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Liu Y, Lin Y, Guan N, Song Y, Li Y, Xie X. A Lipopolysaccharide Synthesis Gene rfaD from Mesorhizobium huakuii Is Involved in Nodule Development and Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation. Microorganisms 2022; 11:microorganisms11010059. [PMID: 36677351 PMCID: PMC9866225 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizobium lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an important component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and serves as a signal molecule on the surface of rhizobia, participating in the symbiosis during rhizobia-legume interaction. In this study, we constructed a deletion mutant of ADP-L-glycerol-D-mannoheptosyl-6-exoisomerase (rfaD) of Mesorhizobium huakuii 7653R and a functional complementary strain. The results showed that the deletion of rfaD did not affect the free-living growth rate of 7653R, but that it did affect the LPS synthesis and that it increased sensitivity to abiotic stresses. The rfaD promoter-GUS reporter assay showed that the gene was mainly expressed in the infection zone of the mature nodules. The root nodules formation of the rfaD mutant was delayed during symbiosis with the host plant of Astragalus sinicus. The symbiotic phenotype analyses showed that the nodules of A. sinicus lost symbiotic nitrogen fixation ability, when inoculated with the rfaD mutant strain. In conclusion, our results reveal that the 7653R rfaD gene plays a crucial role in the LPS synthesis involved in the symbiotic interaction between rhizobia and A. sinicus. This study also provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms by which the rhizobia regulate their own gene expression and cell wall components enabling nodulation in legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ye Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ning Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuting Song
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Youguo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (X.X.); Tel.: +86-127-8728-1685 (Y.L.); +86-159-1855-2425 (X.X.)
| | - Xianan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (X.X.); Tel.: +86-127-8728-1685 (Y.L.); +86-159-1855-2425 (X.X.)
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2
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Wang D, Dong W, Murray J, Wang E. Innovation and appropriation in mycorrhizal and rhizobial Symbioses. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:1573-1599. [PMID: 35157080 PMCID: PMC9048890 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Most land plants benefit from endosymbiotic interactions with mycorrhizal fungi, including legumes and some nonlegumes that also interact with endosymbiotic nitrogen (N)-fixing bacteria to form nodules. In addition to these helpful interactions, plants are continuously exposed to would-be pathogenic microbes: discriminating between friends and foes is a major determinant of plant survival. Recent breakthroughs have revealed how some key signals from pathogens and symbionts are distinguished. Once this checkpoint has been passed and a compatible symbiont is recognized, the plant coordinates the sequential development of two types of specialized structures in the host. The first serves to mediate infection, and the second, which appears later, serves as sophisticated intracellular nutrient exchange interfaces. The overlap in both the signaling pathways and downstream infection components of these symbioses reflects their evolutionary relatedness and the common requirements of these two interactions. However, the different outputs of the symbioses, phosphate uptake versus N fixation, require fundamentally different components and physical environments and necessitated the recruitment of different master regulators, NODULE INCEPTION-LIKE PROTEINS, and PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSES, for nodulation and mycorrhization, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wentao Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | | | - Ertao Wang
- Authors for correspondence: (E.W) and (J.M.)
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Wang T, Balla B, Kovács S, Kereszt A. Varietas Delectat: Exploring Natural Variations in Nitrogen-Fixing Symbiosis Research. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:856187. [PMID: 35481136 PMCID: PMC9037385 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.856187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The nitrogen-fixing symbiosis between leguminous plants and soil bacteria collectively called rhizobia plays an important role in the global nitrogen cycle and is an essential component of sustainable agriculture. Genetic determinants directing the development and functioning of the interaction have been identified with the help of a very limited number of model plants and bacterial strains. Most of the information obtained from the study of model systems could be validated on crop plants and their partners. The investigation of soybean cultivars and different rhizobia, however, has revealed the existence of ineffective interactions between otherwise effective partners that resemble gene-for-gene interactions described for pathogenic systems. Since then, incompatible interactions between natural isolates of model plants, called ecotypes, and different bacterial partner strains have been reported. Moreover, diverse phenotypes of both bacterial mutants on different host plants and plant mutants with different bacterial strains have been described. Identification of the genetic factors behind the phenotypic differences did already and will reveal novel functions of known genes/proteins, the role of certain proteins in some interactions, and the fine regulation of the steps during nodule development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School in Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Benedikta Balla
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School in Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Kovács
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila Kereszt
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Szeged, Hungary
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4
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Di Lorenzo F, Speciale I, Silipo A, Alías-Villegas C, Acosta-Jurado S, Rodríguez-Carvajal MÁ, Dardanelli MS, Palmigiano A, Garozzo D, Ruiz-Sainz JE, Molinaro A, Vinardell JM. Structure of the unusual Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 lipopolysaccharide and its role in symbiosis. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:10969-10987. [PMID: 32546484 PMCID: PMC7415993 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizobia are soil bacteria that form important symbiotic associations with legumes, and rhizobial surface polysaccharides, such as K-antigen polysaccharide (KPS) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), might be important for symbiosis. Previously, we obtained a mutant of Sinorhizobium fredii HH103, rkpA, that does not produce KPS, a homopolysaccharide of a pseudaminic acid derivative, but whose LPS electrophoretic profile was indistinguishable from that of the WT strain. We also previously demonstrated that the HH103 rkpLMNOPQ operon is responsible for 5-acetamido-3,5,7,9-tetradeoxy-7-(3-hydroxybutyramido)-l-glycero-l-manno-nonulosonic acid [Pse5NAc7(3OHBu)] production and is involved in HH103 KPS and LPS biosynthesis and that an HH103 rkpM mutant cannot produce KPS and displays an altered LPS structure. Here, we analyzed the LPS structure of HH103 rkpA, focusing on the carbohydrate portion, and found that it contains a highly heterogeneous lipid A and a peculiar core oligosaccharide composed of an unusually high number of hexuronic acids containing β-configured Pse5NAc7(3OHBu). This pseudaminic acid derivative, in its α-configuration, was the only structural component of the S. fredii HH103 KPS and, to the best of our knowledge, has never been reported from any other rhizobial LPS. We also show that Pse5NAc7(3OHBu) is the complete or partial epitope for a mAb, NB6-228.22, that can recognize the HH103 LPS, but not those of most of the S. fredii strains tested here. We also show that the LPS from HH103 rkpM is identical to that of HH103 rkpA but devoid of any Pse5NAc7(3OHBu) residues. Notably, this rkpM mutant was severely impaired in symbiosis with its host, Macroptilium atropurpureum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flaviana Di Lorenzo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Immacolata Speciale
