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Le Noir de Carlan C, Kaarlejärvi E, De Tender C, Heinecke T, Eskelinen A, Verbruggen E. Shifts in mycorrhizal types of fungi and plants in response to fertilisation, warming and herbivory in a tundra grassland. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:1190-1204. [PMID: 38742310 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Climate warming is severely affecting high-latitude regions. In the Arctic tundra, it may lead to enhanced soil nutrient availability and interact with simultaneous changes in grazing pressure. It is presently unknown how these concurrently occurring global change drivers affect the root-associated fungal communities, particularly mycorrhizal fungi, and whether changes coincide with shifts in plant mycorrhizal types. We investigated changes in root-associated fungal communities and mycorrhizal types of the plant community in a 10-yr factorial experiment with warming, fertilisation and grazing exclusion in a Finnish tundra grassland. The strongest determinant of the root-associated fungal community was fertilisation, which consistently increased potential plant pathogen abundance and had contrasting effects on the different mycorrhizal fungal types, contingent on other treatments. Plant mycorrhizal types went through pronounced shifts, with warming favouring ecto- and ericoid mycorrhiza but not under fertilisation and grazing exclusion. Combination of all treatments resulted in dominance by arbuscular mycorrhizal plants. However, shifts in plant mycorrhizal types vs fungi were mostly but not always aligned in their magnitude and direction. Our results show that our ability to predict shifts in symbiotic and antagonistic fungal communities depend on simultaneous consideration of multiple global change factors that jointly alter plant and fungal communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coline Le Noir de Carlan
- Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Elina Kaarlejärvi
- Research Centre for Ecological Change, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65 (Viikinkaari 1), Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Caroline De Tender
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Burg. Van Gansberghelaan 96-109, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thilo Heinecke
- Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Anu Eskelinen
- Ecology & Genetics, University of Oulu, PO Box 8000, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Physiological Diversity, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Puschstraße 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Erik Verbruggen
- Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
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Dutta A, Bhattacharyya R, Jiménez-Ballesta R, Dey A, Saha ND, Kumar S, Nath CP, Prakash V, Jatav SS, Patra A. Conventional and Zero Tillage with Residue Management in Rice-Wheat System in the Indo-Gangetic Plains: Impact on Thermal Sensitivity of Soil Organic Carbon Respiration and Enzyme Activity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:810. [PMID: 36613133 PMCID: PMC9819925 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The impact of global warming on soil carbon (C) mineralization from bulk and aggregated soil in conservation agriculture (CA) is noteworthy to predict the future of C cycle. Therefore, sensitivity of soil C mineralization to temperature was studied from 18 years of a CA experiment under rice-wheat cropping system in the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP). The experiment comprised of three tillage systems: zero tillage (ZT), conventional tillage (CT), and strip tillage (ST), each with three levels of residue management: residue removal (NR), residue burning (RB), and residue retention (R). Cumulative carbon mineralization (Ct) in the 0-5 cm soil depth was significantly higher in CT with added residues (CT-R) and ZT with added residues (ZT-R) compared with the CT without residues (CT-NR). It resulted in higher CO2 evolution in CT-R and ZT-R. The plots, having crop residue in both CT and ZT system, had higher (p < 0.05) Van't-Hoff factor (Q10) and activation energy (Ea) than the residue burning. Notably, micro-aggregates had significantly higher Ea than bulk soil (~14%) and macro-aggregates (~40%). Aggregate-associated C content was higher in ZT compared with CT (p < 0.05). Conventional tillage with residue burning had a reduced glomalin content and β-D-glucosidase activity than that of ZT-R. The ZT-R improved the aggregate-associated C that could sustain the soil biological diversity in the long-run possibly due to higher physical, chemical, and matrix-mediated protection of SOC. Thus, it is advisable to maintain the crop residues on the soil surface in ZT condition (~CA) to cut back on valuable C from soils under IGP and similar agro-ecologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asik Dutta
- Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
- ICAR—Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur 208 024, India
| | - Ranjan Bhattacharyya
- Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
- Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | | | - Abir Dey
- Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | - Namita Das Saha
- Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | - Sarvendra Kumar
- Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | | | - Ved Prakash
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Farming Systems Research, Modipuram 250 110, India
| | - Surendra Singh Jatav
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Abhik Patra
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
- Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Narkatiaganj, West Champaran 845 455, India
