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Saigusa R, Roy P, Freuchet A, Gulati R, Ghosheh Y, Suthahar SSA, Durant CP, Hanna DB, Kiosses WB, Orecchioni M, Wen L, Wu R, Kuniholm MH, Landay AL, Anastos K, Tien PC, Gange SJ, Kassaye S, Vallejo J, Hedrick CC, Kwok WW, Sette A, Hodis HN, Kaplan RC, Ley K. Single cell transcriptomics and TCR reconstruction reveal CD4 T cell response to MHC-II-restricted APOB epitope in human cardiovascular disease. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2022; 1:462-475. [PMID: 35990517 PMCID: PMC9383695 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-022-00063-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is accompanied by a CD4 T cell response to apolipoprotein B (APOB). Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)-II tetramers can be used to isolate antigen-specific CD4 T cells by flow sorting. Here, we produce, validate and use an MHC-II tetramer, DRB1*07:01 APOB-p18, to sort APOB-p18-specific cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples from 8 DRB1*07:01+ women with and without subclinical cardiovascular disease (sCVD). Single cell RNA sequencing showed that transcriptomes of tetramer+ cells were between regulatory and memory T cells in healthy women and moved closer to memory T cells in women with sCVD. TCR sequencing of tetramer+ cells showed clonal expansion and V and J segment usage similar to those found in regulatory T cells. These findings suggest that APOB-specific regulatory T cells may switch to a more memory-like phenotype in women with atherosclerosis. Mouse studies showed that such switched cells promote atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Payel Roy
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Rishab Gulati
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yanal Ghosheh
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | - David B. Hanna
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Lai Wen
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Runpei Wu
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mark H. Kuniholm
- University at Albany, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Alan L. Landay
- Rush University Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kathryn Anastos
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology & Population Health, Bronx NY, USA
| | - Phyllis C. Tien
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stephen J. Gange
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore MD, USA
| | - Seble Kassaye
- Georgetown University, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | - William W. Kwok
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Tetramer Core Laboratory, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Howard N. Hodis
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Departments of Medicine and Population and Public Health Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert C. Kaplan
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Bronx, NY, USA
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Public Health Sciences Division, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Klaus Ley
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
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Wang Y, Zhao Y, Ye T, Yang L, Shen Y, Li H. Ferroptosis Signaling and Regulators in Atherosclerosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:809457. [PMID: 34977044 PMCID: PMC8716792 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.809457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a major cause of cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease, heart failure and stroke. Abnormal lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and inflammation are the main features of AS. Ferroptosis is an iron-driven programmed cell death characterized by lipid peroxidation, which have been proved to participate in the development and progression of AS by different signal pathways. NRF2-Keap1 pathway decreases ferroptosis associated with AS by maintaining cellular iron homeostasis, increasing the production glutathione, GPX4 and NADPH. The p53 plays different roles in ferroptosis at different stages of AS in a transcription-dependent and transcription- independent manner. The Hippo pathway is involved in progression of AS, which has been proved the activation of ferroptosis. Other transcription factors, such as ATF3, ATF4, STAT3, also involved in the occurrence of ferroptosis and AS. Certain proteins or enzymes also have a regulatory role in AS and ferroptosis. In this paper, we review the mechanism of ferroptosis and its important role in AS in an attempt to find a new relationship between ferroptosis and AS and provide new ideas for the future treatment of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yajie Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ting Ye
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Liming Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, China
| | - Yanna Shen
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Jiao W, Bai M, Yin H, Liu J, Sun J, Su X, Zeng H, Wen J. Therapeutic Effects of an Inhibitor of Thioredoxin Reductase on Liver Fibrosis by Inhibiting the Transforming Growth Factor-β1/Smads Pathway. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:690170. [PMID: 34540892 PMCID: PMC8440796 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.690170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is an important stage in the progression of liver injury into cirrhosis or even liver cancer. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are induced by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) to produce α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagens in liver fibrosis. Butaselen (BS), which was previously synthesized by our group, is an organic selenium compound that exerts antioxidant and tumor cell apoptosis–promoting effects by inhibiting the thioredoxin (Trx)/thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) system. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential effects of BS on liver fibrosis and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of its action. Liver fibrosis models were established using male BALB/c mice through intraperitoneal injection of CCl4. BS was administered orally once daily at a dose of 36, 90, or 180 mg/kg. Silymarin (Si), which is a drug used for patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, was administered at a dose of 30 mg/kg per day as a control. The action mechanisms of BS against liver fibrosis progression were examined in HSCs. The study revealed that the activity and expression levels of TrxR were elevated in the mouse liver and serum after CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. Oral administration of BS relieved the pathological state of mice with liver fibrosis, showing significant therapeutic effects against liver fibrosis. Moreover, BS not only induced HSC apoptosis but also inhibited the production of α-SMA and collagens by HSCs by downregulating the TGF-β1 expression and blocking the TGF-β1/Smads pathway. The results of the study indicated that BS inhibited liver fibrosis by regulating the TGF-β1/Smads pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxuan Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Man Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Department of Cell Biology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hanwei Yin
- Shanghai Yuanxi Medicine Corp, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayi Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Su
- Department of Cell Biology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Huihui Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhua Wen
- Department of Cell Biology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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Helicobacter pylori Infection Acts Synergistically with a High-Fat Diet in the Development of a Proinflammatory and Potentially Proatherogenic Endothelial Cell Environment in an Experimental Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073394. [PMID: 33806236 PMCID: PMC8037564 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Classic atherosclerosis risk factors do not explain all cases of chronic heart disease. There is significant evidence that gut microbiota may influence the development of atherosclerosis. The widespread prevalence of chronic Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori, HP) infections suggests that HP can be the source of components that stimulate local and systemic inflammatory responses. Elevated production of reactive oxygen species during HP infection leads to cholesterol oxidation, which drives atherogenesis. The aim of this study is to explore the link between persistent HP infection and a high-fat diet in the development of proinflammatory conditions that are potentially proatherogenic. An in vivo model of Caviae porcellus infected with HP and exposed to an experimental diet was investigated for the occurrence of a proinflammatory and proatherogenic endothelial environment. Vascular endothelial primary cells exposed to HP components were tested in vitro for oxidative stress, cell activation and apoptosis. The infiltration of inflammatory cells into the vascular endothelium of animals infected with HP and exposed to a high-fat diet was observed in conjunction with an increased level of inflammatory markers systemically. The arteries of such animals were the least elastic, suggesting the role of HP in arterial stiffness. Soluble HP components induced transformation of macrophages to foam cells in vitro and influenced the endothelial life span, which was correlated with Collagen I upregulation. These preliminary results support the hypothesis that HP antigens act synergistically with a high-fat diet in the development of proatherogenic conditions.
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Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Atherosclerosis Development and Treatment. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9030060. [PMID: 32245238 PMCID: PMC7150948 DOI: 10.3390/biology9030060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis can be regarded as chronic inflammatory disease affecting the arterial wall. Despite the recent progress in studying the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, some of the pathogenic mechanisms remain to be fully understood. Among these mechanisms is oxidative stress, which is closely linked to foam cells formation and other key events in atherosclerosis development. Two groups of enzymes are involved in the emergence of oxidative stress: Pro-oxidant (including NADPH oxidases, xanthine oxidases, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase) and antioxidant (such as superoxide dismutase, catalases, and thioredoxins). Pro-oxidant enzymes in normal conditions produce moderate concentrations of reactive oxidant species that play an important role in cell functioning and can be fully utilized by antioxidant enzymes. Under pathological conditions, activities of both pro-oxidant and antioxidant enzymes can be modified by numerous factors that can be relevant for developing novel therapies. Recent studies have explored potential therapeutic properties of antioxidant molecules that are capable to eliminate oxidative damage. However, the results of these studies remain controversial. Other perspective approach is to inhibit the activity of pro-oxidant enzymes and thus to slow down the progression of atherosclerosis. In this review we summarized the current knowledge on oxidative stress in atherosclerosis and potential antioxidant approaches. We discuss several important antioxidant molecules of plant origin that appear to be promising for treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Maruf A, Wang Y, Yin T, Huang J, Wang N, Durkan C, Tan Y, Wu W, Wang G. Atherosclerosis Treatment with Stimuli-Responsive Nanoagents: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1900036. [PMID: 30945462 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the root of approximately one-third of global mortalities. Nanotechnology exhibits splendid prospects to combat atherosclerosis at the molecular level by engineering smart nanoagents with versatile functionalizations. Significant advances in nanoengineering enable nanoagents to autonomously navigate in the bloodstream, escape from biological barriers, and assemble with their nanocohort at the targeted lesion. The assembly of nanoagents with endogenous and exogenous stimuli breaks down their shells, facilitates intracellular delivery, releases their cargo to kill the corrupt cells, and gives imaging reports. All these improvements pave the way toward personalized medicine for atherosclerosis. This review systematically summarizes the recent advances in stimuli-responsive nanoagents for atherosclerosis management and its progress in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Maruf