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alba Silipo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Marta S Dardanelli
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto-INBIAS, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Angelo Palmigiano
- Istituto per i Polimeri, Compositi e Biomateriali IPCB, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Catania, Italy
| | - Domenico Garozzo
- Istituto per i Polimeri, Compositi e Biomateriali IPCB, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Molinaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - José-María Vinardell
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Sevilla, Spain
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Acosta-Jurado S, Alias-Villegas C, Navarro-Gómez P, Almozara A, Rodríguez-Carvajal MA, Medina C, Vinardell JM. Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 syrM inactivation affects the expression of a large number of genes, impairs nodulation with soybean and extends the host-range to Lotus japonicus. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:1104-1124. [PMID: 31845498 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 RifR is a broad host-range rhizobial strain able to nodulate with soybean and Lotus burttii, but it is ineffective with L. japonicus. Here, we study the role of the HH103 RifR SyrM protein in the regulation of gene expression and its relevance in symbiosis with those three legumes. RNAseq analyses show that HH103 SyrM is an important transcriptional regulator not only in the presence of inducer flavonoids but also in its absence. Lack of SyrM increases Nod factors production and decreases genistein-mediated repression of exopolysaccharide production in HH103. In symbiosis, mutation of syrM partially impaired interaction with soybean but improves effectiveness with L. burttii and extends the host-rage to L. japonicus Gifu. In addition, HH103 syrM mutants enter in both Lotus species by infection threads, whereas HH103 uses the more primitive intercellular infection to enter into L. burttii roots These symbiotic phenotypes were previously observed in two other HH103 mutants affected in symbiotic regulators, nodD2 and nolR, revealing that in S. fredii HH103 numerous transcriptional regulators finely modulate symbiotic gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Acosta-Jurado
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, C.P, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Cynthia Alias-Villegas
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, C.P, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Pilar Navarro-Gómez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, C.P, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Andrés Almozara
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, C.P, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Miguel A Rodríguez-Carvajal
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Calle Profesor García González 1, C. P. 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carlos Medina
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, C.P, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José-María Vinardell
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, C.P, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
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Xiang Q, Wang J, Qin P, Adil B, Xu K, Gu Y, Yu X, Zhao K, Zhang X, Ma M, Chen Q, Chen X, Yan Y. Effect of common bean seed exudates on growth, lipopolysaccharide production, and lipopolysaccharide transport gene expression of Rhizobium anhuiense. Can J Microbiol 2019; 66:186-193. [PMID: 31751146 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2019-0413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is essential for successful nodulation during the symbiosis of rhizobia and legumes. However, the detailed mechanism of the LPS in this process has not yet been clearly elucidated. In this study, the effects of common bean seed exudates on the growth, lipopolysaccharide production, and lipopolysaccharide transport genes expression (lpt) of Rhizobium anhuiense were investigated. Rhizobium anhuiense exposed to exudates showed changes in LPS electrophoretic profiles and content, whereby the LPS band was wider and the LPS content was higher in R. anhuiense treated with seed exudates. Exudates enhanced cell growth of R. anhuiense in a concentration-dependent manner; R. anhuiense exposed to higher doses of the exudate showed faster growth. Seven lpt genes of R. anhuiense were amplified and sequenced. Sequences of six lpt genes, except for lptE, were the same as those found in previously analyzed R. anhuiense strains, while lptE shared low sequence similarity with other strains. Exposure to the exudates strongly stimulated the expression of all lpt genes. Approximately 6.7- (lptG) to 301-fold (lptE) increases in the transcriptional levels were observed after only 15 min of exposure to exudates. These results indicate that seed exudates affect the LPS by making the cell wall structure more conducive to symbiotic nodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanju Xiang
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Peng Qin
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Bilal Adil
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Kaiwei Xu
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Yunfu Gu
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Xiumei Yu
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Ke Zhao
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Menggen Ma
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Chen
- College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqiong Chen
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Yanhong Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
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Dang X, Xie Z, Liu W, Sun Y, Liu X, Zhu Y, Staehelin C. The genome of Ensifer alkalisoli YIC4027 provides insights for host specificity and environmental adaptations. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:643. [PMID: 31405380 PMCID: PMC6689892 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ensifer alkalisoli YIC4027, a recently characterized nitrogen-fixing bacterium of the genus Ensifer, has been isolated from root nodules of the host plant Sesbania cannabina. This plant is widely used as green manure and for soil remediation. E. alkalisoli YIC4027 can grow in saline-alkaline soils and is a narrow-host-range strain that establishes a symbiotic relationship with S. cannabina. The complete genome of this strain was sequenced to better understand the genetic basis of host specificity and adaptation to saline-alkaline soils. Results E. alkalisoli YIC4027 was found to possess a 6.1-Mb genome consisting of three circular replicons: one chromosome (3.7 Mb), a chromid (1.9 Mb) and a plasmid (0.46 Mb). Genome comparisons showed that strain YIC4027 is phylogenetically related to broad-host-range Ensifer fredii strains. Synteny analysis revealed a strong collinearity between chromosomes of E. alkalisoli YIC4027 and those of the E. fredii NGR234 (3.9 Mb), HH103 (4.3 Mb) and USDA257 (6.48 Mb) strains. Notable differences were found for genes required for biosynthesis of nodulation factors and protein secretion systems, suggesting a role of these genes in host-specific nodulation. In addition, the genome analysis led to the identification of YIC4027 genes that are presumably related to adaptation to saline-alkaline soils, rhizosphere colonization and nodulation competitiveness. Analysis of chemotaxis cluster genes and nodulation tests with constructed che gene mutants indicated a role of chemotaxis and flagella-mediated motility in the symbiotic association between YIC4027 and S. cannabina. Conclusions This study provides a basis for a better understanding of host specific nodulation and of adaptation to a saline-alkaline rhizosphere. This information offers the perspective to prepare optimal E. alkalisoli inocula for agriculture use and soil remediation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-6004-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Dang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Center for Ocean Mag-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China. .,Center for Ocean Mag-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China.,Center for Ocean Mag-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Center for Ocean Mag-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Center for Ocean Mag-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongqiang Zhu
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Christian Staehelin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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8
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Acosta-Jurado S, Rodríguez-Navarro DN, Kawaharada Y, Rodríguez-Carvajal MA, Gil-Serrano A, Soria-Díaz ME, Pérez-Montaño F, Fernández-Perea J, Niu Y, Alias-Villegas C, Jiménez-Guerrero I, Navarro-Gómez P, López-Baena FJ, Kelly S, Sandal N, Stougaard J, Ruiz-Sainz JE, Vinardell JM. Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 nolR and nodD2 mutants gain capacity for infection thread invasion of Lotus japonicus Gifu and Lotus burttii. Environ Microbiol 2019; 21:1718-1739. [PMID: 30839140 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 RifR , a broad-host-range rhizobial strain, forms ineffective nodules with Lotus japonicus but induces nitrogen-fixing nodules in Lotus burttii roots that are infected by intercellular entry. Here we show that HH103 RifR nolR or nodD2 mutants gain the ability to induce infection thread formation and to form nitrogen-fixing nodules in L. japonicus Gifu. Microscopy studies showed that the mode of infection of L. burttii roots by the nodD2 and nolR mutants switched from intercellular entry to infection threads (ITs). In the presence of the isoflavone genistein, both mutants overproduced Nod-factors. Transcriptomic analyses showed that, in the presence of Lotus japonicus Gifu root exudates, genes related to Nod factors production were overexpressed in both mutants in comparison to HH103 RifR . Complementation of the nodD2 and nolR mutants provoked a decrease in Nod-factor production, the incapacity to form nitrogen-fixing nodules with L. japonicus Gifu and restored the intercellular way of infection in L. burttii. Thus, the capacity of S. fredii HH103 RifR nodD2 and nolR mutants to infect L. burttii and L. japonicus Gifu by ITs and fix nitrogen L. japonicus Gifu might be correlated with Nod-factor overproduction, although other bacterial symbiotic signals could also be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Acosta-Jurado
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, C.P., 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Yasuyuki Kawaharada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, Aarhus, CDK-8000, Denmark.,Department of Plant BioSciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8550, Japan
| | - Miguel A Rodríguez-Carvajal
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Calle Profesor García González 1, C. P, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio Gil-Serrano
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Calle Profesor García González 1, C. P, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - María E Soria-Díaz
- Servicio de Espectrometría de Masas, Centro de Investigación, Tecnología e Innovación (CITIUS), Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Francisco Pérez-Montaño
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, C.P., 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan Fernández-Perea
- IFAPA, Centro Las Torres-Tomejil, Apartado Oficial 41200, Alcalá del Río, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Yanbo Niu
- Department of Resources and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, No. 68, Zhaolin Street, Daoli District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Cynthia Alias-Villegas
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, C.P., 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Irene Jiménez-Guerrero
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, C.P., 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Pilar Navarro-Gómez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, C.P., 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier López-Baena
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, C.P., 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Simon Kelly
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, Aarhus, CDK-8000, Denmark
| | - Niels Sandal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, Aarhus, CDK-8000, Denmark
| | - Jens Stougaard
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, Aarhus, CDK-8000, Denmark
| | - José E Ruiz-Sainz
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, C.P., 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José-María Vinardell
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, C.P., 41012, Sevilla, Spain
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9
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Sorroche F, Bogino P, Russo DM, Zorreguieta A, Nievas F, Morales GM, Hirsch AM, Giordano W. Cell Autoaggregation, Biofilm Formation, and Plant Attachment in a Sinorhizobium meliloti lpsB Mutant. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2018; 31:1075-1082. [PMID: 30136892 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-01-18-0004-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial surface molecules are crucial for the establishment of a successful rhizobia-legume symbiosis, and, in most bacteria, are also critical for adherence properties, surface colonization, and as a barrier for defense. Rhizobial mutants defective in the production of exopolysaccharides (EPSs), lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), or capsular polysaccharides are usually affected in symbiosis with their plant hosts. In the present study, we evaluated the role of the combined effects of LPS and EPS II in cell-to-cell and cell-to-surface interactions in Sinorhizobium meliloti by studying planktonic cell autoaggregation, biofilm formation, and symbiosis with the host plant Medicago sativa. The lpsB mutant, which has a defective core portion of LPS, exhibited a reduction in biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces as well as altered biofilm architecture compared with the wild-type Rm8530 strain. Atomic force microscopy and confocal laser microscopy revealed an increase in polar cell-to-cell interactions in the lpsB mutant, which might account for the biofilm deficiency. However, a certain level of biofilm development was observed in the lpsB strain compared with the EPS II-defective mutant strains. Autoaggregation experiments carried out with LPS and EPS mutant strains showed that both polysaccharides have an impact on the cell-to-cell adhesive interactions of planktonic bacteria. Although the lpsB mutation and the loss of EPS II production strongly stimulated early attachment to alfalfa roots, the number of nodules induced in M. sativa was not increased. Taken together, this work demonstrates that S. meliloti interactions with biotic and abiotic surfaces depend on the interplay between LPS and EPS II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Sorroche
