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Schiff HV, Rivas CM, Pederson WP, Sandoval E, Gillman S, Prisco J, Kume M, Dussor G, Vagner J, Ledford JG, Price TJ, DeFea KA, Boitano S. β-Arrestin-biased proteinase-activated receptor-2 antagonist C781 limits allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:667-680. [PMID: 35735078 PMCID: PMC10311467 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Asthma is a heterogenous disease strongly associated with inflammation that has many different causes and triggers. Current asthma treatments target symptoms such as bronchoconstriction and airway inflammation. Despite recent advances in biological therapies, there remains a need for new classes of therapeutic agents with novel, upstream targets. The proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR2) has long been implicated in allergic airway inflammation and asthma and it remains an intriguing target for novel therapies. Here, we describe the actions of C781, a newly developed low MW PAR2 biased antagonist, in vitro and in vivo in the context of acute allergen exposure. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH A human bronchial epithelial cell line expressing PAR2 (16HBE14o- cells) was used to evaluate the modulation in vitro, by C781, of physiological responses to PAR2 activation and downstream β-arrestin/MAPK and Gq/Ca2+ signalling. Acute Alternaria alternata sensitized and challenged mice were used to evaluate C781 as a prophylactically administered modulator of airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammation and mucus overproduction in vivo. KEY RESULTS C781 reduced in vitro physiological signalling in response to ligand and proteinase activation. C781 effectively antagonized β-arrestin/MAPK signalling without significant effect on Gq/Ca2+ signalling in vitro. Given prophylactically, C781 modulated airway hyperresponsiveness, airway inflammation and mucus overproduction of the small airways in an acute allergen-challenged mouse model. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our work demonstrates the first biased PAR2 antagonist for β-arrestin/MAPK signalling. C781 is efficacious as a prophylactic treatment for allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation in mice. It exemplifies a key pharmacophore for PAR2 that can be optimized for clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary V. Schiff
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center
- Bio5 Collaborative Research Center, University of Arizona
| | - Candy M. Rivas
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center
- Bio5 Collaborative Research Center, University of Arizona
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona
| | - William P. Pederson
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona
| | - Estevan Sandoval
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center
- Bio5 Collaborative Research Center, University of Arizona
| | - Samuel Gillman
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center
- Bio5 Collaborative Research Center, University of Arizona
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona
| | - Joy Prisco
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center
| | - Moeno Kume
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, TX
| | - Gregory Dussor
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, TX
| | - Josef Vagner
- Bio5 Collaborative Research Center, University of Arizona
| | - Julie G. Ledford
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona
| | - Theodore J. Price
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, TX
| | - Kathryn A. DeFea
- University of California Riverside, Biomedical Sciences and PARMedics, Incorporated
| | - Scott Boitano
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona Health Sciences Center
- Bio5 Collaborative Research Center, University of Arizona
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona
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2
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Gandhi VD, Shrestha Palikhe N, Vliagoftis H. Protease-activated receptor-2: Role in asthma pathogenesis and utility as a biomarker of disease severity. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:954990. [PMID: 35966869 PMCID: PMC9372307 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.954990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PAR2, a receptor activated by serine proteases, has primarily pro-inflammatory roles in the airways and may play a role in asthma pathogenesis. PAR2 exerts its effects in the lungs through activation of a variety of airway cells, but also activation of circulating immune cells. There is evidence that PAR2 expression increases in asthma and other inflammatory diseases, although the regulation of PAR2 expression is not fully understood. Here we review the available literature on the potential role of PAR2 in asthma pathogenesis and propose a model of PAR2-mediated development of allergic sensitization. We also propose, based on our previous work, that PAR2 expression on peripheral blood monocyte subsets has the potential to serve as a biomarker of asthma severity and/or control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Dipak Gandhi
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Alberta Respiratory Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nami Shrestha Palikhe