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Analysis on the temporal and spatial characteristics of the shallow soil temperature of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19746. [PMID: 36396695 PMCID: PMC9672035 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23548-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Shallow soil refers to the soil layer within the 50 cm depth. Shallow soil temperature (ST) directly or indirectly affects many processes in the soil, such as seed germination, plant growth, and water evaporation. Therefore, the study of shallow ST is of great significance in understanding the surface energy, water cycle, ecology and climate change. This work collected observational data from 141 meteorological stations on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 1981 to 2020 and ERA5 reanalysis data, used the "Moving Surface Spline Interpolation Algorithm Based on Green's Function" and "Fuzzy C-means algorithm", and analyzed the temporal and spatial change characteristics of ST at different levels. The results showed that 1) the temperature increase of 0-20 cm (the surface layer of the shallow soil) was roughly the same. The average annual ST was 9.15-9.57°, and the interdecadal variabilities were 0.49-0.53 K/10a. The average annual ST of 40 cm (the bottom layer) was 8.69°, and the interdecadal variability reached 0.98 K/10a. 2) Considering the 7 regions, the warming trend was obvious, and there were certain regional differences. The average annual ST in different regions ranged from 5.2 (northeastern Plateau) to 17.1 °C (western Sichuan Plateau), with a difference of nearly 12 K. The standard deviation ranged from 0.40 (western Sichuan Plateau) to 0.61 K (Qiangtang Plateau), with a difference of 0.21 K. 3) The errors of the obtained grid data were basically less than 3%, which were much smaller than the errors obtained from the ERA5 reanalysis data. This work is significant for understanding the characteristics of ST evolution and land‒atmosphere interactions on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and provides important data support for improving the underlying surface boundary conditions of models.
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Komarova A, Ivashchenko K, Sushko S, Zhuravleva A, Vasenev V, Blagodatsky S. Temperature Sensitivity of Topsoil Organic Matter Decomposition Does Not Depend on Vegetation Types in Mountains. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11202765. [PMID: 36297788 PMCID: PMC9611105 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Rising air temperatures caused by global warming affects microbial decomposition rate of soil organic matter (SOM). The temperature sensitivity of SOM decomposition (Q10) may depend on SOM quality determined by vegetation type. In this study, we selected a long transect (3.6 km) across the five ecosystems and short transects (0.1 km) from grazed and ungrazed meadows to forests in the Northwest Caucasus to consider different patterns in Q10 changes at shift of the vegetation belts. It is hypothesized that Q10 will increase along altitudinal gradient in line with recalcitrance of SOM according to kinetics-based theory. The indicators of SOM quality (BR:C, respiration per unit of soil C; MBC:C, ratio of microbial biomass carbon to soil carbon; soil C:N ratio) were used for checking the hypothesis. It was shown that Q10 did not differ across vegetation types within long and short transects, regardless differences in projective cover (14-99%) and vegetation species richness (6-12 units per plot). However, Q10 value differed between the long and short transects by almost two times (on average 2.4 vs. 1.4). Such a difference was explained by environmental characteristics linked with terrain position (slope steepness, microclimate, and land forms). The Q10 changes across studied slopes were driven by BR:C for meadows (R2 = 0.64; negative relationship) and pH value for forests (R2 = 0.80; positive relationship). Thus, proxy of SOM quality explained Q10 variability only across mountain meadows, whereas for forests, soil acidity was the main driver of microbial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Komarova
- Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
- Agro-Technology Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Kristina Ivashchenko
- Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
- Agro-Technology Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sofia Sushko
- Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
- Agro-Technology Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Agrophysical Research Institute, 195220 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna Zhuravleva
- Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav Vasenev
- Soil Geography and Landscape Group, Wageningen University, 6707 Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sergey Blagodatsky
- Terrestrial Ecology Group, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
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Qiu Q, Mgelwa AS, Jin S, Hu Y. Nitrogen-Induced Changes in Soil Environmental Factors Are More Important Than Nitrification and Denitrification Gene Abundance in Regulating N 2O Emissions in Subtropical Forest Soils. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:950367. [PMID: 35903223 PMCID: PMC9315429 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.950367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Subtropical regions are currently experiencing a dramatic increase in nitrogen (N) deposition; however, the contributions of nitrification and denitrification processes to soil N2O emissions and the underlying mechanisms under increasing N deposition remain unclear. Therefore, a 15N-tracing laboratory experiment with four N application rates (0, 12.5, 25, and 50 μg 15N g-1 soil) was conducted to investigate the response of nitrification- and denitrification-derived N2O to N additions in an evergreen broad-leaved forest (BF) and a Pinus forest (PF) in the Wuyi Mountains in southeastern China. Moreover, the abundance of functional genes related to nitrification (amoA), denitrification (nirK, nirS, and nosZ), and soil properties were measured to clarify the underlying mechanisms. Results showed that nitrification-derived N2O emissions were generally decreased with increasing N input. However, denitrification-derived N2O emissions were a non-linear response to N additions, with maximum N2O emissions at the middle N application rate. Denitrification-derived N2O was the dominant pathway of N2O production, accounting for 64 to 100% of the total N2O fluxes. Soil NH4 +-N content and pH were the predominant factors in regulating nitrification-derived N2O emissions in BF and PF, respectively. Soil pH and the nirS abundance contributed the most to the variations of denitrification-derived N2O emissions in BF and PF, respectively. Our results suggest that N application has the potential to increase the contribution of denitrification to N2O production in subtropical forest soils. Changes in soil chemical properties induced by N addition are more important than the abundance of nitrification and denitrification functional genes in regulating soil nitrification- and denitrification-derived N2O emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyan Qiu
