1
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Czaja A, Jiang AJ, Blanco MZ, Eremina OE, Zavaleta C. A Raman topography imaging method toward assisting surgical tumor resection. NPJ IMAGING 2024; 2:2. [PMID: 40051976 PMCID: PMC11884652 DOI: 10.1038/s44303-024-00006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2025]
Abstract
Achieving complete tumor resection upon initial surgical intervention can lead to better patient outcomes by making adjuvant treatments more efficacious and reducing the strain of repeat surgeries. Complete tumor resection can be difficult to confirm intraoperatively. Methods like touch preparation (TP) have been inconsistent for detecting residual malignant cell populations, and fatty specimens like breast cancer lumpectomies are too fatty to process for rapid histology. We propose a novel workflow of immunostaining and topographic surface imaging of freshly excised tissue to ensure complete resection using highly sensitive and spectrally separable surface-enhanced Raman scattering nanoparticles (SERS NPs) as the targeted contrast agent. Biomarker-targeting SERS NPs are ideal contrast agents for this application because their sensitivity enables rapid detection, and their narrow bands enable extensive intra-pixel multiplexing. The adaptive focus capabilities of an advanced Raman instrument, combined with our rotational accessory device for exposing each surface of the stained specimen to the objective lens, enable topographic mapping of complete excised specimen surfaces. A USB-controlled accessory for a Raman microscope was designed and fabricated to enable programmatic and precise angular manipulation of specimens in concert with instrument stage motions during whole-surface imaging. Specimens are affixed to the accessory on an anti-slip, sterilizable rod, and the tissue surface exposed to the instrument is adjusted on demand using a programmed rotating stepper motor. We demonstrate this topographic imaging strategy on a variety of phantoms and preclinical tissue specimens. The results show detail and texture in specimen surface topography, orientation of findings and navigability across surfaces, and extensive SERS NP multiplexing and linear quantitation capabilities under this new Raman topography imaging method. We demonstrate successful surface mapping and recognition of all 26 of our distinct SERS NP types along with effective deconvolution and localization of randomly assigned NP mixtures. Increasing NP concentrations were also quantitatively assessed and showed a linear correlation with Raman signal with an R2 coefficient of determination of 0.97. Detailed surface renderings color-encoded by unmixed SERS NP abundances show a path forward for content-rich, interactive surgical margin assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Czaja
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alice J. Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matt Zacchary Blanco
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Olga E. Eremina
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cristina Zavaleta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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2
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Hubbard TJE, Dudgeon AP, Ferguson DJ, Shore AC, Stone N. Utilization of Raman spectroscopy to identify breast cancer from the water content in surgical samples containing blue dye. TRANSLATIONAL BIOPHOTONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/tbio.202000023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. E. Hubbard
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science University of Exeter Medical School Exeter UK
- NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital Exeter UK
- Biomedical Physics Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Exeter Exeter UK
- Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital Exeter UK
| | - Alexander P. Dudgeon
- Biomedical Physics Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Exeter Exeter UK
| | - Douglas J. Ferguson
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science University of Exeter Medical School Exeter UK
- NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital Exeter UK
- Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital Exeter UK
| | - Angela C. Shore
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science University of Exeter Medical School Exeter UK
- NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital Exeter UK
| | - Nicholas Stone
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science University of Exeter Medical School Exeter UK
- NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital Exeter UK
- Biomedical Physics Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Exeter Exeter UK
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3
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Chen Y, Xie W, Glaser AK, Reder NP, Mao C, Dintzis SM, Vaughan JC, Liu JTC. Rapid pathology of lumpectomy margins with open-top light-sheet (OTLS) microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:1257-1272. [PMID: 30891344 PMCID: PMC6420271 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.001257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Open-top light-sheet microscopy is a technique that can potentially enable rapid ex vivo inspection of large tissue surfaces and volumes. Here, we have optimized an open-top light-sheet (OTLS) microscope and image-processing workflow for the comprehensive examination of surgical margin surfaces, and have also developed a novel fluorescent analog of H&E staining that is robust for staining fresh unfixed tissues. Our tissue-staining method can be achieved within 2.5 minutes followed by OTLS microscopy of lumpectomy surfaces at a rate of up to 1.5 cm2/minute. An image atlas is presented to show that OTLS image quality surpasses that of intraoperative frozen sectioning and can approximate that of gold-standard H&E histology of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues. Qualitative evidence indicates that these intraoperative methods do not interfere with downstream post-operative H&E histology and immunohistochemistry. These results should facilitate the translation of OTLS microscopy for intraoperative guidance of lumpectomy and other surgical oncology procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Weisi Xie
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Adam K. Glaser
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Nicholas P. Reder
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Chenyi Mao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Suzanne M. Dintzis