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Alberta Respiratory Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Harissios Vliagoftis
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Alberta Respiratory Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Harissios Vliagoftis,
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3
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Kawaguchi M, Yamamoto K, Kataoka H, Izumi A, Yamashita F, Kiwaki T, Nishida T, Camerer E, Fukushima T. Protease-activated receptor-2 accelerates intestinal tumor formation through activation of nuclear factor-κB signaling and tumor angiogenesis in Apc Min/+ mice. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:1193-1202. [PMID: 31997435 PMCID: PMC7156842 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor‐1 (HAI‐1), encoded by the SPINT1 gene, is a membrane‐bound protease inhibitor expressed on the surface of epithelial cells. Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor‐1 regulates type II transmembrane serine proteases that activate protease‐activated receptor‐2 (PAR‐2). We previously reported that deletion of Spint1 in ApcMin/+ mice resulted in accelerated formation of intestinal tumors, possibly through enhanced nuclear factor‐κB signaling. In this study, we examined the role of PAR‐2 in accelerating tumor formation in the ApcMin/+ model in the presence or absence of Spint1. We observed that knockout of the F2rl1 gene, encoding PAR‐2, not only eliminated the enhanced formation of intestinal tumors caused by Spint1 deletion, but also reduced tumor formation in the presence of Spint1. Exacerbation of anemia and weight loss associated with HAI‐1 deficiency was also normalized by compound deficiency of PAR‐2. Mechanistically, signaling triggered by deregulated protease activities increased nuclear translocation of RelA/p65, vascular endothelial growth factor expression, and vascular density in ApcMin/+‐induced intestinal tumors. These results suggest that serine proteases promote intestinal carcinogenesis through activation of PAR‐2, and that HAI‐1 plays a critical tumor suppressor role as an inhibitor of matriptase, kallikreins, and other PAR‐2 activating proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Kawaguchi
- Department of Pathology, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Koji Yamamoto
- Department of Pathology, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kataoka
- Department of Pathology, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Aya Izumi
- Department of Pathology, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Fumiki Yamashita
- Department of Pathology, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Takumi Kiwaki
- Department of Pathology, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nishida
- Department of Pathology, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Eric Camerer
- Inserm U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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4
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Allard B, Levardon H, Esteves P, Celle A, Maurat E, Thumerel M, Girodet PO, Trian T, Berger P. Asthmatic Bronchial Smooth Muscle Increases CCL5-Dependent Monocyte Migration in Response to Rhinovirus-Infected Epithelium. Front Immunol 2020; 10:2998. [PMID: 31969885 PMCID: PMC6956660 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma exacerbations, a major concern in therapeutic strategies, are most commonly triggered by viral respiratory infections, particularly with human rhinovirus (HRV). Infection of bronchial epithelial (BE) cells by HRV triggers inflammation, notably monocyte recruitment. The increase of bronchial smooth muscle (BSM) mass in asthma, a hallmark of bronchial remodeling, is associated with the annual rate of exacerbations. The aim of the present study was to assess whether or not BSM could increase monocyte migration induced by HRV-infected BE. We used an advanced in vitro model of co-culture of human BE cells in air-liquid interface with human BSM cells from control and asthmatic patients. Inflammation triggered by HRV infection (HRV-16, MOI 0.1, 1 h) was assessed at 24 h with transcriptomic analysis and multiplex ELISA. In vitro CD14+ monocyte migration was evaluated with modified Boyden chamber. Results showed that HRV-induced monocyte migration was substantially increased in the co-culture model with asthmatic BSM, compared with control BSM. Furthermore, the well-known monocyte migration chemokine, CCL2, was not involved in this increased migration. However, we demonstrated that CCL5 was further increased in the asthmatic BSM co-culture and that anti-CCL5 blocking antibody significantly decreased monocyte migration induced by HRV-infected BE. Taken together, our findings highlight a new role of BSM cells in HRV-induced inflammation and provide new insights in mucosal immunology which may open new opportunities for prevention and/or treatment of asthma exacerbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Allard
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Département de Pharmacologie, CIC 1401, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, Bordeaux, France
| | - Hannah Levardon
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Département de Pharmacologie, CIC 1401, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pauline Esteves
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Département de Pharmacologie, CIC 1401, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, Bordeaux, France
