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Feng S, Zhao J, Yang T, Li L. TMPRSS11D/ALR-mediated ER stress regulates the function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the cervical cancer microenvironment. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110869. [PMID: 37666068 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) contribute to tumor immune evasion, and have been identified as immunosuppressive cells in cervical cancer. The effect of TMPRSS11D (transmembrane serine protease 11D) in some cancers has been reported, but its role in immune escape of cervical cancer is still unclear. This study aims to elucidate the regulatory mechanism of TMPRSS11D on the immunosuppressive function of MDSCs in cervical cancer. Our data showed that the proportion of polymorphonucleoid MDSCs (PMN-MDSCs), the contents of immunosuppressive factors (including INOS, IDO, and ARG-1) secreted by MDSCs, and TMPRSS11D mRNA level in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of malignant cervical cancer patients was significantly higher than that of benign tumor patients. Next, CD3+ T cells from PBMCs of cervical cancer patients were stimulated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28, and then co-cultured with PMN-MDSCs from the same donors at a ratio of 1:2 for 3 days. PMN-MDSCs from malignant tumors produced more ROS, while TMPRSS11D knockdown blocked ROS production. PMN-MDSCs inhibited T cell proliferation and IFN-γ production, while silencing TMPRSS11D in PMN-MDSCs hindered the immunosuppressive effect of PMN-MDSCs. Mechanistically, TMPRSS11D bound to ALR (Augmenter of liver regeneration) and negatively regulated ALR expression, inducing ER stress in PMN-MDSCs, thereby enhancing the immunosuppressive effect of PMN-MDSCs on T cells. Additionally, mouse xenograft tumor assay was conducted to assess the role of TMPRSS11D in tumor growth and MDSC accumulation in vivo. Silencing TMPRSS11D impeded the growth of cervical cancer xenografts and reduced the accumulation of MDSCs in tumor tissues. In conclusion, TMPRSS11D induced ER stress in MDSCs through negative regulation of ALR, thus enhancing the immunosuppressive effect of MDSCs on T cells, so as to promote the growth of cervical cancer tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sifang Feng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Long Li
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
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2
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Gonçalves JD, Ferraz JBS, Meirelles FV, Nociti RP, Oliveira MEF. An Exploratory Data Analysis from Ovine and Bovine RNA-Seq Identifies Pathways and Key Genes Related to Cervical Dilatation. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2052. [PMID: 37443850 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study developed a review and exploration of data in public and already validated repositories. The main objective was to identify the pathways involved in ruminants' cervical dilatation, which are conserved between cattle and sheep in the follicular and luteal phases of the reproductive cycle. In cattle, 1961 genes were more differentially expressed in the follicular phase and 1560 in the luteal phase. An amount of 24 genes were considered exclusively expressed from these. A total of 18 genes were in the follicular phase and 6 genes were in the luteal phase. In sheep, 2126 genes were more differentially expressed in the follicular phase and 2469 genes were more differentially expressed in the luteal phase. Hoxb genes were identified in both species and are correlated with the PI3K/Akt pathway. PI3K/Akt was also found in both cattle and sheep, appearing prominently in the follicular and luteal phases of both species. Our analyses have pointed out that the PI3K/Akt pathway and the Hoxb genes appear in prominence in modulating mechanisms that involve estrus alterations in the cervix. PI3K/Akt appears to be an important pathway in the cervical relaxation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joedson Dantas Gonçalves
- Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | - José Bento Sterman Ferraz
- Molecular Morphophysiology and Development Laboratory, Departament of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Food Engineering-FZEA, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 255, Pirassununga 14635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávio Vieira Meirelles
- Molecular Morphophysiology and Development Laboratory, Departament of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Food Engineering-FZEA, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 255, Pirassununga 14635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Perecin Nociti
- Molecular Morphophysiology and Development Laboratory, Departament of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Food Engineering-FZEA, University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte 255, Pirassununga 14635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Emilia Franco Oliveira
- Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
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3
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Le-Bel G, Desjardins P, Gross C, Cortez Ghio S, Couture C, Germain L, Guérin SL. Influence of the Postmortem/Storage Time of Human Corneas on the Properties of Cultured Limbal Epithelial Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172716. [PMID: 36078126 PMCID: PMC9455001 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides being a powerful model to study the mechanisms of corneal wound healing, tissue-engineered human corneas (hTECs) are sparking interest as suitable substitutes for grafting purposes. To ensure the histological and physiological integrity of hTECs, the primary cultures generated from human cornea (identified as human limbal epithelial cells (hLECs) that are used to produce them must be of the highest possible quality. The goal of the present study consisted in evaluating the impact of the postmortem/storage time (PM/ST) on their properties in culture. hLECs were isolated from the entire cornea comprising the limbus and central cornea. When grown as monolayers, short PM/ST hLECs displayed increased daily doublings and generated more colonies per seeded cells than long PM/ST hLECs. Moreover, hLECs with a short PM/ST exhibited a markedly faster wound closure kinetic both in scratch wound assays and hTECs. Collectively, these results suggest that short PM/ST hLECs have a greater number of highly proliferative stem cells, exhibit a faster and more efficient wound healing response in vitro, and produce hTECs of a higher quality, making them the best candidates to produce biomaterial substitutes for clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëtan Le-Bel