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationState and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular ImplantsBioengineering College of Chongqing University Chongqing 400030 China
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationState and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular ImplantsBioengineering College of Chongqing University Chongqing 400030 China
| | - Tieyin Yin
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationState and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular ImplantsBioengineering College of Chongqing University Chongqing 400030 China
| | - Junli Huang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationState and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular ImplantsBioengineering College of Chongqing University Chongqing 400030 China
| | - Nan Wang
- The Nanoscience CentreUniversity of Cambridge Cambridge CB3 0FF UK
| | - Colm Durkan
- The Nanoscience CentreUniversity of Cambridge Cambridge CB3 0FF UK
| | - Youhua Tan
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong SAR 999077 China
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationState and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular ImplantsBioengineering College of Chongqing University Chongqing 400030 China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of EducationState and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular ImplantsBioengineering College of Chongqing University Chongqing 400030 China
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Wang Y, Che J, Zhao H, Tang J, Shi G. Paeoniflorin attenuates oxidized low‐density lipoprotein‐induced apoptosis and adhesion molecule expression by autophagy enhancement in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:9291-9299. [PMID: 30548681 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Huaihe Hospital of Henan University Kaifeng China
| | - Jianbo Che
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Huaihe Hospital of Henan University Kaifeng China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Huaihe Hospital of Henan University Kaifeng China
| | - Jianyu Tang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Huaihe Hospital of Henan University Kaifeng China
| | - Gongning Shi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Huaihe Hospital of Henan University Kaifeng China
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Lappas M. Identification of SMAD3 as a Novel Mediator of Inflammation in Human Myometrium In Vitro. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:3140420. [PMID: 30363688 PMCID: PMC6180979 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3140420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth remains the primary cause of early neonatal death and is a major determinant for long-term health consequences. Aberrant intrauterine inflammation and infection are known to augment the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines and induce uterine contractions, which can subsequently lead to preterm birth. The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily members regulate numerous cellular processes through the activation of intracellular mediators known as mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (SMADs). Studies in nongestational tissues have shown that SMAD3 plays a role in immune regulation and inflammation; however, its role in human labour remains unknown. Thus, the present study aimed at (i) characterising the expression of SMAD3 in the human myometrium; (ii) determining the effect of bacterial and viral products and proinflammatory cytokines on SMAD3 transcriptional activity in primary human myometrial cells; and (iii) investigating the effect of SMAD3 siRNA knockdown on the production of prolabour mediators in primary human myometrial cells. Phosphorylated (i.e., active) SMAD3 protein expression was lower in the myometrium after spontaneous term labour compared to the myometrium from nonlabouring women. Using a luciferase assay, the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF, and viral analogue polyinosinic : polycytidylic acid (poly(I : C)) significantly reduced SMAD3 transcriptional activity in human primary myometrial cells. Loss-of-function studies found that SMAD3 knockdown in myometrial cells significantly increased IL-1β- and poly(I : C)-induced proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1A, IL-6), chemokines (IL-8, MCP-1), the adhesion molecule ICAM-1, COX-2 mRNA expression, and subsequent PGF2α release. In conclusion, SMAD3 deficiency is associated with increased production of proinflammatory and prolabour mediators in the human myometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Lappas
- Obstetrics, Nutrition, and Endocrinology Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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McCurdy S, Liu CA, Yap J, Boisvert WA. Potential role of IL-37 in atherosclerosis. Cytokine 2017; 122:154169. [PMID: 28988706 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