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Joshua C. Vaughan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jonathan T. C. Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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4
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Adank MW, Fleischer JC, Dankelman J, Hendriks BHW. Real-time oncological guidance using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in electrosurgery: the effect of coagulation on tissue discrimination. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2018; 23:1-10. [PMID: 30447060 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.11.115004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In breast surgery, a lack of knowledge about what is below the tissue surface may lead to positive tumor margins and iatrogenic damage. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) is a spectroscopic technique that can distinguish between healthy and tumor tissue making it a suitable technology for intraoperative guidance. However, because tumor surgeries are often performed with an electrosurgical knife, the effect of a coagulated tissue layer on DRS measurements must be taken into account. It is evaluated whether real-time DRS measurements obtained with a photonic electrosurgical knife could provide useful information of tissue properties also when tissue is coagulated and cut. The size of the coagulated area is determined and the effect of its presence on DR spectra is studied using ex vivo porcine adipose and muscle tissue. A coagulated tissue layer with a depth of 0.1 to 0.4 mm is observed after coagulating muscle with an electrosurgical knife. The results show that the effect of coagulating adipose tissue is negligible. Using the fat/water ratio's calculated from the measured spectra of the photonic electrosurgical knife, it was possible to determine the distance from the instrument tip to a tissue transition during cutting. In conclusion, the photonic electrosurgical knife can determine tissue properties of coagulated and cut tissue and has, therefore, the potential to provide real-time feedback about the presence of breast tumor margins during cutting, helping surgeons to establish negative margins and improve patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maartje W Adank
- Delft University of Technology, Biomechanical Engineering Department, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Julie C Fleischer
- Delft University of Technology, Biomechanical Engineering Department, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jenny Dankelman
- Delft University of Technology, Biomechanical Engineering Department, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Benno H W Hendriks
- Delft University of Technology, Biomechanical Engineering Department, Delft, The Netherlands
- Philips Research, In-Body Systems Department, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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5
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Nandy S, Hagemann IS, Powell MA, Siegel C, Zhu Q. Quantitative multispectral ex vivo optical evaluation of human ovarian tissue using spatial frequency domain imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:2451-2456. [PMID: 29761000 PMCID: PMC5946801 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.002451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
About 85-90% of all ovarian cancers are carcinomas; these manifest clinically as mass-forming epithelial proliferations involving the ovary. In this study, a visible light spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) system was used for multispectral ex vivo imaging and quantitative evaluation of freshly excised benign and malignant human ovarian tissues. A total of 14 ovaries from 11 patients undergoing oophorectomy were investigated. Using a logistic regression model with seven significant spectral and spatial features extracted from SFDI images, a sensitivity of 94.06% and specificity of 93.53% were achieved for prediction of histologically confirmed invasive carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreyankar Nandy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Ian S. Hagemann
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Matthew A. Powell
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Cary Siegel
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Quing Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Barth CW, Schaefer JM, Rossi VM, Davis SC, Gibbs SL. Optimizing fresh specimen staining for rapid identification of tumor biomarkers during surgery. Theranostics 2017; 7:4722-4734. [PMID: 29187899 PMCID: PMC5706095 DOI: 10.7150/thno.21527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Positive margin status due to incomplete removal of tumor tissue during breast conserving surgery (BCS) is a prevalent diagnosis usually requiring a second surgical procedure. These follow-up procedures increase the risk of morbidity and delay the use of adjuvant therapy; thus, significant efforts are underway to develop new intraoperative strategies for margin assessment to eliminate re-excision procedures. One strategy under development uses topical application of dual probe staining and a fluorescence imaging strategy termed dual probe difference specimen imaging (DDSI). DDSI uses a receptor-targeted fluorescent probe and an untargeted, spectrally-distinct fluorescent companion imaging agent topically applied to fresh resected specimens, where the fluorescence from each probe is imaged and a normalized difference image is computed to identify tumor-target distribution in the specimen margins. While previous reports suggested this approach is a promising new tool for surgical guidance, advancing the approach into the clinic requires methodical protocol optimization and further validation. METHODS In the present study, we used breast cancer xenografts and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to evaluate a wide range of staining and imaging parameters, and completed a prospective validation study on multiple tumor phenotypes with different target expression. Imaging fluorophore-probe pair, concentration, and incubation times were systematically optimized using n=6 tissue specimen replicates per staining condition. Resulting tumor vs. normal adipose tissue diagnostic performance were reported and staining patterns were validated via receptor specific immunohistochemistry colocalization. Optimal staining conditions were tested in receptor positive and receptor negative cohorts to confirm specificity. RESULTS The optimal staining conditions were found to be a one minute stain in a 200 nM probe solution (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.97), where the choice of fluorescent label combination did not significantly affect the diagnostic performance. Using an optimal threshold value determined from ROC curve analysis on a training data set, a prospective study on xenografts resulted in an AUC=0.95 for receptor positive tumors and an AUC = 0.50 for receptor negative (control) tumors, confirming the diagnostic performance of this novel imaging technique. CONCLUSIONS DDSI provides a robust, molecularly specific imaging methodology for identifying tumor tissue over benign mammary adipose tissue. Using a dual probe imaging strategy, nonspecific accumulation of targeted probe was corrected for and tumor vs. normal tissue diagnostic potential was improved, circumventing difficulties with ex vivo tissue specimen staining and allowing for rapid clinical translation of this promising technology for tumor margin detection during BCS procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vincent M. Rossi