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, and Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Centre Universitaire d’Ophtalmologie (CUO)-Recherche, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada
- Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Pascale Desjardins
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, and Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Centre Universitaire d’Ophtalmologie (CUO)-Recherche, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada
- Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Christelle Gross
- Centre Universitaire d’Ophtalmologie (CUO)-Recherche, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sergio Cortez Ghio
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, and Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Camille Couture
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, and Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Centre Universitaire d’Ophtalmologie (CUO)-Recherche, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada
- Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Lucie Germain
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, and Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Centre Universitaire d’Ophtalmologie (CUO)-Recherche, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada
- Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sylvain L. Guérin
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, and Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Centre Universitaire d’Ophtalmologie (CUO)-Recherche, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-418-682-7565
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Comprehensive Analysis of mRNA Expression Profiles in Head and Neck Cancer by Using Robust Rank Aggregation and Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:4908427. [PMID: 33376725 PMCID: PMC7746451 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4908427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer in the world; its pathogenic mechanism remains to be further clarified. Methods Robust rank aggregation (RRA) analysis was utilized to identify the metasignature dysregulated genes, which were then used for potential drug prediction. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed on all metasignature genes to find hub genes. DNA methylation analysis, GSEA, functional annotation, and immunocyte infiltration analysis were then performed on hub genes to investigate their potential role in HNSCC. Result A total of 862 metasignature genes were identified, and 6 potential drugs were selected based on these genes. Based on the result of WGCNA, six hub genes (ITM2A, GALNTL1, FAM107A, MFAP4, PGM5, and OGN) were selected (GS > 0.1, MM > 0.75, GS p value < 0.05, and MM p value < 0.05). All six genes were downregulated in tumor tissue (FDR < 0.01) and were related to the clinical stage and prognosis of HNSCC in different degrees. Methylation analysis showed that the dysregulation of ITM2A, GALNTL1, FAM107A, and MFAP4 may be caused by hypermethylation. Moreover, the expression level of all 6 hub genes was positively associated with immune cell infiltration, and the result of GSEA showed that all hub genes may be involved in the process of immunoregulation. Conclusion All identified hub genes could be potential biomarkers for HNSCC and provide a new insight into the diagnosis and treatment of head and neck tumors.
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The PAR2 signal peptide prevents premature receptor cleavage and activation. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0222685. [PMID: 32078628 PMCID: PMC7032737 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike closely related GPCRs, protease-activated receptors (PAR1, PAR2, PAR3, and PAR4) have a predicted signal peptide at their N-terminus, which is encoded by a separate exon, suggesting that the signal peptides of PARs may serve an important and unique function, specific for PARs. In this report, we show that the PAR2 signal peptide, when fused to the N-terminus of IgG-Fc, effectively induced IgG-Fc secretion into culture medium, thus behaving like a classical signal peptide. The presence of PAR2 signal peptide has a strong effect on PAR2 cell surface expression, as deletion of the signal peptide (PAR2ΔSP) led to dramatic reduction of the cell surface expression and decreased responses to trypsin or the synthetic peptide ligand (SLIGKV). However, further deletion of the tethered ligand region (SLIGKV) at the N-terminus rescued the cell surface receptor expression and the response to the synthetic peptide ligand, suggesting that the signal peptide of PAR2 may be involved in preventing PAR2 from intracellular protease activation before reaching the cell surface. Supporting this hypothesis, an Arg36Ala mutation on PAR2ΔSP, which disabled the trypsin activation site, increased the receptor cell surface expression and the response to ligand stimulation. Similar effects were observed when PAR2ΔSP expressing cells were treated with protease inhibitors. Our findings indicated that there is a role of the PAR2 signal peptide in preventing the premature activation of PAR2 from intracellular protease cleavage before reaching the cells surface. The same mechanism may also apply to PAR1, PAR3, and PAR4.
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Abstract
Over the last two decades, a novel subgroup of serine proteases, the cell surface-anchored serine proteases, has emerged as an important component of the human degradome, and several members have garnered significant attention for their roles in cancer progression and metastasis. A large body of literature describes that cell surface-anchored serine proteases are deregulated in cancer and that they contribute to both tumor formation and metastasis through diverse molecular mechanisms. The loss of precise regulation of cell surface-anchored serine protease expression and/or catalytic activity may be contributing to the etiology of several cancer types. There is therefore a strong impetus to understand the events that lead to deregulation at the gene and protein levels, how these precipitate in various stages of tumorigenesis, and whether targeting of selected proteases can lead to novel cancer intervention strategies. This review summarizes current knowledge about cell surface-anchored serine proteases and their role in cancer based on biochemical characterization, cell culture-based studies, expression studies, and in vivo experiments. Efforts to develop inhibitors to target cell surface-anchored serine proteases in cancer therapy will also be summarized.