- 1 Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Pablo Bogino
- 1 Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Daniela M Russo
- 2 Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Fiorela Nievas
- 1 Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gustavo M Morales
- 3 Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Argentina; and
| | - Ann M Hirsch
- 4 Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, U.S.A
| | - Walter Giordano
- 1 Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
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10
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Durán D, Imperial J, Palacios J, Ruiz-Argüeso T, Göttfert M, Zehner S, Rey L. Characterization of a novel MIIA domain-containing protein (MdcE) in Bradyrhizobium spp. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2018; 365:4769627. [PMID: 29281013 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnx276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Several genes coding for proteins with metal ion-inducible autocleavage (MIIA) domains were identified in type III secretion system tts gene clusters from draft genomes of recently isolated Bradyrhizobium spp. MIIA domains have been first described in the effectors NopE1 and NopE2 of Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens USDA 110. All identified genes are preceded by tts box promoter motifs. The identified proteins contain one or two MIIA domains. A phylogenetic analysis of 35 MIIA domain sequences from 16 Bradyrhizobium strains revealed four groups. The protein from Bradyrhizobium sp. LmjC strain contains a single MIIA domain and was designated MdcE (MdcELmjC). It was expressed as a fusion to maltose-binding protein (MalE) in Escherichia coli and subsequently purified by affinity chromatography. Recombinant MalE-MdcELmjC-Strep protein exhibited autocleavage in the presence of Ca2+, Cu2+, Cd2+ and Mn2+, but not in the presence of Mg2+, Ni2+ or Co2+. Site-directed mutagenesis at the predicted cleavage site abolished autocleavage activity of MdcELmjC. An LmjC mdcE- mutant was impaired in the ability to nodulate Lupinus angustifolius and Macroptilium atropurpureum.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Durán
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas UPM-INIA, Campus de Montegancedo, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain and Departamento de Biotecnología y Biología Vegetal, ETSI Agrómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
| | - Juan Imperial
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas UPM-INIA, Campus de Montegancedo, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain and Departamento de Biotecnología y Biología Vegetal, ETSI Agrómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid.,Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias (ICA), Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas, Serrano 115, bis, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Palacios
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas UPM-INIA, Campus de Montegancedo, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain and Departamento de Biotecnología y Biología Vegetal, ETSI Agrómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
| | - Tomás Ruiz-Argüeso
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas UPM-INIA, Campus de Montegancedo, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain and Departamento de Biotecnología y Biología Vegetal, ETSI Agrómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
| | - Michael Göttfert
- Institute of Genetics, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 10, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Zehner
- Institute of Genetics, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 10, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Luis Rey
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas UPM-INIA, Campus de Montegancedo, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain and Departamento de Biotecnología y Biología Vegetal, ETSI Agrómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
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11
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Li R, Yan Z, Wang J, Song Q, Wang Z. De novo characterization of venom apparatus transcriptome of Pardosa pseudoannulata and analysis of its gene expression in response to Bt protein. BMC Biotechnol 2017; 17:73. [PMID: 29115956 PMCID: PMC5678584 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-017-0392-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pardosa pseudoannulata is a prevailing spider species, and has been regarded as an important bio-control agent of insect pests in farmland of China. However, the available genomic and transcriptomic databases of P. pseudoannulata and their venom are limited, which severely hampers functional genomic analysis of P. pseudoannulata. Recently high-throughput sequencing technology has been proved to be an efficient tool for profiling the transcriptome of relevant non-target organisms exposed to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) protein through food webs. Results In this study, the transcriptome of the venom apparatus was analyzed. A total of 113,358 non-redundant unigenes were yielded, among which 34,041 unigenes with complete or various length encoding regions were assigned biological function annotations and annotated with gene ontology and karyotic orthologous group terms. In addition, 3726 unigenes involved in response to stimulus and 720 unigenes associated with immune-response pathways were identified. Furthermore, we investigated transcriptomic changes in the venom apparatus using tag-based DGE technique. A total of 1724 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected, while 75 and 372 DEGs were functionally annotated with KEGG pathways and GO terms, respectively. qPCR analyses were performed to verify the DEGs directly or indirectly related to immune and stress responses, including genes encoding heat shock protein, toll-like receptor, GST and NADH dehydrogenase. Conclusion This is the first study conducted to specifically investigate the venom apparatus of P. pseudoannulata in response to Bt protein exposure through tritrophic chain. A substantial fraction of transcript sequences was generated by high-throughput sequencing of the venom apparatus of P. pseudoannulata. Then a comparative transcriptome analysis showing a large number of candidate genes involved in immune response were identified by the tag-based DGE technology. This transcriptome dataset will provide a comprehensive sequence resource for furture molecular genetic research of the venom apparatus of P. pseudoannulata. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12896-017-0392-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- College of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China.,Department of Biosciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, 415000, China
| | - Zhenzhen Yan
- College of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Qisheng Song
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Zhi Wang
- College of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China.