| | - Alexis Celle
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Département de Pharmacologie, CIC 1401, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, Bordeaux, France
| | - Elise Maurat
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Département de Pharmacologie, CIC 1401, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, Bordeaux, France
| | - Matthieu Thumerel
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Département de Pharmacologie, CIC 1401, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, Bordeaux, France.,CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'Exploration Fonctionnelle Respiratoire, Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, CIC 1401, Pessac, France
| | - Pierre Olivier Girodet
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Département de Pharmacologie, CIC 1401, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, Bordeaux, France.,CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'Exploration Fonctionnelle Respiratoire, Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, CIC 1401, Pessac, France
| | - Thomas Trian
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Département de Pharmacologie, CIC 1401, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, Bordeaux, France
| | - Patrick Berger
- Univ-Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Département de Pharmacologie, CIC 1401, Bordeaux, France.,INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, CIC 1401, Bordeaux, France.,CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'Exploration Fonctionnelle Respiratoire, Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, CIC 1401, Pessac, France
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5
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Jacquet A, Robinson C. Proteolytic, lipidergic and polysaccharide molecular recognition shape innate responses to house dust mite allergens. Allergy 2020; 75:33-53. [PMID: 31166610 DOI: 10.1111/all.13940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
House dust mites (HDMs) are sources of an extensive repertoire of allergens responsible for a range of allergic conditions. Technological advances have accelerated the identification of these allergens and characterized their putative roles within HDMs. Understanding their functional bioactivities is illuminating how they interact with the immune system to cause disease and how interrelations between them are essential to maximize allergic responses. Two types of allergen bioactivity, namely proteolysis and peptidolipid/lipid binding, elicit IgE and stimulate bystander responses to unrelated allergens. Much of this influence arises from Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 or TLR2 signalling and, in the case of protease allergens, the activation of additional pleiotropic effectors with strong disease linkage. Of related interest is the interaction of HDM allergens with common components of the house dust matrix, through either their binding to allergens or their autonomous modulation of immune receptors. Herein, we provide a contemporary view of how proteolysis, lipid-binding activity and interactions with polysaccharides and polysaccharide molecular recognition systems coordinate the principal responses which underlie allergy. The power of the catalytically competent group 1 HDM protease allergen component is demonstrated by a review of disclosures surrounding the efficacy of novel inhibitors produced by structure-based design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Jacquet
- Center of Excellence in Vaccine Research and Development (Chula Vaccine Research Center-Chula VRC) Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Clive Robinson
- Institute for Infection and Immunity St George's, University of London London UK
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6
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Hagras MM, Kamel FO. Effect of Protease-Activated Receptor-2-Activating Peptide on Guinea Pig Airway Resistance and Isolated Tracheal Strips. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2019; 8:7-13. [PMID: 32166058 PMCID: PMC7045621 DOI: 10.4103/jmau.jmau_55_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Protease-activated receptors (PARs) are a family of G-protein-coupled receptors distributed in a number of tissues. PAR-2 is expressed on airway epithelium and smooth muscles and overexpressed under pathological conditions, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, the role of PAR-2 in airways has not yet been defined. In this study, we investigated the role of PAR-2-activating peptide (SLIGRL) on histamine-induced bronchoconstriction and the mechanisms underlying the bronchoprotective effect both in vivo and in vitro. Materials and Methods: The effect of SLIGRL was tested in vivo using histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in the guinea pig and in vitro using isolated tracheal spiral strips. Results: In vivo pretreatment with SLIGRL significantly reduced the histamine-induced increased bronchoconstriction. Neither propranolol nor vagotomy abolished the inhibitory effect of SLIGRL. Furthermore, indomethacin or glibenclamide did not antagonize the inhibitory response to SLIGRL. In isolated tracheal spiral strips in vitro, SLIGRL did not affect the contractile response to acetylcholine or potassium chloride; however, histamine-induced contraction was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: Our data demonstrate the protective effect of SLIGRL in airways; however, this effect appears to be mediated independently of prostanoids, nitric oxide, circulating adrenaline, ATP-sensitive K + channels, and vagal stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda M Hagras