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7
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Transmembrane Protease TMPRSS11B Promotes Lung Cancer Growth by Enhancing Lactate Export and Glycolytic Metabolism. Cell Rep 2019; 25:2223-2233.e6. [PMID: 30463017 PMCID: PMC6338450 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.10.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathways underlying metabolic reprogramming in cancer remain incompletely understood. We identify the transmembrane serine protease TMPRSS11B as a gene that promotes transformation of immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs). TMPRSS11B is upregulated in human lung squamous cell carcinomas (LSCCs), and high expression is associated with poor survival of non-small cell lung cancer patients. TMPRSS11B inhibition in human LSCCs reduces transformation and tumor growth. Given that TMPRSS11B harbors an extracellular (EC) protease domain, we hypothesized that catalysis of a membrane-bound substrate modulates tumor progression. Interrogation of a set of soluble receptors revealed that TMPRSS11B promotes solubilization of Basigin, an obligate chaperone of the lactate monocarboxylate transporter MCT4. Basigin release mediated by TMPRSS11B enhances lactate export and glycolytic metabolism, thereby promoting tumorigenesis. These findings establish an oncogenic role for TMPRSS11B and provide support for the development of therapies that target this enzyme at the surface of cancer cells.
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8
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Norseeda K, Chaisan N, Thongsornkleeb C, Tummatorn J, Ruchirawat S. Metal-Free Synthesis of 4-Chloroisocoumarins by TMSCl-Catalyzed NCS-Induced Chlorinative Annulation of 2-Alkynylaryloate Esters. J Org Chem 2019; 84:16222-16236. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krissada Norseeda
- Program on Chemical Biology, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Ministry of Education, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Nattawadee Chaisan
- Program on Chemical Biology, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Ministry of Education, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Charnsak Thongsornkleeb
- Program on Chemical Biology, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Ministry of Education, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Jumreang Tummatorn
- Program on Chemical Biology, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Ministry of Education, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Somsak Ruchirawat
- Program on Chemical Biology, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Ministry of Education, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
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Callies LK, Tadeo D, Simper J, Bugge TH, Szabo R. Iterative, multiplexed CRISPR-mediated gene editing for functional analysis of complex protease gene clusters. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:15987-15996. [PMID: 31501243 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidation of gene function by reverse genetics in animal models frequently is complicated by the functional redundancy of homologous genes. This obstacle often is compounded by the tight clustering of homologous genes, which precludes the generation of multigene-deficient animals through standard interbreeding of single-deficient animals. Here, we describe an iterative, multiplexed CRISPR-based approach for simultaneous gene editing in the complex seven-member human airway trypsin-like protease/differentially expressed in a squamous cell carcinoma (HAT/DESC) cluster of membrane-anchored serine proteases. Through four cycles of targeting, we generated a library of 18 unique congenic mouse strains lacking combinations of HAT/DESC proteases, including a mouse strain deficient in all seven proteases. Using this library, we demonstrate that HAT/DESC proteases are dispensable for term development, postnatal health, and fertility and that the recently described function of the HAT-like 4 protease in epidermal barrier formation is unique among all HAT/DESC proteases. The study demonstrates the potential of iterative, multiplexed CRISPR-mediated gene editing for functional analysis of multigene clusters, and it provides a large array of new congenic mouse strains for the study of HAT/DESC proteases in physiological and in pathophysiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- LuLu K Callies
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Daniel Tadeo
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Jan Simper
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Thomas H Bugge
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Roman Szabo
- Proteases and Tissue Remodeling Section, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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Promoter Hypomethylation Is Responsible for Upregulated Expression of HAI-1 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:9175215. [PMID: 31558918 PMCID: PMC6735181 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9175215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An upregulated expression of hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type 1 (HAI-1) in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) associates with poor prognosis, but the underlying mechanism for expression regulation has not been elucidated. HAI-1 was expressed in HCC cell line Hep3B cells at a high level but absent or has a low level in other HCC cell lines HepG2 and SMMC7721 and immortal normal liver cell line L02 at transcriptional and translational levels, respectively. A dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that transcriptional activity of HAI-1 in the promoter region (-452 bp to -280 bp from the mRNA start site) was strongly enhanced in Hep3B and SMMC7721. Bisulfite genomic sequencing results of the HAI-1 promoter region showed an inverse correlation between levels of promoter methylation and expression in HCC cells. The expression level of HAI-1 in SMMC7721, HepG2, and L02 cells was elevated after 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine treatment. Hypomethylation of the HAI-1 promoter region contributed to the elevated HAI-1 expression in HCC tissues. In addition, the hypomethylation of the HAI-1 promoter region correlated with poor differentiation status of HCC tissues. Our findings indicate that promoter hypomethylation is an important mechanism for aberrant HAI-1 expression regulation in HCC.
