn care, continued and expanded delivery of essential interventions such as vaccination and infection prevention, an enhanced focus on equity, continued focus on poverty reduction and education, and investment in strengthening health systems across the development spectrum have the potential to substantially improve U5MR. Given the widespread effects of COVID-19, considerable effort will be required to maintain and accelerate progress. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Collapse
|
30
|
Bayat Z, Farhadi Z, Taherkhani A. Identification of potential biomarkers associated with poor prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma through integrated bioinformatics analysis: A pilot study. Gene Reports 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
31
|
Manoochehri H, Jalali A, Tanzadehpanah H, Taherkhani A, Saidijam M. Identification of Key Gene Targets for Sensitizing Colorectal Cancer to Chemoradiation: an Integrative Network Analysis on Multiple Transcriptomics Data. J Gastrointest Cancer 2021; 53:649-668. [PMID: 34432208 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-021-00690-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a main cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. Chemoradioresistance is a major problem in CRC treatment. Identification of novel therapeutic targets in order to overcome treatment resistance in CRC is necessary. METHODS In this study, gene expression omnibus (GEO) database was searched to find microarray datasets. Data normalization/analyzing was performed using ExAtlas. The gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis was performed using g:Profiler. Protein-protein interaction network (PPIN) was constructed by Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) and analyzed using Cytoscape. Survival analysis was done using Kaplan-Meier curve method. RESULTS Forty-one eligible datasets were included in study. A total of 12,244 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 7337 unique DEGs were identified. Among them, 1187 DEGs were overlapped in ≥ 3 datasets. Fifty-five overlapped genes were considered as hub genes. Common hub genes in chemo/radiation/chemoradiation datasets were chosen as the essential candidate genes (n = 13). Forty-one hub gene and 7 essential candidate genes were contributed in the significant modules. The modules were mainly enriched in the signaling pathways of senescence, autophagy, NF-κB, HIF-1, stem cell pluripotency, notch, neovascularization, cell cycle, p53, chemokine, and PI3K-Akt. NGFR, FGF2, and PROM1 genes were significantly predictors of CRC patient's survival. CONCLUSION Our study revealed three-gene signatures as potential therapeutic targets and also candidate molecular markers in CRC chemoradioresistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Manoochehri
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Akram Jalali
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hamid Tanzadehpanah
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. .,Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Amir Taherkhani
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Massoud Saidijam
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. .,Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Taherkhani A, Orangi A, Moradkhani S, Khamverdi Z. Molecular Docking Analysis of Flavonoid Compounds with Matrix Metalloproteinase- 8 for the Identification of Potential Effective Inhibitors. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180817999200831094703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) participates in the degradation of different
types of collagens in the extracellular matrix and basement membrane. Up-regulation of the
MMP-8 has been demonstrated in many disorders including cancer development, tooth caries, periodontal/
peri-implant soft and hard tissue degeneration, and acute/chronic inflammation. Therefore,
MMP-8 has become an encouraging target for therapeutic procedures for scientists. We carried out a
molecular docking approach to study the binding affinity of 29 flavonoids, as drug candidates, with
the MMP-8. Pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties of the compounds were also studied.
Moreover, it was attempted to identify the most important amino acids participating in ligand binding
based on the degree of each of the amino acids in the ligand-amino acid interaction network for
MMP-8.
Methods:
Three-dimensional structure of the protein was gained from the RCSB database (PDB ID: 4QKZ).
AutoDock version 4.0 and Cytoscape 3.7.2 were used for molecular docking and network analysis,
respectively. Notably, the inhibitor of the protein in the crystalline structure of the 4QKZ was considered
as a control test. Pharmacokinetic and toxicological features of compounds were predicted
using bioinformatics web tools. Post-docking analyses were performed using BIOVIA Discovery
Studio Visualizer version 19.1.0.18287.
Results and Discussions:
According to results, 24 of the studied compounds were considered to be
top potential inhibitors for MMP-8 based on their salient estimated free energy of binding and inhibition
constant as compared with the control test: Apigenin-7-glucoside, nicotiflorin, luteolin,
glabridin, taxifolin, apigenin, licochalcone A, quercetin, isorhamnetin, myricetin, herbacetin,
kaemferol, epicatechin, chrysin, amentoflavone, rutin, orientin, epiafzelechin, quercetin-3-
rhamnoside, formononetin, isoliquiritigenin, vitexin, catechine, and isoquercitrin. Moreover, His-
197 was found to be the most important amino acid involved in the ligand binding for the enzyme.
Conclusion:
The results of the current study could be used in the prevention and therapeutic procedures
of a number of disorders such as cancer progression and invasion, oral diseases, and
acute/chronic inflammation. Although, in vitro and in vivo tests are inevitable in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Taherkhani
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Athena Orangi
- Dental Research Center, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Shirin Moradkhani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Plants and Natural Product Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Zahra Khamverdi
- Dental Research Center, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Saidijam M, Afshar S, Taherkhani A. Identifying Potential Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer and Developing Non-invasive Diagnostic Models Using Bioinformatics Approaches. Avicenna J Med Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.34172/ajmb.2020.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent causes of gastrointestinal tumors. Due to the invasiveness of the current diagnostic methods, there is an urgent need to develop non-invasive diagnostic approaches for CRC. The exact mechanisms and the most important genes associated with the development of CRC are not fully demonstrated. Objectives: This study aimed to identify differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs), key genes, and their regulators associated with the pathogenesis of CRC. The signaling pathways and biological processes (BPs) that were significantly affected in CRC were also indicated. Moreover, two non-invasive models were constructed for CRC diagnosis. Methods: The miRNA dataset GSE59856 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and analyzed to identify DEMs in CRC patients compared with healthy controls (HCs). A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was built and analyzed. Significant clusters in the PPI networks were identified, and the BPs and pathways associated with these clusters were studied. The hub genes in the PPI network, as well as their regulators were identified. Results: A total of 569 DEMs were demonstrated with the criteria of P value <0.001. A total of 110 essential genes and 30 modules were identified in the PPI network. Functional analysis revealed that 1005 BPs, 9 molecular functions (MFs), 14 cellular components (CCs), and 887 pathways were significantly affected in CRC. A total of 22 transcription factors (TFs) were demonstrated as the regulators of the hubs. Conclusion: Our results may provide new insight into the pathogenesis of CRC and advance the diagnostic and therapeutic methods of the disease. However, confirmation is required in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Massoud Saidijam
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Saeid Afshar
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Amir Taherkhani
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Taherkhani A, Moradkhani S, Orangi A, Jalalvand A, Khamverdi Z. Molecular docking study of flavonoid compounds for possible matrix metalloproteinase-13 inhibition. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 32:1105-1119. [PMID: 34898135 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) has been reported to be involved in different biological processes such as degradation of extracellular matrix proteins, activating or degrading some significant regulatory proteins, wound healing, tissue remodeling, cartilage degradation, bone development, bone mineralization, ossification, cell migration, and tumor cell invasion. Further, MMP-13 participates in many oral diseases such as tooth decay, gingivitis, and degradation of enamel and tissue around the implant. In addition, inhibition of MMP-13 has shown therapeutic properties for Alzheimer's disease (AD). We performed molecular docking to assess the binding affinity of 29 flavonoid compounds with the MMP-13. Additionally, pharmacokinetic and toxicity characteristics of the top-ranked flavonoids were studied. The current study also intended to identify the most important amino acids involved in the inhibition of MMP-13 based on topological feature (degree) in the ligand-amino acid network for MMP-13. METHODS Molecular docking and network analysis were studied using AutoDock and Cytoscape software, respectively. Pharmacokinetic and toxicity characteristics of compounds were predicted using bioinformatics web tools. RESULTS The results revealed that nine of the studied flavonoids had considerable estimated free energy of binding and inhibition constant: Rutin, nicotiflorin, orientin, vitexin, apigenin-7-glucoside, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, quercitrin-3-rhamnoside, and vicenin-2. Proline-242 was found to be the most important amino acid inhibiting the enzyme. CONCLUSIONS The results of the current study may be helpful in the prevention and therapeutic procedures of many disorders such as cancer, tooth caries, and AD. Nevertheless, validation tests are required in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Taherkhani