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12
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Acosta-Jurado S, Rodríguez-Navarro DN, Kawaharada Y, Perea JF, Gil-Serrano A, Jin H, An Q, Rodríguez-Carvajal MA, Andersen SU, Sandal N, Stougaard J, Vinardell JM, Ruiz-Sainz JE. Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 Invades Lotus burttii by Crack Entry in a Nod Factor-and Surface Polysaccharide-Dependent Manner. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2016; 29:925-937. [PMID: 27827003 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-09-16-0195-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Sinorhizobium fredii HH103-Rifr, a broad host range rhizobial strain, induces nitrogen-fixing nodules in Lotus burttii but ineffective nodules in L. japonicus. Confocal microscopy studies showed that Mesorhizobium loti MAFF303099 and S. fredii HH103-Rifr invade L. burttii roots through infection threads or epidermal cracks, respectively. Infection threads in root hairs were not observed in L. burttii plants inoculated with S. fredii HH103-Rifr. A S. fredii HH103-Rifr nodA mutant failed to nodulate L. burttii, demonstrating that Nod factors are strictly necessary for this crack-entry mode, and a noeL mutant was also severely impaired in L. burttii nodulation, indicating that the presence of fucosyl residues in the Nod factor is symbiotically relevant. However, significant symbiotic impacts due to the absence of methylation or to acetylation of the fucosyl residue were not detected. In contrast S. fredii HH103-Rifr mutants showing lipopolysaccharide alterations had reduced symbiotic capacity, while mutants affected in production of either exopolysaccharides, capsular polysaccharides, or both were not impaired in nodulation. Mutants unable to produce cyclic glucans and purine or pyrimidine auxotrophic mutants formed ineffective nodules with L. burttii. Flagellin-dependent bacterial mobility was not required for crack infection, since HH103-Rifr fla mutants nodulated L. burttii. None of the S. fredii HH103-Rifr surface-polysaccharide mutants gained effective nodulation with L. japonicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Acosta-Jurado
- 1 Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, C.P. 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Yasuyuki Kawaharada
- 3 Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, Aarhus C DK-8000, Denmark; and
| | - Juan Fernández Perea
- 2 IFAPA, Centro Las Torres-Tomejil, Apartado Oficial 41200, Alcalá del Río, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio Gil-Serrano
- 4 Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Calle Profesor García González 1, C. P. 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Haojie Jin
- 3 Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, Aarhus C DK-8000, Denmark; and
| | - Qi An
- 1 Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, C.P. 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Miguel A Rodríguez-Carvajal
- 4 Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Calle Profesor García González 1, C. P. 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Stig U Andersen
- 3 Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, Aarhus C DK-8000, Denmark; and
| | - Niels Sandal
- 3 Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, Aarhus C DK-8000, Denmark; and
| | - Jens Stougaard
- 3 Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, Aarhus C DK-8000, Denmark; and
| | - José-María Vinardell
- 1 Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, C.P. 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José E Ruiz-Sainz
- 1 Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, C.P. 41012, Sevilla, Spain
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13
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Acosta-Jurado S, Alias-Villegas C, Navarro-Gómez P, Zehner S, Murdoch PDS, Rodríguez-Carvajal MA, Soto MJ, Ollero FJ, Ruiz-Sainz JE, Göttfert M, Vinardell JM. The Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 MucR1 Global Regulator Is Connected With the nod Regulon and Is Required for Efficient Symbiosis With Lotus burttii and Glycine max cv. Williams. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2016; 29:700-712. [PMID: 27482821 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-06-16-0116-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 is a rhizobial strain showing a broad host range of nodulation. In addition to the induction of bacterial nodulation genes, transition from a free-living to a symbiotic state requires complex genetic expression changes with the participation of global regulators. We have analyzed the role of the zinc-finger transcriptional regulator MucR1 from S. fredii HH103 under both free-living conditions and symbiosis with two HH103 host plants, Glycine max and Lotus burttii. Inactivation of HH103 mucR1 led to a severe decrease in exopolysaccharide (EPS) biosynthesis but enhanced production of external cyclic glucans (CG). This mutant also showed increased cell aggregation capacity as well as a drastic reduction in nitrogen-fixation capacity with G. max and L. burttii. However, in these two legumes, the number of nodules induced by the mucR1 mutant was significantly increased and decreased, respectively, with respect to the wild-type strain, indicating that MucR1 can differently affect nodulation depending on the host plant. RNA-Seq analysis carried out in the absence and the presence of flavonoids showed that MucR1 controls the expression of hundreds of genes (including some related to EPS production and CG transport), some of them being related to the nod regulon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Acosta-Jurado
- 1 Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, C.P. 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Cynthia Alias-Villegas
- 1 Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, C.P. 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Pilar Navarro-Gómez
- 1 Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, C.P. 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Susanne Zehner
- 2 Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Genetik, Helmholtzstrasse 10, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Miguel A Rodríguez-Carvajal
- 4 Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Calle Profesor García González 1, C. P. 41012, Sevilla, Spain, and
| | - María J Soto
- 5 Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco-Javier Ollero
- 1 Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, C.P. 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José E Ruiz-Sainz
- 1 Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, C.P. 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Michael Göttfert
- 2 Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Genetik, Helmholtzstrasse 10, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - José-María Vinardell
- 1 Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, C.P. 41012, Sevilla, Spain
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14