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Fatemah O Kamel
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Elieh Ali Komi D, Bjermer L. Mast Cell-Mediated Orchestration of the Immune Responses in Human Allergic Asthma: Current Insights. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2019; 56:234-247. [PMID: 30506113 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-018-8720-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Improving the lung function after experimental allergen challenge by blocking of mast cell (MC) mediators and the capability of MC mediators (including histamine, prostaglandin (PG) D2, and leukotriene (LT) C4) in induction of mucosal edema, bronchoconstriction, and mucus secretion provide evidence that MCs play a key role in pathophysiology of asthma. In asthma, the number of MCs increases in the airways and infiltration of MCs in a variety of anatomical sites including the epithelium, the submucosal glands, and the smooth muscle bundles occurs. MC localization within the ASM is accompanied with the hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the layer, and smooth muscle dysfunction that is mainly observed in forms of bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and variable airflow obstruction. Owing to the expression of a wide range of surface receptors and releasing various cytoplasmic mediators, MCs orchestrate the pathologic events of the disease. MC-released preformed mediators including chymase, tryptase, and histamine and de novo synthesized mediators such as PGD2, LTC4, and LTE4 in addition of cytokines mainly TGFβ1, TSLP, IL-33, IL-4, and IL-13 participate in pathogenesis of asthma. The release of MC mediators and MC/airway cell interactions during remodeling phase of asthma results in persistent cellular and structural changes in the airway wall mainly epithelial cell shedding, goblet cell hyperplasia, hypertrophy of ASM bundles, fibrosis in subepithelial region, abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), increased tissue vascularity, and basement membrane thickening. We will review the current knowledge regarding the participation of MCs in each stage of asthma pathophysiology including the releasing mediators and their mechanism of action, expression of receptors by which they respond to stimuli, and finally the pharmaceutical products designed based on the strategy of blocking MC activation and mediator release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Elieh Ali Komi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leif Bjermer
- Department of Respiratory Medicine & Allergology, Inst for Clinical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
- Lung and Allergy Research, Skane University Hospital, Lasarettsgatan 7, 22185, Lund, Sweden.
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8
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Zhang J, Chen J, Robinson C. Cellular and Molecular Events in the Airway Epithelium Defining the Interaction Between House Dust Mite Group 1 Allergens and Innate Defences. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3549. [PMID: 30423826 PMCID: PMC6274810 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Serodominant group 1 allergens of house dust mites (HDMs) are cysteine protease digestive enzymes. By increasing the detection of any allergen by dendritic antigen presenting cells, upregulating inflammatory signalling molecules, and activating cells crucial to the transition from innate to acquired immune responses, the proteolytic activity of these HDM allergens also underlies their behaviour as inhalant allergens. The significance of this property is underlined by the attenuation of allergic responses to HDMs by novel inhibitors in experimental models. The group 1 HDM allergens act as prothrombinases, enabling them to operate the canonical stimulation of protease activated receptors 1 and 4. This leads to the ligation of Toll-like receptor 4, which is an indispensable component in HDM allergy development, and reactive oxidant-regulated gene expression. Intermediate steps involve epidermal growth factor receptor ligation, activation of a disintegrin and metalloproteases, and the opening of pannexons. Elements of this transduction pathway are shared with downstream signalling from biosensors which bind viral RNA, suggesting a mechanistic linkage between allergens and respiratory viruses in disease exacerbations. This review describes recent progress in the characterisation of an arterial route which links innate responses to inhaled allergens to events underpinning the progression of allergy to unrelated allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihui Zhang
- Institute for Infection & Immunity, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom.
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Jie Chen
- Institute for Infection & Immunity, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom.
| | - Clive Robinson
- Institute for Infection & Immunity, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom.