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Scott C. Davis
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Summer L. Gibbs
- Biomedical Engineering Department
- Knight Cancer Institute
- OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201
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de Boer LL, Hendriks BHW, van Duijnhoven F, Peeters-Baas MJTFDV, Van de Vijver K, Loo CE, Jóźwiak K, Sterenborg HJCM, Ruers TJM. Using DRS during breast conserving surgery: identifying robust optical parameters and influence of inter-patient variation. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:5188-5200. [PMID: 28018735 PMCID: PMC5175562 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.005188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Successful breast conserving surgery consists of complete removal of the tumor while sparing healthy surrounding tissue. Despite currently available imaging and margin assessment tools, recognizing tumor tissue at a resection margin during surgery is challenging. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), which uses light for tissue characterization, can potentially guide surgeons to prevent tumor positive margins. However, inter-patient variation and changes in tissue physiology occurring during the resection might hamper this light-based technology. Here we investigate how inter-patient variation and tissue status (in vivo vs ex vivo) affect the performance of the DRS optical parameters. In vivo and ex vivo measurements of 45 breast cancer patients were obtained and quantified with an analytical model to acquire the optical parameters. The optical parameter representing the ratio between fat and water provided the best discrimination between normal and tumor tissue, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.94. There was no substantial influence of other patient factors such as menopausal status on optical measurements. Contrary to expectations, normalization of the optical parameters did not improve the discriminative power. Furthermore, measurements taken in vivo were not significantly different from the measurements taken ex vivo. These findings indicate that DRS is a robust technology for the detection of tumor tissue during breast conserving surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisanne L. de Boer
- Netherlands Cancer Institute – Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Benno H. W. Hendriks
- Philips Research, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Biomechanical Engineering Department, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Koen Van de Vijver
- Netherlands Cancer Institute – Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Claudette E. Loo
- Netherlands Cancer Institute – Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Katarzyna Jóźwiak
- Netherlands Cancer Institute – Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Henricus J. C. M. Sterenborg
- Netherlands Cancer Institute – Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Academic Medical Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Theo J. M. Ruers
- Netherlands Cancer Institute – Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam The Netherlands
- MIRA Institute, University Twente, The Netherlands
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8
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Mehnati P, Jafari Tirtash M, Zakerhamidi MS, Mehnati P. Assessing Absorption Coefficient of Hemoglobin in the Breast Phantom Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY 2016; 13:e31581. [PMID: 27895869 PMCID: PMC5116749 DOI: 10.5812/iranjradiol.31581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood concentrations and oxygen saturation levels are important biomarkers for breast cancer diagnosis. OBJECTIVES In this study, the absorption coefficient of hemoglobin (Hb) was used to distinguish between normal and abnormal breast tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS A near-infrared source (637 nm) was transmitted from major and minor vessels of a breast phantom containing 2×, 4× concentrations of oxy- and deoxy-Hb. The absorption coefficients were determined from spectrometer (SM) and powermeter (PM) data. RESULTS The absorption coefficients were 0.075 ± 0.026 cm-1 for oxygenated Hb (normal) in major vessels and 0.141 ± 0.023 cm-1 at 4× concentration (abnormal) with SM, whereas the breast absorption coefficients were 0.099 ± 0.017 cm-1 for oxygenated Hb (normal) in minor vessels and 0.171 ± 0.005 cm-1 at 4× concentrations with SM. A comparison of the data obtained using a SM and a PM was not significant statistically. CONCLUSION The study of the absorption coefficient data of different concentrations of Hb in normal and abnormal breasts via the diffusion of near-infrared light is a valuable method and has the potential to aid in early detection of breast abnormalities with SM and PM in major and minor vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinaz Mehnati
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maede Jafari Tirtash
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Corresponding author: Maede Jafari Tirtash, Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. Fax: +98-4133364660, E-mail:
| | | | - Parisa Mehnati
- Research Institute for Applied Physics and Astronomy, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran
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9
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Wang YW, Doerksen JD, Kang S, Walsh D, Yang Q, Hong D, Liu JTC. Multiplexed Molecular Imaging of Fresh Tissue Surfaces Enabled by Convection-Enhanced Topical Staining with SERS-Coded Nanoparticles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:5612-5621. [PMID: 27571395 PMCID: PMC5462459 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201601829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