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López-Baena FJ, Ruiz-Sainz JE, Rodríguez-Carvajal MA, Vinardell JM. Bacterial Molecular Signals in the Sinorhizobium fredii-Soybean Symbiosis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E755. [PMID: 27213334 PMCID: PMC4881576 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sinorhizobium (Ensifer) fredii (S. fredii) is a rhizobial species exhibiting a remarkably broad nodulation host-range. Thus, S. fredii is able to effectively nodulate dozens of different legumes, including plants forming determinate nodules, such as the important crops soybean and cowpea, and plants forming indeterminate nodules, such as Glycyrrhiza uralensis and pigeon-pea. This capacity of adaptation to different symbioses makes the study of the molecular signals produced by S. fredii strains of increasing interest since it allows the analysis of their symbiotic role in different types of nodule. In this review, we analyze in depth different S. fredii molecules that act as signals in symbiosis, including nodulation factors, different surface polysaccharides (exopolysaccharides, lipopolysaccharides, cyclic glucans, and K-antigen capsular polysaccharides), and effectors delivered to the interior of the host cells through a symbiotic type 3 secretion system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J López-Baena
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida de Reina Mercedes, 6, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - José E Ruiz-Sainz
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida de Reina Mercedes, 6, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Miguel A Rodríguez-Carvajal
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González, 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - José M Vinardell
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida de Reina Mercedes, 6, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
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15
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Crespo-Rivas JC, Guefrachi I, Mok KC, Villaécija-Aguilar JA, Acosta-Jurado S, Pierre O, Ruiz-Sainz JE, Taga ME, Mergaert P, Vinardell JM. Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 bacteroids are not terminally differentiated and show altered O-antigen in nodules of the Inverted Repeat-Lacking Clade legume Glycyrrhiza uralensis. Environ Microbiol 2015; 18:2392-404. [PMID: 26521863 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In rhizobial species that nodulate inverted repeat-lacking clade (IRLC) legumes, such as the interaction between Sinorhizobium meliloti and Medicago, bacteroid differentiation is driven by an endoreduplication event that is induced by host nodule-specific cysteine rich (NCR) antimicrobial peptides and requires the participation of the bacterial protein BacA. We have studied bacteroid differentiation of Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 in three host plants: Glycine max, Cajanus cajan and the IRLC legume Glycyrrhiza uralensis. Flow cytometry, microscopy analyses and viability studies of bacteroids as well as confocal microscopy studies carried out in nodules showed that S. fredii HH103 bacteroids, regardless of the host plant, had deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) contents, cellular sizes and survival rates similar to those of free-living bacteria. Contrary to S. meliloti, S. fredii HH103 showed little or no sensitivity to Medicago NCR247 and NCR335 peptides. Inactivation of S. fredii HH103 bacA neither affected symbiosis with Glycyrrhiza nor increased bacterial sensitivity to Medicago NCRs. Finally, HH103 bacteroids isolated from Glycyrrhiza, but not those isolated from Cajanus or Glycine, showed an altered lipopolysaccharide. Our studies indicate that, in contrast to the S. meliloti-Medicago model symbiosis, bacteroids in the S. fredii HH103-Glycyrrhiza symbiosis do not undergo NCR-induced and bacA-dependent terminal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Crespo-Rivas
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, CP, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ibtissem Guefrachi
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 9198, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Kenny C Mok
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - José A Villaécija-Aguilar
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, CP, 41012, Sevilla, Spain.,Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 9198, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sebastián Acosta-Jurado
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, CP, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Olivier Pierre
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 9198, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - José E Ruiz-Sainz
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, CP, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Michiko E Taga
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Peter Mergaert
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 9198, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - José M Vinardell
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, CP, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
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16
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Jiao YS, Liu YH, Yan H, Wang ET, Tian CF, Chen WX, Guo BL, Chen WF. Rhizobial Diversity and Nodulation Characteristics of the Extremely Promiscuous Legume Sophora flavescens. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2015; 28:1338-1352. [PMID: 26389798 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-06-15-0141-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In present study, we report our extensive survey on the diversity and biogeography of rhizobia associated with Sophora flavescens, a sophocarpidine (matrine)-containing medicinal legume. We additionally investigated the cross nodulation, infection pattern, light and electron microscopies of root nodule sections of S. flavescens infected by various rhizobia. Seventeen genospecies of rhizobia belonging to five genera with seven types of symbiotic nodC genes were found to nodulate S. flavescens in natural soils. In the cross-nodulation tests, most representative rhizobia in class α-Proteobacteria, whose host plants belong to different cross-nodulation groups, form effective indeterminate nodules, while representative rhizobia in class β-Proteobacteria form ineffective nodules on S. flavescens. Highly host-specific biovars of Rhizobium leguminosarum (bv. trifolii and bv. viciae) and Rhizobium etli bv. phaseoli could establish symbioses with S. flavescens, providing further evidence that S. flavescens is an extremely promiscuous legume and it does not have strict selectivity on either the symbiotic genes or the species-determining housekeeping genes of rhizobia. Root-hair infection is found as the pattern that rhizobia have gained entry into the curled root hairs. Electron microscopies of ultra-thin sections of S. flavescens root nodules formed by different rhizobia show that the bacteroids are regular or irregular rod shape and nonswollen types. Some bacteroids contain poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), while others do not, indicating the synthesis of PHB in bacteroids is rhizobia-dependent. The extremely promiscuous symbiosis between S. flavescens and different rhizobia provide us a basis for future studies aimed at understanding the molecular interactions of rhizobia and legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Shan Jiao
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing 100193, China; College of Biological Sciences and Rhizobia Research Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuan Hui Liu
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing 100193, China; College of Biological Sciences and Rhizobia Research Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hui Yan
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing 100193, China; College of Biological Sciences and Rhizobia Research Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - En Tao Wang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing 100193, China; College of Biological Sciences and Rhizobia Research Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- 2 Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México D. F. 11340, México