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George T, Chakraborty M, Giembycz MA, Newton R. A bronchoprotective role for Rgs2 in a murine model of lipopolysaccharide-induced airways inflammation. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2018; 14:40. [PMID: 30305828 PMCID: PMC6166284 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-018-0266-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Asthma exacerbations are associated with the recruitment of neutrophils to the lungs. These cells release proteases and mediators, many of which act at G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that couple via Gq to promote bronchoconstriction and inflammation. Common asthma therapeutics up-regulate expression of the regulator of G protein signalling (RGS), RGS2. As RGS2 reduces signaling from Gq-coupled GPCRs, we have defined role(s) for this GTPase-activating protein in an acute neutrophilic model of lung inflammation. Methods Wild type and Rgs2−/− C57Bl6 mice were exposed to nebulized lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Lung function (respiratory system resistance and compliance) was measured using a SCIREQ flexivent small animal ventilator. Lung inflammation was assessed by histochemistry, cell counting and by cytokine and chemokine expression in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Results Lipopolysaccharide inhalation induced transient airways hyperreactivity (AHR) and neutrophilic lung inflammation. While AHR and inflammation was greatest 3 h post-LPS exposure, BAL neutrophils persisted for 24 h. At 3 h post-LPS inhalation, multiple inflammatory cytokines (CSF2, CSF3, IL6, TNF) and chemokines (CCL3, CCL4, CXCL1, CXCL2) were highly expressed in the BAL fluid, prior to declining by 24 h. Compared to wild type counterparts, Rgs2−/− mice developed significantly greater airflow resistance in response to inhaled methacholine (MCh) at 3 h post-LPS exposure. At 24 h post-LPS exposure, when lung function was recovering in the wild type animals, MCh-induced resistance was increased, and compliance decreased, in Rgs2−/− mice. Thus, Rgs2−/− mice show AHR and stiffer lungs 24 h post-LPS exposure. Histological markers of inflammation, total and differential cell counts, and major cytokine and chemokine expression in BAL fluid were similar between wild type and Rgs2−/− mice. However, 3 and 24 h post-LPS exposure, IL12B expression was significantly elevated in BAL fluid from Rgs2−/− mice compared to wild type animals. Conclusions While Rgs2 is bronchoprotective in acute neutrophilic inflammation, no clear anti-inflammatory effect was apparent. Nevertheless, elevated IL12B expression in Rgs2−/− animals raises the possibility that RGS2 could dampen Th1 responses. These findings indicate that up-regulation of RGS2, as occurs in response to inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting β2-adrenoceptor agonists, may be beneficial in acute neutrophilic exacerbations of airway disease, including asthma. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13223-018-0266-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tresa George
- 1Airways Inflammation Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6 Canada
| | - Mainak Chakraborty
- 2Immunology Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6 Canada
| | - Mark A Giembycz
- 1Airways Inflammation Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6 Canada
| | - Robert Newton
- 1Airways Inflammation Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6 Canada
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10
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Jang JY, Kim YS, Han YM, Kang SY, Kim JS. Alteration in Uterine Protease-Activated Receptor 2 Expression in Preterm Birth Induced Experimentally in Brp-39 Null Mutant Mice. Reprod Sci 2018; 26:713-723. [PMID: 29996695 DOI: 10.1177/1933719118787036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Breast regression protein 39 (Brp-39) is a mouse homolog of human Chitinase 3-like 1, which belongs to the 18-glycosyl-hydrolase family and plays a role in inflammatory reaction and tissue remodeling. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of Brp-39 in a mouse model of preterm birth. Pregnant wild-type (WT) or Brp-39(-/-) mice were injected intraperitoneally with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at embryonic day 15. Pregnancy outcomes were evaluated for 24 hours after LPS injection. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting were performed to analyze messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expressions of cytokines and contraction-associated proteins in uterine and/or placental tissue after LPS injection. LPS injection led to preterm birth in both WT and Brp-39(-/-) mice, but the proportion of pubs delivered was reduced in Brp-39(-/-) mice, along with a longer interval from the LPS injection to delivery, compared to WT mice. Inflammatory cell infiltration and mRNA expression of cytokines and Ptgs2 in the uteri and the placentas were not significantly different between WT and Brp-39(-/-) mice. Par-2 mRNA expression in the WT uteri was increased before delivery after LPS injection and decreased after delivery, while there was no significant change in Par-2 expression in the Brp-39(-/-) uteri. Protein expressions of Par-2 and Ptgs2 were lower in the Brp-39(-/-) uteri than in the WT uteri before and after delivery. Attenuated preterm birth in Brp-39(-/-) mice indicates the significance of Brp-39 during murine preterm birth. Altered expression of Par-2 in Brp-39(-/-) uteri suggests its potential role in attenuated preterm birth of Brp-39(-/-) mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja Yun Jang
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, SAIHST, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi Seul Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, SAIHST, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Mi Han
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Research Institute of Medical Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Kang
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Sun Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, SAIHST, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.