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Shirin Moradkhani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Plants and Natural Product Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Athena Orangi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Research Center, Dental School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Jalalvand
- Department of Influenza and other respiratory viruses, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Khamverdi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Research Center, Dental School, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lozano R, Fullman N, Mumford JE, Knight M, Barthelemy CM, Abbafati C, Abbastabar H, Abd-Allah F, Abdollahi M, Abedi A, Abolhassani H, Abosetugn AE, Abreu LG, Abrigo MRM, Abu Haimed AK, Abushouk AI, Adabi M, Adebayo OM, Adekanmbi V, Adelson J, Adetokunboh OO, Adham D, Advani SM, Afshin A, Agarwal G, Agasthi P, Aghamir SMK, Agrawal A, Ahmad T, Akinyemi RO, Alahdab F, Al-Aly Z, Alam K, Albertson SB, Alemu YM, Alhassan RK, Ali M, Ali S, Alipour V, Aljunid SM, Alla F, Almadi MAH, Almasi A, Almasi-Hashiani A, Almasri NA, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Almulhim AM, Alonso J, Al-Raddadi RM, Altirkawi KA, Alvis-Guzman N, Alvis-Zakzuk NJ, Amini S, Amini-Rarani M, Amiri F, Amit AML, Amugsi DA, Ancuceanu R, Anderlini D, Andrei CL, Androudi S, Ansari F, Ansari-Moghaddam A, Antonio CAT, Antony CM, Antriyandarti E, Anvari D, Anwer R, Arabloo J, Arab-Zozani M, Aravkin AY, Aremu O, Ärnlöv J, Asaad M, Asadi-Aliabadi M, Asadi-Pooya AA, Ashbaugh C, Athari SS, Atout MMW, Ausloos M, Avila-Burgos L, Ayala Quintanilla BP, Ayano G, Ayanore MA, Aynalem YA, Aynalem GL, Ayza MA, Azari S, Azzopardi PS, B DB, Babaee E, Badiye AD, Bahrami MA, Baig AA, Bakhshaei MH, Bakhtiari A, Bakkannavar SM, Balachandran A, Balassyano S, Banach M, Banerjee SK, Banik PC, Bante AB, Bante SA, Barker-Collo SL, Bärnighausen TW, Barrero LH, Bassat Q, Basu S, Baune BT, Bayati M, Baye BA, Bedi N, Beghi E, Behzadifar M, Bekuma TTT, Bell ML, Bensenor IM, Berman AE, Bernabe E, Bernstein RS, Bhagavathula AS, Bhandari D, Bhardwaj P, Bhat AG, Bhattacharyya K, Bhattarai S, Bhutta ZA, Bijani A, Bikbov B, Bilano V, Biondi A, Birihane BM, Bockarie MJ, Bohlouli S, Bojia HA, Bolla SRR, Boloor A, Brady OJ, Braithwaite D, Briant PS, Briggs AM, Briko NI, Burugina Nagaraja S, Busse R, Butt ZA, Caetano dos Santos FL, Cahuana-Hurtado L, Cámera LA, Cárdenas R, Carreras G, Carrero JJ, Carvalho F, Castaldelli-Maia JM, Castañeda-Orjuela CA, Castelpietra G, Castro F, Catalá-López F, Causey K, Cederroth CR, Cercy KM, Cerin E, Chandan JS, Chang AY, Charan J, Chattu VK, Chaturvedi S, Chin KL, Cho DY, Choi JYJ, Christensen H, Chu DT, Chung MT, Ciobanu LG, Cirillo M, Comfort H, Compton K, Cortesi PA, Costa VM, Cousin E, Dahlawi SMA, Damiani G, Dandona L, Dandona R, Darega Gela J, Darwesh AM, Daryani A, Dash AP, Davey G, Dávila-Cervantes CA, Davletov K, De Neve JW, Denova-Gutiérrez E, Deribe K, Dervenis N, Desai R, Dharmaratne SD, Dhungana GP, Dianatinasab M, Dias da Silva D, Diaz D, Dippenaar IN, Do HT, Dorostkar F, Doshmangir L, Duncan BB, Duraes AR, Eagan AW, Edvardsson D, El Sayed I, El Tantawi M, Elgendy IY, Elyazar IRF, Eskandari K, Eskandarieh S, Esmaeilnejad S, Esteghamati A, Ezekannagha O, Farag T, Farahmand M, Faraon EJA, Farinha CSES, Farioli A, Faris PS, Faro A, Fazlzadeh M, Feigin VL, Fernandes E, Ferrara P, Feyissa GT, Filip I, Fischer F, Fisher JL, Flor LS, Foigt NA, Folayan MO, Fomenkov AA, Foroutan M, Francis JM, Fu W, Fukumoto T, Furtado JM, Gad MM, Gaidhane AM, Gakidou E, Galles NC, Gallus S, Gardner WM, Geberemariyam BS, Gebrehiwot AM, Gebremeskel LG, Gebremeskel GG, Gesesew HA, Ghadiri K, Ghafourifard M, Ghashghaee A, Ghith N, Gholamian A, Gilani SA, Gill PS, Gill TK, Ginindza TG, Gitimoghaddam M, Giussani G, Glagn M, Gnedovskaya EV, Godinho MA, Goharinezhad S, Gopalani SV, Goudarzian AH, Goulart BNG, Gubari MIM, Guimarães RA, Guled RA, Gultie T, Guo Y, Gupta R, Gupta R, Hafezi-Nejad N, Hafiz A, Haile TG, Hamadeh RR, Hameed S, Hamidi S, Han C, Han H, Handiso DW, Hanif A, Hankey GJ, Haro JM, Hasaballah AI, Hasan MM, Hashi A, Hassan S, Hassan A, Hassanipour S, Hassankhani H, Havmoeller RJ, Hay SI, Hayat K, Heidari G, Heidari-Soureshjani R, Hendrie D, Herteliu C, Hird TR, Ho HC, Hole MK, Holla R, Hollingsworth B, Hoogar P, Hopf KP, Horita N, Hossain N, Hosseini M, Hosseinzadeh M, Hostiuc M, Hostiuc S, Househ M, Hsieh VCR, Hu G, Huda TM, Humayun A, Hwang BF, Iavicoli I, Ibitoye SE, Ikeda N, Ilesanmi OS, Ilic IM, Ilic MD, Inbaraj LR, Iqbal U, Irvani SSN, Irvine CMS, Islam MM, Islam SMS, Islami F, Iso H, Iwu CJ, Iwu CCD, Jaafari J, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Jafarinia M, Jahagirdar D, Jahani MA, Jahanmehr N, Jakovljevic M, Janjani H, Javaheri T, Jayatilleke AU, Jenabi E, Jha RP, Jha V, Ji JS, Jia P, John-Akinola YO, Jonas JB, Joukar F, Jozwiak JJ, Jürisson M, Kabir Z, Kalankesh LR, Kalhor R, Kamath AM, Kanchan T, Kapoor N, Karami Matin B, Karanikolos M, Karimi SM, Kassebaum NJ, Katikireddi SV, Kayode GA, Keiyoro PN, Khader YS, Khammarnia M, Khan M, Khan EA, Khang YH, Khatab K, Khater AM, Khater MM, Khatib MN, Khayamzadeh M, Khubchandani J, Kianipour N, Kim YE, Kim YJ, Kimokoti RW, Kinfu Y, Kisa A, Kissimova-Skarbek K, Kivimäki M, Kneib CJ, Kocarnik JM, Kochhar S, Kohler S, Kopec JA, Korotkova AV, Korshunov VA, Kosen S, Kotlo A, Koul PA, Koyanagi A, Krishan K, Krohn KJ, Kugbey N, Kulkarni V, Kumar GA, Kumar N, Kumar M, Kurmi OP, Kusuma D, Kyu HH, La Vecchia C, Lacey B, Lal DK, Lalloo R, Landires I, Lansingh VC, Larsson AO, Lasrado S, Lau KMM, Lauriola P, Lazarus JV, Ledesma JR, Lee PH, Lee SWH, Leever AT, LeGrand KE, Leigh J, Leonardi M, Li S, Lim SS, Lim LL, Liu X, Logroscino G, Lopez AD, Lopukhov PD, Lotufo PA, Lu A, Ma J, Madadin M, Mahasha PW, Mahmoudi M, Majeed A, Malagón-Rojas JN, Maleki S, Malta DC, Mansouri B, Mansournia MA, Martini S, Martins-Melo FR, Martopullo I, Massenburg BB, Mastrogiacomo CI, Mathur MR, McAlinden C, McKee M, Medina-Solís CE, Meharie BG, Mehndiratta MM, Mehrabi Nasab E, Mehri F, Mehrotra R, Mekonnen T, Melese A, Memiah PTN, Mendoza W, Menezes RG, Mensah GA, Meretoja TJ, Meretoja A, Mestrovic T, Miazgowski B, Michalek IM, Mirrakhimov EM, Mirzaei M, Mirzaei-Alavijeh M, Mitchell PB, Moazen B, Moghadaszadeh M, Mohamadi E, Mohammad Y, Mohammad DK, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji N, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A, Mohammed S, Mohammed JA, Mokdad AH, Monasta L, Mondello S, Moradi M, Moradi-Lakeh M, Moradzadeh R, Moraga P, Morgado-da-Costa J, Morrison SD, Mosapour A, Mosser JF, Mousavi Khaneghah A, Muriithi MK, Mustafa G, Nabhan AF, Naderi M, Nagarajan AJ, Naghavi M, Naghshtabrizi B, Naimzada MD, Nangia V, Nansseu JR, Nayak VC, Nazari J, Ndejjo R, Negoi I, Negoi RI, Neupane S, Ngari KN, Nguefack-Tsague G, Ngunjiri JW, Nguyen CT, Nguyen DN, Nguyen HLT, Nnaji CA, Nomura S, Norheim OF, Noubiap JJ, Nowak C, Nunez-Samudio V, Otoiu A, Ogbo FA, Oghenetega OB, Oh IH, Okunga EW, Oladnabi M, Olagunju AT, Olusanya JO, Olusanya BO, Oluwasanu MM, Omar Bali A, Omer MO, Ong KL, Onwujekwe OE, Ortega-Altamirano DVV, Ortiz A, Ostojic SM, Otstavnov N, Otstavnov SS, Øverland S, Owolabi MO, Padubidri JR, Pakhale S, Palladino R, Pana A, Panda-Jonas S, Pangaribuan HU, Pathak M, Patton GC, Paudel S, Pazoki Toroudi H, Pease SA, Peden AE, Pennini A, Peprah EK, Pereira J, Pigott DM, Pilgrim T, Pilz TM, Pinheiro M, Piradov MA, Pirsaheb M, Pokhrel KN, Postma MJ, Pourjafar H, Pourmalek F, Pourmirza Kalhori R, Pourshams A, Prada SI, Pribadi DRA, Pupillo E, Quazi Syed Z, Radfar A, Rafiee A, Rafiei A, Raggi A, Rahim F, Rahman MA, Rajabpour-Sanati A, Rana SM, Ranabhat CL, Rao SJ, Rasella D, Rashedi V, Rath GK, Rathi P, Rawaf S, Rawaf DL, Rawal L, Rawassizadeh R, Razo C, Renjith V, Renzaho AMN, Reshmi B, Rezaei N, Riahi SM, Ribeiro DC, Rickard J, Roberts NLS, Roever L, Romoli M, Ronfani L, Roshandel G, Rubagotti E, Rwegerera GM, Sabour S, Sachdev PS, Saddik B, Sadeghi M, Sadeghi E, Safari Y, Sagar R, Sahebkar A, Sahraian MA, Sajadi SM, Salahshoor MR, Salem MRR, Salem H, Salomon J, Samadi Kafil H, Samy AM, Sanabria J, Santric-Milicevic MM, Saraswathy SYI, Sarmiento-Suárez R, Sartorius B, Sarveazad A, Sathian B, Sathish T, Sattin D, Savic M, Sawyer SM, Saxena D, Sbarra AN, Schaeffer LE, Schiavolin S, Schmidt MI, Schutte AE, Schwebel DC, Schwendicke F, Seedat S, Sha F, Shahabi S, Shaheen AA, Shaikh MA, Shamsizadeh M, Shannawaz M, Sharafi K, Sharara F, Sharifi H, Shaw DH, Sheikh A, Sheikhtaheri A, Shetty BSK, Shibuya K, Shiferaw WS, Shigematsu M, Shin JI, Shiri R, Shirkoohi R, Shivakumar KM, Shrime MG, Shuval K, Siabani S, Sierpinski R, Sigfusdottir ID, Sigurvinsdottir R, Silva DAS, Silva JP, Simonetti B, Simpson KE, Singh JA, Singh P, Sinha DN, Skryabin VY, Smith EUR, Soheili A, Soltani S, Soofi M, Sorensen RJ, Soriano JB, Sorrie MB, Soyiri IN, Spurlock EE, Sreeramareddy CT, Stanaway JD, Steel N, Stein C, Stokes MA, Sufiyan MB, Suleria HAR, Sultan I, Szumowski Ł, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tabuchi T, Tadakamadla SK, Taddele BW, Tadesse DB, Taherkhani A, Tamiru AT, Tanser FC, Tareque MI, Tarigan IU, Teagle WL, Tediosi F, Tefera YGG, Tela FG, Tessema ZT, Thakur B, Titova MV, Tonelli M, Topor-Madry R, Topouzis F, Tovani-Palone MRR, Tran BX, Travillian R, Troeger CE, Tudor Car L, Uddin R, Ullah I, Umeokonkwo CD, Unnikrishnan B, Upadhyay E, Uthman OA, Vacante M, Valdez PR, Varughese S, Vasankari TJ, Vasseghian