| | - Chang Fu Tian
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing 100193, China; College of Biological Sciences and Rhizobia Research Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wen Xin Chen
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing 100193, China; College of Biological Sciences and Rhizobia Research Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bao Lin Guo
- 3 Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wen Feng Chen
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing 100193, China; College of Biological Sciences and Rhizobia Research Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Vinardell JM, Acosta-Jurado S, Zehner S, Göttfert M, Becker A, Baena I, Blom J, Crespo-Rivas JC, Goesmann A, Jaenicke S, Krol E, McIntosh M, Margaret I, Pérez-Montaño F, Schneiker-Bekel S, Serranía J, Szczepanowski R, Buendía AM, Lloret J, Bonilla I, Pühler A, Ruiz-Sainz JE, Weidner S. The Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 Genome: A Comparative Analysis With S. fredii Strains Differing in Their Symbiotic Behavior With Soybean. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2015; 28:811-24. [PMID: 25675256 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-12-14-0397-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 is a fast-growing rhizobial strain infecting a broad range of legumes including both American and Asiatic soybeans. In this work, we present the sequencing and annotation of the HH103 genome (7.25 Mb), consisting of one chromosome and six plasmids and representing the structurally most complex sinorhizobial genome sequenced so far. Comparative genomic analyses of S. fredii HH103 with strains USDA257 and NGR234 showed that the core genome of these three strains contains 4,212 genes (61.7% of the HH103 genes). Synteny plot analysis revealed that the much larger chromosome of USDA257 (6.48 Mb) is colinear to the HH103 (4.3 Mb) and NGR324 chromosomes (3.9 Mb). An additional region of the USDA257 chromosome of about 2 Mb displays similarity to plasmid pSfHH103e. Remarkable differences exist between HH103 and NGR234 concerning nod genes, flavonoid effect on surface polysaccharide production, and quorum-sensing systems. Furthermore a number of protein secretion systems have been found. Two genes coding for putative type III-secreted effectors not previously described in S. fredii, nopI and gunA, have been located on the HH103 genome. These differences could be important to understand the different symbiotic behavior of S. fredii strains HH103, USDA257, and NGR234 with soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- José-María Vinardell
- 1 Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla. Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, C.P. 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Sebastián Acosta-Jurado
- 1 Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla. Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, C.P. 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Susanne Zehner
- 2 Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Genetik, Helmholtzstrasse 10, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Göttfert
- 2 Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Genetik, Helmholtzstrasse 10, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anke Becker
- 3 LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO) and Faculty of Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Irene Baena
- 4 Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Darwin 2, 28049-Madrid, Spain
| | - Jochem Blom
- 5 Centrum für Biotechnologie (CeBiTec), Universität Bielefeld, Universitaetsstr. 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Juan Carlos Crespo-Rivas
- 1 Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla. Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, C.P. 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Alexander Goesmann
- 5 Centrum für Biotechnologie (CeBiTec), Universität Bielefeld, Universitaetsstr. 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Sebastian Jaenicke
- 5 Centrum für Biotechnologie (CeBiTec), Universität Bielefeld, Universitaetsstr. 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Elizaveta Krol
- 3 LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO) and Faculty of Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Matthew McIntosh
- 3 LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO) and Faculty of Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Isabel Margaret
- 1 Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla. Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, C.P. 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Francisco Pérez-Montaño
- 1 Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla. Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, C.P. 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Susanne Schneiker-Bekel
- 5 Centrum für Biotechnologie (CeBiTec), Universität Bielefeld, Universitaetsstr. 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Javier Serranía
- 3 LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO) and Faculty of Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Rafael Szczepanowski
- 5 Centrum für Biotechnologie (CeBiTec), Universität Bielefeld, Universitaetsstr. 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Ana-María Buendía
- 1 Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla. Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, C.P. 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Javier Lloret
- 4 Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Darwin 2, 28049-Madrid, Spain
| | - Ildefonso Bonilla
- 4 Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Darwin 2, 28049-Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfred Pühler
- 5 Centrum für Biotechnologie (CeBiTec), Universität Bielefeld, Universitaetsstr. 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - José-Enrique Ruiz-Sainz
- 1 Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla. Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, C.P. 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Stefan Weidner
- 5 Centrum für Biotechnologie (CeBiTec), Universität Bielefeld, Universitaetsstr. 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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Gourion B, Berrabah F, Ratet P, Stacey G. Rhizobium-legume symbioses: the crucial role of plant immunity. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 20:186-94. [PMID: 25543258 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Revised: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
New research results have significantly revised our understanding of the rhizobium-legume infection process. For example, Nod factors (NFs), previously thought to be absolutely essential for this symbiosis, were shown to be dispensable under particular conditions. Similarly, an NF receptor, previously considered to be solely involved in symbiosis, was shown to function during plant pathogen infections. Indeed, there is a growing realization that plant innate immunity is a crucial component in the establishment and maintenance of symbiosis. We review here the factors involved in the suppression of plant immunity during rhizobium-legume symbiosis, and we attempt to place this information into context with the most recent and sometimes surprising research results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Gourion
- Institut des Sciences du Végétal, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Saclay Plant Sciences, Avenue de la terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France.