- Forest Ecology and Stable Isotope Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Abubakari Said Mgelwa
- College of Natural Resources Management and Tourism, Mwalimu Julius K. Nyerere University of Agriculture and Technology, Musoma, Tanzania
| | - Shaofei Jin
- Department of Geography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yalin Hu
- Forest Ecology and Stable Isotope Center, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Kong J, He Z, Chen L, Zhang S, Yang R, Du J. Elevational variability in and controls on the temperature sensitivity of soil organic matter decomposition in alpine forests. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Junqia Kong
- Linze Inland River Basin Research Station, Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Key Laboratory of Eco‐hydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco‐Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Zhibin He
- Linze Inland River Basin Research Station, Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Key Laboratory of Eco‐hydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco‐Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China
| | - Longfei Chen
- Linze Inland River Basin Research Station, Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Key Laboratory of Eco‐hydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco‐Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China
| | - Shouke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture Zhejiang A & F University Hangzhou China
| | - Rong Yang
- Linze Inland River Basin Research Station, Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Key Laboratory of Eco‐hydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco‐Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China
| | - Jun Du
- Linze Inland River Basin Research Station, Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Key Laboratory of Eco‐hydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco‐Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China
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Dezzeo N, Grandez-Rios J, Martius C, Hergoualc'h K. Degradation-driven changes in fine root carbon stocks, productivity, mortality, and decomposition rates in a palm swamp peat forest of the Peruvian Amazon. CARBON BALANCE AND MANAGEMENT 2021; 16:33. [PMID: 34714416 PMCID: PMC8555211 DOI: 10.1186/s13021-021-00197-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amazon palm swamp peatlands are major carbon (C) sinks and reservoirs. In Peru, this ecosystem is widely threatened owing to the recurrent practice of cutting Mauritia flexuosa palms for fruit harvesting. Such degradation could significantly damage peat deposits by altering C fluxes through fine root productivity, mortality, and decomposition rates which contribute to and regulate peat accumulation. Along a same peat formation, we studied an undegraded site (Intact), a moderately degraded site (mDeg) and a heavily degraded site (hDeg) over 11 months. Fine root C stocks and fluxes were monthly sampled by sequential coring. Concomitantly, fine root decomposition was investigated using litter bags. In the experimental design, fine root stocks and dynamics were assessed separately according to vegetation type (M. flexuosa palm and other tree species) and M. flexuosa age class. Furthermore, results obtained from individual palms and trees were site-scaled by using forest composition and structure. RESULTS At the scale of individuals, fine root C biomass in M. flexuosa adults was higher at the mDeg site than at the Intact and hDeg sites, while in trees it was lowest at the hDeg site. Site-scale fine root biomass (Mg C ha-1) was higher at the mDeg site (0.58 ± 0.05) than at the Intact (0.48 ± 0.05) and hDeg sites (0.32 ± 0.03). Site-scale annual fine root mortality rate was not significantly different between sites (3.4 ± 1.3, 2.0 ± 0.8, 1.5 ± 0.7 Mg C ha-1 yr-1 at the Intact, mDeg, and hDeg sites) while productivity (same unit) was lower at the hDeg site (1.5 ± 0.8) than at the Intact site (3.7 ± 1.2), the mDeg site being intermediate (2.3 ± 0.9). Decomposition was slow with 63.5-74.4% of mass remaining after 300 days and it was similar among sites and vegetation types. CONCLUSIONS The significant lower fine root C stock and annual productivity rate at the hDeg site than at the Intact site suggests a potential for strong degradation to disrupt peat accretion. These results stress the need for a sustainable management of these forests to maintain their C sink function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelda Dezzeo
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), c/o Centro Internacional de la Papa (CIP), Av. La Molina 1895, La Molina, Apdo Postal 1558, 15024, Lima, Peru
- Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Julio Grandez-Rios
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), c/o Centro Internacional de la Papa (CIP), Av. La Molina 1895, La Molina, Apdo Postal 1558, 15024, Lima, Peru
- Universidad Nacional de la Amazonia Peruana (UNAP), Loreto, Peru
| | | | - Kristell Hergoualc'h
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), c/o Centro Internacional de la Papa (CIP), Av. La Molina 1895, La Molina, Apdo Postal 1558, 15024, Lima, Peru.