Y, Venketasubramanian N, Violante FS, Vlassov V, Vollset SE, Vongpradith A, Vos T, Waheed Y, Walters MK, Wamai RG, Wang H, Wang YP, Weintraub RG, Weiss J, Werdecker A, Westerman R, Wilner LB, Woldu G, Wolfe CDA, Wu AM, Wulf Hanson S, Xie Y, Xu R, Yahyazadeh Jabbari SH, Yamagishi K, Yano Y, Yaya S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi V, Yearwood JA, Yeshitila YG, Yip P, Yonemoto N, Younis MZ, Yousefi Z, Yousefinezhadi T, Yusefzadeh H, Zadey S, Zahirian Moghadam T, Zaidi SS, Zaki L, Zaman SB, Zamani M, Zamanian M, Zandian H, Zastrozhin MS, Zewdie KA, Zhang Y, Zhao XJG, Zhao Y, Zheng P, Zhu C, Ziapour A, Zlavog BS, Zodpey S, Murray CJL. Measuring universal health coverage based on an index of effective coverage of health services in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet 2020; 396:1250-1284. [PMID: 32861314 PMCID: PMC7562819 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30750-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Achieving universal health coverage (UHC) involves all people receiving the health services they need, of high quality, without experiencing financial hardship. Making progress towards UHC is a policy priority for both countries and global institutions, as highlighted by the agenda of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and WHO's Thirteenth General Programme of Work (GPW13). Measuring effective coverage at the health-system level is important for understanding whether health services are aligned with countries' health profiles and are of sufficient quality to produce health gains for populations of all ages. METHODS Based on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we assessed UHC effective coverage for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Drawing from a measurement framework developed through WHO's GPW13 consultation, we mapped 23 effective coverage indicators to a matrix representing health service types (eg, promotion, prevention, and treatment) and five population-age groups spanning from reproductive and newborn to older adults (≥65 years). Effective coverage indicators were based on intervention coverage or outcome-based measures such as mortality-to-incidence ratios to approximate access to quality care; outcome-based measures were transformed to values on a scale of 0-100 based on the 2·5th and 97·5th percentile of location-year values. We constructed the UHC effective coverage index by weighting each effective coverage indicator relative to its associated potential health gains, as measured by disability-adjusted life-years for each location-year and population-age group. For three tests of validity (content, known-groups, and convergent), UHC effective coverage index performance was generally better than that of other UHC service coverage indices from WHO (ie, the current metric for SDG indicator 3.8.1 on UHC service coverage), the World Bank, and GBD 2017. We quantified frontiers of UHC effective coverage performance on the basis of pooled health spending per capita, representing UHC effective coverage index levels achieved in 2019 relative to country-level government health spending, prepaid private expenditures, and development assistance for health. To assess current trajectories towards the GPW13 UHC billion target-1 billion more people benefiting from UHC by 2023-we estimated additional population equivalents with UHC effective coverage from 2018 to 2023. FINDINGS Globally, performance on the UHC effective coverage index improved from 45·8 (95% uncertainty interval 44·2-47·5) in 1990 to 60·3 (58·7-61·9) in 2019, yet country-level UHC effective coverage in 2019 still spanned from 95 or higher in Japan and Iceland to lower than 25 in Somalia and the Central African Republic. Since 2010, sub-Saharan Africa showed accelerated gains on the UHC effective coverage index (at an average increase of 2·6% [1·9-3·3] per year up to 2019); by contrast, most other GBD super-regions had slowed rates of progress in 2010-2019 relative to 1990-2010. Many countries showed lagging performance on effective coverage indicators for non-communicable diseases relative to those for communicable diseases and maternal and child health, despite non-communicable diseases accounting for a greater proportion of potential health gains in 2019, suggesting that many health systems are not keeping pace with the rising non-communicable disease burden and associated population health needs. In 2019, the UHC effective coverage index was associated with pooled health spending per capita (r=0·79), although countries across the development spectrum had much lower UHC effective coverage than is potentially achievable relative to their health spending. Under maximum efficiency of translating health spending into UHC effective coverage performance, countries would need to reach $1398 pooled health spending per capita (US$ adjusted for purchasing power parity) in order to achieve 80 on the UHC effective coverage index. From 2018 to 2023, an estimated 388·9 million (358·6-421·3) more population equivalents would have UHC effective coverage, falling well short of the GPW13 target of 1 billion more people benefiting from UHC during this time. Current projections point to an estimated 3·1 billion (3·0-3·2) population equivalents still lacking UHC effective coverage in 2023, with nearly a third (968·1 million [903·5-1040·3]) residing in south Asia. INTERPRETATION The present study demonstrates the utility of measuring effective coverage and its role in supporting improved health outcomes for all people-the ultimate goal of UHC and its achievement. Global ambitions to accelerate progress on UHC service coverage are increasingly unlikely unless concerted action on non-communicable diseases occurs and countries can better translate health spending into improved performance. Focusing on effective coverage and accounting for the world's evolving health needs lays the groundwork for better understanding how close-or how far-all populations are in benefiting from UHC. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Collapse
|
36
|
Vos T, Lim SS, Abbafati C, Abbas KM, Abbasi M, Abbasifard M, Abbasi-Kangevari M, Abbastabar H, Abd-Allah F, Abdelalim A, Abdollahi M, Abdollahpour I, Abolhassani H, Aboyans V, Abrams EM, Abreu LG, Abrigo MRM, Abu-Raddad LJ, Abushouk AI, Acebedo A, Ackerman IN, Adabi M, Adamu AA, Adebayo OM, Adekanmbi V, Adelson JD, Adetokunboh OO, Adham D, Afshari M, Afshin A, Agardh EE, Agarwal G, Agesa KM, Aghaali M, Aghamir SMK, Agrawal A, Ahmad T, Ahmadi A, Ahmadi M, Ahmadieh H, Ahmadpour E, Akalu TY, Akinyemi RO, Akinyemiju T, Akombi B, Al-Aly Z, Alam K, Alam N, Alam S, Alam T, Alanzi TM, Albertson SB, Alcalde-Rabanal JE, Alema NM, Ali M, Ali S, Alicandro G, Alijanzadeh M, Alinia C, Alipour V, Aljunid SM, Alla F, Allebeck P, Almasi-Hashiani A, Alonso J, Al-Raddadi RM, Altirkawi KA, Alvis-Guzman N, Alvis-Zakzuk NJ, Amini S, Amini-Rarani M, Aminorroaya A, Amiri F, Amit AML, Amugsi DA, Amul GGH, Anderlini D, Andrei CL, Andrei T, Anjomshoa M, Ansari F, Ansari I, Ansari-Moghaddam A, Antonio CAT, Antony CM, Antriyandarti E, Anvari D, Anwer R, Arabloo J, Arab-Zozani M, Aravkin AY, Ariani F, Ärnlöv J, Aryal KK, Arzani A, Asadi-Aliabadi M, Asadi-Pooya AA, Asghari B, Ashbaugh C, Atnafu DD, Atre SR, Ausloos F, Ausloos M, Ayala Quintanilla BP, Ayano G, Ayanore MA, Aynalem YA, Azari S, Azarian G, Azene ZN, Babaee E, Badawi A, Bagherzadeh M, Bakhshaei MH, Bakhtiari A, Balakrishnan S, Balalla S, Balassyano S, Banach M, Banik PC, Bannick MS, Bante AB, Baraki AG, Barboza MA, Barker-Collo SL, Barthelemy CM, Barua L, Barzegar A, Basu S, Baune BT, Bayati M, Bazmandegan G, Bedi N, Beghi E, Béjot Y, Bello AK, Bender RG, Bennett DA, Bennitt FB, Bensenor IM, Benziger CP, Berhe K, Bernabe E, Bertolacci GJ, Bhageerathy R, Bhala N, Bhandari D, Bhardwaj P, Bhattacharyya K, Bhutta ZA, Bibi S, Biehl MH, Bikbov B, Bin Sayeed MS, Biondi A, Birihane BM, Bisanzio D, Bisignano C, Biswas RK, Bohlouli S, Bohluli M, Bolla SRR, Boloor A, Boon-Dooley AS, Borges G, Borzì AM, Bourne R, Brady OJ, Brauer M, Brayne C, Breitborde NJK, Brenner H, Briant PS, Briggs AM, Briko NI, Britton GB, Bryazka D, Buchbinder R, Bumgarner BR, Busse R, Butt ZA, Caetano dos Santos FL, Cámera LLAA, Campos-Nonato IR, Car J, Cárdenas R, Carreras G, Carrero JJ, Carvalho F, Castaldelli-Maia JM, Castañeda-Orjuela CA, Castelpietra G, Castle CD, Castro F, Catalá-López F, Causey K, Cederroth CR, Cercy KM, Cerin E, Chandan JS, Chang AR, Charlson FJ, Chattu VK, Chaturvedi S, Chimed-Ochir O, Chin KL, Cho DY, Christensen H, Chu DT, Chung MT, Cicuttini FM, Ciobanu LG, Cirillo M, Collins EL, Compton K, Conti S, Cortesi PA, Costa VM, Cousin E, Cowden RG, Cowie BC, Cromwell EA, Cross DH, Crowe CS, Cruz JA, Cunningham M, Dahlawi SMA, Damiani G, Dandona L, Dandona R, Darwesh AM, Daryani A, Das JK, Das Gupta R, das Neves J, Dávila-Cervantes CA, Davletov K, De Leo D, Dean FE, DeCleene NK, Deen A, Degenhardt L, Dellavalle RP, Demeke FM, Demsie DG, Denova-Gutiérrez E, Dereje ND, Dervenis N, Desai R, Desalew A, Dessie GA, Dharmaratne SD, Dhungana GP, Dianatinasab M, Diaz D, Dibaji Forooshani ZS, Dingels ZV, Dirac MA, Djalalinia S, Do HT, Dokova K, Dorostkar F, Doshi CP, Doshmangir L, Douiri A, Doxey MC, Driscoll TR, Dunachie SJ, Duncan BB, Duraes AR, Eagan AW, Ebrahimi Kalan M, Edvardsson D, Ehrlich JR, El Nahas N, El Sayed I, El Tantawi M, Elbarazi I, Elgendy IY, Elhabashy HR, El-Jaafary SI, Elyazar IRF, Emamian MH, Emmons-Bell S, Erskine HE, Eshrati B, Eskandarieh S, Esmaeilnejad S, Esmaeilzadeh F, Esteghamati A, Estep K, Etemadi A, Etisso AE, Farahmand M, Faraj A, Fareed M, Faridnia R, Farinha CSES, Farioli A, Faro A, Faruque M, Farzadfar F, Fattahi N, Fazlzadeh M, Feigin VL, Feldman R, Fereshtehnejad SM, Fernandes E, Ferrari AJ, Ferreira ML, Filip I, Fischer F, Fisher JL, Fitzgerald R, Flohr C, Flor LS, Foigt NA, Folayan MO, Force LM, Fornari C, Foroutan M, Fox JT, Freitas M, Fu W, Fukumoto T, Furtado JM, Gad MM, Gakidou E, Galles NC, Gallus S, Gamkrelidze A, Garcia-Basteiro AL, Gardner WM, Geberemariyam BS, Gebrehiwot AM, Gebremedhin KB, Gebreslassie AAAA, Gershberg Hayoon