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Thiriou D, Morianos I, Xanthou G, Samitas K. Innate immunity as the orchestrator of allergic airway inflammation and resolution in asthma. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 48:43-54. [PMID: 28463786 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The respiratory system is constantly in direct contact with the environment and, has therefore, developed strong innate and adaptive immune responses to combat pathogens. Unlike adaptive immunity which is mounted later in the course of the immune response and is naive at the outset, innate immunity provides the first line of defense against microbial agents, while also promoting resolution of inflammation. In the airways, innate immune effector cells mainly consist of eosinophils, neutrophils, mast cells, basophils, macrophages/monocytes, dendritic cells and innate lymphoid cells, which attack pathogens directly or indirectly through the release of inflammatory cytokines and antimicrobial peptides, and coordinate T and B cell-mediated adaptive immunity. Airway epithelial cells are also critically involved in shaping both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune response. Chronic allergic airway inflammation and linked asthmatic disease is often considered a result of aberrant activation of type 2 T helper cells (Th2) towards innocuous environmental allergens; however, innate immune cells are increasingly recognized as key players responsible for the initiation and the perpetuation of allergic responses. Moreover, innate cells participate in immune response regulation through the release of anti-inflammatory mediators, and guide tissue repair and the maintenance of airway homeostasis. The scope of this review is to outline existing knowledge on innate immune responses involved in allergic airway inflammation, highlight current gaps in our understanding of the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms and discuss the potential use of innate effector cells in new therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Thiriou
- 2(nd) Respiratory Medicine Dept., Athens Chest Hospital "Sotiria", Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Morianos
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Division of Cell Biology, Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Greece
| | - Georgina Xanthou
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Division of Cell Biology, Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Samitas
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Division of Cell Biology, Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Greece; 7(th) Respiratory Medicine Dept. and Asthma Center, Athens Chest Hospital "Sotiria", Athens, Greece.
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Sulaiman I, Lim JCW, Soo HL, Stanslas J. Molecularly targeted therapies for asthma: Current development, challenges and potential clinical translation. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2016; 40:52-68. [PMID: 27453494 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Extensive research into the therapeutics of asthma has yielded numerous effective interventions over the past few decades. However, adverse effects and ineffectiveness of most of these medications especially in the management of steroid resistant severe asthma necessitate the development of better medications. Numerous drug targets with inherent airway smooth muscle tone modulatory role have been identified for asthma therapy. This article reviews the latest understanding of underlying molecular aetiology of asthma towards design and development of better antiasthma drugs. New drug candidates with their putative targets that have shown promising results in the preclinical and/or clinical trials are summarised. Examples of these interventions include restoration of Th1/Th2 balance by the use of newly developed immunomodulators such as toll-like receptor-9 activators (CYT003-QbG10 and QAX-935). Clinical trials revealed the safety and effectiveness of chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells (CRTH2) antagonists such as OC0000459, BI-671800 and ARRY-502 in the restoration of Th1/Th2 balance. Regulation of cytokine activity by the use of newly developed biologics such as benralizumab, reslizumab, mepolizumab, lebrikizumab, tralokinumab, dupilumab and brodalumab are at the stage of clinical development. Transcription factors are potential targets for asthma therapy, for example SB010, a GATA-3 DNAzyme is at its early stage of clinical trial. Other candidates such as inhibitors of Rho kinases (Fasudil and Y-27632), phosphodiesterase inhibitors (GSK256066, CHF 6001, roflumilast, RPL 554) and proteinase of activated receptor-2 (ENMD-1068) are also discussed. Preclinical results of blockade of calcium sensing receptor by the use of calcilytics such as calcitriol abrogates cardinal signs of asthma. Nevertheless, successful translation of promising preclinical data into clinically viable interventions remains a major challenge to the development of novel anti-asthmatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Sulaiman
- Pharmacotherapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jonathan Chee Woei Lim
- Pharmacotherapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hon Liong Soo
- Pharmacotherapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Johnson Stanslas
- Pharmacotherapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Aubier M, Thabut G, Hamidi F, Guillou N, Brard J, Dombret MC, Borensztajn K, Aitilalne B, Poirier I, Roland-Nicaise P, Taillé C, Pretolani M. Airway smooth muscle enlargement is associated with protease-activated receptor 2/ligand overexpression in patients with difficult-to-control severe asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:729-739.e11. [PMID: 27001157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.12.1332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a complex disease with heterogeneous features of airway inflammation and remodeling. The increase in airway smooth muscle (ASM) mass is an essential component of airway remodeling in patients with severe asthma, yet the pathobiological mechanisms and clinical outcomes associated with ASM enlargement remain elusive. OBJECTIVE We sought to compare ASM area in control subjects and patients with mild-to-moderate or severe asthma and to identify specific clinical and pathobiological characteristics associated with ASM enlargement. METHODS Bronchial biopsy specimens from 12 control subjects, 24 patients with mild-to-moderate asthma, and 105 patients with severe asthma were analyzed for ASM area, basement membrane thickness, vessels, eosinophils, neutrophils, T lymphocytes, mast cells, and protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2). In parallel, the levels of several ASM mitogenic factors, including the PAR-2 ligands, mast cell tryptase, trypsin, tissue factor, and kallikrein (KLK) 5 and KLK14, were assessed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Data were correlated with asthma severity and control both at inclusion and after 12 to 18 months of optimal management and therapy. RESULTS Analyses across ASM quartiles in patients with severe asthma demonstrated that patients with the highest ASM quartile (median value of ASM area, 26.3%) were younger (42.5 vs ≥50 years old in the other groups, P ≤ .04) and had lower asthma control after 1 year of optimal management (P ≤ .006). ASM enlargement occurred independently of features of airway inflammation and remodeling, whereas it was associated with PAR-2 overexpression and higher alveolar tryptase (P ≤ .02) and KLK14 (P ≤ .03) levels. CONCLUSION Increase in ASM mass, possibly involving aberrant expression and activation of PAR-2-mediated pathways, characterizes younger patients with severe asthma with poor asthma control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Aubier
- Inserm UMR1152, Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Faculté de Médecine, site Bichat, Paris, France; Départment de Pneumologie A, Groupement Hospitalier Universitaire Nord Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France; Départment de Hématologie-Immunologie, Groupement Hospitalier Universitaire Nord Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France; Assistance Publique des Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence INFLAMEX, Université Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE, Paris, France
| | - Gabriel Thabut
- Inserm UMR1152, Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Faculté de Médecine, site Bichat, Paris, France; Départment de Pneumologie B, Groupement Hospitalier Universitaire Nord Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France; Assistance Publique des Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence INFLAMEX, Université Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE, Paris, France
| | - Fatima Hamidi
- Inserm UMR1152, Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Faculté de Médecine, site Bichat, Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence INFLAMEX, Université Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE, Paris, France
| | - Noëlline Guillou
- Inserm UMR1152, Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Faculté de Médecine, site Bichat, Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence INFLAMEX, Université Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE, Paris, France
| | - Julien Brard
- Inserm UMR1152, Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Faculté de Médecine, site Bichat, Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence INFLAMEX, Université Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Christine Dombret
- Inserm UMR1152, Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Faculté de Médecine, site Bichat, Paris, France; Départment de Pneumologie A, Groupement Hospitalier Universitaire Nord Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France; Départment de Hématologie-Immunologie, Groupement Hospitalier Universitaire Nord Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France; Assistance Publique des Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence INFLAMEX, Université Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE, Paris, France
| | - Keren Borensztajn
- Inserm UMR1152, Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Faculté de Médecine, site Bichat, Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence INFLAMEX, Université Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE, Paris, France
| | - Brahim Aitilalne
- Inserm UMR1152, Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Faculté de Médecine, site Bichat, Paris, France; Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Groupement Hospitalier Universitaire Nord Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence INFLAMEX, Université Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Poirier
- Inserm UMR1152, Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Faculté de Médecine, site Bichat, Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence INFLAMEX, Université Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Roland-Nicaise
- Université Paris Diderot, Faculté de Médecine, site Bichat, Paris, France; Départment de Pneumologie A, Groupement Hospitalier Universitaire Nord Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France; Assistance Publique des Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Camille Taillé
- Inserm UMR1152, Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Faculté de Médecine, site Bichat, Paris, France; Départment de Pneumologie A, Groupement Hospitalier Universitaire Nord Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France; Départment de Hématologie-Immunologie, Groupement Hospitalier Universitaire Nord Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France; Assistance Publique des Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence INFLAMEX, Université Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE, Paris, France
| | - Marina Pretolani
- Inserm UMR1152, Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Faculté de Médecine, site Bichat, Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence INFLAMEX, Université Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE, Paris, France.
