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Cheynel L, Douhard F, Gilot-Fromont E, Rey B, Débias F, Pardonnet S, Carbillet J, Verheyden H, Hewison AJM, Pellerin M, Gaillard JM, Lemaître JF. Does body growth impair immune function in a large herbivore? Oecologia 2018; 189:55-68. [PMID: 30470888 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-018-4310-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
According to the principle of allocation, trade-offs are inevitable when resources allocated to one biological function are no longer available for other functions. Growth, and to a lesser extent, immunity are energetically costly functions that may compete with allocation to reproductive success and survival. However, whether high allocation to growth impairs immune system development during the growing period or immune system performance during adulthood is currently unknown in wild mammals. Using three roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) populations experiencing contrasting environmental conditions, we tested for potential costs of growth on immune phenotype over both the short-term (during growth), and the long-term (during adulthood) over the course of an individuals' life. We investigated potential costs on a set of 12 immune traits that reflect both innate and adaptive responses, and compared them between sexes and populations. Although fast growth tended to be associated with low levels of some humoral traits (globulins) during the growing period and some cellular immune traits (i.e. eosinophil and neutrophil counts) during adulthood, evidence for a trade-off between growth and other immune components was limited. Unexpectedly, no detectable growth costs on immunity were found in females from the population experiencing the least favourable environment. We discuss our findings in the light of the complex interplay between resource allocation strategies among reproduction, maintenance and immunity, in relation to local environmental conditions experienced by roe deer.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cheynel
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5558, Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
| | - F Douhard
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, INP-ENVT, 31320, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - E Gilot-Fromont
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5558, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Marcy-l'Etoile, France
| | - B Rey
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5558, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - F Débias
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5558, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - S Pardonnet
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5558, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - J Carbillet
- CEFS, Université de Toulouse, INRA, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - H Verheyden
- CEFS, Université de Toulouse, INRA, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - A J M Hewison
- CEFS, Université de Toulouse, INRA, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - M Pellerin
- Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Centre National de Recherches Appliquées sur les Cervidés-Sanglier, Bar-le-Duc, France
| | - J-M Gaillard
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5558, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - J-F Lemaître
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5558, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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Cheynel L, Lemaître JF, Gaillard JM, Rey B, Bourgoin G, Ferté H, Jégo M, Débias F, Pellerin M, Jacob L, Gilot-Fromont E. Immunosenescence patterns differ between populations but not between sexes in a long-lived mammal. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13700. [PMID: 29057949 PMCID: PMC5651810 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13686-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In animals, physiological mechanisms underlying reproductive and actuarial senescence remain poorly understood. Immunosenescence, the decline in the ability to display an efficient immune response with increasing age, is likely to influence both reproductive and actuarial senescence through increased risk of disease. Evidence for such a link has been reported from laboratory animal models but has been poorly investigated in the wild, where variation in resource acquisitions usually drives life-history trade-offs. We investigated immunosenescence patterns over 7 years in both sexes of two contrasting roe deer populations (Capreolus capreolus). We first measured twelve immune markers to obtain a thorough identification of innate and adaptive components of immunity and assessed, from the same individuals, the age-dependent variation observed in parasitic infections. Although the level of innate traits was maintained at old age, the functional innate immune traits declined with increasing age in one of two populations. In both populations, the production of inflammatory markers increased with advancing age. Finally, the adaptive response declined in late adulthood. The increasing parasite burden with age we reported suggests the effective existence of immunosenescence. Age-specific patterns differed between populations but not between sexes, which indicate that habitat quality could shape age-dependent immune phenotype in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cheynel
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1; CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - J-F Lemaître
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1; CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - J-M Gaillard
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1; CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - B Rey
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1; CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - G Bourgoin
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1; CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Marcy-l'Etoile, France