IL-37 is a member of the IL-1 family, but unlike most other members of this family of cytokines, it has wide-ranging anti-inflammatory properties. Initially shown to bind IL-18 binding protein and prevent IL-18-mediated inflammation, its known role has been expanded to include distinct pathways, both intracellular involving the transcription factor Smad3, and extracellular via binding to the orphan receptor IL-1R8. A number of recent publications investigating the role of IL-37 in atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease have revealed promising therapeutic value of the cytokine. Although research concerning the role of IL-37 and its mechanism in atherosclerosis is relatively scant, there are a number of well-known atherosclerotic processes that this cytokine can mediate with the potential of modulating the disease progression itself. This review will probe in detail the effects of IL-37 on important pathological processes such as inflammation, dysregulated lipid metabolism, and apoptosis, by analyzing existing data as well as exploring the potential of this cytokine to influence these properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara McCurdy
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Chloe A Liu
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Jonathan Yap
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - William A Boisvert
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States; Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Atherosclerosis is now considered a chronic inflammatory disease. Oxidative stress induced by generation of excess reactive oxygen species has emerged as a critical, final common mechanism in atherosclerosis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a group of small reactive molecules that play critical roles in the regulation of various cell functions and biological processes. Although essential for vascular homeostasis, uncontrolled production of ROS is implicated in vascular injury. Endogenous anti-oxidants function as checkpoints to avoid these untoward consequences of ROS, and an imbalance in the oxidant/anti-oxidant mechanisms leads to a state of oxidative stress. In this review, we discuss the role of ROS and anti-oxidant mechanisms in the development and progression of atherosclerosis, the role of oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and highlight potential anti-oxidant therapeutic strategies relevant to atherosclerosis. RECENT FINDINGS There is growing evidence on how traditional risk factors translate into oxidative stress and contribute to atherosclerosis. Clinical trials evaluating anti-oxidant supplements had failed to improve atherosclerosis. Current studies focus on newer ROS scavengers that specifically target mitochondrial ROS, newer nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems, gene therapies, and anti-miRNAs. Synthetic LOX-1 modulators that inhibit the effects of Ox-LDL are currently in development. Research over the past few decades has led to identification of multiple ROS generating systems that could potentially be modulated in atherosclerosis. Therapeutic approaches currently being used for atheroslcerotic vascular disease such as aspirin, statins, and renin-angiotensin system inhibitors exert a pleiotropic antioxidative effects. There is ongoing research to identify novel therapeutic modalities to selectively target oxidative stress in atherosclerosis.
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Thioredoxin attenuates oxidized low-density lipoprotein induced oxidative stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells by reducing NADPH oxidase activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 490:1326-1333. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Jakobs P, Serbulea V, Leitinger N, Eckers A, Haendeler J. Nuclear Factor (Erythroid-Derived 2)-Like 2 and Thioredoxin-1 in Atherosclerosis and Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in the Heart. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:630-644. [PMID: 27923281 PMCID: PMC5397216 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Redox signaling is one of the key elements involved in cardiovascular diseases. Two important molecules are the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and the oxidoreductase thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1). Recent Advances: During the previous years, a lot of studies investigated Nrf2 and Trx-1 as protective proteins in cardiovascular disorders. Moreover, post-translational modifications of those molecules were identified that play an important role in the cardiovascular system. This review will summarize changes in the vasculature in atherosclerosis and ischemia reperfusion injury of the heart and the newest findings achieved with Nrf2 and Trx-1 therein. Interestingly, Nrf2 and Trx-1 can act together as well as independently of each other in protection against atherosclerosis and ischemia and reperfusion injury. CRITICAL ISSUES In principle, pharmacological activation of a transcription factor-like Nrf2 can be dangerous, since a transcription regulator has multiple targets and the pleiotropic effects of such activation should not be ignored. Moreover, overactivation of Nrf2 as well as long-term treatment with Trx-1 could be deleterious for the cardiovascular system. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Therefore, the length of treatment with Nrf2 activators and/or Trx-1 has first to be studied in more detail in cardiovascular disorders. Moreover, a combination of Nrf2 activators and Trx-1 should be investigated and taken into consideration. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 630-644.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Jakobs
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Vlad Serbulea
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Norbert Leitinger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Anna Eckers
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Judith Haendeler
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany
- Central Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
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13