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Badraghi A, Ventura M, Polo A, Borruso L, Giammarchi F, Montagnani L. Soil respiration variation along an altitudinal gradient in the Italian Alps: Disentangling forest structure and temperature effects. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247893. [PMID: 34403412 PMCID: PMC8370607 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
On the mountains, along an elevation gradient, we generally observe an ample variation in temperature, with the associated difference in vegetation structure and composition and soil properties. With the aim of quantifying the relative importance of temperature, vegetation and edaphic properties on soil respiration (SR), we investigated changes in SR along an elevation gradient (404 to 2101 m a.s.l) in the southern slopes of the Alps in Northern Italy. We also analysed soil physicochemical properties, including soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N) stocks, fine root C and N, litter C and N, soil bulk densities and soil pH at five forest sites, and also stand structural properties, including vegetation height, age and basal area. Our results indicated that SR rates increased with temperature in all sites, and 55–76% of SR variability was explained by temperature. Annual cumulative SR, ranging between 0.65–1.40 kg C m-2 yr-1, decreased along the elevation gradient, while temperature sensitivity (Q10) of SR increased with elevation. However, a high SR rate (1.27 kg C m-2 yr-1) and low Q10 were recorded in the mature conifer forest stand at 1731 m a.s.l., characterized by an uneven-aged structure and high dominant tree height, resulting in a nonlinear relationship between elevation and temperature. Reference SR at 10°C (SRref) was unrelated to elevation, but was related to tree height. A significant negative linear relationship was found between bulk density and elevation. Conversely, SOC, root C and N stock, pH, and litter mass were best fitted by nonlinear relationships with elevation. However, these parameters were not significantly correlated with SR when the effect of temperature was removed (SRref). These results demonstrate that the main factor affecting SR in forest ecosystems along this Alpine elevation gradient is temperature, but its regulating role can be strongly influenced by site biological characteristics, particularly vegetation type and structure, affecting litter quality and microclimate. This study also confirms that high elevation sites are rich in SOC and more sensitive to climate change, being prone to high C losses as CO2. Furthermore, our data indicate a positive relationship between Q10 and dominant tree height, suggesting that mature forest ecosystems characterized by an uneven-age structure, high SRref and moderate Q10, may be more resilient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysan Badraghi
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ventura
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Andrea Polo
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Luigimaria Borruso
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Francesco Giammarchi
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Leonardo Montagnani
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
- Forest Services, Autonomous Province of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Xu M, Li X, Kuyper TW, Xu M, Li X, Zhang J. High microbial diversity stabilizes the responses of soil organic carbon decomposition to warming in the subsoil on the Tibetan Plateau. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:2061-2075. [PMID: 33560552 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soil microbes are directly involved in soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition, yet the importance of microbial biodiversity in regulating the temperature sensitivity of SOC decomposition remains elusive, particularly in alpine regions where climate change is predicted to strongly affect SOC dynamics and ecosystem stability. Here we collected topsoil and subsoil samples along an elevational gradient on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau to explore the temperature sensitivity (Q10 ) of SOC decomposition in relation to changes in microbial communities. Specifically, we tested whether the decomposition of SOC would be more sensitive to warming when microbial diversity is low. The estimated Q10 value ranged from 1.28 to 1.68, and 1.80 to 2.10 in the topsoil and subsoil, respectively. The highest Q10 value was observed at the lowest altitude of forests in the topsoil, and at the highest altitude of alpine meadow in the subsoil. Variations in Q10 were closely related to changes in microbial properties. In the topsoil the ratio of gram-positive to gram-negative bacteria (G+:G-) was the predominant factor associated with the altitudinal variations in Q10 . In the subsoil, SOC decomposition showed more resilience to warming when the diversity of soil bacteria (both whole community and major groups) and fungi was higher. Our results partly support the positive biodiversity-ecosystem stability hypothesis. Structural equation modeling further indicates that variations in Q10 in the subsoil were directly related to changes in microbial diversity and community composition, which were affected by soil pH. Collectively our results provide compelling evidence that microbial biodiversity plays an important role in stabilizing SOC decomposition in the subsoil of alpine montane ecosystems. Conservation of belowground biodiversity is therefore of great importance in maintaining the stability of ecosystem processes under climate change in high-elevation regions of the Tibetan Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoliang Li
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Danzhou, Hainan, China
| | - Thomas W Kuyper
- Soil Biology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ming Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Junling Zhang