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Larson ED, Magno JPM, Steritz MJ, Llanes EGDV, Cardwell J, Pedro M, Roberts TB, Einarsdottir E, Rosanes RAQ, Greenlee C, Santos RAP, Yousaf A, Streubel SO, Santos ATR, Ruiz AG, Lagrana-Villagracia SM, Ray D, Yarza TKL, Scholes MA, Anderson CB, Acharya A, Gubbels SP, Bamshad MJ, Cass SP, Lee NR, Shaikh RS, Nickerson DA, Mohlke KL, Prager JD, Cruz TLG, Yoon PJ, Abes GT, Schwartz DA, Chan AL, Wine TM, Cutiongco-de la Paz EM, Friedman N, Kechris K, Kere J, Leal SM, Yang IV, Patel JA, Tantoco MLC, Riazuddin S, Chan KH, Mattila PS, Reyes-Quintos MRT, Ahmed ZM, Jenkins HA, Chonmaitree T, Hafrén L, Chiong CM, Santos-Cortez RLP. A2ML1 and otitis media: novel variants, differential expression, and relevant pathways. Hum Mutat 2019; 40:1156-1171. [PMID: 31009165 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A genetic basis for otitis media is established, however, the role of rare variants in disease etiology is largely unknown. Previously a duplication variant within A2ML1 was identified as a significant risk factor for otitis media in an indigenous Filipino population and in US children. In this report exome and Sanger sequencing was performed using DNA samples from the indigenous Filipino population, Filipino cochlear implantees, US probands, Finnish, and Pakistani families with otitis media. Sixteen novel, damaging A2ML1 variants identified in otitis media patients were rare or low-frequency in population-matched controls. In the indigenous population, both gingivitis and A2ML1 variants including the known duplication variant and the novel splice variant c.4061 + 1 G>C were independently associated with otitis media. Sequencing of salivary RNA samples from indigenous Filipinos demonstrated lower A2ML1 expression according to the carriage of A2ML1 variants. Sequencing of additional salivary RNA samples from US patients with otitis media revealed differentially expressed genes that are highly correlated with A2ML1 expression levels. In particular, RND3 is upregulated in both A2ML1 variant carriers and high-A2ML1 expressors. These findings support a role for A2ML1 in keratinocyte differentiation within the middle ear as part of otitis media pathology and the potential application of ROCK inhibition in otitis media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Larson
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jose Pedrito M Magno
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of the Philippines Manila College of Medicine - Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines
| | - Matthew J Steritz
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Erasmo Gonzalo D V Llanes
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of the Philippines Manila College of Medicine - Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines.,Philippine National Ear Institute, University of the Philippines Manila - National Institutes of Health, Manila, Philippines
| | - Jonathan Cardwell
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Melquiadesa Pedro
- Philippine National Ear Institute, University of the Philippines Manila - National Institutes of Health, Manila, Philippines
| | - Tori Bootpetch Roberts
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Elisabet Einarsdottir
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and Molecular Neurology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Rose Anne Q Rosanes
- Department of Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Christopher Greenlee
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | - Ayesha Yousaf
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Sven-Olrik Streubel
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | - Amanda G Ruiz
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Sheryl Mae Lagrana-Villagracia
- Philippine National Ear Institute, University of the Philippines Manila - National Institutes of Health, Manila, Philippines
| | - Dylan Ray
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Talitha Karisse L Yarza
- Philippine National Ear Institute, University of the Philippines Manila - National Institutes of Health, Manila, Philippines.,Newborn Hearing Screening Reference Center, University of the Philippines Manila - National Institutes of Health (NIH), Manila, Philippines
| | - Melissa A Scholes
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Catherine B Anderson
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Anushree Acharya
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Samuel P Gubbels
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Michael J Bamshad
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Stephen P Cass
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Nanette R Lee
- USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation, Inc. and Department of Anthropology, Sociology and History, University of San Carlos, Cebu, Philippines
| | - Rehan S Shaikh
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Deborah A Nickerson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jeremy D Prager
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Teresa Luisa G Cruz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of the Philippines Manila College of Medicine - Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines.,Philippine National Ear Institute, University of the Philippines Manila - National Institutes of Health, Manila, Philippines
| | - Patricia J Yoon
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Generoso T Abes
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of the Philippines Manila College of Medicine - Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines.,Philippine National Ear Institute, University of the Philippines Manila - National Institutes of Health, Manila, Philippines
| | - David A Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Abner L Chan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of the Philippines Manila College of Medicine - Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines.,Philippine National Ear Institute, University of the Philippines Manila - National Institutes of Health, Manila, Philippines
| | - Todd M Wine
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Eva Maria Cutiongco-de la Paz
- Philippine Genome Center, University of the Philippines, Quezon City, Philippines.,University of the Philippines Manila - National Institutes of Health, Manila, Philippines
| | - Norman Friedman
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Katerina Kechris