There is a need for intraoperative imaging technologies to guide breast-conserving surgeries and to reduce the high rates of re-excision for patients in which residual tumor is found at the surgical margins during postoperative pathology analyses. Feasibility studies have shown that utilizing topically applied surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanoparticles (NPs), in conjunction with the ratiometric imaging of targeted versus untargeted NPs, enables the rapid visualization of multiple cell-surface biomarkers of cancer that are overexpressed at the surfaces of freshly excised breast tissues. In order to reliably and rapidly perform multiplexed Raman-encoded molecular imaging of large numbers of biomarkers (with five or more NP flavors), an enhanced staining method has been developed in which tissue surfaces are cyclically dipped into an NP-staining solution and subjected to high-frequency mechanical vibration. This dipping and mechanical vibration (DMV) method promotes the convection of the SERS NPs at fresh tissue surfaces, which accelerates their binding to their respective biomarker targets. By utilizing a custom-developed device for automated DMV staining, this study demonstrates the ability to simultaneously image four cell-surface biomarkers of cancer at the surfaces of fresh human breast tissues with a mixture of five flavors of SERS NPs (four targeted and one untargeted control) topically applied for 5 min and imaged at a spatial resolution of 0.5 mm and a raster-scanned imaging rate of >5 cm2 min-1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu W Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Josh D Doerksen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Soyoung Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Daniel Walsh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 615000, China
| | - Daniel Hong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jonathan T C Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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10
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Nandy S, Mostafa A, Kumavor PD, Sanders M, Brewer M, Zhu Q. Characterizing optical properties and spatial heterogeneity of human ovarian tissue using spatial frequency domain imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:101402. [PMID: 26822943 PMCID: PMC4728740 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.10.101402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) system was developed for characterizing ex vivo human ovarian tissue using wide-field absorption and scattering properties and their spatial heterogeneities. Based on the observed differences between absorption and scattering images of different ovarian tissue groups, six parameters were quantitatively extracted. These are the mean absorption and scattering, spatial heterogeneities of both absorption and scattering maps measured by a standard deviation, and a fitting error of a Gaussian model fitted to normalized mean Radon transform of the absorption and scattering maps. A logistic regression model was used for classification of malignant and normal ovarian tissues. A sensitivity of 95%, specificity of 100%, and area under the curve of 0.98 were obtained using six parameters extracted from the SFDI images. The preliminary results demonstrate the diagnostic potential of the SFDI method for quantitative characterization of wide-field optical properties and the spatial distribution heterogeneity of human ovarian tissue. SFDI could be an extremely robust and valuable tool for evaluation of the ovary and detection of neoplastic changes of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreyankar Nandy
- University of Connecticut, Biomedical Engineering Department, 371 Fairfield Way, U-4157, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-4157, United States
| | - Atahar Mostafa
- University of Connecticut, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 371 Fairfield Way, U-4157, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-4157, United States
| | - Patrick D Kumavor
- University of Connecticut, Biomedical Engineering Department, 371 Fairfield Way, U-4157, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-4157, United States
| | - Melinda Sanders
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Pathology Department, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States
| | - Molly Brewer
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States
| | - Quing Zhu
- University of Connecticut, Biomedical Engineering Department, 371 Fairfield Way, U-4157, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-4157, United States
- University of Connecticut, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 371 Fairfield Way, U-4157, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-4157, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Quing Zhu, E-mail:
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11
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Quantitative molecular phenotyping with topically applied SERS nanoparticles for intraoperative guidance of breast cancer lumpectomy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21242. [PMID: 26878888 PMCID: PMC4754709 DOI: 10.1038/srep21242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a need to image excised tissues during tumor-resection procedures in order to identify residual tumors at the margins and to guide their complete removal. The imaging of dysregulated cell-surface receptors is a potential means of identifying the presence of diseases with high sensitivity and specificity. However, due to heterogeneities in the expression of protein biomarkers in tumors, molecular-imaging technologies should ideally be capable of visualizing a multiplexed panel of cancer biomarkers. Here, we demonstrate that the topical application and quantification of a multiplexed cocktail of receptor-targeted surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanoparticles (NPs) enables rapid quantitative molecular phenotyping (QMP) of the surface of freshly excised tissues to determine the presence of disease. In order to mitigate the ambiguity due to nonspecific sources of contrast such as off-target binding or uneven delivery, a ratiometric method is employed to quantify the specific vs. nonspecific binding of the multiplexed NPs. Validation experiments with human tumor cell lines, fresh human tumor xenografts in mice, and fresh human breast specimens demonstrate that QMP imaging of excised tissues agrees with flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry, and that this technique may be achieved in less than 15 minutes for potential intraoperative use in guiding breast-conserving surgeries.