- Centre for Resources, Environment and Food Security, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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Qin W, Wang CY, Ma YX, Shen MJ, Li J, Jiao K, Tay FR, Niu LN. Microbe-Mediated Extracellular and Intracellular Mineralization: Environmental, Industrial, and Biotechnological Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1907833. [PMID: 32270552 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201907833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microbe-mediated mineralization is ubiquitous in nature, involving bacteria, fungi, viruses, and algae. These mineralization processes comprise calcification, silicification, and iron mineralization. The mechanisms for mineral formation include extracellular and intracellular biomineralization. The mineral precipitating capability of microbes is often harnessed for green synthesis of metal nanoparticles, which are relatively less toxic compared with those synthesized through physical or chemical methods. Microbe-mediated mineralization has important applications ranging from pollutant removal and nonreactive carriers, to other industrial and biomedical applications. Herein, the different types of microbe-mediated biomineralization that occur in nature, their mechanisms, as well as their applications are elucidated to create a backdrop for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chen-Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Min-Juan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kai Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Franklin R Tay
- College of Graduate Studies, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Li-Na Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
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11
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Guo Z, Han J, Li J. Response of organic carbon mineralization and bacterial communities to soft rock additions in sandy soils. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8948. [PMID: 32322443 PMCID: PMC7161572 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria play a vital role in biotransformation of soil organic carbon (SOC). However, mechanisms of bacterium and organic carbon mineralization remain unclear during improvement of sandy soil using soft rock additions. In this study, four treatments with differing ratios of soft rock to sand of 0:1 (CK), 1:5 (C1), 1:2 (C2) and 1:1 (C3) were selected for mineralization incubation and high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that SOC, total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (AP), nitrate nitrogen (NO\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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}{}${}_{3}^{-}$\end{document}3−-N), and mass water content (WC) of sandy soil increased significantly after addition of soft rock (P < 0.05). Compared with the CK treatment, cumulative mineralization and potential mineralized organic carbon content of C1, C2 and C3 increased by 71.79%–183.86% and 71.08%–173.33%. The cumulative mineralization rates of organic carbon treated with C1 and C2 were lower, 16.96% and 17.78%, respectively (P > 0.05). The three dominant bacteria were Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi, among which Proteobacteria was negatively correlated with mineralization of organic carbon (P < 0.01). The mineralization rate constant (k) was positively correlated and negatively correlated with Cyanobacteria and Nitrospirae, respectively. Under C2 treatment, Proteobacteria and Nitrospirae had the largest increase, and Cyanobacteria had the largest decrease. Compared with other treatments, C2 treatment significantly increased bacterial diversity index, richness index and evenness index, and the richness index had a negative correlation with k value. In conclusion, when the ratio of soft rock to sand was 1:2, the k of SOC could be reduced. In addition, the retention time of SOC can be increased, and resulting carbon fixation was improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Guo
- Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd., Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Institute of Land Engineering and Technology, Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd., Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering, the Ministry of Natural and Resources of China, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Shaanxi Provincial Land Consolidation Engineering Technology Research Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jichang Han
- Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd., Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Institute of Land Engineering and Technology, Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd., Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering, the Ministry of Natural and Resources of China, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Shaanxi Provincial Land Consolidation Engineering Technology Research Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juan Li
- Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd., Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Institute of Land Engineering and Technology, Shaanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co., Ltd., Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering, the Ministry of Natural and Resources of China, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Shaanxi Provincial Land Consolidation Engineering Technology Research Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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12