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Hu X, Fernandes J, Jones DP, Go YM. Cadmium stimulates myofibroblast differentiation and mouse lung fibrosis. Toxicology 2017; 383:50-56. [PMID: 28341147 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that Cd at levels found in the human diet can cause oxidative stress and activate redox-sensitive transcription factors in inflammatory signaling. Following inflammation, tissue repair often involves activation of redox-sensitive transcription factors in fibroblasts. In lungs, epithelial barrier remodeling is required to restore gas exchange and barrier function, and aberrant myofibroblast differentiation leads to pulmonary fibrosis. Contributions of exogenous exposures, such as dietary Cd, to pulmonary fibrosis remain incompletely defined. In the current study, we tested whether Cd activates fibrotic signaling in human fetal lung fibroblasts (HFLF) at micromolar and submicromolar Cd concentrations that do not cause cell death. Exposure of HFLF to low-dose Cd (≤1.0μM) caused an increase in stress fibers and increased protein levels of myofibroblast differentiation markers, including α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and extra-domain-A-containing fibronectin (ED-A-FN). Assay of transcription factor (TF) activity using a 45-TF array showed that Cd increased activity of 12 TF, including SMAD2/3/4 (mothers against decapentaplegic homolog) signaling differentiation and fibrosis. Results were confirmed by real-time PCR and supported by increased expression of target genes of SMAD2/3/4. Immunocytochemistry of lungs of mice exposed to low-dose Cd (0.3 and 1.0mg/L in drinking water) showed increased α-SMA protein level with lung Cd accumulation similar to lung Cd in non-smoking humans. Together, the results show that relatively low Cd exposures stimulate pulmonary fibrotic signaling and myofibroblast differentiation by activating SMAD2/3/4-dependent signaling. The results indicate that dietary Cd intake could be an important variable contributing to pulmonary fibrosis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Jolyn Fernandes
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Dean P Jones
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Young-Mi Go
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States.
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Pinoresinol Diglucoside Alleviates oxLDL-Induced Dysfunction in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:3124519. [PMID: 28042303 PMCID: PMC5155123 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3124519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Deposition of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) is one of the initiators and promoters of atherosclerosis. Eucommia lignans were shown to possess antihypertensive effects. This study aimed to investigate the effects of pinoresinol diglucoside (PD), a Eucommia lignan, on oxLDL-induced endothelial dysfunction. HUVECs were treated with oxLDL and/or PD followed by assessing radical oxygen species (ROS), apoptosis, nitrogen oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity with specific assays kits, mRNA levels with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and protein levels with western blot. PD abolished oxLDL-induced ROS and MDA production, apoptosis, upregulation of lectin-like oxidized LDL recptor-1 (LOX-1), intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM-1), and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B-cells (NF-κB), and activation of p38MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinases)/NF-κB signaling. Meanwhile, PD alleviated oxLDL-caused inhibition of SOD activity, eNOS expression, and NO production. These data demonstrated that PD was effective in protecting endothelial cells from oxLDL-caused injuries, which guarantees further investigation on the clinical benefits of PD on cardiovascular diseases.
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15
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Panieri E, Santoro MM. ROS signaling and redox biology in endothelial cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:3281-303. [PMID: 25972278 PMCID: PMC11113497 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1928-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of redox mechanisms, sources and antioxidants that control signaling events in ECs. In particular, we describe which molecules are involved in redox signaling and how they influence the relationship between ECs and other vascular component with regard to angiogenesis. Recent and new tools to investigate physiological ROS signaling will be also discussed. Such findings are providing an overview of the ROS biology relevant for endothelial cells in the context of normal and pathological angiogenic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Panieri
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo M. Santoro
- Laboratory of Endothelial Molecular Biology, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Endothelial Molecular Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Zaina S, Gonçalves I, Carmona FJ, Gomez A, Heyn H, Mollet IG, Moran S, Varol N, Esteller M. DNA methylation dynamics in human carotid plaques after cerebrovascular events. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:1835-42. [PMID: 26088578 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.305630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand whether cerebrovascular events, a major complication of atherosclerosis, are associated with any specific DNA methylation changes in the carotid plaque. APPROACH AND RESULTS We profiled the DNA methylomes of human symptomatic carotid plaques obtained from patients who had cerebrovascular events (n=19) and asymptomatic counterparts (n=19) with a high-density microarray (≈485 000 CpG sites, Illumina), and crossed DNA methylation data with RNAseq-based expression data from an independent symptomatic carotid plaque set (n=8). Few (30) CpGs showed a significant (P<0.05; absolute Delta-Beta, >0.20) differential methylation between the 2 groups. Within symptomatic carotid plaques, DNA methylation correlated significantly with postcerebrovascular event time (range, 3-45 days; r-value range, -0.926 to 0.857; P<0.05) for ≈45 