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12
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Fine JL. Advanced Imaging Techniques for the Pathologist. Clin Lab Med 2016; 36:89-99. [PMID: 26851667 DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Advanced imaging refers to direct microscopic imaging of tissue, without the need for traditional hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) microscopy, including microscope slides or whole-slide images. A detailed example is presented of optical coherence tomography (OCT), an imaging technique based on reflected light. Experience and example images are discussed in the larger context of the evolving relationship of surgical pathology to clinical patient care providers. Although these techniques are diagnostically promising, it is unlikely that they will directly supplant H&E histopathology. It is likely that OCT and related technologies will provide narrow, targeted diagnosis in a variety of in vivo (patient) and ex vivo (specimen) applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Fine
- Subdivision of Advanced Imaging and Image Analysis (Pathology Informatics) Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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13
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O'Kelly Priddy CM, Forte VA, Lang JE. The importance of surgical margins in breast cancer. J Surg Oncol 2015; 113:256-63. [PMID: 26394558 DOI: 10.1002/jso.24047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Achieving negative margins with "no tumor on ink" is an appropriate goal in breast conserving therapy (BCT). Wider margins do not decrease recurrence rates, and re-excision in patients with microscopic positive margins is warranted. Several strategies exist to increase rates of negative margins, including techniques to improve tumor localization, intraoperative assessment of margins and oncoplastic techniques. Negative margins should be the goal of BCT, as this will improve both local control and long-term survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen M O'Kelly Priddy
- Department of Surgery, Section of Breast Soft Tissue Surgery, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Victoria A Forte
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Julie E Lang
- Department of Surgery, Section of Breast Soft Tissue Surgery, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
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Rapid intraoperative visualization of breast lesions with γ-glutamyl hydroxymethyl rhodamine green. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12080. [PMID: 26165706 PMCID: PMC4499838 DOI: 10.1038/srep12080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously developed γ-glutamyl hydroxymethyl rhodamine green (gGlu-HMRG) as a tool to detect viable cancer cells, based on the fact that the enzyme γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) is overexpressed on membranes of various cancer cells, but is not expressed in normal tissue. Cleavage of the probe by GGT generates green fluorescence. Here, we examined the feasibility of clinical application of gGlu-HMRG during breast-conserving surgery. We found that fluorescence derived from cleavage of gGlu-HMRG allowed easy discrimination of breast tumors, even those smaller than 1 mm in size, from normal mammary gland tissues, with 92% sensitivity and 94% specificity, within only 5 min after application. We believe this rapid, low-cost method represents a breakthrough in intraoperative margin assessment during breast-conserving surgery.