A, Gething PW, Ghadimi M, Ghadiri K, Ghafourifard M, Ghajar A, Ghamari F, Ghashghaee A, Ghiasvand H, Ghith N, Gholamian A, Gilani SA, Gill PS, Gitimoghaddam M, Giussani G, Goli S, Gomez RS, Gopalani SV, Gorini G, Gorman TM, Gottlich HC, Goudarzi H, Goulart AC, Goulart BNG, Grada A, Grivna M, Grosso G, Gubari MIM, Gugnani HC, Guimaraes ALS, Guimarães RA, Guled RA, Guo G, Guo Y, Gupta R, Haagsma JA, Haddock B, Hafezi-Nejad N, Hafiz A, Hagins H, Haile LM, Hall BJ, Halvaei I, Hamadeh RR, Hamagharib Abdullah K, Hamilton EB, Han C, Han H, Hankey GJ, Haro JM, Harvey JD, Hasaballah AI, Hasanzadeh A, Hashemian M, Hassanipour S, Hassankhani H, Havmoeller RJ, Hay RJ, Hay SI, Hayat K, Heidari B, Heidari G, Heidari-Soureshjani R, Hendrie D, Henrikson HJ, Henry NJ, Herteliu C, Heydarpour F, Hird TR, Hoek HW, Hole MK, Holla R, Hoogar P, Hosgood HD, Hosseinzadeh M, Hostiuc M, Hostiuc S, Househ M, Hoy DG, Hsairi M, Hsieh VCR, Hu G, Huda TM, Hugo FN, Huynh CK, Hwang BF, Iannucci VC, Ibitoye SE, Ikuta KS, Ilesanmi OS, Ilic IM, Ilic MD, Inbaraj LR, Ippolito H, Irvani SSN, Islam MM, Islam M, Islam SMS, Islami F, Iso H, Ivers RQ, Iwu CCD, Iyamu IO, Jaafari J, Jacobsen KH, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Jafari H, Jafarinia M, Jahagirdar D, Jahani MA, Jahanmehr N, Jakovljevic M, Jalali A, Jalilian F, James SL, Janjani H, Janodia MD, Jayatilleke AU, Jeemon P, Jenabi E, Jha RP, Jha V, Ji JS, Jia P, John O, John-Akinola YO, Johnson CO, Johnson SC, Jonas JB, Joo T, Joshi A, Jozwiak JJ, Jürisson M, Kabir A, Kabir Z, Kalani H, Kalani R, Kalankesh LR, Kalhor R, Kamiab Z, Kanchan T, Karami Matin B, Karch A, Karim MA, Karimi SE, Kassa GM, Kassebaum NJ, Katikireddi SV, Kawakami N, Kayode GA, Keddie SH, Keller C, Kereselidze M, Khafaie MA, Khalid N, Khan M, Khatab K, Khater MM, Khatib MN, Khayamzadeh M, Khodayari MT, Khundkar R, Kianipour N, Kieling C, Kim D, Kim YE, Kim YJ, Kimokoti RW, Kisa A, Kisa S, Kissimova-Skarbek K, Kivimäki M, Kneib CJ, Knudsen AKS, Kocarnik JM, Kolola T, Kopec JA, Kosen S, Koul PA, Koyanagi A, Kravchenko MA, Krishan K, Krohn KJ, Kuate Defo B, Kucuk Bicer B, Kumar GA, Kumar M, Kumar P, Kumar V, Kumaresh G, Kurmi OP, Kusuma D, Kyu HH, La Vecchia C, Lacey B, Lal DK, Lalloo R, Lam JO, Lami FH, Landires I, Lang JJ, Lansingh VC, Larson SL, Larsson AO, Lasrado S, Lassi ZS, Lau KMM, Lavados PM, Lazarus JV, Ledesma JR, Lee PH, Lee SWH, LeGrand KE, Leigh J, Leonardi M, Lescinsky H, Leung J, Levi M, Lewington S, Li S, Lim LL, Lin C, Lin RT, Linehan C, Linn S, Liu HC, Liu S, Liu Z, Looker KJ, Lopez AD, Lopukhov PD, Lorkowski S, Lotufo PA, Lucas TCD, Lugo A, Lunevicius R, Lyons RA, Ma J, MacLachlan JH, Maddison ER, Maddison R, Madotto F, Mahasha PW, Mai HT, Majeed A, Maled V, Maleki S, Malekzadeh R, Malta DC, Mamun AA, Manafi A, Manafi N, Manguerra H, Mansouri B, Mansournia MA, Mantilla Herrera AM, Maravilla JC, Marks A, Martins-Melo FR, Martopullo I, Masoumi SZ, Massano J, Massenburg BB, Mathur MR, Maulik PK, McAlinden C, McGrath JJ, McKee M, Mehndiratta MM, Mehri F, Mehta KM, Meitei WB, Memiah PTN, Mendoza W, Menezes RG, Mengesha EW, Mengesha MB, Mereke A, Meretoja A, Meretoja TJ, Mestrovic T, Miazgowski B, Miazgowski T, Michalek IM, Mihretie KM, Miller TR, Mills EJ, Mirica A, Mirrakhimov EM, Mirzaei H, Mirzaei M, Mirzaei-Alavijeh M, Misganaw AT, Mithra P, Moazen B, Moghadaszadeh M, Mohamadi E, Mohammad DK, Mohammad Y, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji N, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A, Mohammadifard N, Mohammadpourhodki R, Mohammed S, Mokdad AH, Molokhia M, Momen NC, Monasta L, Mondello S, Mooney MD, Moosazadeh M, Moradi G, Moradi M, Moradi-Lakeh M, Moradzadeh R, Moraga P, Morales L, Morawska L, Moreno Velásquez I, Morgado-da-Costa J, Morrison SD, Mosser JF, Mouodi S, Mousavi SM, Mousavi Khaneghah A, Mueller UO, Munro SB, Muriithi MK, Musa KI, Muthupandian S, Naderi M, Nagarajan AJ, Nagel G, Naghshtabrizi B, Nair S, Nandi AK, Nangia V, Nansseu JR, Nayak VC, Nazari J, Negoi I, Negoi RI, Netsere HBN, Ngunjiri JW, Nguyen CT, Nguyen J, Nguyen M, Nguyen M, Nichols E, Nigatu D, Nigatu YT, Nikbakhsh R, Nixon MR, Nnaji CA, Nomura S, Norrving B, Noubiap JJ, Nowak C, Nunez-Samudio V, Oţoiu A, Oancea B, Odell CM, Ogbo FA, Oh IH, Okunga EW, Oladnabi M, Olagunju AT, Olusanya BO, Olusanya JO, Oluwasanu MM, Omar Bali A, Omer MO, Ong KL, Onwujekwe OE, Orji AU, Orpana HM, Ortiz A, Ostroff SM, Otstavnov N, Otstavnov SS, Øverland S, Owolabi MO, P A M, Padubidri JR, Pakhare AP, Palladino R, Pana A, Panda-Jonas S, Pandey A, Park EK, Parmar PGK, Pasupula DK, Patel SK, Paternina-Caicedo AJ, Pathak A, Pathak M, Patten SB, Patton GC, Paudel D, Pazoki Toroudi H, Peden AE, Pennini A, Pepito VCF, Peprah EK, Pereira A, Pereira DM, Perico N, Pham HQ, Phillips MR, Pigott DM, Pilgrim T, Pilz TM, Pirsaheb M, Plana-Ripoll O, Plass D, Pokhrel KN, Polibin RV, Polinder S, Polkinghorne KR, Postma MJ, Pourjafar H, Pourmalek F, Pourmirza Kalhori R, Pourshams A, Poznańska A, Prada SI, Prakash V, Pribadi DRA, Pupillo E, Quazi Syed Z, Rabiee M, Rabiee N, Radfar A, Rafiee A, Rafiei A, Raggi A, Rahimi-Movaghar A, Rahman MA, Rajabpour-Sanati A, Rajati F, Ramezanzadeh K, Ranabhat CL, Rao PC, Rao SJ, Rasella D, Rastogi P, Rathi P, Rawaf DL, Rawaf S, Rawal L, Razo C, Redford SB, Reiner RC, Reinig N, Reitsma MB, Remuzzi G, Renjith V, Renzaho AMN, Resnikoff S, Rezaei N, Rezai MS, Rezapour A, Rhinehart PA, Riahi SM, Ribeiro ALP, Ribeiro DC, Ribeiro D, Rickard J, Roberts NLS, Roberts S, Robinson SR, Roever L, Rolfe S, Ronfani L, Roshandel G, Roth GA, Rubagotti E, Rumisha SF, Sabour S, Sachdev PS, Saddik B, Sadeghi E, Sadeghi M, Saeidi S, Safi S, Safiri S, Sagar R, Sahebkar A, Sahraian MA, Sajadi SM, Salahshoor MR, Salamati P, Salehi Zahabi S, Salem H, Salem MRR, Salimzadeh H, Salomon JA, Salz I, Samad Z, Samy AM, Sanabria J, Santomauro DF, Santos IS, Santos JV, Santric-Milicevic MM, Saraswathy SYI, Sarmiento-Suárez R, Sarrafzadegan N, Sartorius B, Sarveazad A, Sathian B, Sathish T, Sattin D, Sbarra AN, Schaeffer LE, Schiavolin S, Schmidt MI, Schutte AE, Schwebel DC, Schwendicke F, Senbeta AM, Senthilkumaran S, Sepanlou SG, Shackelford KA, Shadid J, Shahabi S, Shaheen AA, Shaikh MA, Shalash AS, Shams-Beyranvand M, Shamsizadeh M, Shannawaz M, Sharafi K, Sharara F, Sheena BS, Sheikhtaheri A, Shetty RS, Shibuya K, Shiferaw WS, Shigematsu M, Shin JI, Shiri R, Shirkoohi R, Shrime MG, Shuval K, Siabani S, Sigfusdottir ID, Sigurvinsdottir R, Silva JP, Simpson KE, Singh A, Singh JA, Skiadaresi E, Skou ST, Skryabin VY, Sobngwi E, Sokhan A, Soltani S, Sorensen RJD, Soriano JB, Sorrie MB, Soyiri IN, Sreeramareddy CT, Stanaway JD, Stark BA, Ştefan SC, Stein C, Steiner C, Steiner TJ, Stokes MA, Stovner LJ, Stubbs JL, Sudaryanto A, Sufiyan MB, Sulo G, Sultan I, Sykes BL, Sylte DO, Szócska M, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tabb KM, Tadakamadla SK, Taherkhani A, Tajdini M, Takahashi K, Taveira N, Teagle WL, Teame H, Tehrani-Banihashemi A, Teklehaimanot BF, Terrason S, Tessema ZT, Thankappan KR, Thomson AM, Tohidinik HR, Tonelli M, Topor-Madry R, Torre AE, Touvier M, Tovani-Palone MRR, Tran BX, Travillian R, Troeger CE, Truelsen TC, Tsai AC, Tsatsakis A, Tudor Car L, Tyrovolas S, Uddin R, Ullah S, Undurraga EA, Unnikrishnan B, Vacante M, Vakilian A, Valdez PR, Varughese S, Vasankari TJ, Vasseghian Y, Venketasubramanian N, Violante FS, Vlassov V, Vollset SE, Vongpradith A, Vukovic A, Vukovic R, Waheed Y, Walters MK, Wang J, Wang Y, Wang YP, Ward JL, Watson A, Wei J, Weintraub RG, Weiss DJ, Weiss J, Westerman R, Whisnant JL, Whiteford HA, Wiangkham T, Wiens KE, Wijeratne T, Wilner LB, Wilson S, Wojtyniak B, Wolfe CDA, Wool EE, Wu AM, Wulf Hanson S, Wunrow HY, Xu G, Xu R, Yadgir S, Yahyazadeh Jabbari SH, Yamagishi K, Yaminfirooz M, Yano Y, Yaya S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi V, Yearwood JA, Yeheyis TY, Yeshitila YG, Yip P, Yonemoto N, Yoon SJ, Yoosefi Lebni J, Younis MZ, Younker TP, Yousefi Z, Yousefifard M, Yousefinezhadi T, Yousuf AY, Yu C, Yusefzadeh H, Zahirian Moghadam T, Zaki L, Zaman SB, Zamani M, Zamanian M, Zandian H, Zangeneh A, Zastrozhin MS, Zewdie KA, Zhang Y, Zhang ZJ, Zhao JT, Zhao Y, Zheng P, Zhou M, Ziapour A, Zimsen SRM, Naghavi M, Murray CJL. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet 2020; 396:1204-1222. [PMID: 33069326 PMCID: PMC7567026 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30925-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6299] [Impact Index Per Article: 1574.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries. METHODS GBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and injuries, for two sexes, and for 204 countries and territories. Input data were extracted from censuses, household surveys, civil registration and vital statistics, disease registries, health service use, air pollution monitors, satellite imaging, disease notifications, and other sources. Cause-specific death rates and cause fractions were calculated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Cause-specific deaths were adjusted to match the total all-cause deaths calculated as part of the GBD population, fertility, and mortality estimates. Deaths were multiplied by standard life expectancy at each age to calculate YLLs. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, was used to ensure consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, excess mortality, and cause-specific mortality for most causes. Prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights for mutually exclusive sequelae of diseases and injuries to calculate YLDs. We considered results in the context of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and fertility rate in females younger than 25 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw values of the posterior distribution. FINDINGS Global health has steadily improved over the past 30 years as measured by age-standardised DALY rates. After taking into account population growth and ageing, the absolute number of DALYs has remained stable. Since 2010, the pace of decline in global age-standardised DALY rates has accelerated in age groups younger than 50 years compared with the 1990-2010 time period, with the greatest annualised rate of decline occurring in the 0-9-year age group. Six infectious diseases were among the top ten causes of DALYs in children younger than 10 years in 2019: lower respiratory infections (ranked second), diarrhoeal diseases (third), malaria (fifth), meningitis (sixth), whooping cough (ninth), and sexually transmitted infections (which, in this age group, is fully accounted for by congenital syphilis; ranked tenth). In adolescents aged 10-24 years, three injury causes were among the top causes of DALYs: road injuries (ranked first), self-harm (third), and interpersonal violence (fifth). Five of the causes that were in the top ten for ages 10-24 years were also in the top ten in the 25-49-year age group: road injuries (ranked first), HIV/AIDS (second), low back pain (fourth), headache disorders (fifth), and depressive disorders (sixth). In 2019, ischaemic heart disease and stroke were the top-ranked causes of DALYs in both the 50-74-year and 75-years-and-older age groups. Since 1990, there has been a marked shift towards a greater proportion of burden due to YLDs from non-communicable diseases and injuries. In 2019, there were 11 countries where non-communicable disease and injury YLDs constituted more than half of all disease burden. Decreases in age-standardised DALY rates have accelerated over the past decade in countries at the lower end of the SDI range, while improvements have started to stagnate or even reverse in countries with higher SDI. INTERPRETATION As disability becomes an increasingly large component of disease burden and a larger component of health expenditure, greater research and development investment is needed to identify new, more effective intervention strategies. With a rapidly ageing global population, the demands on health services to deal with disabling outcomes, which increase with age, will require policy makers to anticipate these changes. The mix of universal and more geographically specific influences on health reinforces the need for regular reporting on population health in detail and by underlying cause to help decision makers to identify success stories of disease control to emulate, as well as opportunities to improve. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Collapse
|
37
|
Murray CJL, Aravkin AY, Zheng P, Abbafati C, Abbas KM, Abbasi-Kangevari M, Abd-Allah F, Abdelalim A, Abdollahi M, Abdollahpour I, Abegaz KH, Abolhassani H, Aboyans V, Abreu LG, Abrigo MRM, Abualhasan A, Abu-Raddad LJ, Abushouk AI, Adabi M, Adekanmbi V, Adeoye AM, Adetokunboh OO, Adham D, Advani SM, Agarwal G, Aghamir SMK, Agrawal A, Ahmad T, Ahmadi K, Ahmadi M, Ahmadieh H, Ahmed MB, Akalu TY, Akinyemi RO, Akinyemiju T, Akombi B, Akunna CJ, Alahdab F, Al-Aly Z, Alam K, Alam S, Alam T, Alanezi FM, Alanzi TM, Alemu BW, Alhabib KF, Ali M, Ali S, Alicandro G, Alinia C, Alipour V, Alizade H, Aljunid SM, Alla F, Allebeck P, Almasi-Hashiani A, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Alonso J, Altirkawi KA, Amini-Rarani M, Amiri F, Amugsi DA, Ancuceanu R, Anderlini D, Anderson JA, Andrei CL, Andrei T, Angus C, Anjomshoa M, Ansari F, Ansari-Moghaddam A, Antonazzo IC, Antonio CAT, Antony CM, Antriyandarti E, Anvari D, Anwer R, Appiah SCY, Arabloo J, Arab-Zozani M, Ariani F, Armoon B, Ärnlöv J, Arzani A, Asadi-Aliabadi M, Asadi-Pooya AA, Ashbaugh C, Assmus M, Atafar Z, Atnafu DD, Atout MMW, Ausloos F, Ausloos M, Ayala Quintanilla BP, Ayano G, Ayanore MA, Azari S, Azarian G, Azene ZN, Badawi A, Badiye AD, Bahrami MA, Bakhshaei MH, Bakhtiari A, Bakkannavar SM, Baldasseroni A, Ball K, Ballew SH, Balzi D, Banach M, Banerjee SK, Bante AB, Baraki AG, Barker-Collo SL, Bärnighausen TW, Barrero LH, Barthelemy CM, Barua L, Basu S, Baune BT, Bayati M, Becker JS, Bedi N, Beghi E, Béjot Y, Bell ML, Bennitt FB, Bensenor IM, Berhe K, Berman AE, Bhagavathula AS, Bhageerathy R, Bhala N, Bhandari D, Bhattacharyya K, Bhutta ZA, Bijani A, Bikbov B, Bin Sayeed MS, Biondi A, Birihane BM, Bisignano C, Biswas RK, Bitew H, Bohlouli S, Bohluli M, Boon-Dooley AS, Borges G, Borzì AM, Borzouei S, Bosetti C, Boufous S, Braithwaite D, Breitborde NJK, Breitner S, Brenner H, Briant PS, Briko AN, Briko NI, Britton GB, Bryazka D, Bumgarner BR, Burkart K, Burnett RT, Burugina Nagaraja S, Butt ZA, Caetano dos Santos FL, Cahill LE, Cámera LLAA, Campos-Nonato IR, Cárdenas R, Carreras G, Carrero JJ, Carvalho F, Castaldelli-Maia JM, Castañeda-Orjuela CA, Castelpietra G, Castro F, Causey K, Cederroth CR, Cercy KM, Cerin E, Chandan JS, Chang KL, Charlson FJ, Chattu VK, Chaturvedi S, Cherbuin N, Chimed-Ochir O, Cho DY, Choi JYJ, Christensen H, Chu DT, Chung MT, Chung SC, Cicuttini FM, Ciobanu LG, Cirillo M, Classen TKD, Cohen AJ, Compton K, Cooper OR, Costa VM, Cousin E, Cowden RG, Cross DH, Cruz JA, Dahlawi SMA, Damasceno AAM, Damiani G, Dandona L, Dandona R, Dangel WJ, Danielsson AK, Dargan PI, Darwesh AM, Daryani A, Das JK, Das Gupta R, das Neves J, Dávila-Cervantes CA, Davitoiu DV, De Leo D, Degenhardt L, DeLang M, Dellavalle RP, Demeke FM, Demoz GT, Demsie DG, Denova-Gutiérrez E, Dervenis N, Dhungana GP, Dianatinasab M, Dias da Silva D, Diaz D, Dibaji Forooshani ZS, Djalalinia S, Do HT, Dokova K, Dorostkar F, Doshmangir L, Driscoll TR, Duncan BB, Duraes AR, Eagan AW, Edvardsson D, El Nahas N, El Sayed I, El Tantawi M, Elbarazi I, Elgendy IY, El-Jaafary SI, Elyazar IRF, Emmons-Bell S, Erskine HE, Eskandarieh S, Esmaeilnejad S, Esteghamati A, Estep K, Etemadi A, Etisso AE, Fanzo J, Farahmand M, Fareed M, Faridnia R, Farioli A, Faro A, Faruque M, Farzadfar F, Fattahi N, Fazlzadeh M, Feigin VL, Feldman R, Fereshtehnejad SM, Fernandes E, Ferrara G, Ferrari AJ, Ferreira ML, Filip I, Fischer F, Fisher JL, Flor LS, Foigt NA, Folayan MO, Fomenkov AA, Force LM, Foroutan M, Franklin RC, Freitas M, Fu W, Fukumoto T, Furtado JM, Gad MM, Gakidou E, Gallus S, Garcia-Basteiro AL, Gardner WM, Geberemariyam BS, Gebreslassie AAAA, Geremew A, Gershberg Hayoon A, Gething PW, Ghadimi M, Ghadiri K, Ghaffarifar F, Ghafourifard M, Ghamari F, Ghashghaee A, Ghiasvand H, Ghith N, Gholamian A, Ghosh R, Gill PS, Ginindza TGG, Giussani G, Gnedovskaya EV, Goharinezhad S, Gopalani SV, Gorini G, Goudarzi H, Goulart AC, Greaves F, Grivna M, Grosso G, Gubari MIM, Gugnani HC, Guimarães RA, Guled RA, Guo G, Guo Y, Gupta R, Gupta T, Haddock B, Hafezi-Nejad N, Hafiz A, Haj-Mirzaian A, Haj-Mirzaian A, Hall BJ, Halvaei I, Hamadeh RR, Hamidi S, Hammer MS, Hankey GJ, Haririan H, Haro JM, Hasaballah AI, Hasan MM, Hasanpoor E, Hashi A, Hassanipour S, Hassankhani H, Havmoeller RJ, Hay SI, Hayat K, Heidari G, Heidari-Soureshjani R, Henrikson HJ, Herbert ME, Herteliu C, Heydarpour F, Hird TR, Hoek HW, Holla R, Hoogar P, Hosgood HD, Hossain N, Hosseini M, Hosseinzadeh M, Hostiuc M, Hostiuc S, Househ M, Hsairi M, Hsieh VCR, Hu G, Hu K, Huda TM, Humayun A, Huynh CK, Hwang BF, Iannucci VC, Ibitoye SE, Ikeda N, Ikuta KS, Ilesanmi OS, Ilic IM, Ilic MD, Inbaraj LR, Ippolito H, Iqbal U, Irvani SSN, Irvine CMS, Islam MM, Islam SMS, Iso H, Ivers RQ, Iwu CCD, Iwu CJ, Iyamu IO, Jaafari J, Jacobsen KH, Jafari H, Jafarinia M, Jahani MA, Jakovljevic M, Jalilian F, James SL, Janjani H, Javaheri T, Javidnia J, Jeemon P, Jenabi E, Jha RP, Jha V, Ji JS, Johansson L, John O, John-Akinola YO, Johnson CO, Jonas JB, Joukar F, Jozwiak JJ, Jürisson M, Kabir A, Kabir Z, Kalani H, Kalani R, Kalankesh LR, Kalhor R, Kanchan T, Kapoor N, Karami Matin B, Karch A, Karim MA, Kassa GM, Katikireddi SV, Kayode GA, Kazemi Karyani A, Keiyoro PN, Keller C, Kemmer L, Kendrick PJ, Khalid N, Khammarnia M, Khan EA, Khan M, Khatab K, Khater MM, Khatib MN, Khayamzadeh M, Khazaei S, Kieling C, Kim YJ, Kimokoti RW, Kisa A, Kisa S, Kivimäki M, Knibbs LD, Knudsen AKS, Kocarnik JM, Kochhar S, Kopec JA, Korshunov VA, Koul PA, Koyanagi A, Kraemer MUG, Krishan K, Krohn KJ, Kromhout H, Kuate Defo B, Kumar GA, Kumar V, Kurmi OP, Kusuma D, La Vecchia C, Lacey B, Lal DK, Lalloo R, Lallukka T, Lami FH, Landires I, Lang JJ, Langan SM, Larsson AO, Lasrado S, Lauriola P, Lazarus JV, Lee PH, Lee SWH, LeGrand KE, Leigh J, Leonardi M, Lescinsky H, Leung J, Levi M, Li S, Lim LL, Linn S, Liu S, Liu S, Liu Y, Lo J, Lopez AD, Lopez JCF, Lopukhov PD, Lorkowski S, Lotufo PA, Lu A, Lugo A, Maddison ER, Mahasha PW, Mahdavi MM, Mahmoudi M, Majeed A, Maleki A, Maleki S, Malekzadeh R, Malta DC, Mamun AA, Manda AL, Manguerra H, Mansour-Ghanaei F, Mansouri B, Mansournia MA, Mantilla Herrera AM, Maravilla JC, Marks A, Martin RV, Martini S, Martins-Melo FR, Masaka A, Masoumi SZ, Mathur MR, Matsushita K, Maulik PK, McAlinden C, McGrath JJ, McKee M, Mehndiratta MM, Mehri F, Mehta KM, Memish ZA, Mendoza W, Menezes RG, Mengesha EW, Mereke A, Mereta ST, Meretoja A, Meretoja TJ, Mestrovic T, Miazgowski B, Miazgowski T, Michalek IM, Miller TR, Mills EJ, Mini GK, Miri M, Mirica A, Mirrakhimov EM, Mirzaei H, Mirzaei M, Mirzaei R, Mirzaei-Alavijeh M, Misganaw AT, Mithra P, Moazen B, Mohammad DK, Mohammad Y, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji N, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A, Mohammadifard N, Mohammadpourhodki R, Mohammed AS, Mohammed H, Mohammed JA, Mohammed S, Mokdad AH, Molokhia M, Monasta L, Mooney MD, Moradi G, Moradi M, Moradi-Lakeh M, Moradzadeh R, Moraga P, Morawska L, Morgado-da-Costa J, Morrison SD, Mosapour A, Mosser JF, Mouodi S, Mousavi SM, Mousavi Khaneghah A, Mueller UO, Mukhopadhyay S, Mullany EC, Musa KI, Muthupandian S, Nabhan AF, Naderi M, Nagarajan AJ, Nagel G, Naghavi M, Naghshtabrizi B, Naimzada MD, Najafi F, Nangia V, Nansseu JR, Naserbakht M, Nayak VC, Negoi I, Ngunjiri JW, Nguyen CT, Nguyen HLT, Nguyen M, Nigatu YT, Nikbakhsh R, Nixon MR, Nnaji CA, Nomura S, Norrving B, Noubiap JJ, Nowak C, Nunez-Samudio V, Oţoiu A, Oancea B, Odell CM, Ogbo FA, Oh IH, Okunga EW, Oladnabi M, Olagunju AT, Olusanya BO, Olusanya JO, Omer MO, Ong KL, Onwujekwe OE, Orpana HM, Ortiz A, Osarenotor O, Osei FB, Ostroff SM, Otstavnov N, Otstavnov SS, Øverland S, Owolabi MO, P A M, Padubidri JR, Palladino R, Panda-Jonas S, Pandey A, Parry CDH, Pasovic M, Pasupula DK, Patel SK, Pathak M, Patten SB, Patton GC, Pazoki Toroudi