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Odebiri O, Mutanga O, Odindi J, Peerbhay K, Dovey S, Ismail1 R. Estimating soil organic carbon stocks under commercial forestry using topo-climate variables in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. S AFR J SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.17159/sajs.2020/6339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Commercial forests are expanding globally, with great potential to absorb carbon and mitigate climate change. However, whereas the role of natural forests in carbon sequestration has been widely investigated, there is a paucity in the literature on the role of commercial forests in carbon assimilation. Hence, understanding the role of commercial forests in carbon storage is essential for quantifying local, regional or global carbon balances, which is valuable for climate change mitigation. Soil carbon is known to be the largest pool within any forest landscape, and is controlled by a wide range of physical and climatic factors. However, the relationship between soil organic carbon (SOC) and topo-climatic variables controlling its distribution within commercial forests is still poorly understood. Due to the limitations encountered in traditional systems of SOC determination, particularly at large spatial extents, geospatial techniques have recently emerged as a viable alternative for mapping soil properties. Therefore, this study sought to map SOC stocks variability within the commercial forest landscape, using landscape topo-climatic variables. A total of 81 soil samples was analysed for SOC concentrations and 31 topographic and climatic variables were used as predictors to SOC variability. To reduce multicollinearity, these variables were reduced to 11 using stepwise backward elimination and the maximum entropy (Maxent) algorithm was used for regression analysis to determine the relationship between SOC and the selected topo-climatic variables. Good accuracies were obtained for both training (area under the curve = 0.906) and test (area under the curve = 0.885) data sets, and demonstrate the effectiveness of selected topo-climatic variables and the Maxent algorithm in predicting SOC stocks. This study provides a framework for monitoring the status of soil carbon in commercial forest compartments and provides a viable approach for local, national or regional carbon accounting – valuable for climate change mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omosalewa Odebiri
- Department of Geography, School of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Onisimo Mutanga
- Department of Geography, School of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - John Odindi
- Department of Geography, School of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Kabir Peerbhay
- Department of Geography, School of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Sappi Forests, Howick, South Africa
| | | | - Riyad Ismail1
- Department of Geography, School of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Sappi Forests, Howick, South Africa
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13
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Chen S, Wu J. The sensitivity of soil microbial respiration declined due to crop straw addition but did not depend on the type of crop straw. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:30167-30176. [PMID: 31420839 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06185-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An incubation experiment was conducted to investigate whether the type of crop straw added to soil influenced the temperature sensitivity of soil microbial respiration. The soil for incubation was collected from a winter wheat-soybean rotation cropland. Five temperature levels (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 °C), five crop straw types (soybean, peanut, rice, winter wheat, and maize), and a control (CK, no crop straw addition) were established. Soil microbial respiration rates were measured on days 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 20, and 27 after crop straw addition using an infrared CO2 analyser. Soil enzyme activities of invertase, urea, and catalase and the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content were measured after incubation. Estimated Q10 (temperature sensitivity of soil microbial respiration) ranged from 1.472 ± 0.045 to 1.970 ± 0.020 and showed no significant (P > 0.05) difference between straw addition treatments, but there was significantly (P < 0.001) higher temperature sensitivity (1.970 ± 0.020) for CK. A significant (P = 0.002) relationship was found between the Q10 of cumulative soil microbial respiration and basal soil microbial respiration (soil microbial respiration at 0 °C). Moreover, a marginally significant (P < 0.1) relationship was found between the Q10 at different incubation stages and basal soil microbial respiration. A quadratic function was used to explain the relationship between estimated basal microbial respiration and the lignin content. Soil microbial respiration was positively correlated with the activities of invertase, urease, and catalase and the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content in all treatments. This study indicated that crop straw addition significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the Q10 of soil microbial respiration and that the types of crop straw added to soil did not significantly (P > 0.05) change the Q10 value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutao Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Jing Wu
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
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14
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Zhu R, Zheng Z, Li T, Zhang X, He S, Wang Y, Liu T, Li W. Dynamics of soil organic carbon mineralization in tea plantations converted from farmland at Western Sichuan, China. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185271. [PMID: 28931064 PMCID: PMC5607202 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate warming and land use change are some of the drivers affecting soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics. The Grain for Green Project, local natural resources, and geographical conditions have resulted in farmland conversion into tea plantations in the hilly region of Western Sichuan. However, the effect of such land conversion on SOC mineralization remains unknown. In order to understand the temperature sensitivity of SOC decomposition in tea plantations converted from farmland, this study considered the different years (i.e., 2-3, 9-10, and 16-17 years) of tea plantations converted from farmland as the study site, and soil was incubated for 28 days at 15°C, 25°C, and 35°C to measure the soil respiration rate, amount, and temperature coefficient (Q10). Temperature and land use type interactively affected the SOC mineralization rate, and the cumulative amount of SOC mineralization in all the plots was the largest at 35°C. SOC mineralization was greater and more sensitive to temperature changes in the farmland than in the tea plantations. Compared with the control, tea plantation soils showed lower SOC mineralization rate and cumulative mineralization amount. The 16-17-year-old tea plantation with a low SOC mineralization amount and high SOC content revealed the benefits of carbon sequestration enhancement obtained by converting farmland into tea plantations. The first-order kinetic equation described SOC mineralization dynamics well. Farmland conversion into tea plantations appeared to reduce the potentially mineralizable carbon pool, and the age of tea plantations also had an effect on the SOC mineralization and sequestration. The relatively weak SOC mineralization temperature sensitivity of the tea plantation soils suggested that the SOC pool of the tea plantation soils was less vulnerable to warming than that of the control soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renhuan Zhu
