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Reyneveld GIJ, Savelkoul HFJ, Parmentier HK. Current Understanding of Natural Antibodies and Exploring the Possibilities of Modulation Using Veterinary Models. A Review. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2139. [PMID: 33013904 PMCID: PMC7511776 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural antibodies (NAb) are defined as germline encoded immunoglobulins found in individuals without (known) prior antigenic experience. NAb bind exogenous (e.g., bacterial) and self-components and have been found in every vertebrate species tested. NAb likely act as a first-line immune defense against infections. A large part of NAb, so called natural autoantibodies (NAAb) bind to and clear (self) neo-epitopes, apoptotic, and necrotic cells. Such self-binding antibodies cannot, however, be considered as pathogenic autoantibodies in the classical sense. IgM and IgG NAb and NAAb and their implications in health and disease are relatively well-described in humans and mice. NAb are present in veterinary (and wildlife) species, but their relation with diseases and disorders in veterinary species are much less known. Also, there is little known of IgA NAb. IgA is the most abundant immunoglobulin with essential pro-inflammatory and homeostatic properties urging for more research on the importance of IgA NAb. Since NAb in humans were indicated to fulfill important functions in health and disease, their role in health of veterinary species should be investigated more often. Furthermore, it is unknown whether levels of NAb-isotypes and/or idiotypes can and should be modulated. Veterinary species as models of choice fill in a niche between mice and (non-human) primates, and the study of NAb in veterinary species may provide valuable new insights that will likely improve health management. Below, examples of the involvement of NAb in several diseases in mostly humans are shown. Possibilities of intravenous immunoglobulin administration, targeted immunotherapy, immunization, diet, and genetic modulation are discussed, all of which could be well-studied using animal models. Arguments are given why veterinary immunology should obtain inspiration from human studies and why human immunology would benefit from veterinary models. Within the One Health concept, findings from veterinary (and wildlife) studies can be related to human studies and vice versa so that both fields will mutually benefit. This will lead to a better understanding of NAb: their origin, activation mechanisms, and their implications in health and disease, and will lead to novel health management strategies for both human and veterinary species.
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Affiliation(s)
- G IJsbrand Reyneveld
- Faculty of Science, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Huub F J Savelkoul
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Henk K Parmentier
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
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Eco-Epidemiological Evidence of the Transmission of Avian and Human Influenza A Viruses in Wild Pigs in Campeche, Mexico. Viruses 2020; 12:v12050528. [PMID: 32403268 PMCID: PMC7291264 DOI: 10.3390/v12050528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza, a zoonosis caused by various influenza A virus subtypes, affects a wide range of species, including humans. Pig cells express both sialyl-α-2,3-Gal and sialyl-α-2,6-Gal receptors, which make them susceptible to infection by avian and human viruses, respectively. To date, it is not known whether wild pigs in Mexico are affected by influenza virus subtypes, nor whether this would make them a potential risk of influenza transmission to humans. In this work, 61 hogs from two municipalities in Campeche, Mexico, were sampled. Hemagglutination inhibition assays were performed in 61 serum samples, and positive results were found for human H1N1 (11.47%), swine H1N1 (8.19%), and avian H5N2 (1.63%) virus variants. qRT-PCR assays were performed on the nasal swab, tracheal, and lung samples, and 19.67% of all hogs were positive to these assays. An avian H5N2 virus, first reported in 1994, was identified by sequencing. Our results demonstrate that wild pigs are participating in the exposure, transmission, maintenance, and possible diversification of influenza viruses in fragmented habitats, highlighting the synanthropic behavior of this species, which has been poorly studied in Mexico.