H, Peden AE, Pennini A, Pepito VCF, Peprah EK, Pereira DM, Pesudovs K, Pham HQ, Phillips MR, Piccinelli C, Pilz TM, Piradov MA, Pirsaheb M, Plass D, Polinder S, Polkinghorne KR, Pond CD, Postma MJ, Pourjafar H, Pourmalek F, Poznańska A, Prada SI, Prakash V, Pribadi DRA, Pupillo E, Quazi Syed Z, Rabiee M, Rabiee N, Radfar A, Rafiee A, Raggi A, Rahman MA, Rajabpour-Sanati A, Rajati F, Rakovac I, Ram P, Ramezanzadeh K, Ranabhat CL, Rao PC, Rao SJ, Rashedi V, Rathi P, Rawaf DL, Rawaf S, Rawal L, Rawassizadeh R, Rawat R, Razo C, Redford SB, Reiner RC, Reitsma MB, Remuzzi G, Renjith V, Renzaho AMN, Resnikoff S, Rezaei N, Rezaei N, Rezapour A, Rhinehart PA, Riahi SM, Ribeiro DC, Ribeiro D, Rickard J, Rivera JA, Roberts NLS, Rodríguez-Ramírez S, Roever L, Ronfani L, Room R, Roshandel G, Roth GA, Rothenbacher D, Rubagotti E, Rwegerera GM, Sabour S, Sachdev PS, Saddik B, Sadeghi E, Sadeghi M, Saeedi R, Saeedi Moghaddam S, Safari Y, Safi S, Safiri S, Sagar R, Sahebkar A, Sajadi SM, Salam N, Salamati P, Salem H, Salem MRR, Salimzadeh H, Salman OM, Salomon JA, Samad Z, Samadi Kafil H, Sambala EZ, Samy AM, Sanabria J, Sánchez-Pimienta TG, Santomauro DF, Santos IS, Santos JV, Santric-Milicevic MM, Saraswathy SYI, Sarmiento-Suárez R, Sarrafzadegan N, Sartorius B, Sarveazad A, Sathian B, Sathish T, Sattin D, Saxena S, Schaeffer LE, Schiavolin S, Schlaich MP, Schmidt MI, Schutte AE, Schwebel DC, Schwendicke F, Senbeta AM, Senthilkumaran S, Sepanlou SG, Serdar B, Serre ML, Shadid J, Shafaat O, Shahabi S, Shaheen AA, Shaikh MA, Shalash AS, Shams-Beyranvand M, Shamsizadeh M, Sharafi K, Sheikh A, Sheikhtaheri A, Shibuya K, Shield KD, Shigematsu M, Shin JI, Shin MJ, Shiri R, Shirkoohi R, Shuval K, Siabani S, Sierpinski R, Sigfusdottir ID, Sigurvinsdottir R, Silva JP, Simpson KE, Singh JA, Singh P, Skiadaresi E, Skou ST, Skryabin VY, Smith EUR, Soheili A, Soltani S, Soofi M, Sorensen RJD, Soriano JB, Sorrie MB, Soshnikov S, Soyiri IN, Spencer CN, Spotin A, Sreeramareddy CT, Srinivasan V, Stanaway JD, Stein C, Stein DJ, Steiner C, Stockfelt L, Stokes MA, Straif K, Stubbs JL, Sufiyan MB, Suleria HAR, Suliankatchi Abdulkader R, Sulo G, Sultan I, Szumowski Ł, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tabb KM, Tabuchi T, Taherkhani A, Tajdini M, Takahashi K, Takala JS, Tamiru AT, Taveira N, Tehrani-Banihashemi A, Temsah MH, Tesema GA, Tessema ZT, Thurston GD, Titova MV, Tohidinik HR, Tonelli M, Topor-Madry R, Topouzis F, Torre AE, Touvier M, Tovani-Palone MRR, Tran BX, Travillian R, Tsatsakis A, Tudor Car L, Tyrovolas S, Uddin R, Umeokonkwo CD, Unnikrishnan B, Upadhyay E, Vacante M, Valdez PR, van Donkelaar A, Vasankari TJ, Vasseghian Y, Veisani Y, Venketasubramanian N, Violante FS, Vlassov V, Vollset SE, Vos T, Vukovic R, Waheed Y, Wallin MT, Wang Y, Wang YP, Watson A, Wei J, Wei MYW, Weintraub RG, Weiss J, Werdecker A, West JJ, Westerman R, Whisnant JL, Whiteford HA, Wiens KE, Wolfe CDA, Wozniak SS, Wu AM, Wu J, Wulf Hanson S, Xu G, Xu R, Yadgir S, Yahyazadeh Jabbari SH, Yamagishi K, Yaminfirooz M, Yano Y, Yaya S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi V, Yeheyis TY, Yilgwan CS, Yilma MT, Yip P, Yonemoto N, Younis MZ, Younker TP, Yousefi B, Yousefi Z, Yousefinezhadi T, Yousuf AY, Yu C, Yusefzadeh H, Zahirian Moghadam T, Zamani M, Zamanian M, Zandian H, Zastrozhin MS, Zhang Y, Zhang ZJ, Zhao JT, Zhao XJG, Zhao Y, Zhou M, Ziapour A, Zimsen SRM, Brauer M, Afshin A, Lim SS. Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet 2020; 396:1223-1249. [PMID: 33069327 PMCID: PMC7566194 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30752-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3208] [Impact Index Per Article: 802.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rigorous analysis of levels and trends in exposure to leading risk factors and quantification of their effect on human health are important to identify where public health is making progress and in which cases current efforts are inadequate. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a standardised and comprehensive assessment of the magnitude of risk factor exposure, relative risk, and attributable burden of disease. METHODS GBD 2019 estimated attributable mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years of life lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 87 risk factors and combinations of risk factors, at the global level, regionally, and for 204 countries and territories. GBD uses a hierarchical list of risk factors so that specific risk factors (eg, sodium intake), and related aggregates (eg, diet quality), are both evaluated. This method has six analytical steps. (1) We included 560 risk-outcome pairs that met criteria for convincing or probable evidence on the basis of research studies. 12 risk-outcome pairs included in GBD 2017 no longer met inclusion criteria and 47 risk-outcome pairs for risks already included in GBD 2017 were added based on new evidence. (2) Relative risks were estimated as a function of exposure based on published systematic reviews, 81 systematic reviews done for GBD 2019, and meta-regression. (3) Levels of exposure in each age-sex-location-year included in the study were estimated based on all available data sources using spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression method, or alternative methods. (4) We determined, from published trials or cohort studies, the level of exposure associated with minimum risk, called the theoretical minimum risk exposure level. (5) Attributable deaths, YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs were computed by multiplying population attributable fractions (PAFs) by the relevant outcome quantity for each age-sex-location-year. (6) PAFs and attributable burden for combinations of risk factors were estimated taking into account mediation of different risk factors through other risk factors. Across all six analytical steps, 30 652 distinct data sources were used in the analysis. Uncertainty in each step of the analysis was propagated into the final estimates of attributable burden. Exposure levels for dichotomous, polytomous, and continuous risk factors were summarised with use of the summary exposure value to facilitate comparisons over time, across location, and across risks. Because the entire time series from 1990 to 2019 has been re-estimated with use of consistent data and methods, these results supersede previously published GBD estimates of attributable burden. FINDINGS The largest declines in risk exposure from 2010 to 2019 were among a set of risks that are strongly linked to social and economic development, including household air pollution; unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing; and child growth failure. Global declines also occurred for tobacco smoking and lead exposure. The largest increases in risk exposure were for ambient particulate matter pollution, drug use, high fasting plasma glucose, and high body-mass index. In 2019, the leading Level 2 risk factor globally for attributable deaths was high systolic blood pressure, which accounted for 10·8 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 9·51-12·1) deaths (19·2% [16·9-21·3] of all deaths in 2019), followed by tobacco (smoked, second-hand, and chewing), which accounted for 8·71 million (8·12-9·31) deaths (15·4% [14·6-16·2] of all deaths in 2019). The leading Level 2 risk factor for attributable DALYs globally in 2019 was child and maternal malnutrition, which largely affects health in the youngest age groups and accounted for 295 million (253-350) DALYs (11·6% [10·3-13·1] of all global DALYs that year). The risk factor burden varied considerably in 2019 between age groups and locations. Among children aged 0-9 years, the three leading detailed risk factors for attributable DALYs were all related to malnutrition. Iron deficiency was the leading risk factor for those aged 10-24 years, alcohol use for those aged 25-49 years, and high systolic blood pressure for those aged 50-74 years and 75 years and older. INTERPRETATION Overall, the record for reducing exposure to harmful risks over the past three decades is poor. Success with reducing smoking and lead exposure through regulatory policy might point the way for a stronger role for public policy on other risks in addition to continued efforts to provide information on risk factor harm to the general public. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Collapse
|
38
|
Wang H, Abbas KM, Abbasifard M, Abbasi-Kangevari M, Abbastabar H, Abd-Allah F, Abdelalim A, Abolhassani H, Abreu LG, Abrigo MRM, Abushouk AI, Adabi M, Adair T, Adebayo OM, Adedeji IA, Adekanmbi V, Adeoye AM, Adetokunboh OO, Advani SM, Afshin A, Aghaali M, Agrawal A, Ahmadi K, Ahmadieh H, Ahmed MB, Al-Aly Z, Alam K, Alam T, Alanezi FM, Alanzi TM, Alcalde-Rabanal JE, Ali M, Alicandro G, Alijanzadeh M, Alinia C, Alipour V, Alizade H, Aljunid SM, Allebeck P, Almadi MAH, Almasi-Hashiani A, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Altirkawi KA, Alumran AK, Alvis-Guzman N, Amini-Rarani M, Aminorroaya A, Amit AML, Ancuceanu R, Andrei CL, Androudi S, Angus C, Anjomshoa M, Ansari F, Ansari I, Ansari-Moghaddam A, Antonio CAT, Antony CM, Anvari D, Appiah SCY, Arabloo J, Arab-Zozani M, Aravkin AY, Aremu O, Ärnlöv J, Aryal KK, Asadi-Pooya AA, Asgari S, Asghari Jafarabadi M, Atteraya MS, Ausloos M, Avila-Burgos L, Avokpaho EFGA, Ayala Quintanilla BP, Ayano G, Ayanore MA, Azarian G, Babaee E, Badiye AD, Bagli E, Bahrami MA, Bakhtiari A, Balassyano S, Banach M, Banik PC, Barker-Collo SL, Bärnighausen TW, Barzegar A, Basu S, Baune BT, Bayati M, Bazmandegan G, Bedi N, Bell ML, Bennett DA, Bensenor IM, Berhe K, Berman AE, Bertolacci GJ, Bhageerathy R, Bhala N, Bhattacharyya K, Bhutta ZA, Bijani A, Biondi A, Bisanzio D, Bisignano C, Biswas RK, Bjørge T, Bohlouli S, Bohluli M, Bolla SRR, Borzì AM, Borzouei S, Brady OJ, Braithwaite D, Brauer M, Briko AN, Briko NI, Bumgarner BR, Burugina Nagaraja S, Butt ZA, Caetano dos Santos FL, Cai T, Callender CSKH, Cámera LLAA, Campos-Nonato IR, Cárdenas R, Carreras G, Carrero JJ, Carvalho F, Castaldelli-Maia JM, Castelpietra G, Castro F, Catalá-López