- College of Resources Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zicheng Zheng
- College of Resources Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Tingxuan Li
- College of Resources Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xizhou Zhang
- College of Resources Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuqin He
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongdong Wang
- College of Resources Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Liu
- College of Resources Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Resources Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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15
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Liu Y, He N, Zhu J, Xu L, Yu G, Niu S, Sun X, Wen X. Regional variation in the temperature sensitivity of soil organic matter decomposition in China's forests and grasslands. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:3393-3402. [PMID: 28055123 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
How to assess the temperature sensitivity (Q10 ) of soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition and its regional variation with high accuracy is one of the largest uncertainties in determining the intensity and direction of the global carbon (C) cycle in response to climate change. In this study, we collected a series of soils from 22 forest sites and 30 grassland sites across China to explore regional variation in Q10 and its underlying mechanisms. We conducted a novel incubation experiment with periodically changing temperature (5-30 °C), while continuously measuring soil microbial respiration rates. The results showed that Q10 varied significantly across different ecosystems, ranging from 1.16 to 3.19 (mean 1.63). Q10 was ordered as follows: alpine grasslands (2.01) > temperate grasslands (1.81) > tropical forests (1.59) > temperate forests (1.55) > subtropical forests (1.52). The Q10 of grasslands (1.90) was significantly higher than that of forests (1.54). Furthermore, Q10 significantly increased with increasing altitude and decreased with increasing longitude. Environmental variables and substrate properties together explained 52% of total variation in Q10 across all sites. Overall, pH and soil electrical conductivity primarily explained spatial variation in Q10 . The general negative relationships between Q10 and substrate quality among all ecosystem types supported the C quality temperature (CQT) hypothesis at a large scale, which indicated that soils with low quality should have higher temperature sensitivity. Furthermore, alpine grasslands, which had the highest Q10 , were predicted to be more sensitive to climate change under the scenario of global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Nianpeng He
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jianxing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Li Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Guirui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shuli Niu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiaomin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xuefa Wen
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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16
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Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis of Soil Bacterial Communities under Different Vegetation Types in Subtropical Area. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129397. [PMID: 26098851 PMCID: PMC4476674 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil microbes are active players in energy flow and material exchange of the forest ecosystems, but the research on the relationship between the microbial diversity and the vegetation types is less conducted, especially in the subtropical area of China. In this present study, the rhizosphere soils of evergreen broad-leaf forest (EBF), coniferous forest (CF), subalpine dwarf forest (SDF) and alpine meadow (AM) were chosen as test sites. Terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (T-RFLP) analysis was used to detect the composition and diversity of soil bacterial communities under different vegetation types in the National Natural Reserve of Wuyi Mountains. Our results revealed distinct differences in soil microbial composition under different vegetation types. Total 73 microbes were identified in soil samples of the four vegetation types, and 56, 49, 46 and 36 clones were obtained from the soils of EBF, CF, SDF and AM, respectively, and subsequently sequenced. The Actinobacteria, Fusobacterium, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria were the most predominant in all soil samples. The order of Shannon-Wiener index (H) of all soil samples was in the order of EBF>CF>SDF>AM, whereas bacterial species richness as estimated by four restriction enzymes indicated no significant difference. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the soil bacterial communities’ structures of EBF, CF, SDF and AM were clearly separated along the first and second principal components, which explained 62.17% and 31.58% of the total variance, respectively. The soil physical-chemical properties such as total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and total potassium (TK) were positively correlated with the diversity of bacterial communities.