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Juha Kere
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and Molecular Neurology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Suzanne M Leal
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ivana V Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Janak A Patel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Ma Leah C Tantoco
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of the Philippines Manila College of Medicine - Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines.,Philippine National Ear Institute, University of the Philippines Manila - National Institutes of Health, Manila, Philippines
| | - Saima Riazuddin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kenny H Chan
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Petri S Mattila
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Rina T Reyes-Quintos
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of the Philippines Manila College of Medicine - Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines.,Philippine National Ear Institute, University of the Philippines Manila - National Institutes of Health, Manila, Philippines.,Newborn Hearing Screening Reference Center, University of the Philippines Manila - National Institutes of Health (NIH), Manila, Philippines.,University of the Philippines Manila - National Institutes of Health, Manila, Philippines
| | - Zubair M Ahmed
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Herman A Jenkins
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Tasnee Chonmaitree
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Lena Hafrén
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Charlotte M Chiong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of the Philippines Manila College of Medicine - Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines.,Philippine National Ear Institute, University of the Philippines Manila - National Institutes of Health, Manila, Philippines.,Newborn Hearing Screening Reference Center, University of the Philippines Manila - National Institutes of Health (NIH), Manila, Philippines
| | - Regie Lyn P Santos-Cortez
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Philippine National Ear Institute, University of the Philippines Manila - National Institutes of Health, Manila, Philippines.,Center for Children's Surgery, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
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12
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Böttcher-Friebertshäuser E, Garten W, Klenk HD. Membrane-Anchored Serine Proteases: Host Cell Factors in Proteolytic Activation of Viral Glycoproteins. ACTIVATION OF VIRUSES BY HOST PROTEASES 2018. [PMCID: PMC7122464 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-75474-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over one third of all known proteolytic enzymes are serine proteases. Among these, the trypsin-like serine proteases comprise one of the best characterized subfamilies due to their essential roles in blood coagulation, food digestion, fibrinolysis, or immunity. Trypsin-like serine proteases possess primary substrate specificity for basic amino acids. Most of the well-characterized trypsin-like proteases such as trypsin, plasmin, or urokinase are soluble proteases that are secreted into the extracellular environment. At the turn of the millennium, a number of novel trypsin-like serine proteases have been identified that are anchored in the cell membrane, either by a transmembrane domain at the N- or C-terminus or via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) linkage. Meanwhile more than 20 membrane-anchored serine proteases (MASPs) have been identified in human and mouse, and some of them have emerged as key regulators of mammalian development and homeostasis. Thus, the MASP corin and TMPRSS6/matriptase-2 have been demonstrated to be the activators of the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and key regulator of hepcidin expression, respectively. Furthermore, MASPs have been recognized as host cell factors activating respiratory viruses including influenza virus as well as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronaviruses. In particular, transmembrane protease serine S1 member 2 (TMPRSS2) has been shown to be essential for proteolytic activation and consequently spread and pathogenesis of a number of influenza A viruses in mice and as a factor associated with severe influenza virus infection in humans. This review gives an overview on the physiological functions of the fascinating and rapidly evolving group of MASPs and a summary of the current knowledge on their role in proteolytic activation of viral fusion proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wolfgang Garten
- 0000 0004 1936 9756grid.10253.35Institut für Virologie, Philipps Universität, Marburg, Germany
| | - Hans Dieter Klenk
- 0000 0004 1936 9756grid.10253.35Institut für Virologie, Philipps-Universität, Marburg, Germany
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13
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Cao X, Tang Z, Huang F, Jin Q, Zhou X, Shi J. High TMPRSS11D protein expression predicts poor overall survival in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:12812-12819. [PMID: 28086212 PMCID: PMC5355057 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
TMPRSS11D (HAT) belongs to the large type II transmembrane serine protease (TTSP) family, participating in various biological and physiological processes. TMPRSS11D expression has been reported during squamous cell carcinogenesis, however, its expression during non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) development has not been studied. In this study, we determined the mRNA and protein expression of TMPRSS11D in NSCLC tumorous and matched adjacent normal tissues by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and tissue microarray immunohistochemistry analysis (TMA-IHC) respectively. TMPRSS11D protein expression in tumorous tissues were correlated with NSCLC patients’ clinical characteristics and overall survival. Both TMPRSS11D mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly higher in NSCLC tumorous tissues than in adjacent normal tissues. High TMPRSS11D protein expression was associated with high TNM stages, and high TMPRSS11D protein expression is an independent prognostic marker in NSCLC. Based on our results, we conclude that TMPRSS11D could play a role in NSCLC development and progression. Because of its role in proteolysis of extracellular matrix, targeting TMPRSS11D may prevent the development of metastasis in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Cao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Zhiyuan Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Pathology, Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Qin Jin