| | - H Ferté
- EA 4688 "VECPAR", UFR Pharmacie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - M Jégo
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1; CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - F Débias
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1; CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - M Pellerin
- Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Centre National de Recherches Appliquées sur les Cervidés-Sanglier, Bar-le-Duc, France
| | - L Jacob
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1; CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - E Gilot-Fromont
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1; CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Marcy-l'Etoile, France
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Payne A, Chappa S, Hars J, Dufour B, Gilot-Fromont E. Wildlife visits to farm facilities assessed by camera traps in a bovine tuberculosis-infected area in France. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-015-0970-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Rossi S, Viarouge C, Faure E, Gilot-Fromont E, Gache K, Gibert P, Verheyden H, Hars J, Klein F, Maillard D, Gauthier D, Game Y, Pozet F, Sailleau C, Garnier A, Zientara S, Bréard E. Exposure of Wildlife to the Schmallenberg Virus in France (2011-2014): Higher, Faster, Stronger (than Bluetongue)! Transbound Emerg Dis 2015; 64:354-363. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Rossi
- French Agency for Wildlife and Hunting (ONCFS); Unité sanitaire de la faune; St Benoist France
| | - C. Viarouge
- French Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES); Laboratoire de santé animale; Maisons-Alfort France
| | - E. Faure
- Fédération Nationale des Chasseurs; Issy-les-Moulineaux France
| | - E. Gilot-Fromont
- Université de Lyon; VetAgroSup; Marcy l'Etoile France
- UMR 5558 LBBE; Villeurbanne France
| | - K. Gache
- National animal health farmers'organisation (GDS France); Paris France
| | - P. Gibert
- French Agency for Wildlife and Hunting (ONCFS); Cnera faune de montagne; Montpellier France
| | - H. Verheyden
- INRA; Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage; Castanet-Tolosan France
| | - J. Hars
- French Agency for Wildlife and Hunting (ONCFS); Unité sanitaire de la faune; St Benoist France
| | - F. Klein
- French Agency for Wildlife and Hunting (ONCFS); Cnera cervidés sanglier; St Benoist France
| | - D. Maillard
- French Agency for Wildlife and Hunting (ONCFS); Cnera faune de montagne; Montpellier France
| | - D. Gauthier
- Laboratoire vétérinaire départemental d'analyses et d'hygiène alimentaire des Hautes Alpes; Gap France
| | - Y. Game
- Laboratoire vétérinaire départemental d'analyses de la Savoie; Bassens France
| | - F. Pozet
- Laboratoire départemental d'analyses du Jura; Poligny France
| | - C. Sailleau
- French Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES); Laboratoire de santé animale; Maisons-Alfort France
| | - A. Garnier
- French Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES); Laboratoire de santé animale; Maisons-Alfort France
| | - S. Zientara
- French Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES); Laboratoire de santé animale; Maisons-Alfort France
| | - E. Bréard
- French Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES); Laboratoire de santé animale; Maisons-Alfort France
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Jégo M, Lemaître JF, Bourgoin G, Capron G, Warnant C, Klein F, Gilot-Fromont E, Gaillard JM. Haematological parameters do senesce in the wild: evidence from different populations of a long-lived mammal. J Evol Biol 2014; 27:2745-52. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Jégo
- Université de Lyon; Université Lyon 1; UMR CNRS 5558; Villeurbanne Cedex France
- Université de Lyon; VetAgroSup; Marcy-l'Étoile France
| | - J.-F. Lemaître
- Université de Lyon; Université Lyon 1; UMR CNRS 5558; Villeurbanne Cedex France
| | - G. Bourgoin
- Université de Lyon; Université Lyon 1; UMR CNRS 5558; Villeurbanne Cedex France
- Université de Lyon; VetAgroSup; Marcy-l'Étoile France
| | - G. Capron
- Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage; Centre National de Recherches Appliquées sur les Cervidés-Sanglier; Bar-le-Duc France
| | - C. Warnant
- Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage; Centre National de Recherches Appliquées sur les Cervidés-Sanglier; Bar-le-Duc France
| | - F. Klein
- Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage; Centre National de Recherches Appliquées sur les Cervidés-Sanglier; Bar-le-Duc France
| | - E. Gilot-Fromont
- Université de Lyon; Université Lyon 1; UMR CNRS 5558; Villeurbanne Cedex France
- Université de Lyon; VetAgroSup; Marcy-l'Étoile France
| | - J-M. Gaillard
- Université de Lyon; Université Lyon 1; UMR CNRS 5558; Villeurbanne Cedex France
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des Roches ADB, Veissier I, Coignard M, Bareille N, Guatteo R, Capdeville J, Gilot-Fromont E, Mounier L. The major welfare problems of dairy cows in French commercial farms: an epidemiological approach. Anim Welf 2014. [DOI: 10.7120/09627286.23.4.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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7
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Jégo M, Ferté H, Gaillard J, Klein F, Crespin L, Gilot-Fromont E, Bourgoin G. A comparison of the physiological status in parasitized roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) from two different populations. Vet Parasitol 2014; 205:717-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Artois M, Blancou J, Dupeyroux O, Gilot-Fromont E. Sustainable control of zoonotic pathogens in wildlife: how to be fair to wild animals? REV SCI TECH OIE 2011; 30:733-43. [PMID: 22435186 DOI: 10.20506/rst.30.3.2069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Artois
- Université de Lyon, Campus vétérinaire de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, 1, avenue Bourgelat, 69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France.