000 CpGs, the vast majority of which became hypomethylated with increasing postcerebrovascular event time. Hypomethylation was not due to erasure of the gene-body and CG-poor region hypermethylation that accompany the progression of stable lesions, but rather targeted promoters and CpG islands. Noticeably, promoter hypomethylation and increased expression of genes involved in the inhibition of the inflammatory response, defense against oxidative stress, and active DNA demethylation were observed with increasing postcerebrovascular event time. Concomitantly, histological changes consistent with phagocyte-driven plaque healing were observed. CONCLUSIONS Weak changes in the DNA methylome distinguish symptomatic from asymptomatic plaques, but a widespread demethylation resulting in permissive transcriptional marks at atheroprotective gene promoters is established in plaques after a cerebrovascular event, thus mirroring previous observations that ruptured plaques tend to revert to a stable structure. The identified loci are candidate targets to accelerate the pace of carotid plaque stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Zaina
- From the Division of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, León Campus, University of Guanajuato, León, Gto., Mexico (S.Z.); Experimental Cardiovascular Research and Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden (I.G.); Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (I.G.M.); Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (F.J.C., A.G., H.H., S.M., N.V., M.E., S.Z.); Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (M.E.); and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (M.E.).
| | - Isabel Gonçalves
- From the Division of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, León Campus, University of Guanajuato, León, Gto., Mexico (S.Z.); Experimental Cardiovascular Research and Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden (I.G.); Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (I.G.M.); Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (F.J.C., A.G., H.H., S.M., N.V., M.E., S.Z.); Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (M.E.); and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (M.E.)
| | - F Javier Carmona
- From the Division of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, León Campus, University of Guanajuato, León, Gto., Mexico (S.Z.); Experimental Cardiovascular Research and Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden (I.G.); Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (I.G.M.); Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (F.J.C., A.G., H.H., S.M., N.V., M.E., S.Z.); Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (M.E.); and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (M.E.)
| | - Antonio Gomez
- From the Division of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, León Campus, University of Guanajuato, León, Gto., Mexico (S.Z.); Experimental Cardiovascular Research and Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden (I.G.); Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (I.G.M.); Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (F.J.C., A.G., H.H., S.M., N.V., M.E., S.Z.); Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (M.E.); and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (M.E.)
| | - Holger Heyn
- From the Division of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, León Campus, University of Guanajuato, León, Gto., Mexico (S.Z.); Experimental Cardiovascular Research and Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden (I.G.); Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (I.G.M.); Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (F.J.C., A.G., H.H., S.M., N.V., M.E., S.Z.); Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (M.E.); and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (M.E.)
| | - Inês G Mollet
- From the Division of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, León Campus, University of Guanajuato, León, Gto., Mexico (S.Z.); Experimental Cardiovascular Research and Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden (I.G.); Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (I.G.M.); Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (F.J.C., A.G., H.H., S.M., N.V., M.E., S.Z.); Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (M.E.); and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (M.E.)
| | - Sebastian Moran
- From the Division of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, León Campus, University of Guanajuato, León, Gto., Mexico (S.Z.); Experimental Cardiovascular Research and Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden (I.G.); Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (I.G.M.); Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (F.J.C., A.G., H.H., S.M., N.V., M.E., S.Z.); Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (M.E.); and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (M.E.)
| | - Nuray Varol
- From the Division of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, León Campus, University of Guanajuato, León, Gto., Mexico (S.Z.); Experimental Cardiovascular Research and Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden (I.G.); Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (I.G.M.); Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (F.J.C., A.G., H.H., S.M., N.V., M.E., S.Z.); Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (M.E.); and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (M.E.)
| | - Manel Esteller
- From the Division of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, León Campus, University of Guanajuato, León, Gto., Mexico (S.Z.); Experimental Cardiovascular Research and Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden (I.G.); Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden (I.G.M.); Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (F.J.C., A.G., H.H., S.M., N.V., M.E., S.Z.); Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (M.E.); and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (M.E.).
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