- Department of Pathology, Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Jiahai Shi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
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14
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Murray AS, Varela FA, Hyland TE, Schoenbeck AJ, White JM, Tanabe LM, Todi SV, List K. Phosphorylation of the type II transmembrane serine protease, TMPRSS13, in hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor-1 and -2-mediated cell-surface localization. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:14867-14884. [PMID: 28710277 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.775999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
TMPRSS13 is a member of the type II transmembrane serine protease (TTSP) family. Although various TTSPs have been characterized in detail biochemically and functionally, the basic properties of TMPRSS13 remain unclear. Here, we investigate the activation, inhibition, post-translational modification, and localization of TMPRSS13. We show that TMPRSS13 is a glycosylated, active protease and that its own proteolytic activity mediates zymogen cleavage. Full-length, active TMPRSS13 exhibits impaired cell-surface expression in the absence of the cognate Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitors, hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor (HAI)-1 or HAI-2. Concomitant presence of TMPRSS13 with either HAI-1 or -2 mediates phosphorylation of residues in the intracellular domain of the protease, and it coincides with efficient transport of the protease to the cell surface and its subsequent shedding. Cell-surface labeling experiments indicate that the dominant form of TMPRSS13 on the cell surface is phosphorylated, whereas intracellular TMPRSS13 is predominantly non-phosphorylated. These data provide novel insight into the cellular properties of TMPRSS13 and highlight phosphorylation of TMPRSS13 as a novel post-translational modification of this TTSP family member and potentially other members of this family of proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Murray
- From the Departments of Pharmacology.,Oncology, and.,Cancer Biology Graduate Program, and.,the Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - Fausto A Varela
- From the Departments of Pharmacology.,Pharmacology Graduate Program, and
| | | | | | - Jordan M White
- From the Departments of Pharmacology.,Oncology, and.,Cancer Biology Graduate Program, and.,the Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | | | | | - Karin List
- From the Departments of Pharmacology, .,Oncology, and.,the Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201
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15
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Menou A, Duitman J, Flajolet P, Sallenave JM, Mailleux AA, Crestani B. Human airway trypsin-like protease, a serine protease involved in respiratory diseases. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 312:L657-L668. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00509.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 2% of all human genes are coding for a complex system of more than 700 proteases and protease inhibitors. Among them, serine proteases play extraordinary, diverse functions in different physiological and pathological processes. The human airway trypsin-like protease (HAT), also referred to as TMPRSS11D and serine 11D, belongs to the emerging family of cell surface proteolytic enzymes, the type II transmembrane serine proteases (TTSPs). Through the cleavage of its four major identified substrates, HAT triggers specific responses, notably in epithelial cells, within the pericellular and extracellular environment, including notably inflammatory cytokine production, inflammatory cell recruitment, or anticoagulant processes. This review summarizes the potential role of this recently described protease in mediating cell surface proteolytic events, to highlight the structural features, proteolytic activity, and regulation, including the expression profile of HAT, and discuss its possible roles in respiratory physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awen Menou
- Inserm UMR1152, Medical School Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE (Fibrosis, Inflammation and Remodeling) and LabEx Inflamex, Paris, France; and
| | - JanWillem Duitman
- Inserm UMR1152, Medical School Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE (Fibrosis, Inflammation and Remodeling) and LabEx Inflamex, Paris, France; and
| | - Pauline Flajolet
- Inserm UMR1152, Medical School Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE (Fibrosis, Inflammation and Remodeling) and LabEx Inflamex, Paris, France; and
| | - Jean-Michel Sallenave
- Inserm UMR1152, Medical School Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE (Fibrosis, Inflammation and Remodeling) and LabEx Inflamex, Paris, France; and
| | - Arnaud André Mailleux
- Inserm UMR1152, Medical School Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE (Fibrosis, Inflammation and Remodeling) and LabEx Inflamex, Paris, France; and
| | - Bruno Crestani
- Inserm UMR1152, Medical School Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire FIRE (Fibrosis, Inflammation and Remodeling) and LabEx Inflamex, Paris, France; and
- APHP, Hôpital Bichat, Service de Pneumologie A, Paris, France
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16