F, Cederroth CR, Cerin E, Chattu VK, Chin KL, Chu DT, Ciobanu LG, Cirillo M, Comfort H, Costa VM, Cowden RG, Cromwell EA, Croneberger AJ, Cunningham M, Dahlawi SMA, Damiani G, D'Amico E, Dandona L, Dandona R, Dargan PI, Darwesh AM, Daryani A, Das Gupta R, das Neves J, Davletov K, De Leo D, Denova-Gutiérrez E, Deribe K, Dervenis N, Desai R, Dhungana GP, Dias da Silva D, Diaz D, Dippenaar IN, Djalalinia S, Do HT, Dokova K, Doku DT, Dorostkar F, Doshi CP, Doshmangir L, Doyle KE, Dubljanin E, Duraes AR, Edvardsson D, Effiong A, El Sayed I, El Tantawi M, Elbarazi I, El-Jaafary SI, Emamian MH, Eskandarieh S, Esmaeilzadeh F, Estep K, Farahmand M, Faraj A, Fareed M, Faridnia R, Faro A, Farzadfar F, Fattahi N, Fazaeli AA, Fazlzadeh M, Feigin VL, Fereshtehnejad SM, Fernandes E, Ferreira ML, Filip I, Fischer F, Flohr C, Foigt NA, Folayan MO, Fomenkov AA, Freitas M, Fukumoto T, Fuller JE, Furtado JM, Gad MM, Gakidou E, Gallus S, Gebrehiwot AM, Gebremedhin KB, Gething PW, Ghamari F, Ghashghaee A, Gholamian A, Gilani SA, Gitimoghaddam M, Glushkova EV, Gnedovskaya EV, Gopalani SV, Goulart AC, Gugnani HC, Guo Y, Gupta R, Gupta SS, Haagsma JA, Haj-Mirzaian A, Haj-Mirzaian A, Halvaei I, Hamadeh RR, Hamagharib Abdullah K, Han C, Handiso DW, Hankey GJ, Haririan H, Haro JM, Hasaballah AI, Hassanipour S, Hassankhani H, Hay SI, Heibati B, Heidari-Soureshjani R, Henny K, Henry NJ, Herteliu C, Heydarpour F, Hole MK, Hoogar P, Hosgood HD, Hossain N, Hosseinzadeh M, Hostiuc M, Hostiuc S, Househ M, Hoy DG, Hu G, Huda TM, Ibitoye SE, Ikuta KS, Ilesanmi OS, Ilic IM, Ilic MD, Imani-Nasab MH, Islam M, Iso H, Iwu CJ, Jaafari J, Jacobsen KH, Jahagirdar D, Jahanmehr N, Jalali A, Jalilian F, James SL, Janjani H, Jenabi E, Jha RP, Jha V, Ji JS, Jonas JB, Joukar F, Jozwiak JJ, Jürisson M, Kabir Z, Kalani H, Kalankesh LR, Kamiab Z, Kanchan T, Kapoor N, Karch A, Karimi SE, Karimi SA, Kassebaum NJ, Katikireddi SV, Kawakami N, Kayode GA, Keiyoro PN, Keller C, Khader YS, Khalid N, Khan EA, Khan M, Khang YH, Khater AM, Khater MM, Khazaei S, Khazaie H, Khodayari MT, Khubchandani J, Kianipour N, Kim CI, Kim YE, Kim YJ, Kinfu Y, Kisa A, Kisa S, Kissimova-Skarbek K, Kivimäki M, Komaki H, Kopec JA, Kosen S, Koul PA, Koyanagi A, Kravchenko MA, Krishan K, Krohn KJ, Kuate Defo B, Kumar GA, Kumar M, Kumar P, Kumar V, Kusuma D, Kyu HH, La Vecchia C, Lacey B, Lal DK, Lalloo R, Lami FH, Lansky S, Larson SL, Larsson AO, Lasrado S, Lassi ZS, Lazarus JV, Lee PH, Lee SWH, Leever AT, LeGrand KE, Leonardi M, Li S, Lim LL, Lim SS, Linn S, Lodha R, Logroscino G, Lopez AD, Lopukhov PD, Lotufo PA, Lozano R, Lu A, Lunevicius R, Madadin M, Maddison ER, Magdy Abd El Razek H, Magdy Abd El Razek M, Mahasha PW, Mahdavi MM, Malekzadeh R, Mamun AA, Manafi N, Mansour-Ghanaei F, Mansouri B, Mansournia MA, Mapoma CC, Martini S, Martins-Melo FR, Masaka A, Mastrogiacomo CI, Mathur MR, May EA, McAlinden C, McGrath JJ, McKee M, Mehndiratta MM, Mehri F, Mehta KM, Meitei WB, Memiah PTN, Mendoza W, Menezes RG, Mengesha EW, Mensah GA, Meretoja A, Meretoja TJ, Mestrovic T, Michalek IM, Mihretie KM, Miller TR, Mills EJ, Milne GJ, Mirrakhimov EM, Mirzaei H, Mirzaei M, Mirzaei-Alavijeh M, Misganaw AT, Moazen B, Moghadaszadeh M, Mohamadi E, Mohammad DK, Mohammad Y, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji N, Mohammadbeigi A, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A, Mohammadpourhodki R, Mohammed H, Mohammed S, Mohebi F, Mohseni Bandpei MA, Mokari A, Mokdad AH, Momen NC, Monasta L, Mooney MD, Moradi G, Moradi M, Moradi-Joo M, Moradi-Lakeh M, Moradzadeh R, Moraga P, Moreno Velásquez I, Morgado-da-Costa J, Morrison SD, Mosser JF, Mouodi S, Mousavi SM, Mousavi Khaneghah A, Mueller UO, Musa KI, Muthupandian S, Nabavizadeh B, Naderi M, Nagarajan AJ, Naghavi M, Naghshtabrizi B, Naik G, Najafi F, Nangia V, Nansseu JR, Ndwandwe DE, Negoi I, Negoi RI, Ngunjiri JW, Nguyen HLT, Nguyen TH, Nigatu YT, Nikbakhsh R, Nikpoor AR, Nixon MR, Nnaji CA, Nomura S, Noubiap JJ, Nouraei Motlagh S, Nowak C, Oţoiu A, Odell CM, Oh IH, Oladnabi M, Olagunju AT, Olusanya BO, Olusanya JO, Omar Bali A, Ong KL, Onwujekwe OE, Ortiz A, Otstavnov N, Otstavnov SS, Øverland S, Owolabi MO, P A M, Padubidri JR, Pakshir K, Palladino R, Pana A, Panda-Jonas S, Park J, Pasupula DK, Patel JR, Patel SK, Patton GC, Paulson KR, Pazoki Toroudi H, Pease SA, Peden AE, Pepito VCF, Peprah EK, Pereira A, Pereira DM, Perico N, Pigott DM, Pilgrim T, Pilz TM, Piradov MA, Pirsaheb M, Pokhrel KN, Postma MJ, Pourjafar H, Pourmalek F, Pourshams A, Poznańska A, Prada SI, Prakash S, Preotescu L, Quazi Syed Z, Rabiee M, Rabiee N, Radfar A, Rafiei A, Raggi A, Rahman MA, Rajabpour-Sanati A, Ram P, Ranabhat CL, Rao SJ, Rasella D, Rashedi V, Rastogi P, Rathi P, Rawal L, Remuzzi G, Renjith V, Renzaho AMN, Resnikoff S, Rezaei N, Rezai MS, Rezapour A, Rickard J, Roever L, Ronfani L, Roshandel G, Rostamian M, Rubagotti E, Rwegerera GM, Sabour S, Saddik B, Sadeghi E, Sadeghi M, Saeedi Moghaddam S, Safari Y, Safi S, Safiri S, Sagar R, Sahebkar A, Sahraian MA, Sajadi SM, Salahshoor MR, Salama JS, Salamati P, Salem MRR, Salimi Y, Salomon JA, Salz I, Samad Z, Samy AM, Sanabria J, Santric-Milicevic MM, Saraswathy SYI, Sartorius B, Sarveazad A, Sathian B, Sathish T, Sattin D, Saylan M, Schaeffer LE, Schiavolin S, Schwebel DC, Schwendicke F, Sekerija M, Senbeta AM, Senthilkumaran S, Sepanlou SG, Serván-Mori E, Shabani M, Shahabi S, Shahbaz M, Shaheen AA, Shaikh MA, Shalash AS, Shams-Beyranvand M, Shamsi M, Shamsizadeh M, Shannawaz M, Sharafi K, Sharafi Z, Sharara F, Sharma R, Shaw DH, Sheikh A, Shin JI, Shiri R, Shrime MG, Shuval K, Siabani S, Sigfusdottir ID, Sigurvinsdottir R, Silva DAS, Simonetti B, Simpson KE, Singh JA, Skiadaresi E, Skryabin VY, Soheili A, Sokhan A, Sorensen RJD, Soriano JB, Sorrie MB, Soyiri IN, Spurlock EE, Sreeramareddy CT, Stockfelt L, Stokes MA, Stubbs JL, Sudaryanto A, Sufiyan MB, Suliankatchi Abdulkader R, Sykes BL, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tabb KM, Tadakamadla SK, Taherkhani A, Tang M, Taveira N, Taylor HJ, Teagle WL, Tehrani-Banihashemi A, Teklehaimanot BF, Tessema ZT, Thankappan KR, Thomas N, Thrift AG, Titova MV, Tohidinik HR, Tonelli M, Topor-Madry R, Topouzis F, Tovani-Palone MRR, Traini E, Tran BX, Travillian R, Trias-Llimós S, Truelsen TC, Tudor Car L, Unnikrishnan B, Upadhyay E, Vacante M, Vakilian A, Valdez PR, Valli A, Vardavas C, Vasankari TJ, Vasconcelos AMN, Vasseghian Y, Veisani Y, Venketasubramanian N, Vidale S, Violante FS, Vlassov V, Vollset SE, Vos T, Vujcic IS, Vukovic A, Vukovic R, Waheed Y, Wallin MT, Walters MK, Wang H, Wang YP, Watson S, Wei J, Weiss J, Weldesamuel GT, Werdecker A, Westerman R, Whiteford HA, Wiangkham T, Wiens KE, Wijeratne T, Wiysonge CS, Wojtyniak B, Wolfe CDA, Wondmieneh AB, Wool EE, Wu AM, Wu J, Xu G, Yamada T, Yamagishi K, Yano Y, Yaya S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi V, Yearwood JA, Yeheyis TY, Yilgwan CS, Yip P, Yonemoto N, Yoon SJ, Yoosefi Lebni J, York HW, Younis MZ, Younker TP, Yousefi Z, Yousefinezhadi T, Yousuf AY, Yusefzadeh H, Zahirian Moghadam T, Zakzuk J, Zaman SB, Zamani M, Zamanian M, Zandian H, Zhang ZJ, Zheng P, Zhou M, Ziapour A, Murray CJL. Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950-2019: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet 2020; 396:1160-1203. [PMID: 33069325 PMCID: PMC7566045 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30977-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 701] [Impact Index Per Article: 175.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate and up-to-date assessment of demographic metrics is crucial for understanding a wide range of social, economic, and public health issues that affect populations worldwide. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 produced updated and comprehensive demographic assessments of the key indicators of fertility, mortality, migration, and population for 204 countries and territories and selected subnational locations from 1950 to 2019. METHODS 8078 country-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 938 surveys, 349 censuses, and 238 other sources were identified and used to estimate age-specific fertility. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate age-specific fertility rates for 5-year age groups between ages 15 and 49 years. With extensions to age groups 10-14 and 50-54 years, the total fertility rate (TFR) was then aggregated using the estimated age-specific fertility between ages 10 and 54 years. 7417 sources were used for under-5 mortality estimation and 7355 for adult mortality. ST-GPR was used to synthesise data sources after correction for known biases. Adult mortality was measured as the probability of death between ages 15 and 60 years based on vital registration, sample registration, and sibling histories, and was also estimated using ST-GPR. HIV-free life tables were then estimated using estimates of under-5 and adult mortality rates using a relational model life table system created for GBD, which closely tracks observed age-specific mortality rates from complete vital registration when available. Independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated by an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys and antenatal clinic serosurveillance and other sources were incorporated into the estimates in countries with large epidemics. Annual and single-year age estimates of net migration and population for each country and territory were generated using a Bayesian hierarchical cohort component model that analysed estimated age-specific fertility and mortality rates along with 1250 censuses and 747 population registry years. We classified location-years into seven categories on the basis of the natural rate of increase in population (calculated by subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate) and the net migration rate. We computed healthy life expectancy (HALE) using years lived with disability (YLDs) per capita, life tables, and standard demographic methods. Uncertainty was propagated throughout the demographic estimation process, including fertility, mortality, and population, with 1000 draw-level