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Trian T, Allard B, Ozier A, Maurat E, Dupin I, Thumerel M, Ousova O, Gillibert-Duplantier J, Le Morvan V, Begueret H, Girodet PO, Marthan R, Berger P. Selective dysfunction of p53 for mitochondrial biogenesis induces cellular proliferation in bronchial smooth muscle from asthmatic patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 137:1717-1726.e13. [PMID: 26688517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increase of bronchial smooth muscle (BSM) mass is a crucial feature of asthma remodeling. The mechanisms of such an increased BSM mass are complex but involve enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis, leading to increased proliferation of BSM cells in asthmatic patients. The major tumor suppressor protein p53 is a key cell regulator involved in cell proliferation and has also been implicated in mitochondrial biogenesis. However, the role of p53 in BSM cell proliferation and mitochondrial biogenesis has not been investigated thus far. OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate the role of p53 in proliferation of BSM cells in asthmatic patients and mitochondrial biogenesis. METHODS The expression of p53 was assessed both in vitro by using flow cytometry and Western blotting and ex vivo by using RT-PCR after laser microdissection. The role of p53 was assessed with small hairpin RNA lentivirus in both asthmatic patients and control subjects with BSM cell proliferation by using 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine and cell counting and in the expression of p21, BCL2-associated X protein, mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α). RESULTS Twenty-nine patients with moderate-to-severe asthma and 26 control subjects were enrolled in the study. p53 expression was increased in BSM from asthmatic patients both ex vivo and in vitro, with a decreased interaction with mouse double minute 2 homolog (Mdm2) and an increased phosphorylation of serine 20. p53 did not inhibit the transcription of both TFAM and PGC-1α in BSM cells from asthmatic patients. As a consequence, p53 is unable to slow the increased mitochondrial biogenesis and hence the subsequent increased proliferation of BSM cells in asthmatic patients. CONCLUSION This study suggests that p53 might act as a new potential therapeutic target against BSM remodeling in asthmatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Trian
- Université Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Département de Pharmacologie, Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Benoit Allard
- Université Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Département de Pharmacologie, Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Annaig Ozier
- Université Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Département de Pharmacologie, Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'Exploration Fonctionnelle Respiratoire, Service de chirurgie thoracique, Service d'anatomopathologie, Pessac, France
| | - Elise Maurat
- Université Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Département de Pharmacologie, Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Isabelle Dupin
- Université Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Département de Pharmacologie, Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Matthieu Thumerel
- Université Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Département de Pharmacologie, Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'Exploration Fonctionnelle Respiratoire, Service de chirurgie thoracique, Service d'anatomopathologie, Pessac, France
| | - Olga Ousova
- Université Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Département de Pharmacologie, Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jennifer Gillibert-Duplantier
- Université Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Département de Pharmacologie, Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Hugues Begueret
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'Exploration Fonctionnelle Respiratoire, Service de chirurgie thoracique, Service d'anatomopathologie, Pessac, France
| | - Pierre-Olivier Girodet
- Université Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Département de Pharmacologie, Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'Exploration Fonctionnelle Respiratoire, Service de chirurgie thoracique, Service d'anatomopathologie, Pessac, France
| | - Roger Marthan
- Université Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Département de Pharmacologie, Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'Exploration Fonctionnelle Respiratoire, Service de chirurgie thoracique, Service d'anatomopathologie, Pessac, France
| | - Patrick Berger
- Université Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Département de Pharmacologie, Bordeaux, France; INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'Exploration Fonctionnelle Respiratoire, Service de chirurgie thoracique, Service d'anatomopathologie, Pessac, France
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