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Kim BR, Van de Laar E, Cabanero M, Tarumi S, Hasenoeder S, Wang D, Virtanen C, Suzuki T, Bandarchi B, Sakashita S, Pham NA, Lee S, Keshavjee S, Waddell TK, Tsao MS, Moghal N. SOX2 and PI3K Cooperate to Induce and Stabilize a Squamous-Committed Stem Cell Injury State during Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma Pathogenesis. PLoS Biol 2016; 14:e1002581. [PMID: 27880766 PMCID: PMC5120804 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although cancers are considered stem cell diseases, mechanisms involving stem cell alterations are poorly understood. Squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC) is the second most common lung cancer, and its pathogenesis appears to hinge on changes in the stem cell behavior of basal cells in the bronchial airways. Basal cells are normally quiescent and differentiate into mucociliary epithelia. Smoking triggers a hyperproliferative response resulting in progressive premalignant epithelial changes ranging from squamous metaplasia to dysplasia. These changes can regress naturally, even with chronic smoking. However, for unknown reasons, dysplasias have higher progression rates than earlier stages. We used primary human tracheobronchial basal cells to investigate how copy number gains in SOX2 and PIK3CA at 3q26-28, which co-occur in dysplasia and are observed in 94% of SQCCs, may promote progression. We find that SOX2 cooperates with PI3K signaling, which is activated by smoking, to initiate the squamous injury response in basal cells. This response involves SOX9 repression, and, accordingly, SOX2 and PI3K signaling levels are high during dysplasia, while SOX9 is not expressed. By contrast, during regeneration of mucociliary epithelia, PI3K signaling is low and basal cells transiently enter a SOX2LoSOX9Hi state, with SOX9 promoting proliferation and preventing squamous differentiation. Transient reduction in SOX2 is necessary for ciliogenesis, although SOX2 expression later rises and drives mucinous differentiation, as SOX9 levels decline. Frequent coamplification of SOX2 and PIK3CA in dysplasia may, thus, promote progression by locking basal cells in a SOX2HiSOX9Lo state with active PI3K signaling, which sustains the squamous injury response while precluding normal mucociliary differentiation. Surprisingly, we find that, although later in invasive carcinoma SOX9 is generally expressed at low levels, its expression is higher in a subset of SQCCs with less squamous identity and worse clinical outcome. We propose that early pathogenesis of most SQCCs involves stabilization of the squamous injury state in stem cells through copy number gains at 3q, with the pro-proliferative activity of SOX9 possibly being exploited in a subset of SQCCs in later stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ram Kim
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emily Van de Laar
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Cabanero
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shintaro Tarumi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stefan Hasenoeder
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dennis Wang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carl Virtanen
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Takaya Suzuki
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bizhan Bandarchi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shingo Sakashita
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nhu An Pham
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sharon Lee
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shaf Keshavjee
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas K. Waddell
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ming-Sound Tsao
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nadeem Moghal
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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17
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Hong Z, De Meulemeester L, Jacobi A, Pedersen JS, Morth JP, Andreasen PA, Jensen JK. Crystal Structure of a Two-domain Fragment of Hepatocyte Growth Factor Activator Inhibitor-1: FUNCTIONAL INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE KUNITZ-TYPE INHIBITOR DOMAIN-1 AND THE NEIGHBORING POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE-LIKE DOMAIN. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:14340-14355. [PMID: 27189939 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.707240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor-1 (HAI-1) is a type I transmembrane protein and inhibitor of several serine proteases, including hepatocyte growth factor activator and matriptase. The protein is essential for development as knock-out mice die in utero due to placental defects caused by misregulated extracellular proteolysis. HAI-1 contains two Kunitz-type inhibitor domains (Kunitz), which are generally thought of as a functionally self-contained protease inhibitor unit. This is not the case for HAI-1, where our results reveal how interdomain interactions have evolved to stimulate the inhibitory activity of an integrated Kunitz. Here we present an x-ray crystal structure of an HAI-1 fragment covering the internal domain and Kunitz-1. The structure reveals not only that the previously uncharacterized internal domain is a member of the polycystic kidney disease domain family but also how the two domains engage in interdomain interactions. Supported by solution small angle x-ray scattering and a combination of site-directed mutagenesis and functional assays, we show that interdomain interactions not only stabilize the fold of the internal domain but also stimulate the inhibitory activity of Kunitz-1. By completing our structural characterization of the previously unknown N-terminal region of HAI-1, we provide new insight into the interplay between tertiary structure and the inhibitory activity of a multidomain protease inhibitor. We propose a previously unseen mechanism by which the association of an auxiliary domain stimulates the inhibitory activity of a Kunitz-type inhibitor (i.e. the first structure of an intramolecular interaction between a Kunitz and another domain).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zebin Hong
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Danish-Chinese Centre for Proteases and Cancer, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Laura De Meulemeester
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Danish-Chinese Centre for Proteases and Cancer, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Annemarie Jacobi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Danish-Chinese Centre for Proteases and Cancer, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jan Skov Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - J Preben Morth
- Norwegian Center of Molecular Medicine (NCMM), University of Oslo, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter A Andreasen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Danish-Chinese Centre for Proteases and Cancer, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jan K Jensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Danish-Chinese Centre for Proteases and Cancer, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark,.