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Whiteman JP, Harlow HJ, Durner GM, Regehr EV, Amstrup SC, Ben-David M. Heightened Immune System Function in Polar Bears Using Terrestrial Habitats. Physiol Biochem Zool 2019; 92:1-11. [DOI: 10.1086/698996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Cheynel L, Douhard F, Gilot-Fromont E, Rey B, Débias F, Pardonnet S, Carbillet J, Verheyden H, Hewison AJM, Pellerin M, Gaillard JM, Lemaître JF. Does body growth impair immune function in a large herbivore? Oecologia 2018; 189:55-68. [PMID: 30470888 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-018-4310-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
According to the principle of allocation, trade-offs are inevitable when resources allocated to one biological function are no longer available for other functions. Growth, and to a lesser extent, immunity are energetically costly functions that may compete with allocation to reproductive success and survival. However, whether high allocation to growth impairs immune system development during the growing period or immune system performance during adulthood is currently unknown in wild mammals. Using three roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) populations experiencing contrasting environmental conditions, we tested for potential costs of growth on immune phenotype over both the short-term (during growth), and the long-term (during adulthood) over the course of an individuals' life. We investigated potential costs on a set of 12 immune traits that reflect both innate and adaptive responses, and compared them between sexes and populations. Although fast growth tended to be associated with low levels of some humoral traits (globulins) during the growing period and some cellular immune traits (i.e. eosinophil and neutrophil counts) during adulthood, evidence for a trade-off between growth and other immune components was limited. Unexpectedly, no detectable growth costs on immunity were found in females from the population experiencing the least favourable environment. We discuss our findings in the light of the complex interplay between resource allocation strategies among reproduction, maintenance and immunity, in relation to local environmental conditions experienced by roe deer.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cheynel
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5558, Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
| | - F Douhard
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, INP-ENVT, 31320, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - E Gilot-Fromont
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5558, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Marcy-l'Etoile, France
| | - B Rey
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5558, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - F Débias
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5558, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - S Pardonnet
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5558, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - J Carbillet
- CEFS, Université de Toulouse, INRA, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - H Verheyden
- CEFS, Université de Toulouse, INRA, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - A J M Hewison
- CEFS, Université de Toulouse, INRA, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - M Pellerin
- Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Centre National de Recherches Appliquées sur les Cervidés-Sanglier, Bar-le-Duc, France
| | - J-M Gaillard
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5558, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - J-F Lemaître
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5558, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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Greives TJ, Dochtermann NA, Stewart EC. Estimating heritable genetic contributions to innate immune and endocrine phenotypic correlations: A need to explore repeatability. Horm Behav 2017; 88:106-111. [PMID: 27913139 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The immune system plays an important role in enhancing an individual's ability to survive in a world inhabited by pathogens and parasites. The innate immune system is regulated by processes encoded in an individual's genome, providing an avenue for selection to act on this system, as well as the phenotypic relationships generated between this system and other traits of interest. While relationships between innate immunity and endocrine traits (e.g. testosterone) have been reported often in the literature, these relationships are complex and may differ under varying environmental conditions. To better understand the relative contribution of innate immunity (or an endocrine or behavioral trait) to a phenotypic correlation with another trait, an estimation of the underlying heritable genetic variation of the trait of interest is needed. An upper level estimate of the heritability of such traits can be obtained from calculating its repeatability. We conducted a literature review to determine how often repeated samples of measures of innate immune function were conducted and repeatability estimates obtained. This review revealed a very limited number of repeatability estimates, with a large range (0.0-0.9); estimates were exclusively from livestock that have undergone strong artificial selection. This observation of the present literature suggests more work is needed in non-domesticated and free-living animals to begin to understand the underlying genetic contribution of innate immune function to phenotypic correlations of interest (e.g. testosterone and immunity) to behavioral ecologists, evolutionary physiologists and ecoimmunologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Greives
- Department of Biological Sciences and Environmental and Conservation Sciences Program, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States.