| | - Fathi Berrabah
- Institut des Sciences du Végétal, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Saclay Plant Sciences, Avenue de la terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France
| | - Pascal Ratet
- Institut des Sciences du Végétal, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Saclay Plant Sciences, Avenue de la terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France
| | - Gary Stacey
- Divisions of Plant Science and Biochemistry, National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, C.S. Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65203, USA
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Rodríguez-Navarro DN, Rodríguez-Carvajal MA, Acosta-Jurado S, Soto MJ, Margaret I, Crespo-Rivas JC, Sanjuan J, Temprano F, Gil-Serrano A, Ruiz-Sainz JE, Vinardell JM. Structure and biological roles of Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 exopolysaccharide. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115391. [PMID: 25521500 PMCID: PMC4270759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report that the structure of the Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 exopolysaccharide (EPS) is composed of glucose, galactose, glucuronic acid, pyruvic acid, in the ratios 5∶2∶2∶1 and is partially acetylated. A S. fredii HH103 exoA mutant (SVQ530), unable to produce EPS, not only forms nitrogen fixing nodules with soybean but also shows increased competitive capacity for nodule occupancy. Mutant SVQ530 is, however, less competitive to nodulate Vigna unguiculata. Biofilm formation was reduced in mutant SVQ530 but increased in an EPS overproducing mutant. Mutant SVQ530 was impaired in surface motility and showed higher osmosensitivity compared to its wild type strain in media containing 50 mM NaCl or 5% (w/v) sucrose. Neither S. fredii HH103 nor 41 other S. fredii strains were recognized by soybean lectin (SBL). S. fredii HH103 mutants affected in exopolysaccharides (EPS), lipopolysaccharides (LPS), cyclic glucans (CG) or capsular polysaccharides (KPS) were not significantly impaired in their soybean-root attachment capacity, suggesting that these surface polysaccharides might not be relevant in early attachment to soybean roots. These results also indicate that the molecular mechanisms involved in S. fredii attachment to soybean roots might be different to those operating in Bradyrhizobium japonicum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - María J Soto
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Isabel Margaret
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan C Crespo-Rivas
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan Sanjuan
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Temprano
- IFAPA, Centro las Torres-Tomejil, Apartado Oficial 41200, Alcalá del Río, (Sevilla), Spain
| | - Antonio Gil-Serrano
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José E Ruiz-Sainz
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José M Vinardell
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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Transcriptional regulator LsrB of Sinorhizobium meliloti positively regulates the expression of genes involved in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:5265-73. [PMID: 24951786 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01393-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizobia induce nitrogen-fixing nodules on host legumes, which is important in agriculture and ecology. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) produced by rhizobia is required for infection or bacteroid survival in host cells. Genes required for LPS biosynthesis have been identified in several Rhizobium species. However, the regulation of their expression is not well understood. Here, Sinorhizobium meliloti LsrB, a member of the LysR family of transcriptional regulators, was found to be involved in LPS biosynthesis by positively regulating the expression of the lrp3-lpsCDE operon. An lsrB in-frame deletion mutant displayed growth deficiency, sensitivity to the detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate, and acidic pH compared to the parent strain. This mutant produced slightly less LPS due to lower expression of the lrp3 operon. Analysis of the transcriptional start sites of the lrp3 and lpsCDE gene suggested that they constitute one operon. The expression of lsrB was positively autoregulated. The promoter region of lrp3 was specifically precipitated by anti-LsrB antibodies in vivo. The promoter DNA fragment containing TN11A motifs was bound by the purified LsrB protein in vitro. These new findings suggest that S. meliloti LsrB is associated with LPS biosynthesis, which is required for symbiotic nitrogen fixation on some ecotypes of alfalfa plants.
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Rich MK, Schorderet M, Reinhardt D. The role of the cell wall compartment in mutualistic symbioses of plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:238. [PMID: 24917869 PMCID: PMC4041022 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants engage in mutualistic interactions with microbes that improve their mineral nutrient supply. The most wide-spread symbiotic association is arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM), in which fungi of the order Glomeromycota invade roots and colonize the cellular lumen of cortical cells. The establishment of this interaction requires a dedicated molecular-genetic program and a cellular machinery of the plant host. This program is partially shared with the root nodule symbiosis (RNS), which involves prokaryotic partners collectively referred to as rhizobia. Both, AM and RNS are endosymbioses that involve intracellular accommodation of the microbial partner in the cells of the plant host. Since plant cells are surrounded by sturdy cell walls, root penetration and cell invasion requires mechanisms to overcome this barrier while maintaining the cytoplasm of the two partners separate during development of the symbiotic association. Here, we discuss the diverse functions of the cell wall compartment in establishment and functioning of plant symbioses with the emphasis on AM and RNS, and we describe the stages of the AM association between the model organisms Petunia hybrida and Rhizophagus irregularis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Didier Reinhardt
- Department of Biology, University of FribourgFribourg, Switzerland
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