estimates produced for each metric. FINDINGS The global TFR decreased from 2·72 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 2·66-2·79) in 2000 to 2·31 (2·17-2·46) in 2019. Global annual livebirths increased from 134·5 million (131·5-137·8) in 2000 to a peak of 139·6 million (133·0-146·9) in 2016. Global livebirths then declined to 135·3 million (127·2-144·1) in 2019. Of the 204 countries and territories included in this study, in 2019, 102 had a TFR lower than 2·1, which is considered a good approximation of replacement-level fertility. All countries in sub-Saharan Africa had TFRs above replacement level in 2019 and accounted for 27·1% (95% UI 26·4-27·8) of global livebirths. Global life expectancy at birth increased from 67·2 years (95% UI 66·8-67·6) in 2000 to 73·5 years (72·8-74·3) in 2019. The total number of deaths increased from 50·7 million (49·5-51·9) in 2000 to 56·5 million (53·7-59·2) in 2019. Under-5 deaths declined from 9·6 million (9·1-10·3) in 2000 to 5·0 million (4·3-6·0) in 2019. Global population increased by 25·7%, from 6·2 billion (6·0-6·3) in 2000 to 7·7 billion (7·5-8·0) in 2019. In 2019, 34 countries had negative natural rates of increase; in 17 of these, the population declined because immigration was not sufficient to counteract the negative rate of decline. Globally, HALE increased from 58·6 years (56·1-60·8) in 2000 to 63·5 years (60·8-66·1) in 2019. HALE increased in 202 of 204 countries and territories between 2000 and 2019. INTERPRETATION Over the past 20 years, fertility rates have been dropping steadily and life expectancy has been increasing, with few exceptions. Much of this change follows historical patterns linking social and economic determinants, such as those captured by the GBD Socio-demographic Index, with demographic outcomes. More recently, several countries have experienced a combination of low fertility and stagnating improvement in mortality rates, pushing more populations into the late stages of the demographic transition. Tracking demographic change and the emergence of new patterns will be essential for global health monitoring. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Collapse
|
39
|
Taherkhani A, Farrokhi Yekta R, Mohseni M, Saidijam M, Arefi Oskouie A. Chronic kidney disease: a review of proteomic and metabolomic approaches to membranous glomerulonephritis, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and IgA nephropathy biomarkers. Proteome Sci 2019; 17:7. [PMID: 31889913 PMCID: PMC6925425 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-019-0155-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a global health problem annually affecting millions of people around the world. It is a comprehensive syndrome, and various factors may contribute to its occurrence. In this study, it was attempted to provide an accurate definition of chronic kidney disease; followed by focusing and discussing on molecular pathogenesis, novel diagnosis approaches based on biomarkers, recent effective antigens and new therapeutic procedures related to high-risk chronic kidney disease such as membranous glomerulonephritis, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and IgA nephropathy, which may lead to end-stage renal diseases. Additionally, a considerable number of metabolites and proteins that have previously been discovered and recommended as potential biomarkers of various CKDs using ‘-omics-’ technologies, proteomics, and metabolomics were reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Taherkhani
- 1Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Maede Mohseni
- 3Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Massoud Saidijam
- 1Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Arefi Oskouie
- 4Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Taherkhani A, Kalantari S, Oskouie AA, Nafar M, Taghizadeh M, Tabar K. Network analysis of membranous glomerulonephritis based on metabolomics data. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:4197-4212. [PMID: 30221719 PMCID: PMC6172390 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) is one of the most frequent causes of nephrotic syndrome in adults. It is characterized by the thickening of the glomerular basement membrane in the renal tissue. The current diagnosis of MGN is based on renal biopsy and the detection of antibodies to the few podocyte antigens. Due to the limitations of the current diagnostic methods, including invasiveness and the lack of sensitivity of the current biomarkers, there is a requirement to identify more applicable biomarkers. The present study aimed to identify diagnostic metabolites that are involved in the development of the disease using topological features in the component‑reaction‑enzyme‑gene (CREG) network for MGN. Significant differential metabolites in MGN compared with healthy controls were identified using proton nuclear magnetic resonance and gas chromatography‑mass spectrometry techniques, and multivariate analysis. The CREG network for MGN was constructed, and metabolites with a high centrality and a striking fold‑change in patients, compared with healthy controls, were introduced as putative diagnostic biomarkers. In addition, a protein‑protein interaction (PPI) network, which was based on proteins associated with MGN, was built and analyzed using PPI analysis methods, including molecular complex detection and ClueGene Ontology. A total of 26 metabolites were identified as hub nodes in the CREG network, 13 of which had salient centrality and fold‑changes: Dopamine, carnosine, fumarate, nicotinamide D‑ribonucleotide, adenosine monophosphate, pyridoxal, deoxyguanosine triphosphate, L‑citrulline, nicotinamide, phenylalanine, deoxyuridine, tryptamine and succinate. A total of 13 subnetworks were identified using PPI analysis. In total, two of the clusters contained seed proteins (phenylalanine‑4‑hydroxlylase and cystathionine γ‑lyase) that were associated with MGN based on the CREG network. The following biological processes associated with MGN were identified using gene ontology analysis: 'Pyrimidine‑containing compound biosynthetic process', 'purine ribonucleoside metabolic process', 'nucleoside catabolic process', 'ribonucleoside metabolic process' and 'aromatic amino acid family metabolic process'. The results of the present study may be helpful in the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures of MGN. However, validation is required in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Taherkhani
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1971653313, Iran
| | - Shiva Kalantari
- Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Shahid Labbafinejad Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1666663111, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Arefi Oskouie
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1971653313, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nafar
- Urology Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Labbafinejad Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1666663111, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghizadeh
- Bioinformatics Department, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Tehran University, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Koorosh Tabar
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, Tehran 1496813151, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Taherkhani A, Kalantari S, Nafar M. [Prediction of Molecular Signature, Potential Biomarkers, and Molecular Pathways Associated with Membranous Nephropathy Based on Protein Protein Interactions]. Rev Invest Clin 2018; 70:184-191. [PMID: 30067725 DOI: 10.24875/ric.18002551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Membranous nephropathy (MN) is one of the causes of nephrotic syndrome in adults that lead to end-stage renal disease with an unknown molecular signature. The current diagnosis is based on renal biopsy, which is an invasive method and has several complications and challenges. Thus, identification of the novel biomarker candidates, as well as impaired pathways, will be helpful for non-invasive molecular-based diagnosis. Objectives We aimed to study the molecular signature of MN and facilitate the systematic discovery of diagnostic candidate biomarkers, molecular pathway, and potential therapeutic targets using bioinformatics predictions. Methods The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of an integrated list of downloaded microarray data, differential proteins from a published proteomic study, and a list of retrieved scientific literature mining was constructed and analyzed in terms of functional modules, enriched biological pathways, hub genes, master regulator, and target genes. Results These network analyses revealed several functional modules and hub genes including Vitamin D3 receptor, retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha, interleukin 8, and SH3GL2. TEAD4 and FOXA1 were identified as the regulatory master molecules. LRP1 and ITGA3 were identified as the important target genes. Extracellular matrix organization, cell surface receptor signaling pathway, and defense and inflammatory response were found to be impaired in MN using functional analyses. A specific subnetwork for MN was suggested using PPI approach. Discussion Omics data integration and systems biology analysis on the level of interaction networks provide a powerful approach for identification of pathway-specific biomarkers for MN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Taherkhani
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Kalantari
- Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nafar
- Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Alizadeh AM, Roshandel G, Roudbarmohammadi S, Roudbary M, Sohanaki H, Ghiasian SA, Taherkhani A, Semnani S, Aghasi M. Fumonisin B1 Contamination of Cereals and Risk of Esophageal Cancer in a High Risk Area in Northeastern Iran. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:2625-8. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.6.2625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|