| | - Ned A Dochtermann
- Department of Biological Sciences and Environmental and Conservation Sciences Program, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Emily C Stewart
- Department of Biological Sciences and Environmental and Conservation Sciences Program, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
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Effects of environmental enrichment and regrouping on natural autoantibodies-binding danger and neural antigens in healthy pigs with different individual characteristics. Animal 2017; 11:2019-2026. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731117000635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Diagne C, Gilot-Fromont E, Cornet S, Husse L, Doucouré S, Dalecky A, Bâ K, Kane M, Niang Y, Diallo M, Sow A, Fossati-Gaschignard O, Piry S, Artige E, Sembène M, Brouat C, Charbonnel N. Contemporary variations of immune responsiveness during range expansion of two invasive rodents in Senegal. OIKOS 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.03470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Diagne
- IRD, CBGP (UMR IRD/INRA/CIRAD/Montpellier SupAgro); 755 avenue du campus Agropolis, CS 30016, FR-34988 Montferrier/Lez cedex France
- IRD, CBGP (UMR INRA/IRD/CIRAD/Montpellier SupAgro); Dakar Senegal
- Dépt de Biologie Animale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques; Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD); Fann Dakar Senegal
| | - Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont
- IRD, Laboratoire Population Environnement Développement (LPED, UMR AMU/IRD); Marseille France
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive (LBBE); Univ. de Lyon; (CNRS UMR 5558) Villeurbanne France
- Univ. de Lyon; VetAgro-sup Marcy l'Etoile France
| | - Stéphane Cornet
- IRD, CBGP (UMR IRD/INRA/CIRAD/Montpellier SupAgro); 755 avenue du campus Agropolis, CS 30016, FR-34988 Montferrier/Lez cedex France
| | - Laëtitia Husse
- IRD, CBGP (UMR INRA/IRD/CIRAD/Montpellier SupAgro); Dakar Senegal
| | - Souleymane Doucouré
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive (LBBE); Univ. de Lyon; (CNRS UMR 5558) Villeurbanne France
- Univ. de Lyon; VetAgro-sup Marcy l'Etoile France
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE-IRD); Hann Senegal
| | - Ambroise Dalecky
- IRD, CBGP (UMR IRD/INRA/CIRAD/Montpellier SupAgro); 755 avenue du campus Agropolis, CS 30016, FR-34988 Montferrier/Lez cedex France
- IRD, Laboratoire Population Environnement Développement (LPED, UMR AMU/IRD); Marseille France
| | - Khalilou Bâ
- IRD, CBGP (UMR INRA/IRD/CIRAD/Montpellier SupAgro); Dakar Senegal
| | - Mamadou Kane
- IRD, CBGP (UMR INRA/IRD/CIRAD/Montpellier SupAgro); Dakar Senegal
| | - Youssoupha Niang
- IRD, CBGP (UMR INRA/IRD/CIRAD/Montpellier SupAgro); Dakar Senegal
| | - Mamoudou Diallo
- IRD, CBGP (UMR INRA/IRD/CIRAD/Montpellier SupAgro); Dakar Senegal
| | - Aliou Sow
- IRD, CBGP (UMR INRA/IRD/CIRAD/Montpellier SupAgro); Dakar Senegal
| | - Odile Fossati-Gaschignard
- IRD, CBGP (UMR IRD/INRA/CIRAD/Montpellier SupAgro); 755 avenue du campus Agropolis, CS 30016, FR-34988 Montferrier/Lez cedex France
| | - Sylvain Piry
- INRA, CBGP (UMR IRD/INRA/CIRAD/Montpellier SupAgro), Montferrier/Lez cedex; France
| | - Emmanuelle Artige
- INRA, CBGP (UMR IRD/INRA/CIRAD/Montpellier SupAgro), Montferrier/Lez cedex; France
| | - Mbacké Sembène
- IRD, CBGP (UMR INRA/IRD/CIRAD/Montpellier SupAgro); Dakar Senegal
- Dépt de Biologie Animale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques; Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD); Fann Dakar Senegal
| | - Carine Brouat
- IRD, CBGP (UMR IRD/INRA/CIRAD/Montpellier SupAgro); 755 avenue du campus Agropolis, CS 30016, FR-34988 Montferrier/Lez cedex France
| | - Nathalie Charbonnel
- INRA, CBGP (UMR IRD/INRA/CIRAD/Montpellier SupAgro), Montferrier/Lez cedex; France