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18
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Ng HY, Ko JMY, Yu VZ, Ip JCY, Dai W, Cal S, Lung ML. DESC1, a novel tumor suppressor, sensitizes cells to apoptosis by downregulating the EGFR/AKT pathway in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2016; 138:2940-51. [PMID: 26856390 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is ranked as the eighth most common cancer and the sixth leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. To identify candidate tumor suppressor genes related to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) development, a cDNA microarray analysis was performed using paired tumor and nontumor tissue samples from ESCC patients. Differentially expressed in squamous cell carcinoma 1 (DESC1), which belongs to the Type II transmembrane serine protease family, was frequently downregulated in ESCC. This study aims to elucidate the molecular mechanism for the tumor suppressive function of DESC1 in ESCC. We show that DESC1 reduced cell viability and sensitized cells to apoptosis, when cells were under apoptotic stimuli. The proapoptotic effect of DESC1 was mediated through downregulating AKT1 activation and the restoration of AKT activation by the introduction of the constitutively active AKT, myr-AKT, abolished the apoptosis-sensitizing effect of DESC1. DESC1 also reduced EGFR protein level, which was abrogated when the proteolytic function of DESC1 was lost, suggesting that DESC1 cleaved EGFR and downregulated the EGFR/AKT pathway to favor apoptosis. The transmembrane localization and the structural domains provide an opportunity for DESC1 to interact with the extracellular environment. The importance of such interaction was highlighted by the finding that DESC1 reduced cell colony formation ability in three-dimensional culture. In line with this, DESC1 reduced tumor growth kinetics in the in vivo orthotopic tumorigenesis assay. Taken together, our novel findings suggest how DESC1 may suppress ESCC development by sensitizing cells to apoptosis under an apoptotic stimulus through downregulating the EGFR/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi Yan Ng
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong Li Ka Shing, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR
| | - Josephine Mun-Yee Ko
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong Li Ka Shing, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR
| | - Valen Zhuoyou Yu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong Li Ka Shing, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR
| | - Joseph Chok Yan Ip
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong Li Ka Shing, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR
| | - Wei Dai
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong Li Ka Shing, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR
| | - Santiago Cal
- Departamento De Bioquímica Y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario De Oncología, Universidad De Oviedo, Spain
| | - Maria Li Lung
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong Li Ka Shing, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR
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19
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Duhaime MJ, Page KO, Varela FA, Murray AS, Silverman ME, Zoratti GL, List K. Cell Surface Human Airway Trypsin-Like Protease Is Lost During Squamous Cell Carcinogenesis. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:1476-83. [PMID: 26297835 PMCID: PMC4933652 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer progression is accompanied by increased levels of extracellular proteases that are capable of remodeling the extracellular matrix, as well as cleaving and activating growth factors and receptors that are involved in pro‐cancerous signaling pathways. Several members of the type II transmembrane serine protease (TTSP) family have been shown to play critical roles in cancer progression, however, the expression or function of the TTSP Human Airway Trypsin‐like protease (HAT) in carcinogenesis has not been examined. In the present study we aimed to determine the expression of HAT during squamous cell carcinogenesis. HAT transcript is present in several tissues containing stratified squamous epithelium and decreased expression is observed in carcinomas. We determined that HAT protein is consistently expressed on the cell surface in suprabasal/apical layers of squamous cells in healthy cervical and esophageal epithelia. To assess whether HAT protein is differentially expressed in normal tissue versus tissue in different stages of carcinogenesis, we performed a comprehensive immunohistochemical analysis of HAT protein expression levels and localization in arrays of paraffin embedded human cervical and esophageal carcinomas compared to the corresponding normal tissue. We found that HAT protein is expressed in the non‐proliferating, differentiated cellular strata and is lost during the dedifferentiation of epithelial cells, a hallmark of squamous cell carcinogenesis. Thus, HAT expression may potentially be useful as a marker for clinical grading and assessment of patient prognosis in squamous cell carcinomas. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 1476–1483, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Duhaime
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Khaliph O Page
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Fausto A Varela
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Andrew S Murray
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Michael E Silverman
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Gina L Zoratti
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Karin List
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
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Abstract
Membrane-anchored serine proteases are a group of extracellular serine proteases tethered directly to plasma membranes, via a C-terminal glycosylphosphatidylinositol linkage (GPI-anchored), a C-terminal transmembrane domain (Type I), or an N-terminal transmembrane domain (Type II). A variety of biochemical, cellular, and in vivo studies have established that these proteases are important pericellular contributors to processes vital for the maintenance of homeostasis, including food digestion, blood pressure regulation, hearing, epithelial permeability, sperm maturation, and iron homeostasis. These enzymes are hijacked by viruses to facilitate infection and propagation, and their misregulation is associated with a wide range of diseases, including cancer malignancy.
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