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15
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Nichols BS, Schindler CE, Brown JQ, Wilke LG, Mulvey CS, Krieger MS, Gallagher J, Geradts J, Greenup RA, Von Windheim JA, Ramanujam N. A Quantitative Diffuse Reflectance Imaging (QDRI) System for Comprehensive Surveillance of the Morphological Landscape in Breast Tumor Margins. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127525. [PMID: 26076123 PMCID: PMC4468201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In an ongoing effort to address the clear clinical unmet needs surrounding breast conserving surgery (BCS), our group has developed a next-generation multiplexed optical-fiber-based tool to assess breast tumor margin status during initial surgeries. Specifically detailed in this work is the performance and clinical validation of a research-grade intra-operative tool for margin assessment based on diffuse optical spectroscopy. Previous work published by our group has illustrated the proof-of-concept generations of this device; here we incorporate a highly optimized quantitative diffuse reflectance imaging (QDRI) system utilizing a wide-field (imaging area = 17cm2) 49-channel multiplexed fiber optic probe, a custom raster-scanning imaging platform, a custom dual-channel white LED source, and an astronomy grade imaging CCD and spectrograph. The system signal to noise ratio (SNR) was found to be greater than 40dB for all channels. Optical property estimation error was found to be less than 10%, on average, over a wide range of absorption (μa = 0–8.9cm-1) and scattering (μs’ = 7.0–9.7cm-1) coefficients. Very low inter-channel and CCD crosstalk was observed (2% max) when used on turbid media (including breast tissue). A raster-scanning mechanism was developed to achieve sub-pixel resolution and was found to be optimally performed at an upsample factor of 8, affording 0.75mm spatially resolved diffuse reflectance images (λ = 450–600nm) of an entire margin (area = 17cm2) in 13.8 minutes (1.23cm2/min). Moreover, controlled pressure application at the probe-tissue interface afforded by the imaging platform reduces repeated scan variability, providing <1% variation across repeated scans of clinical specimens. We demonstrate the clinical utility of this device through a pilot 20-patient study of high-resolution optical parameter maps of the ratio of the β-carotene concentration to the reduced scattering coefficient. An empirical cumulative distribution function (eCDF) analysis is used to reduce optical property maps to quantitative distributions representing the morphological landscape of breast tumor margins. The optimizations presented in this work provide an avenue to rapidly survey large tissue areas on intra-operative time scales with improved sensitivity to regions of focal disease that may otherwise be overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon S. Nichols
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Christine E. Schindler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Jonathon Q. Brown
- Zenalux Biomedical, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Lee G. Wilke
- Department of Surgery, The University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Christine S. Mulvey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Marlee S. Krieger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
- Zenalux Biomedical, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Gallagher
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Joseph Geradts
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Rachel A. Greenup
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Jesko A. Von Windheim
- Zenalux Biomedical, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States of America
- The Division of Environmental Sciences and Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Nirmala Ramanujam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
- Zenalux Biomedical, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States of America
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16
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Abstract
Advanced imaging refers to direct microscopic imaging of tissue, without the need for traditional hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) microscopy, including microscope slides or whole-slide images. A detailed example is presented of optical coherence tomography (OCT), an imaging technique based on reflected light. Experience and example images are discussed in the larger context of the evolving relationship of surgical pathology to clinical patient care providers. Although these techniques are diagnostically promising, it is unlikely that they will directly supplant H&E histopathology. It is likely that OCT and related technologies will provide narrow, targeted diagnosis in a variety of in vivo (patient) and ex vivo (specimen) applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Fine
- Subdivision of Advanced Imaging and Image Analysis (Pathology Informatics) Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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17
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Li J, Zhuang Z, Jiang B, Zhao P, Lin C. Advances and perspectives in nanoprobes for noninvasive lymph node mapping. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:1019-36. [PMID: 25867863 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is now being well accepted as a practical approach to determine axillary lymph node status. For SLN biopsy, the mapping of SLN is an important procedure. However, blue dyes and radioactive colloids used for clinical SLN mapping are associated with a few issues such as adverse side effects and short retention time in SLN. In recent years, nanoscale probes for noninvasive SLN mapping have received attention due to their adaptable synthesis methods, adjustable optical properties and good biocompatibility. This review thoroughly summarizes the design of the nanoprobes and their properties in SLN mapping. The aim is to understand the status of nanomaterials for SLN mapping, challenging work and potential clinical translation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiejing Li
- Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nanoscience, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200040, PR China
| | - Zhigang Zhuang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200040, PR China
| | - Beiqi Jiang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai First Maternity & Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200040, PR China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nanoscience, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Chao Lin
- Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nanoscience, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
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18
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Laughney AM, Krishnaswamy V, Rizzo EJ, Schwab MC, Barth RJ, Cuccia DJ, Tromberg BJ, Paulsen KD, Pogue BW, Wells WA. Spectral discrimination of breast pathologies in situ using spatial frequency domain imaging. Breast Cancer Res 2014; 15:R61. [PMID: 23915805 PMCID: PMC3979079 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Nationally, 25% to 50% of patients undergoing lumpectomy for local management of breast cancer require a secondary excision because of the persistence of residual tumor. Intraoperative assessment of specimen margins by frozen-section analysis is not widely adopted in breast-conserving surgery. Here, a new approach to wide-field optical imaging of breast pathology in situ was tested to determine whether the system could accurately discriminate cancer from benign tissues before routine pathological processing. Methods Spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) was used to quantify near-infrared (NIR) optical parameters at the surface of 47 lumpectomy tissue specimens. Spatial frequency and wavelength-dependent reflectance spectra were parameterized with matched simulations of light transport. Spectral images were co-registered to histopathology in adjacent, stained sections of the tissue, cut in the geometry imaged in situ. A supervised classifier and feature-selection algorithm were implemented to automate discrimination of breast pathologies and to rank the contribution of each parameter to a diagnosis. Results Spectral parameters distinguished all pathology subtypes with 82% accuracy and benign (fibrocystic disease, fibroadenoma) from malignant (DCIS, invasive cancer, and partially treated invasive cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy) pathologies with 88% accuracy, high specificity (93%), and reasonable sensitivity (79%). Although spectral absorption and scattering features were essential components of the discriminant classifier, scattering exhibited lower variance and contributed most to tissue-type separation. The scattering slope was sensitive to stromal and epithelial distributions measured with quantitative immunohistochemistry. Conclusions SFDI is a new quantitative imaging technique that renders a specific tissue-type diagnosis. Its combination of planar sampling and frequency-dependent depth sensing is clinically pragmatic and appropriate for breast surgical-margin assessment. This study is the first to apply SFDI to pathology discrimination in surgical breast tissues. It represents an important step toward imaging surgical specimens immediately ex vivo to reduce the high rate of secondary excisions associated with breast lumpectomy procedures.
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Thill M, Baumann K, Barinoff J. Intraoperative assessment of margins in breast conservative surgery--still in use? J Surg Oncol 2014; 110:15-20. [PMID: 24863286 DOI: 10.1002/jso.23634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A positive margin in breast conserving surgery is associated with an increased risk of local recurrence. Failure to achieve clear margins results in re-excision procedures. Methods for intraoperative assessment of margins have been developed, such as frozen section analysis, touch preparation cytology, near-infrared fluorescence optical imaging, x-ray diffraction technology, high-frequency ultrasound, micro-CT, and radiofrequency spectroscopy. In this article, options that might become the method of choice in the future are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Thill
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Breast Center, AGAPLESION Markus Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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20
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Brown JQ, Bydlon TM, Kennedy SA, Caldwell ML, Gallagher JE, Junker M, Wilke LG, Barry WT, Geradts J, Ramanujam N. Optical spectral surveillance of breast tissue landscapes for detection of residual disease in breast tumor margins. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69906. [PMID: 23922850 PMCID: PMC3724737 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate a strategy to “sense” the micro-morphology of a breast tumor margin over a wide field of view by creating quantitative hyperspectral maps of the tissue optical properties (absorption and scattering), where each voxel can be deconstructed to provide information on the underlying histology. Information about the underlying tissue histology is encoded in the quantitative spectral information (in the visible wavelength range), and residual carcinoma is detected as a shift in the histological landscape to one with less fat and higher glandular content. To demonstrate this strategy, fully intact, fresh lumpectomy specimens (n = 88) from 70 patients were imaged intra-operatively. The ability of spectral imaging to sense changes in histology over large imaging areas was determined using inter-patient mammographic breast density (MBD) variation in cancer-free tissues as a model system. We discovered that increased MBD was associated with higher baseline β-carotene concentrations (p = 0.066) and higher scattering coefficients (p = 0.007) as measured by spectral imaging, and a trend toward decreased adipocyte size and increased adipocyte density as measured by histological examination in BMI-matched patients. The ability of spectral imaging to detect cancer intra-operatively was demonstrated when MBD-specific breast characteristics were considered. Specifically, the ratio of β-carotene concentration to the light scattering coefficient can report on the relative amount of fat to glandular density at the tissue surface to determine positive margin status, when baseline differences in these parameters between patients with low and high MBD are taken into account by the appropriate selection of threshold values. When MBD was included as a variable a priori, the device was estimated to have a sensitivity of 74% and a specificity of 86% in detecting close or positive margins, regardless of tumor type. Superior performance was demonstrated in high MBD tissue, a population that typically has a higher percentage of involved margins.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Quincy Brown
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America.