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Lélu M, Langlais M, Poulle ML, Gilot-Fromont E. Transmission dynamics of Toxoplasma gondii along an urban–rural gradient. Theor Popul Biol 2010; 78:139-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tpb.2010.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2010] [Revised: 05/21/2010] [Accepted: 05/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Richomme C, Lacour S, Ducrot C, Gilot-Fromont E, Casabianca F, Maestrini O, Vallée I, Grasset A, van der Giessen J, Boireau P. Epidemiological survey of trichinellosis in wild boar (Sus scrofa) and fox (Vulpes vulpes) in a French insular region, Corsica. Vet Parasitol 2010; 172:150-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Revised: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Aubert D, Ajzenberg D, Richomme C, Gilot-Fromont E, Terrier ME, de Gevigney C, Game Y, Maillard D, Gibert P, Dardé ML, Villena I. Molecular and biological characteristics of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from wildlife in France. Vet Parasitol 2010; 171:346-9. [PMID: 20417034 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2009] [Revised: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii isolates have been classified into 3 genetic types. Little is known about genotypes of T. gondii isolates in wild animals in Europe. In this report, genotypes of T. gondii isolates from wildlife in France are described. Sera from wildlife were tested for antibodies to T. gondii with the modified agglutination test, and the hearts from animals with titers superior or equal to 1:6 were bioassayed individually in mice. T.gondii was isolated from 9 of 14 seropositive red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), 12 of 33 roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), 1 of 4 deer (Cervus elaphus), 1 of 7 mouflons (Ovis gmelini musimon) and 1 of 2 common mallards (Anas platyrhynchos). No isolate was obtained by bioassay in mice of 1 fallow deer (Dama dama) and of 3 European brown hares (Lepus europaeus). Genotyping of the 24 isolates using PCR-RFLP and microsatellite markers indicated that all were type II and none of these Toxoplasma isolates was virulent for mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Aubert
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, EA 3800, IFR53, Centre National de Référence (CNR) Toxoplasmose/Toxoplasma Biological Resource Center (BRC), Centre Hospitalier-Universitaire de Reims, 45 Rue Cognacq Jay, F-51092 Reims, France.
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12
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Richomme C, Aubert D, Gilot-Fromont E, Ajzenberg D, Mercier A, Ducrot C, Ferté H, Delorme D, Villena I. Genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from wild boar (Sus scrofa) in France. Vet Parasitol 2009; 164:296-300. [PMID: 19592170 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2009] [Revised: 06/03/2009] [Accepted: 06/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii strains isolated from domestic animals and humans have been classified into three clonal lineages types I-III, with differences in terms of pathogenicity to mice. Much less is known on T. gondii genotypes in wild animals. In this report, genotypes of T. gondii isolated from wild boar (Sus scrofa) in France are described. During the hunting seasons 2002-2008, sera and tissues of individuals from two French regions, one continental and one insular, were tested for Toxoplasma infection. Antibodies to T. gondii were found in 26 (17.6%) of 148 wild boars using the modified agglutination test (MAT, positivity threshold: 1:24). Seroprevalence was 45.9% when considering a threshold of 1:6. Hearts of individuals with a positive agglutination (starting dilution 1:6) (n=60) were bioassayed in mice for isolation of viable T. gondii. In total, 21 isolates of T. gondii were obtained. Genotyping of the isolates using 3 PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism markers (SAG1, SAG2 and GRA7) and 6 microsatellite loci analysis (TUB2, TgM-A, W35, B17, B18 and M33) revealed that all belonged to type II lineage. These results underline that wild boar may serve as an important reservoir for transmission of T. gondii, and that strains present in wildlife may not be different from strains from the domestic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Richomme
- INRA, UR 346, Epidémiologie animale, Centre de Recherche de Clermont-Ferrand, site de Theix, F-63122 Saint Genes Champanelle, France
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13
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Gilot-Fromont E, Aubert D, Belkilani S, Hermitte P, Gibout O, Geers R, Villena I. Landscape, herd management and within-herd seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in beef cattle herds from Champagne-Ardenne, France. Vet Parasitol 2009; 161:36-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2008] [Revised: 11/29/2008] [Accepted: 12/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Afonso E, Thulliez P, Pontier D, Gilot-Fromont E. Toxoplasmosis in prey species and consequences for prevalence in feral cats: not all prey species are equal. Parasitology 2007; 134:1963-71. [PMID: 17672925 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182007003320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is largely transmitted to definitive felid hosts through predation. Not all prey species represent identical risks of infection for cats because of differences in prey susceptibility, exposure and/or lifespan. Previously published studies have shown that prevalence in rodent and lagomorph species is positively correlated with body mass. We tested the hypothesis that different prey species have different infection risks by comparing infection dynamics of feral cats at 4 sites in the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen archipelago which differed in prey availability. Cats were trapped from 1994 to 2004 and anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies were detected using the modified agglutination test (> or =1:40). Overall seroprevalence was 51.09%. Antibody prevalence differed between sites, depending on diet and also on sex, after taking into account the effect of age. Males were more often infected than females and the difference between the sexes tended to be more pronounced in the site where more prey species were available. A difference in predation efficiency between male and female cats may explain this result. Overall, our results suggest that the composition of prey items in cat diet influences the risk of T. gondii infection. Prey compositon should therefore be considered important in any understanding of infection dynamics of T. gondii.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Afonso
- Université de Lyon; Université Lyon 1; CNRS; UMR 5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, Villeurbanne F-69622, France.
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