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Saubusse T, Masson JD, Le Dimma M, Abrial D, Marcé C, Martin-Schaller R, Dupire A, Le Potier MF, Rossi S. How to survey classical swine fever in wild boar (Sus scrofa) after the completion of oral vaccination? Chasing away the ghost of infection at different spatial scales. Vet Res 2016; 47:21. [PMID: 26810218 PMCID: PMC4727256 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-015-0289-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral mass vaccination (OMV) is considered as an efficient strategy for controlling classical swine fever (CSF) in wild boar. After the completion of vaccination, the presence of antibodies in 6–12 month-old hunted wild boars was expected to reflect a recent CSF circulation. Nevertheless, antibodies could also correspond to the long-lasting of maternal antibodies. This paper relates an experience of surveillance which lasted 4 years after the completion of OMV in a formerly vaccinated area, in north-eastern France (2010–2014). First, we conducted a retrospective analysis of the serological data collected in 6–12 month-old hunted wild boars from 2010 up to 2013, using a spatial Bayesian model accounting for hunting data autocorrelation and heterogeneity. At the level of the whole area, seroprevalence in juvenile boars decreased from 28% in 2010–2011 down to 1% in 2012–2013, but remained locally high (above 5%). The model revealed the existence of one particular seroprevalence hot-spot where a longitudinal survey of marked animals was conducted in 2013–2014, for deciphering the origin of antibodies. Eleven out of 107 captured piglets were seropositive when 3–4 months-old, but their antibody titres progressively decreased until 6–7 months of age. These results suggest piglets were carrying maternal antibodies, few of them carrying maternal antibodies lasting until the hunting season. Our study shows that OMV may generate confusion in the CSF surveillance several years after the completion of vaccination. We recommend using quantitative serological tools, hunting data modelling and capture approaches for better interpreting serological results after vaccination completion. Surveillance perspectives are further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Saubusse
- ONCFS, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Unité Sanitaire de la Faune, Micropolis, la Bérardie, Belle Aureille, 05000, Gap, France.
| | - Jean-Daniel Masson
- ONCFS, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Unité Sanitaire de la Faune, Micropolis, la Bérardie, Belle Aureille, 05000, Gap, France.
| | - Mireille Le Dimma
- Anses, Laboratoire de Ploufragan/Plouzané, Unité Virologie Immunologie Porcines, BP53, 22440, Ploufragan, France.
| | - David Abrial
- INRA, Unité d'Epidémiologie Animale, Theix, 63122, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.
| | - Clara Marcé
- Direction générale de l'alimentation, Bureau de la santé animale, Paris, France.
| | - Regine Martin-Schaller
- Direction départementale de la protection des populations du Bas-Rhin, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Anne Dupire
- Direction départementale de la protection des populations de la Moselle, Metz, France.
| | - Marie-Frédérique Le Potier
- Anses, Laboratoire de Ploufragan/Plouzané, Unité Virologie Immunologie Porcines, BP53, 22440, Ploufragan, France.
| | - Sophie Rossi
- ONCFS, Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Unité Sanitaire de la Faune, Micropolis, la Bérardie, Belle Aureille, 05000, Gap, France.
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9
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Owen JP, Waite JL, Holden KZ, Clayton DH. Does antibody binding to diverse antigens predict future infection? Parasite Immunol 2014; 36:573-84. [DOI: 10.1111/pim.12141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. P. Owen
- Department of Entomology; Washington State University; Pullman WA USA
| | - J. L. Waite
- Department of Biology; University of Utah; Salt Lake City UT USA
| | - K. Z. Holden
- Department of Entomology; Washington State University; Pullman WA USA
| | - D. H. Clayton
- Department of Biology; University of Utah; Salt Lake City UT USA
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