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21
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Busch DR, Choe R, Durduran T, Yodh AG. Towards non-invasive characterization of breast cancer and cancer metabolism with diffuse optics. PET Clin 2013; 8. [PMID: 24244206 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2013.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We review recent developments in diffuse optical imaging and monitoring of breast cancer, i.e. optical mammography. Optical mammography permits non-invasive, safe and frequent measurement of tissue hemodynamics oxygen metabolism and components (lipids, water, etc.), the development of new compound indices indicative of the risk and malignancy, and holds potential for frequent non-invasive longitudinal monitoring of therapy progression.
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22
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Laughney AM, Krishnaswamy V, Rice TB, Cuccia DJ, Barth RJ, Tromberg BJ, Paulsen KD, Pogue BW, Wells WA. System analysis of spatial frequency domain imaging for quantitative mapping of surgically resected breast tissues. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2013; 18:036012. [PMID: 23525360 PMCID: PMC3605471 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.18.3.036012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) for breast surgical margin assessment was evaluated in tissue-simulating phantoms and in fully intact lumpectomy specimens at the time of surgery. Phantom data was evaluated according to contrast-detail resolution, quantitative accuracy and model-data goodness of fit, where optical parameters were estimated by minimizing the residual sum of squares between the measured modulation amplitude and its solutions, modeled according to diffusion and scaled-Monte Carlo simulations. In contrast-detail phantoms, a 1.25-mm-diameter surface inclusion was detectable for scattering contrast >28%; a fraction of this scattering contrast (7%) was detectable for a 10 mm surface inclusion and at least 33% scattering contrast was detected up to 1.5 mm below the phantom surface, a probing depth relevant to breast surgical margin assessment. Recovered hemoglobin concentrations were insensitive to changes in scattering, except for overestimation at visible wavelengths for total hemoglobin concentrations <15 μM. The scattering amplitude increased linearly with scattering concentration, but the scattering slope depended on both the particle size and number density. Goodness of fit was comparable for the diffusion and scaled-Monte Carlo models of transport in spatially modulated, near-infrared reflectance acquired from 47 lumpectomy tissues, but recovered absorption parameters varied more linearly with expected hemoglobin concentration in liquid phantoms for the scaled-Monte Carlo forward model. SFDI could potentially reduce the high secondary excision rate associated with breast conserving surgery; its clinical translation further requires reduced image reconstruction time and smart inking strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M. Laughney
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
- Address all correspondence to: Ashley M. Laughney, Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755. E-mail: or Brian W. Pogue, Geisel School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756. E-mail:
| | | | - Tyler B. Rice
- University of California Irvine, Beckman Laser Institute, Irvine, California 92617
| | | | - Richard J. Barth
- Geisel School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756
| | - Bruce J. Tromberg
- University of California Irvine, Beckman Laser Institute, Irvine, California 92617
| | - Keith D. Paulsen
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
- Geisel School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756
| | - Brian W. Pogue
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
- Geisel School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756
- Address all correspondence to: Ashley M. Laughney, Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755. E-mail: or Brian W. Pogue, Geisel School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756. E-mail:
| | - Wendy A. Wells
- Geisel School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756
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23
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Dhar S, Lo JY, Palmer GM, Brooke MA, Nichols BS, Yu B, Ramanujam N, Jokerst NM. A diffuse reflectance spectral imaging system for tumor margin assessment using custom annular photodiode arrays. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 3:3211-22. [PMID: 23243571 PMCID: PMC3521310 DOI: 10.1364/boe.3.003211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) is a well-established method to quantitatively distinguish between benign and cancerous tissue for tumor margin assessment. Current multipixel DRS margin assessment tools are bulky fiber-based probes that have limited scalability. Reported herein is a new approach to multipixel DRS probe design, which utilizes direct detection of the DRS signal by using optimized custom photodetectors in direct contact with the tissue. This first fiberless DRS imaging system for tumor margin assessment consists of a 4 × 4 array of annular silicon photodetectors and a constrained free-space light delivery tube optimized to deliver light across a 256 mm(2) imaging area. This system has 4.5 mm spatial resolution. The signal-to-noise ratio measured for normal and malignant breast tissue-mimicking phantoms was 35 dB to 45 dB for λ = 470 nm to 600 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulochana Dhar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Research Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Justin Y. Lo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Research Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Gregory M. Palmer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University, Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Martin A. Brooke
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Research Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Brandon S. Nichols
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Research Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Bing Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Research Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Currently at Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325,USA
| | - Nirmala Ramanujam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Research Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Nan M. Jokerst
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Research Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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