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17
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Wang G, Jia Y, Li W. Effects of environmental and biotic factors on carbon isotopic fractionation during decomposition of soil organic matter. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11043. [PMID: 26056012 PMCID: PMC4650608 DOI: 10.1038/srep11043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM) plays an important role in the global carbon cycle because the CO2 emitted from soil respiration is an important source of atmospheric CO2. Carbon isotopic fractionation occurs during SOM decomposition, which leads to (12)C to enrich in the released CO2 while (13)C to enrich in the residual SOM. Understanding the isotope fractionation has been demonstrated to be helpful for studying the global carbon cycle. Soil and litter samples were collected from soil profiles at 27 different sites located along a vertical transect from 1200 to 4500 m above sea level (a.s.l.) in the south-eastern side of the Tibetan Plateau. Their carbon isotope ratios, C and N concentrations were measured. In addition, fiber and lignin in litter samples were also analyzed. Carbon isotope fractionation factor (α) during SOM decomposition was estimated indirectly as the slope of the relationship between carbon isotope ratios of SOM and soil C concentrations. This study shows that litter quality and soil water play a significant role in isotope fractionation during SOM decomposition, and the carbon isotope fractionation factor, α, increases with litter quality and soil water content. However, we found that temperature had no significant impact on the α variance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoan Wang
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yufu Jia
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
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18
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Xu W, Li W, Jiang P, Wang H, Bai E. Distinct temperature sensitivity of soil carbon decomposition in forest organic layer and mineral soil. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6512. [PMID: 25270905 PMCID: PMC4180824 DOI: 10.1038/srep06512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The roles of substrate availability and quality in determining temperature sensitivity (Q10) of soil carbon (C) decomposition are still unclear, which limits our ability to predict how soil C storage and cycling would respond to climate change. Here we determined Q10 in surface organic layer and subsurface mineral soil along an elevation gradient in a temperate forest ecosystem. Q10 was calculated by comparing the times required to respire a given amount of soil C at 15 and 25°C in a 350-day incubation. Results indicated that Q10 of the organic layer was 0.22–0.71 (absolute difference) higher than Q10 of the mineral soil. Q10 in both the organic layer (2.5–3.4) and the mineral soil (2.1–2.8) increased with decreasing substrate quality during the incubation. This enhancement of Q10 over incubation time in both layers suggested that Q10 of more labile C was lower than that of more recalcitrant C, consistent with the Arrhenius kinetics. No clear trend of Q10 was found along the elevation gradient. Because the soil organic C pool of the organic layer in temperate forests is large, its higher temperature sensitivity highlights its importance in C cycling under global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China
| | - Wei Li
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China [2] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China
| | - Hui Wang
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China [2] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Edith Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China
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Zhou W, Hui D, Shen W. Effects of soil moisture on the temperature sensitivity of soil heterotrophic respiration: a laboratory incubation study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92531. [PMID: 24647610 PMCID: PMC3960259 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The temperature sensitivity (Q10) of soil heterotrophic respiration (Rh) is an important ecological model parameter and may vary with temperature and moisture. While Q10 generally decreases with increasing temperature, the moisture effects on Q10 have been controversial. To address this, we conducted a 90-day laboratory incubation experiment using a subtropical forest soil with a full factorial combination of five moisture levels (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% water holding capacity - WHC) and five temperature levels (10, 17, 24, 31, and 38°C). Under each moisture treatment, Rh was measured several times for each temperature treatment to derive Q10 based on the exponential relationships between Rh and temperature. Microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial community structure and soil nutrients were also measured several times to detect their potential contributions to the moisture-induced Q10 variation. We found that Q10 was significantly lower at lower moisture levels (60%, 40% and 20% WHC) than at higher moisture level (80% WHC) during the early stage of the incubation, but became significantly higher at 20%WHC than at 60% WHC and not significantly different from the other three moisture levels during the late stage of incubation. In contrast, soil Rh had the highest value at 60% WHC and the lowest at 20% WHC throughout the whole incubation period. Variations of Q10 were significantly associated with MBC during the early stages of incubation, but with the fungi-to-bacteria ratio during the later stages, suggesting that changes in microbial biomass and community structure are related to the moisture-induced Q10 changes. This study implies that global warming’s impacts on soil CO2 emission may depend upon soil moisture conditions. With the same temperature rise, wetter soils may emit more CO2 into the atmosphere via heterotrophic respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Zhou
- Key laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Dafeng Hui
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Weijun Shen
- Key laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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